Metabolic functions occur in the cytosol and mitochondria of cells, as they produce energy and components essential for life through aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Aerobic respiration breaks down glucose in the presence of oxygen to produce the most ATP. It occurs through glycolysis in the cytosol, the Krebs cycle in the mitochondria, and the electron transport chain, which creates an ion gradient to produce additional ATP. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen using alternative electron acceptors to still break down glucose through similar steps but producing less ATP.

2. Why/Where do metabolic functions occur? We have metabolic functions within our bodies and cells because they produce energy and fundamental components essential to human life. Metabolic Functions occur in the cytosol and the mitochondria.

3. Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic: Without oxygen; with lactic acid. Mainly used by bacteria that live in places devoid of oxygen. The three main steps of cell respiration are still used, just without oxygen Final electron acceptor still functions but replaces oxygen with sulfate (SO4) nitrate (NO3) and sulfur (S)

4. Aerobic Respiration Aerobic: With oxygen. Breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water in the presence of oxygen. Most productive pathway of cellular respiration Produces 34 ATP molecules

5. Adenosine Triphosphate More commonly known as ATP. ATP is synthesized and used in: Glycolysis Electron Transport Chain The Krebs Cycle (The Citric Acid Cycle) All of these functions make up both Aerobic and Anaerobic respiration within a cell.

6. Glycolysis Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol, the liquid portion of cytoplasm. Products: 2 ATP, 2 NADH, 2 Pyruvate Molecules Glycolysis is the process that converts glucose to pyruvate. http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =x-stLxqPt6E

7. The Krebs Cycle Aerobic respiration. In eukaryotic cells, this occurs in the mitochondrion. Products: 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 2 CO2, 1 QH2 http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =aCypoN3X7KQ

9. Electron Transport Chain Process: Special carrier molecules bring the high-energy electrons to a series of enzymes that convert remaining energy to more ATP molecules Products: Heat and H 2 O Creation of hydrogen ion gradient http:// www.youtube.com/watch?v =Idy2XAlZIVA

10. Electron Transport System: