- What it is.
- How & Why people use it.
- Effects: (Physiological; Psychological; Behavioural).
- Short-term risks.
- Long-term consequences.
- Risk Reduction: (Strategies; Behaviours).
- Working with intoxication.
- Why now? Again!
- Community responses.
- Supports & Resources.
The document discusses methamphetamine, including its effects on the brain and body, how it is used, health risks, and treatments for addiction. Methamphetamine releases dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, causing euphoria. It has been used medically but is now illegal except in some nasal decongestants and diet drugs. Use can cause increased heart rate, anxiety, weight loss and dental problems. Behavioral therapies and contingency management are used to treat addiction, but no medications currently counteract its effects.
This document provides information about crystal meth (methamphetamine) for teens, including what it is, why people use it, physical and mental health effects of its use, dangers of meth labs, and how to help a friend who may be using. It describes crystal meth's many street names and explains that it is a powerful stimulant. The document outlines both short-term and long-term physical effects on users, including increased heart rate and risk of stroke. It also notes the environmental and health risks of meth labs and how to respond if encountering one.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It comes as a white powder or clear crystal chunks that are smoked or injected. The drug has a long history but became popular in the US in the 1950s. It is produced illegally by extracting ingredients from cold medicines and combining them with toxic chemicals. Short term effects include increased activity and heart rate, while long term use can cause physical and mental health issues. Meth is addictive and illegal, with prison sentences and fines for possession.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that is chemically similar to amphetamine. It is typically taken orally, snorted, smoked, or injected and produces an immediate euphoric high followed by long term negative health effects. Long term methamphetamine abuse can lead to malnutrition, severe tooth decay, heart or brain damage, stroke, psychosis and depression. While teen use of methamphetamine has declined in recent years, it remains a dangerous drug with potentially serious health consequences from both short and long term use.
This document provides information about methamphetamine (meth), including what it is, how it's ingested, common signs of meth use, and how to identify a potential meth lab. Meth comes in various forms and is often snorted, smoked, or injected for its euphoric and energizing effects. Long term meth use can cause physical and psychological harm. Clandestine meth labs are dangerous and produce toxic waste. The document outlines physical and behavioral signs that may indicate meth use or production and advises contacting authorities instead of confronting a suspected user or lab.
Crystal meth is a highly addictive stimulant that affects dopamine levels in the brain, causing feelings of euphoria. Long-term use can lead to psychosis, aggression, impaired motor skills, decreased brain function, and irregular heartbeats. Meth users have a drastically reduced life expectancy of only 5 years after beginning use due to effects on brain, heart, and immune system functions.
Methamphetamine, also known as meth or crystal meth, is a highly addictive stimulant. The document discusses methamphetamine use in the United States. It notes that in 2008, approximately 13 million Americans over 12 had used meth, with 529,000 being regular users. While use has declined somewhat since 2008, meth remains prevalent and damaging. Both short and long-term use can have serious health effects on the body and mind. Treatment focuses on behavioral therapies and incentives to stop use and prevent relapse.
The document discusses methamphetamine, including its effects on the brain and body, how it is used, health risks, and treatments for addiction. Methamphetamine releases dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, causing euphoria. It has been used medically but is now illegal except in some nasal decongestants and diet drugs. Use can cause increased heart rate, anxiety, weight loss and dental problems. Behavioral therapies and contingency management are used to treat addiction, but no medications currently counteract its effects.
This document provides information about crystal meth (methamphetamine) for teens, including what it is, why people use it, physical and mental health effects of its use, dangers of meth labs, and how to help a friend who may be using. It describes crystal meth's many street names and explains that it is a powerful stimulant. The document outlines both short-term and long-term physical effects on users, including increased heart rate and risk of stroke. It also notes the environmental and health risks of meth labs and how to respond if encountering one.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that affects the central nervous system. It comes as a white powder or clear crystal chunks that are smoked or injected. The drug has a long history but became popular in the US in the 1950s. It is produced illegally by extracting ingredients from cold medicines and combining them with toxic chemicals. Short term effects include increased activity and heart rate, while long term use can cause physical and mental health issues. Meth is addictive and illegal, with prison sentences and fines for possession.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive stimulant that is chemically similar to amphetamine. It is typically taken orally, snorted, smoked, or injected and produces an immediate euphoric high followed by long term negative health effects. Long term methamphetamine abuse can lead to malnutrition, severe tooth decay, heart or brain damage, stroke, psychosis and depression. While teen use of methamphetamine has declined in recent years, it remains a dangerous drug with potentially serious health consequences from both short and long term use.
This document provides information about methamphetamine (meth), including what it is, how it's ingested, common signs of meth use, and how to identify a potential meth lab. Meth comes in various forms and is often snorted, smoked, or injected for its euphoric and energizing effects. Long term meth use can cause physical and psychological harm. Clandestine meth labs are dangerous and produce toxic waste. The document outlines physical and behavioral signs that may indicate meth use or production and advises contacting authorities instead of confronting a suspected user or lab.
Crystal meth is a highly addictive stimulant that affects dopamine levels in the brain, causing feelings of euphoria. Long-term use can lead to psychosis, aggression, impaired motor skills, decreased brain function, and irregular heartbeats. Meth users have a drastically reduced life expectancy of only 5 years after beginning use due to effects on brain, heart, and immune system functions.
Methamphetamine, also known as meth or crystal meth, is a highly addictive stimulant. The document discusses methamphetamine use in the United States. It notes that in 2008, approximately 13 million Americans over 12 had used meth, with 529,000 being regular users. While use has declined somewhat since 2008, meth remains prevalent and damaging. Both short and long-term use can have serious health effects on the body and mind. Treatment focuses on behavioral therapies and incentives to stop use and prevent relapse.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that affects the central nervous system. It causes the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and activates the cardiovascular and nervous systems. While it is prescribed to treat conditions like ADHD and obesity in limited cases under the brand name Desoxyn, methamphetamine is more commonly abused as an illegal street drug known as "ice" or "crystal" that produces feelings of euphoria. Long term meth abuse is associated with severe health risks and addiction.
A presentation contains some hallucinogenic drugs that people misuse and some information about it.finally by dena ezzat , a pharmacist student in third year.
This document provides an overview of methamphetamine (meth) including its history, production, effects on health, and status as a public health issue. It was originally developed in the late 1800s but gained popularity as an alternative to ephedrine during WWII when it was given to soldiers to increase alertness. Today it is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant that can be smoked, injected, or swallowed. Long term use leads to many health issues and it is considered a major public health concern globally due to its widespread abuse and association with organized crime.
This document discusses the neurobiology of addiction. It provides an overview of neurotransmission, including action potentials, the neurotransmitter lifecycle, and receptor types. Specific neurotransmitters are examined, such as dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and opioids. The roles of these neurotransmitters in addiction and how various drugs affect neurotransmitter systems are described. Genetic and environmental factors that can contribute to addiction are also reviewed.
New psychoactive substances (NPS), also known as club drugs or legal highs, are synthetic chemicals constructed from various ingredients to mimic the effects of illegal drugs. They can be stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens depending on their composition, but their ingredients and effects are unknown since they are not regulated or standardized. This poses health risks to users who do not know what they are consuming. Some examples of NPS types include synthetic cocaines, amphetamines, MDMA and its derivatives, GHB, ketamine, LSD derivatives, and synthetic cannabinoids.
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, alter perception and can cause hallucinations. Some examples include LSD, DMT, PCP, and marijuana. Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938, and hallucinogenic mushrooms have been used for thousands of years for religious or medicinal purposes by ancient cultures. While some advocate for medical uses, hallucinogens are currently illegal and can have harmful physical, emotional, and social effects if abused.
This document summarizes information about amphetamines and ecstasy (MDMA). For amphetamines, it discusses their history of use from the 1800s to today, types including methamphetamine, mechanisms of action, short and long term effects, withdrawal symptoms, overdose signs and symptoms, and treatment options. For ecstasy, it describes what MDMA is, how it affects the brain by increasing certain chemicals, debates about its addictiveness, and potential past and current therapeutic uses being studied. Comparisons are made between methamphetamine and MDMA.
Drug abuse refers to using drugs in a way that deviates from approved medical use, while drug addiction involves compulsive drug use that takes priority over other activities. Commonly abused drugs include depressants like alcohol and barbiturates, stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, hallucinogens like LSD, marijuana, inhalants, and steroids. Cocaine works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, while morphine acts on opioid receptors to inhibit adenylate cyclase and produce sedation. Counseling patients and encouraging lifestyle changes can help those struggling with drug abuse and addiction.
The document provides information about methamphetamine, including its history, chemical properties, slang terms, and clinical uses. It discusses how methamphetamine was first synthesized in the late 1800s and was used medically to treat conditions like asthma, obesity, and narcolepsy. It was also given to soldiers during wars. The document outlines trends in illegal methamphetamine manufacturing and distribution in the US since the 1960s and provides over 100 slang terms used to refer to the drug.
Drug addiction is characterized as a chronic brain disorder involving compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages from impulsivity to compulsivity as driven by dopamine release in the reward system and shifts from positive to negative reinforcement. Genetics contribute 40-60% to risk through specific gene variants affecting drug metabolism and receptor activity. Environmental factors like early life stress, family history of addiction, and peer influences also impact vulnerability through interactions with genetics. The transition from experimentation to addiction often occurs during adolescence due to incomplete prefrontal cortex development.
Diagnosis and treatment of amphetamine abuseAsra Hameed
Amphetamine is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. It stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain) by increasing the amount of certain chemicals in the body. This increases heart rate and blood pressure and decreases appetite, among other effects.
Amphetamine is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD).
Amphetamine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
This document discusses drug abuse and its effects. It defines drugs as substances that alter mental or physical states, and distinguishes between medical and recreational uses. Commonly abused drugs are listed, including marijuana, methamphetamine, and cocaine. The document notes that drug addiction involves psychological and physical dependence, and impacts individuals through aggressive behavior and health issues, families through relationship and financial problems, and society through lost productivity and crime. Treatment involves pharmacological, social, and legal approaches, as well as family support.
The document discusses terminology related to drug abuse, dependence, and addiction. It notes that definitions from 1957 and 1964 led to confusion, so the DSM-IV introduced criteria for abuse and dependence in 2000. Dependence requires 3 or more criteria in a year, such as tolerance, withdrawal, or continued use despite consequences. Abuse requires 1 or more criteria, like failure to fulfill roles or use in hazardous situations. The DSM-5 consolidated abuse and dependence into substance use disorder, with a threshold of 2 criteria. Risk factors include mental health issues, access, stress, and family environment. Addiction is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
MDMA, also known as ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic drug that alters mood and perception. It produces feelings of increased energy, pleasure, and distorted senses. Common short-term side effects include anxiety, sweating, and nausea, while long-term use can cause depression, sleep issues, and memory problems. MDMA is commonly found at parties and events and poses health risks due to unknown chemical compositions and interactions. Efforts are being made to control its use and production but new synthetic drugs continue to emerge.
Stimulants work by blocking monoamine transporters like dopamine, increasing their levels in the brain. This can cause both acute effects like euphoria but also chronic addiction through changes in brain regions involved in reward. Management of acute intoxication focuses on stabilization while withdrawal typically resolves in 2 weeks with supportive care. Relapse prevention requires comprehensive psychosocial treatment though some medications may help reduce cocaine use.
Crystal Meth is a colorless and odorless drug that is usually smoked but can also be snorted or injected. It causes intense but short-lived euphoric effects along with potentially dangerous physical and psychological side effects such as erratic behavior, increased heart rate, paranoia, and long-term health issues like brain damage or psychosis. Chronic use is associated with issues like tooth decay, skin sores, and weight loss. It goes by many street names and its effects, while similar to cocaine, are longer lasting.
Health project about ecstasy and the affects it has on your social, physical, and mental health. Also includes a brief history of the drug, the drug itself, and what exactly is found in it. Also includes an interactive game at the end.
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It defines different terms used to describe hallucinogens and describes the two main classes of hallucinogens - classical phantastica and deliriants. It focuses on LSD, describing its discovery, early uses, advocates like Timothy Leary, effects, and debates around its medical and therapeutic use. The document also briefly profiles several other common hallucinogenic plants and substances.
This document discusses drug addiction and its effects on health. It defines drug addiction as a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. Addiction is caused by habitual substance abuse, including alcohol, marijuana, opioids and other drugs. Long term drug abuse can damage almost every organ and system in the human body, leading to issues like immune system problems, heart conditions, liver damage, infections, mental decline and more. The document also categorizes common drugs into stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, dissociatives, inhalants, opioids and cannabis.
Stimulants are a class of drugs that include cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, nicotine, and MDMA. They elevate mood, increase energy and alertness when taken. Cocaine comes as a powder or crack smokeable form, while methamphetamine is a crystal or powder that can be swallowed, snorted, injected or smoked. Amphetamines and methylphenidate are sometimes prescribed for medical issues like ADHD but are also abused by taking in non-prescribed ways or amounts.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive psychostimulant that affects the central nervous system. It causes the release of neurotransmitters like dopamine and activates the cardiovascular and nervous systems. While it is prescribed to treat conditions like ADHD and obesity in limited cases under the brand name Desoxyn, methamphetamine is more commonly abused as an illegal street drug known as "ice" or "crystal" that produces feelings of euphoria. Long term meth abuse is associated with severe health risks and addiction.
A presentation contains some hallucinogenic drugs that people misuse and some information about it.finally by dena ezzat , a pharmacist student in third year.
This document provides an overview of methamphetamine (meth) including its history, production, effects on health, and status as a public health issue. It was originally developed in the late 1800s but gained popularity as an alternative to ephedrine during WWII when it was given to soldiers to increase alertness. Today it is a powerful and highly addictive stimulant that can be smoked, injected, or swallowed. Long term use leads to many health issues and it is considered a major public health concern globally due to its widespread abuse and association with organized crime.
This document discusses the neurobiology of addiction. It provides an overview of neurotransmission, including action potentials, the neurotransmitter lifecycle, and receptor types. Specific neurotransmitters are examined, such as dopamine, GABA, glutamate, and opioids. The roles of these neurotransmitters in addiction and how various drugs affect neurotransmitter systems are described. Genetic and environmental factors that can contribute to addiction are also reviewed.
New psychoactive substances (NPS), also known as club drugs or legal highs, are synthetic chemicals constructed from various ingredients to mimic the effects of illegal drugs. They can be stimulants, depressants, or hallucinogens depending on their composition, but their ingredients and effects are unknown since they are not regulated or standardized. This poses health risks to users who do not know what they are consuming. Some examples of NPS types include synthetic cocaines, amphetamines, MDMA and its derivatives, GHB, ketamine, LSD derivatives, and synthetic cannabinoids.
Hallucinogens, also known as psychedelic drugs, alter perception and can cause hallucinations. Some examples include LSD, DMT, PCP, and marijuana. Albert Hofmann first synthesized LSD in 1938, and hallucinogenic mushrooms have been used for thousands of years for religious or medicinal purposes by ancient cultures. While some advocate for medical uses, hallucinogens are currently illegal and can have harmful physical, emotional, and social effects if abused.
This document summarizes information about amphetamines and ecstasy (MDMA). For amphetamines, it discusses their history of use from the 1800s to today, types including methamphetamine, mechanisms of action, short and long term effects, withdrawal symptoms, overdose signs and symptoms, and treatment options. For ecstasy, it describes what MDMA is, how it affects the brain by increasing certain chemicals, debates about its addictiveness, and potential past and current therapeutic uses being studied. Comparisons are made between methamphetamine and MDMA.
Drug abuse refers to using drugs in a way that deviates from approved medical use, while drug addiction involves compulsive drug use that takes priority over other activities. Commonly abused drugs include depressants like alcohol and barbiturates, stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines, hallucinogens like LSD, marijuana, inhalants, and steroids. Cocaine works by blocking the reuptake of dopamine and other neurotransmitters, while morphine acts on opioid receptors to inhibit adenylate cyclase and produce sedation. Counseling patients and encouraging lifestyle changes can help those struggling with drug abuse and addiction.
The document provides information about methamphetamine, including its history, chemical properties, slang terms, and clinical uses. It discusses how methamphetamine was first synthesized in the late 1800s and was used medically to treat conditions like asthma, obesity, and narcolepsy. It was also given to soldiers during wars. The document outlines trends in illegal methamphetamine manufacturing and distribution in the US since the 1960s and provides over 100 slang terms used to refer to the drug.
Drug addiction is characterized as a chronic brain disorder involving compulsive drug use despite negative consequences. It progresses through stages from impulsivity to compulsivity as driven by dopamine release in the reward system and shifts from positive to negative reinforcement. Genetics contribute 40-60% to risk through specific gene variants affecting drug metabolism and receptor activity. Environmental factors like early life stress, family history of addiction, and peer influences also impact vulnerability through interactions with genetics. The transition from experimentation to addiction often occurs during adolescence due to incomplete prefrontal cortex development.
Diagnosis and treatment of amphetamine abuseAsra Hameed
Amphetamine is a stimulant and an appetite suppressant. It stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain) by increasing the amount of certain chemicals in the body. This increases heart rate and blood pressure and decreases appetite, among other effects.
Amphetamine is used to treat narcolepsy and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADHD).
Amphetamine may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
This document discusses drug abuse and its effects. It defines drugs as substances that alter mental or physical states, and distinguishes between medical and recreational uses. Commonly abused drugs are listed, including marijuana, methamphetamine, and cocaine. The document notes that drug addiction involves psychological and physical dependence, and impacts individuals through aggressive behavior and health issues, families through relationship and financial problems, and society through lost productivity and crime. Treatment involves pharmacological, social, and legal approaches, as well as family support.
The document discusses terminology related to drug abuse, dependence, and addiction. It notes that definitions from 1957 and 1964 led to confusion, so the DSM-IV introduced criteria for abuse and dependence in 2000. Dependence requires 3 or more criteria in a year, such as tolerance, withdrawal, or continued use despite consequences. Abuse requires 1 or more criteria, like failure to fulfill roles or use in hazardous situations. The DSM-5 consolidated abuse and dependence into substance use disorder, with a threshold of 2 criteria. Risk factors include mental health issues, access, stress, and family environment. Addiction is influenced by biological, psychological, and social factors.
MDMA, also known as ecstasy or molly, is a synthetic drug that alters mood and perception. It produces feelings of increased energy, pleasure, and distorted senses. Common short-term side effects include anxiety, sweating, and nausea, while long-term use can cause depression, sleep issues, and memory problems. MDMA is commonly found at parties and events and poses health risks due to unknown chemical compositions and interactions. Efforts are being made to control its use and production but new synthetic drugs continue to emerge.
Stimulants work by blocking monoamine transporters like dopamine, increasing their levels in the brain. This can cause both acute effects like euphoria but also chronic addiction through changes in brain regions involved in reward. Management of acute intoxication focuses on stabilization while withdrawal typically resolves in 2 weeks with supportive care. Relapse prevention requires comprehensive psychosocial treatment though some medications may help reduce cocaine use.
Crystal Meth is a colorless and odorless drug that is usually smoked but can also be snorted or injected. It causes intense but short-lived euphoric effects along with potentially dangerous physical and psychological side effects such as erratic behavior, increased heart rate, paranoia, and long-term health issues like brain damage or psychosis. Chronic use is associated with issues like tooth decay, skin sores, and weight loss. It goes by many street names and its effects, while similar to cocaine, are longer lasting.
Health project about ecstasy and the affects it has on your social, physical, and mental health. Also includes a brief history of the drug, the drug itself, and what exactly is found in it. Also includes an interactive game at the end.
This document discusses hallucinogenic drugs. It defines different terms used to describe hallucinogens and describes the two main classes of hallucinogens - classical phantastica and deliriants. It focuses on LSD, describing its discovery, early uses, advocates like Timothy Leary, effects, and debates around its medical and therapeutic use. The document also briefly profiles several other common hallucinogenic plants and substances.
This document discusses drug addiction and its effects on health. It defines drug addiction as a chronic brain disease characterized by compulsive drug seeking and use despite harmful consequences. Addiction is caused by habitual substance abuse, including alcohol, marijuana, opioids and other drugs. Long term drug abuse can damage almost every organ and system in the human body, leading to issues like immune system problems, heart conditions, liver damage, infections, mental decline and more. The document also categorizes common drugs into stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, dissociatives, inhalants, opioids and cannabis.
Stimulants are a class of drugs that include cocaine, methamphetamine, amphetamines, methylphenidate, nicotine, and MDMA. They elevate mood, increase energy and alertness when taken. Cocaine comes as a powder or crack smokeable form, while methamphetamine is a crystal or powder that can be swallowed, snorted, injected or smoked. Amphetamines and methylphenidate are sometimes prescribed for medical issues like ADHD but are also abused by taking in non-prescribed ways or amounts.
Crystal meth, also known as methamphetamine, is a highly addictive stimulant that is commonly smoked, injected, or snorted. It causes both short-term and long-term health effects. In the short-term, it can increase alertness but also cause irritability, paranoia, and increased heart rate. Long-term use is associated with anxiety, depression, severe weight loss, and potential brain and organ damage. The drug works by flooding the brain with dopamine, disrupting the brain's reward and pleasure systems.
A 90 minute presentation to Addiction and Mental Health workers in Ontario, Canada.
Contains many links to useful resources and information.
To provide a background and overview of some of the newer substances we are seeing and people may be consuming.
A focus on:
- MDMA / Ecstasy / Molly
- Drug Checking
- Bath Salts / Cathinones
- Synthetic Cannabinoids
**Unfortunately the speaker notes are not uploading. Please contact us if you would like a copy of these: http://www.ohsutp.ca/contact
E, K, G, BZP, 2CB, 5MeO-DIPT...
“Party Drugs” such as Ecstasy, Ketamine and GHB have not gone away. However, there have been significant changes to purity and associated risks. As well, a proliferation of new substances are quickly appearing.
What are some of the current substances being used and the risk reduction messages we should be sharing, particularly with today’s youth?
We will look at:
Street Drugs --> Party Drugs --> NPS
Specific substances:
- What they are
- How they work
- Immediate risks
- Longer-term concerns
- Risk reduction strategies
This document provides information about the Ontario HIV and Substance Use Training Program (OHSUTP). It summarizes the vision, mission, and mandate of OHSUTP, which is to provide training to substance use and mental health service providers to increase knowledge of HIV/AIDS and promote skills development. It also provides an overview of Fife House, the supportive housing organization that OHSUTP operates out of. Key information includes descriptions of Fife House's supportive housing programs and services for people living with HIV/AIDS.
This document summarizes recent drug trends in the United States based on data from various sources such as treatment admissions, overdose deaths, and law enforcement. It finds that drug use patterns vary significantly over time and between states/regions. For example, heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine use have fluctuated in different parts of the country. Marijuana and prescription drug misuse remain widespread issues. New drugs like "spice" and "bath salts" are also emerging trends. Overall, the summary emphasizes that drug epidemics are dynamic and influenced by multiple social and economic factors.
This document discusses stigma, discrimination, disclosure, and legal issues related to HIV. It begins by defining stigma and its impacts. It then discusses the roots of HIV stigma, including fear of contagion and negative assumptions about those infected. Multiple stigmas can compound issues for those living with HIV. Legal duties around disclosure are complex, with unclear guidelines around what constitutes significant risk of transmission. Non-disclosure can result in criminal charges but disclosure may not fully protect against prosecution. Community organizations have duties around confidentiality but not mandatory reporting.
Dokumen tersebut merangkum prosedur pemurnian garam dapur (NaCl) melalui proses pengkristalan dengan menggunakan gas hidrogen klorida (HCl). Langkah-langkahnya adalah melarutkan garam dapur, menjenuhkan larutan dengan HCl, menyaring endapan yang dihasilkan, mengeringkannya di oven untuk memperoleh NaCl murni. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah memahami prinsip pemurnian dan pengkristalan NaCl.
Clandestine chemistry refers to secret chemistry work, especially in illegal drug labs. Larger clandestine labs are typically run by criminal gangs to mass produce drugs for black market distribution, while smaller labs may be run by individual hobbyist chemists to make smaller amounts of controlled substances. The term "clandestine lab" can apply to any illegal drug production, regardless of the lab's size or facilities.
Methamphetamine (meth) is a highly addictive stimulant that is prevalent among young people and men who have sex with men in the United States. It is made from toxic chemicals and often in illegal home labs. Meth use increases risky behaviors like unprotected sex and needle sharing, fueling the transmission of HIV. Users may feel invincible while high but experience severe depression and health issues after the effects wear off. Those with HIV who use meth face additional health challenges due to interactions between the drug and HIV medications. Treatment programs aim to address addiction as well as related diseases.
This document provides an overview of various drugs and their effects. It discusses several classes of drugs including narcotics, hallucinogens, depressants, stimulants, and anabolic steroids. For each drug class, it outlines some prominent drugs in that class like opiates, marijuana, cocaine, and describes their physiological and psychological effects. It also discusses drug analysis techniques used to identify unknown drug substances.
The document provides information about a workshop on drug use, stigma, stereotypes and harm reduction. It outlines the goals of gaining understanding of the negative effects of stigma on people who use drugs and examining ways to reduce stigma and improve well-being. It establishes group guidelines for the workshop, including maintaining confidentiality and respecting different experiences. It then considers stereotypes related to drug use through pictures and a survey. Key aspects of drug-related stigma from individuals, institutions, internally and by association are examined. The implications of stigma for access to services, risk behaviors, self-worth and relationships are discussed. Factors influencing drug use including the continuum of use and drug, set and setting are briefly covered.
Hepatitis C is a liver disease caused by the hepatitis C virus. It is transmitted through exposure to infected blood, most commonly through sharing needles or other drug use equipment. Only about one-third of people show symptoms during initial infection, which may include fatigue, abdominal pain, and jaundice. Most people go on to develop chronic hepatitis C infection without symptoms for many years. Advanced liver disease from hepatitis C may lead to complications like jaundice, ascites, bleeding, and liver cancer. Co-infection with HIV increases the challenges of diagnosing and treating hepatitis C.
Methamphetamine, also known as meth, is a highly addictive psycho stimulant drug that is easily manufactured using common household chemicals and medicines containing pseudoephedrine. Meth causes serious physical and psychological effects such as paranoia, rotting teeth, sleep deprivation, weight loss, hallucinations, blurred vision, violent behavior, stroke, manic depression, heart attacks, rashes, brain damage, and body sores. Meth labs are dangerous and people should report any signs of a clandestine lab to local authorities without confronting individuals or moving items at the site.
This document discusses government regulation of methamphetamines. It provides background on methamphetamines and how they are produced. It then outlines various federal and state laws enacted to regulate meth production and precursor chemicals like pseudoephedrine. Key points covered include the Controlled Substances Act of 1970, the Combat Meth Epidemic Act of 2005 restricting pseudoephedrine purchases, and Illinois legislation in 2004-2006 requiring pseudoephedrine products to be stored behind counters. The presentation examines the impact of these laws but notes meth is still entering the country through other means.
This is a reposting of my slides from the "Methamphetamine and Sexuality Presentation I did at the Southern Illinois Methamphetamine Conference in April of 2009. The original contained slides that were not part of the presentation.
How to make ice cream 51 recipes for classic and contemporary flavors book newpolas6
This document provides an introduction to making homemade ice cream, including:
- There are two main styles of ice cream - French (custard-based) and American (lighter base without eggs).
- Ice cream is made by quickly freezing a flavored base while agitating it to incorporate air and prevent large ice crystals.
- High-quality dairy products like cream and milk are important for rich flavor and texture. Tempering eggs in custard bases ensures they don't curdle.
- Home ice cream makers make the process faster by rapidly freezing the base while mixing in air. Options include hand-crank, canister, and compressor models.
- After churning, ice cream must harden before
These PowerPoint presentations are intended for use by crime prevention practitioners who bring their experience and expertise to each topic. The presentations are not intended for public use or by individuals with no training or expertise in crime prevention. Each presentation is intended to educate, increase awareness, and teach prevention strategies. Presenters must discern whether their audiences require a more basic or advanced level of information.
NCPC welcomes your input and would like your assistance in tracking the use of these topical presentations. Please email NCPC at trainings@ncpc.org with information about when and how the presentations were used. If you like, we will also place you in a database to receive updates of the PowerPoint presentations and additional training information. We encourage you to visit www.ncpc.org to find additional information on these topics. We also invite you to send in your own trainer notes, handouts, pictures, and anecdotes to share with others on www.ncpc.org.
Emerging Drug Trends London Network of Nurses and Midwives Conference 2015lnnmhomeless
Emerging drug trends and homelessness document discusses various drugs that are increasingly being used, especially among homeless populations. These include synthetic cannabinoids which are often more potent than natural cannabis and can increase risks of psychosis. Mephadrone is a stimulant that is frequently injected and can damage veins quickly. Ketamine use has increased and long-term use is linked to bladder issues. Chemsex, using drugs to enhance sex, is a growing problem and can contribute to homelessness due to financial issues and health problems from risky behaviors. Methamphetamine is a long-acting stimulant linked to addiction and neurotoxicity. GHB is used in chemsex and has risks of overdose and withdrawal seizures.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses what drugs are, why teens try drugs, and risk factors for drug use. It then describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, bath salts, meth, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, and prescription drugs. For each drug, it provides examples, short term effects, and potential long term effects. The document aims to educate youth about the dangers of drug use.
This document provides information about drugs and their risks from a drug awareness presentation. It defines what drugs are, explains why teens may try drugs, and lists various risk factors. It then describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, bath salts, meth, heroin and their short-term and long-term effects. The goal is to educate youth on the dangers of drug use.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses what drugs are, why teens try drugs, and risk factors for drug use. It then describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, bath salts, meth, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, and prescription drugs. For each drug, it provides examples, short term effects, and potential long term effects. The document aims to educate about the dangers of drug use.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses what drugs are, why teens try drugs, risk factors, and different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, bath salts, meth, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, prescription drugs and marijuana. For each drug, it describes short term and long term effects on the body and brain. The goal is to educate students on the dangers of drug use and abuse.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It discusses what drugs are, why teens may try drugs, risk factors, and different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, alcohol, nicotine, bath salts, meth, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine, ecstasy, LSD, and prescription drugs. For each drug, it describes short-term and long-term effects on the body and brain. The goal is to educate students on the dangers of drug use and addiction.
This document provides information about various drugs and their effects. It defines drugs as chemicals that affect the mind and body, and can lead to physical or psychological dependence. It then lists common reasons why teens try drugs, such as peer pressure or lack of other activities. The document describes different types of drugs including stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, and discusses specific drugs like alcohol, nicotine, marijuana, heroin, cocaine, prescription drugs. It outlines the short-term and long-term effects of each drug type on the body and brain. The document emphasizes that drug use can seriously harm health and lead to addiction, overdose, death, or legal and social consequences.
The document discusses drugs and their effects on the body and mind. It defines drugs as chemical substances that affect the mind and body when consumed or absorbed in various ways. It describes how prolonged drug use can cause physical and psychological dependence and how overdoses can lead to death. It then discusses different types of drugs like stimulants, depressants, hallucinogens, inhalants, and steroids. For each drug type, it provides examples and explains their effects, risks of abuse, and potential health impacts. The document emphasizes that all drugs can be addictive and have side effects, and provides tips on getting help for yourself or a friend with a drug problem.
A final substance abuse assisting those with substance dependence 6 22-07Shellnic
The document discusses the impacts of substance abuse, particularly methamphetamine addiction, on both individuals and families. It describes how meth affects the brain and leads to dependence through changes in dopamine levels and tolerance. The long term effects of meth use include cognitive impairment, mental health issues, relationship problems, and negative consequences for any children involved due to neglect, abuse, and intergenerational addiction issues.
Methamphetamine is a highly addictive drug that affects the brain and body in several harmful ways. It is a central nervous system stimulant that releases high levels of dopamine, causing euphoria and increased confidence in the drug. However, it also damages brain cells over time and causes health effects like increased heart rate and temperature. Long term use of meth can lead to issues like tooth decay, liver and kidney damage, strokes, and mental health problems as it depletes serotonin and dopamine. The document outlines the neurological and physical impacts of meth use and provides statistics on the prevalence and consequences of meth addiction.
The document provides an overview of street drugs and rave culture, summarizing several common drugs of abuse. It discusses heroin, oxycontin, methadone and other opiates, noting signs of overdose. Ecstasy (MDMA) and its toxic analog PMA are covered. Dextromethorphan (DXM) from cough syrup is summarized. Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its analogs are reviewed, along with packaging and toxicity. Rave culture and typical events are briefly described to provide context.
This document discusses the dangers of drug use and provides information about various drugs. It states that drugs alter the mind and people use them to change something about their lives, though drugs eventually become the problem. It then provides details on the short-term and long-term effects of various drugs like marijuana, cocaine, crack, ecstasy, and methamphetamine. It notes that drugs can cause health issues, addiction, risky behaviors, and in some cases death. The document aims to educate people on the truths and dangers of drug use.
The document provides information about various drugs, including their short-term and long-term effects. It discusses marijuana, amphetamines, methamphetamines, ecstasy, LSD, heroin, cocaine, crack cocaine and alcohol. The effects described include impaired coordination, memory loss, increased heart rate, psychosis, addiction, organ damage, death from overdose. Marijuana is said to be the most commonly used illegal drug among teenagers. Hard drugs like heroin and methamphetamines are highly addictive and can have dangerous withdrawal symptoms.
This document provides information on various drugs and their effects on the body. It discusses stimulants like caffeine and cocaine that speed up the brain, as well as depressants like alcohol and heroin that slow down the brain. It also covers hallucinogens like LSD and ecstasy that alter a person's state of consciousness. The document describes how different drugs are absorbed and distributed by the body, affecting the brain, heart, liver, and lungs. It notes both short-term and long-term effects of various substances like alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, ecstasy, heroin, and others.
This document summarizes the effects of various drugs on the body and behavior. It discusses how drugs affect neurotransmitters in the brain like dopamine, serotonin, and endorphins. Specific drugs covered include cocaine, ecstasy, marijuana, heroin, alcohol, caffeine, nicotine, and methamphetamine. Short-term and long-term effects are described for each drug. The document also discusses how drug addiction develops in the brain and provides tips to prevent drug use.
The document provides an overview of street drugs, focusing on drugs commonly used at raves such as MDMA, GHB, DXM, and heroin. It describes the culture and environment of raves, details on how different drugs are administered and their effects. It also discusses harm reduction strategies and treatment considerations for overdoses of these drugs.
The document discusses drugs and drug addiction. It defines drugs as substances that have physiological effects when ingested, and distinguishes between legal drugs used for medical purposes and illegal drugs which are addictive and not for medical use. It describes drug abuse and addiction as disorders characterized by destructive patterns of drug use that cause problems. Symptoms of drug addiction include feeling the need to use regularly, taking higher amounts over time, continuing use despite problems, and withdrawal symptoms when stopping. Commonly used drugs are also outlined, along with their effects.
This document provides an introduction to addiction as a brain disease. It begins by defining substance use disorders and reviewing DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse and dependence. Epidemiological data on the prevalence of alcohol and drug use in the United States is presented. The neurobiology of addiction and how chronic drug use affects the brain is explained using imaging studies. The document concludes by discussing how physicians can intervene to treat addiction using screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment methods.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptxTina Purnat
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
Cell Therapy Expansion and Challenges in Autoimmune DiseaseHealth Advances
There is increasing confidence that cell therapies will soon play a role in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, but the extent of this impact remains to be seen. Early readouts on autologous CAR-Ts in lupus are encouraging, but manufacturing and cost limitations are likely to restrict access to highly refractory patients. Allogeneic CAR-Ts have the potential to broaden access to earlier lines of treatment due to their inherent cost benefits, however they will need to demonstrate comparable or improved efficacy to established modalities.
In addition to infrastructure and capacity constraints, CAR-Ts face a very different risk-benefit dynamic in autoimmune compared to oncology, highlighting the need for tolerable therapies with low adverse event risk. CAR-NK and Treg-based therapies are also being developed in certain autoimmune disorders and may demonstrate favorable safety profiles. Several novel non-cell therapies such as bispecific antibodies, nanobodies, and RNAi drugs, may also offer future alternative competitive solutions with variable value propositions.
Widespread adoption of cell therapies will not only require strong efficacy and safety data, but also adapted pricing and access strategies. At oncology-based price points, CAR-Ts are unlikely to achieve broad market access in autoimmune disorders, with eligible patient populations that are potentially orders of magnitude greater than the number of currently addressable cancer patients. Developers have made strides towards reducing cell therapy COGS while improving manufacturing efficiency, but payors will inevitably restrict access until more sustainable pricing is achieved.
Despite these headwinds, industry leaders and investors remain confident that cell therapies are poised to address significant unmet need in patients suffering from autoimmune disorders. However, the extent of this impact on the treatment landscape remains to be seen, as the industry rapidly approaches an inflection point.
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.drhasanrajab
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
TEST BANK For Community Health Nursing A Canadian Perspective, 5th Edition by...Donc Test
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Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Integrating Ayurveda into Parkinson’s Management: A Holistic ApproachAyurveda ForAll
Explore the benefits of combining Ayurveda with conventional Parkinson's treatments. Learn how a holistic approach can manage symptoms, enhance well-being, and balance body energies. Discover the steps to safely integrate Ayurvedic practices into your Parkinson’s care plan, including expert guidance on diet, herbal remedies, and lifestyle modifications.
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
2. What we‟ll go over…
• What it is.
• How & Why people use it.
• Effects:
– Physiological; Psychological; Behavioural.
• Short-term risks.
• Long-term consequences.
• Risk Reduction:
– Strategies; Behaviours.
3. What we‟ll go over…
•
•
•
•
Working with intoxication.
Why now? Again!
Community responses.
Supports & Resources.
4. Methamphetamine is a stimulant drug:
1. Yes.
2. No.
3. I‟m not sure.
80%
11%
1
2
9%
3
7. “Meth” irreversibly lowers a person’s
intelligence and impairs cognitive
functioning:
67%
1. Yes.
2. No.
3. I‟m not sure.
25%
Well... It’s more
complicated than
that...!!
8%
1
2
3
8. Carl Hart...
Associate Professor at Psychology & Psychiatry Department,
Columbia University, New York, NY
• Is Cognitive Functioning Impaired in
Methamphetamine Users? A Critical Review
Neuropsychopharmacology (2012) 37, 586–608;
doi:10.1038/npp.2011.276; published online 16 November 2011
Carl L Hart, Caroline B Marvin, Rae Silver and Edward E Smith
• Video: "Methamphetamine: tempering
hysteria with data" - Carl Hart
http://youtu.be/2wNS_aRxTqs
9. I know who this is:
58%
Walter White,
main character
1. Yes.in Breaking
2. No. Bad TV series.
30%
12%
3. I‟m not sure.
1
2
3
10. Methamphetamine use is going up
amongst high school students in Ontario:
1. Yes.
2. No.
3. I‟m not sure.
61%
36%
3%
1
2
3
11. Ontario Student
Drug Use & Health Survey
Survey of 9,288 Ontario students in grades 7 to 12
during the 2010-2011 school year.
http://www.camh.ca/en/research/news_and_publications/ontariostudent-drug-use-and-health-survey/Pages/default.aspx
*Remember this survey is administered IN SCHOOL, so
does not represent all youth in Ontario, and likely under
reports use.
18. Drug Treatment Numbers
• Only reflect people that actually made it to
treatment:
– geography; housing; mental health; stigma; types or
treatment available
• Do people honestly report all use stigma?
• More people in treatment does not necessarily
mean more people using.
– Long-term users presenting now?
• Are people voluntarily coming or being “forced”
(by courts/families)?
19. Methamphetamine contains:
1. Anhydrous Ammonia
79%
(fertilizer)
2. Red Phosphorus
(matchboxes)
3. Lithium (batteries)
4. All of the above.
5. None of the above.
Well... These are all used in the
production. “Good” pure meth
won’t actually contain these!
Often lots of impurities, especially
in “home-cooked” meth though.
7%
1
10%
3%
2
0%
3
4
5
20. What is methamphetamine?
• Stimulant.
• Amphetamine family:
– Amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS).
– Amphetamine first synthesized in 1887.
– Various versions over the years.
• Methamphetamine - more potent
amphetamine:
– Particularly strong stimulant;
– Potentially more “addictive”/problematic than
many other drugs (e.g., E, K, G)… but this varies
from individual to individual.
21.
22. Methamphetamine…
• Has been in Ontario for years.
• Not hard to find & relatively inexpensive.
• Local & International production:
– Individuals vs. Labs
• Canada now exports to other countries.
• Common names:
– Crystal; Meth; Tina; Tweak; Crank; Ice
– “Jib” (90‟s Toronto rave term)
23. How is it made?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
2 Boxes Contact 12 hour time released tablets
3 Bottles of Heet (antifreeze)
1 Bottle of Rubbing Alchohol
1 Gallon Muriatic Acid (Used for cleaning concrete)
1 Gallon of Coleman's Fuel
1 Gallon of Aceton
4 Bottles Iodine Tincture 2% (don't get the declorized it
won't work)
2 Bottles of Hydrogen peroxide
1 Can Red Devils Lye (sodium hydroxide)
4 Books Matches (try to get the ones with brown/red
striker pads)
2 gallons distilled water
= 2 - 3 grams of meth
30. How is it taken?
• Smoked (technically vaporized)
• Injected (“slamming”)
• Snorted
• Swallowed:
•As pills
•“Parachuting” (wrapped in paper)
• Inserted rectally (“booty bumping”)
• Smoking and injection appear to
be the most common ways.
31. Routes of Administration
Effects felt
•
•
•
•
Inject
Smoke
Snort / rectal
Swallow
< 2 mins
< 1 mins
5-10 mins
20-60 mins
Duration (one dose)
3-7 hrs
3-7 hrs
4-10 hrs
5-12 hrs
• Doses are repeated:
– Every 3 - 8 hrs (to stay awake)
– Every 0.5 - 4 hrs (to remain “high”)
• Half-life:
– How long it takes for half the drug to leave your body
– Very long = 12 hours
(cocaine = 2; mdma (ecstasy) = 4; ketamine = 1)
Intensity
of High /
Euphoric
Rush
32. How does it work?
• Stimulates CNS (acts like Adrenaline)
• Release of neurotransmitters
- Dopamine (pleasure / reward system)
- Norepinephrine (energy / alertness)
- Serotonin (mood / eat / sleep cycles)
• Ecstasy predominately serotonin
• Cocaine predominately dopamine
38. The Role of Dopamine
• While all stimulants release some dopamine,
crystal meth releases much larger amounts:
– Cocaine releases 400% more dopamine
– Crystal meth releases almost 1500% more
dopamine
39. FOOD
200
% of Basal DA Output
NAc shell
150
100
Empty
50
Box
Feeding
0
0
60
120
Time (min)
Source: Di Chiara et al.
180
40. 200
150
100
15
10
5
0
Scr Scr
Bas Female 1 Present
Sample
Number
1
2
3
4
5
Scr
Scr
Female 2 Present
6
7
8
9
10
Mounts
Intromissions
Ejaculations
Source: Fiorino and Phillips
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
Copulation Frequency
DA Concentration (% Baseline)
SEX
41. Effects of Drugs on Dopamine Release
Accumbens
1000
500
0
0
1
2
400
Accumbens
DA
DOPAC
HVA
300
200
100
Time After Cocaine
% of Basal Release
Time After Methamphetamine
250
Accumbens
Caudate
250
NICOTINE
200
150
100
COCAINE
0
3hr
% of Basal Release
% Basal Release
1500
% of Basal Release
METHAMPHETAMINE
Accumbens
ETHANOL
Dose (g/kg ip)
0.25
0.5
1
2.5
200
150
100
0
0
1
2
3 hr
Time After Nicotine
0
0
1
2
3
Time After Ethanol
Source: Shoblock and Sullivan; Di Chiara and Imperato
4hr
42. Immediate Physiological Effects
“What the drug is doing to the body.”
• Fight or Flight response…
• Increases heart rate & blood pressure:
– Your pulse will beat faster
• Raises body temperature:
– Feel warmer; Sweat more.
• Decreases appetite, sleep and pain
– You probably won‟t feel like eating; You may not get
hungry even if you are physically active when high
(like with sex or dancing)
43. Immediate Physiological Effects
“What the drug is doing to the body.”
• Decreases saliva; dry mouth; thirst.
• Enlarges pupils.
• Constricts blood vessels:
– Less blood will flow to the surface of the body so your
hands and feet may feel cold to the touch.
– Hard to get an erection.
• Jaw grinding/clenching
44. Short-Term Psychological &
Behavioural Effects
Remember: Effects vary with Drug, Set and Setting
• Increased sense of energy & wakefulness
• Increased mental focus
– Able to focus on a specific tasks “Tune things out”
– ADHD Adderall / Ritalin
• Increased libido & sexual confidence
– Get Horny; Experience “other forms of sex”
– Intensifies sexual experience & prolongs sex play
– Shame & Guilt; Body image
45. Short-Term Psychological &
Behavioural Effects
Remember: Effects vary with Drug, Set and Setting
• Decreased depression
– Things that bothered you seem more
manageable; Think less about the people, &
situations that hurt or upset you; Feel happier
or more content
• Decreased inhibitions (may or may not be
good)
46. Short-Term Risks
• Dehydration; heat stroke
• Stroke / heart attack (esp. if mixing drugs)
• Do something you regret
– Impaired judgment & decision making
regarding risks
• Infection
– Sharing snorting/smoking/injecting equipment
– Unsafe sex
• Oral abrasions
47. Short-Term Risks
• Missed medication doses
• Enlarged pupils (people maybe able tell
you‟re under the influence)
• Miss school/work if still high or crashing
• Heavy or extended “run”:
– Paranoia / psychosis
– Formication (feeling of bugs under the skin)
49. Withdrawal Symptoms
• Tolerance dependent.
• Symptoms can occur when use is stopped
abruptly.
– fatigue; long, disturbed periods of sleep; irritability;
intense hunger, and moderate to severe depression.
• People may hide or disappear for several days.
• Length and severity related to how much and
how often amphetamines were used.
• Sleep!! Eat!!
50. Long-Term Consequences
• Dependence
– psychological; non-life-threatening withdrawal
• Weight loss
– some people weight gain
• Poor dental hygiene
– “meth mouth” (similar is true of other drugs)
• Sinus infection/damage if snorting
• Skin irritations
• Strains on internal organs (esp. heart)
51. Long-Term Consequences
•
•
•
•
Mood / sleep disorders
Depression
Anxiety
Loss of sex drive or inability to have sex
without using
• Loss of finances; school; job; friends
• Isolation; loneliness
52.
53. Anhedonia / Depression:
Remember those post-synaptic receptors?
• Dendrite will “prune” receptor sites to account for constant
over-stimulation.
• Loss of receptors makes it harder to receive messages.
54. Brain & Early Recovery
• Tough scenario:
- Can‟t produce reward messages.
- Cravings because you want just “feel better”
or “feel normal”.
- Judgment centre in the frontal cortex has
been impaired
- can lead to poor decision making.
- This can all lead to using again or “relapse”.
55. Brain & Early Recovery
• Some damage can be permanent but, with
sustained non-use, people can “get
better”.
• Important to remind people of this.
• Brain plasticity:
– Brain can return to “normal” or find new ways
of coping.
– This may take several months, even years.
56. Staying Off Crystal
• “Contains thoughts and advice from many gay
and bisexual men who have walked this same
path before...or still walk it. We don’t claim to be
role models for perfect recovery. We’ve made
some mistakes, and we don’t have all the
answers. But we do offer hope and a belief that
you can make it!”
• Published by Seattle King County Public Health; adapted
by the AIDS Committee of Toronto:
http://www.actoronto.org/home.nsf/pages/act.docs.1770/$file/Stayin
g%20Off%20Crystal.pdf
57. Drug : Set : Setting
Upper/Downer/Hallucinogen/
Strength/Purity/Cost
DRUG
Experience
& Risks
Psychological
state/ Physical
size and health/
Reason(s) for
using/ Financial
situation
SET
SETTING
Physical
location/ Who
else is there/
Socio and
cultural norms
58. Drug : Set : Setting
Three interrelated factors affecting a person‟s
experiences and risks:
Drug
The drug, medication, pill being consumed.
Set
The person taking the substance.
Setting
The context in which it is taken.
59. Drug
What substance(s)?
• The specific pharmacology of the substance(s)
– Effects on physiology and neurochemistry.
– Half-life: How long does it take the body to eliminate it?
• How much is taken
– Potency.
– For some drugs you can take tiny amounts, others require a lot.
• How it is taken (route of administration) affects:
– How quickly the feeling “comes on”.
– How intense it feels.
– How long it lasts.
• Quality of illicit substances
– It may be hard to know what you‟re getting; the ingredients can include
anything. What are they cut with?
– A dealer may say a substance is one thing but sell something else.
– It may look like the stuff from last time but it might be stronger or
weaker, or have different ingredients.
60. Set
Who’s taking the substance?
•
•
•
•
•
•
Size and body weight.
Physical, mental, psychological state.
How tired you are.
Your mood before using.
Reason(s) for using.
Genetics.
– How does your body metabolize drugs?
• Experiences with this or other substances.
– Tolerance; Habituation; Sensitization
• Expectation, or anticipation, of how the substance will
feel or effect you.
• Did you eat recently if swallowing a drug?
• Are you using other substances at the same time?
61. Setting
What’s the context?
• Where are you?
– Alone; with friends; with strangers?
– Indoors or outdoors?
– Quite setting or lots of people and noise?
• What time of day?
• What type of music is playing?
• Rules and regulations.
– Community and social attitudes towards certain
substances or ways or taking them.
– The legal status of different substances.
62. Stereotypical Situations
•
•
•
•
•
Hetero male, 20, living on the streets
Gay male, 54, HIV+(15yrs)
Hetero female, 18, concerned with weight
Bi male, 21, likes clubbing all night
Hetero male, 36, long or late shifts
63. Risk Reduction
• Plan ahead before using; you may need a
few days to recover.
• Limit what you buy:
– The longer you are high, the rougher you‟ll
feel after.
• Smoking & injecting seem to be more
problematic.
• Try to avoid sharing equipment.
• Try to avoid mixing with other stimulant
drugs.
64. Risk Reduction
• Try to eat something while high:
– Protein shakes or fruit juices with healthy
supplements are better than nothing. Feed
your body the fuel it needs.
– Keep hydrated
• Use extra lube if having sex.
• Accept the comedown:
– Lack of sleep. Lack of food.
Physically/mentally exhausted.
• Spread out the use… not every week.
– Neurotransmitters take time rebuild.
65. Interactions With Meds
Many recreational drugs may be dangerous when combined with
prescription medications (including HIV meds), based on individual
case reports, and what we know about how the body processes these
drugs. Most interactions between recreational drugs and medications
have not been scientifically studied, nor are they likely to be, given that
most are illegal substances. However, people have shown through
experience that “safer partying / use” is possible, and there are some
specific tips that can help make drug use safer and healthier.
Drug Interaction Tables
Immunodeficiency Clinic
Toronto General Hospital
www.hivclinic.ca/main/drugs_interact.html
“Facts for Youth about mixing Medicine,
Booze and Street Drugs”
http://www.drugcocktails.ca/
66. Protease Inhibitors
• Caution is necessary if you are taking HIV medications
known as “protease inhibitors” (PIs)
• Actual risk assessments of individual situations are hard
to make.
• These often boost the levels of other drugs in the
bloodstream and body.
• If you take recreational drugs while you also taking a
protease inhibitor, you may end up with a stronger effect
than intended, or in an overdose situation.
• Consider taking a smaller dose than you used to before
you started PIs, or quarter or half of the dose that others
are using.
67. Intoxication: What to look for
• Signs of methamphetamine intoxication vary according to the
amount of methamphetamine (and other drugs) taken and can
include the following:
•
•
•
•
Clenched jaw, teeth grinding (bruxism)
Large (dilated) pupils
Sweatiness
Restlessness, agitation, pacing, repetitive
movements
68. Intoxication: What to look for
• Rapid or pressured speech:
– fast, loud and difficult-to-interrupt speech, or jumping
from one topic to another
• Impulsivity or recklessness.
• Suspiciousness or paranoia.
• Anger, irritability, hostility, particularly if it is out
of character.
69. Responding to an Intoxicated Person
• Aims of responding:
– Maintain a calm environment;
– Reduce the chance they become angry or hostile;
– Promote a positive and helpful interaction.
• Remember
– An intoxicated person has impaired judgment and will
probably see the interaction differently to you.
70. What You Should Do
• Maintain a calm, nonjudgmental, respectful
approach.
• Allow the person more personal space than
usual.
• Try to steer the person to an area that is less
stimulating:
– Move away from other people, bright lights and loud
sounds or music.
– Ensure that the client and worker both have an easily
accessible exit.
71. What You Should Do
• Listen and respond promptly to needs or
requests:
– “I hear what you are saying, so let me see what I can
do to help.”
• Use clear communication
– Short sentences, repetition, and ask for clarification if
you are unsure what is said.
– “I really want to help, but I‟m not sure what you need.
Please tell me again.”
72. What You Should Do
• Move around with the person to continue
communication if necessary.
• Have written information available for the person
to take away.
• Provide opportunistic, relevant, brief
interventions if you are able.
73. What You Should Not Do
• Don‟t argue and don‟t use „no‟ messages.
– If you cannot provide what they are asking for, be
clear about what you can provide.
• Don‟t take the person‟s behaviour or any
criticisms personally.
• Do not ask a lot of questions:
– Ask only what is necessary to respond to the
situation;
– The person will have a low tolerance for frustration or
questioning.
74. What You Should Not Do
• Don‟t undertake a lengthy interview or try
to counsel the person:
– If the person has presented for assessment
or counselling, inform him or her that you
cannot continue if he or she is intoxicated and
agree to make a future appointment.
– ??? May want to stay engaged with the
person.
75. Resource Guide
• Treatment Approaches for Users of
Methamphetamine: A Practical Guide for
Frontline Workers. Jenner L and Lee N
(2008). Australian Government
Department of Health and Ageing,
Canberra
• http://www.nationaldrugstrategy.gov.au/internet/drugstrat
egy/Publishing.nsf/content/8D2E281FAC2346BBCA257
64D007D2D3A/$File/tremeth.pdf
76. Generations…
• World War II
– German, British, US, Japanese troops
• 1960‟s
– Speed Freaks!; Speed Kills!
• 1990‟s
– TRIP! Toronto Raves…”jib”
• tweaker.org
– San Francisco
– 1997
• Popculture
– Law and Order episodes
– Fergie from Black Eyed Peas
– Breaking Bad
“Crissy”
77. Recent years…
• Production:
– Internet: buy/sell/import; “how to make” instructions
– Local vs. imported
– Strength & purity have gone up
• pre-cursor restrictions
• Sub-populations
– Oxycontin Removal
• How it‟s used:
–
–
–
–
Swallow
Bump: nasal / anal
Inject
Smoke/Inhale
“get off” /
addiction
78. Recent years…
• Price point:
– Dealer preference vs. cocaine / ecstasy
• Element of organized crime pushing use:
– Mexican cartels in U.S.; Biker gangs in
Thunder Bay; Ecstasy producers in Toronto
• “Mental health” of communities & nation
– Consider economic & wartime status (esp. in
U.S.)
• The “in” drug for the media…
79. Media
• “Meth explosion!”
– Occasional spikes in endemic use
– Media portray horror stories and often neglect history
• “More addictive than crack and heroin!”
– Different drugs are more/less addictive for different
people.
– However, use can be more problematic than many
other drugs.
• “One hit and you‟re hooked!”
– Simply not true!
• Continue to feed mis-information and hysteria.
• Has become ingrained in “Pop-Culture”…
83. FALSE ALERT! There is
absolutely no evidence of
this and the email has been
showing up in email inboxes
for years now!
84. Different approaches
• Fear and abstinence based “education”
• Punishment > Support or Treatment
• Harm reduction and pragmatic information
• Support or Treatment > Punishment
85.
86.
87. Hi! My Name Is Tina.com
• Comprehensive web-based:
–
–
–
–
–
Accurate information
Non-judgemental and harm reduction
Practical strategies
Supports and resources
Toronto specific
• Utilize and adapt existing info (e.g.,
tweaker.org, knowcrystal.org, crystalneon).
88.
89. Keep it in check… STILL!
• People always have and likely always will
experience serious meth related concerns.
• Meth is not be the problem, but the result of:
– Loneliness; socializing; self-esteem; body image;
energy
– Mental Health
– HIV
• depression; libido; psychosocial impacts of early AIDS
days
90. Keep it in check…
• “As long as I‟m not doing meth…”
• One concerning major shift…
… ongoing concern
91. Keep it in check…
• Political Climate – especially at the
Federal level in Canada.
• Funding
– Education: Prevention and Harm Reduction
– Treatment
– Law Enforcement
• Balance of Federal Drug Strategy:
Justice > others
92.
93. Keep it in check…
• Methamphetamine isn‟t new and will
always be around.
• We must compare and contrast
communities and sub-populations.
• We need to try and increase the transfer
of generational knowledge and
experiences.
• Ongoing mis-information in the media.
94. Existing Supports (Ontario)
•
DART (info about treatment)
– www.dart.on.ca
– 1.800.565.8603
– 24 hrs; anonymous; confidential
•
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH)
– Assessment: 416.535.8501 X 6616
•
Rainbow Services – CAMH (LGBT addictions counselling)
– Weekly meetings; 3 week sessions; (Meth specific group)
– 416.535.8501 x 6784
•
Find a Needle Exchange
http://www.ohrdp.ca/find-a-needle-syringe-program/
95. Resources for Gay Men
• While the following website were generally created for
gay men, by gay men, there is useful (and good)
information for anyone.
• Prevention and safer using info for gay men
– himynameistina.com (Toronto based meth site)
– knowcrystal.org
– tweaker.org
– crystalneon.org
– torontovibe.com (ACT‟s party drug page)
– erowid.org (all about every drug)
• erowid.org/chemicals/meth/meth.shtml (specifically
crystal meth)
– tripproject.ca (info for youth in the “rave” scene)
96.
97. Contact Us
Nick Boyce, Provincial Director
nboyce@ohsutp.ca
CC Sapp, Provincial Trainer
ccsapp@ohsutp.ca
490 Sherbourne St., 2nd Floor
Toronto, ON M4X 1K9
1-866-591-0347 (toll free)
416-703-7348 (t)
www.ohsutp.ca