Webinar 2: Matching Access to Risk
When: May 27, 2021 @ 1:00pm – 2:30pm EST
Toon Digneffe, Head EU Public Affairs & Public Policy, Takeda Slides. Early Access & RWE: building trust and reducing
stakeholder uncertainties – a European perspective
Matching Access to Risk, but Who Pays? Who decides how much risk to accept with a new medicine? How does each stakeholder make that decision? The developer balances availability and ROI. The regulatory makes a population benefit-risk calculation. The clinician compares an unknown drug with known benefits-risks. The payer introduces a third trade-off, cost. And the patient who literally has the most at risk often has the least say.
A panel will deliberate on ways to introduce, manage, and sustain access to medicines that are matched to the types and levels of “risk?” When should managed access programs be used, or not? When do you need bigger, longer, broader clinic trials, and when should we rely on “real-world” data? How can genomic profiling target individuals with highly precise medications? How can blockchain technology and artificial intelligence be used to improve treatment algorithms and cost-effective use?
This powerpoint was presented by WSP Senior Sanitation and Hygiene Specialist, Yolande Coombes,during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "Global and Africa Experience in Scaling Up Rural Sanitation" session.
This session provided guidance to policy makers and programmers by sharing evidence, recent results and lessons regarding how to scale up effective and promising approaches such as CLTS and Sanitation Marketing.
NHSIQ LTC Year of Care Commissioning Programme shortlisted for HSJ Awards 2014:
HSJ Awards Dragon’s Den presentation on enhancing care by sharing data and information
More at: http://www.nhsiq.nhs.uk/improvement-programmes/long-term-conditions-and-integrated-care.aspx
With patient responsibility becoming an increasing part of clinics AR, you need to make sure you have an effective strategy in place. Learn how to maximize your collections without negatively impacting your relationships with your patients.
Webinar 2: Matching Access to Risk
When: May 27, 2021 @ 1:00pm – 2:30pm EST
Toon Digneffe, Head EU Public Affairs & Public Policy, Takeda Slides. Early Access & RWE: building trust and reducing
stakeholder uncertainties – a European perspective
Matching Access to Risk, but Who Pays? Who decides how much risk to accept with a new medicine? How does each stakeholder make that decision? The developer balances availability and ROI. The regulatory makes a population benefit-risk calculation. The clinician compares an unknown drug with known benefits-risks. The payer introduces a third trade-off, cost. And the patient who literally has the most at risk often has the least say.
A panel will deliberate on ways to introduce, manage, and sustain access to medicines that are matched to the types and levels of “risk?” When should managed access programs be used, or not? When do you need bigger, longer, broader clinic trials, and when should we rely on “real-world” data? How can genomic profiling target individuals with highly precise medications? How can blockchain technology and artificial intelligence be used to improve treatment algorithms and cost-effective use?
This powerpoint was presented by WSP Senior Sanitation and Hygiene Specialist, Yolande Coombes,during AfricaSan 3 (Kigali, Rwanda - 2011) under the "Global and Africa Experience in Scaling Up Rural Sanitation" session.
This session provided guidance to policy makers and programmers by sharing evidence, recent results and lessons regarding how to scale up effective and promising approaches such as CLTS and Sanitation Marketing.
NHSIQ LTC Year of Care Commissioning Programme shortlisted for HSJ Awards 2014:
HSJ Awards Dragon’s Den presentation on enhancing care by sharing data and information
More at: http://www.nhsiq.nhs.uk/improvement-programmes/long-term-conditions-and-integrated-care.aspx
With patient responsibility becoming an increasing part of clinics AR, you need to make sure you have an effective strategy in place. Learn how to maximize your collections without negatively impacting your relationships with your patients.
Maureen Tumusiime Bakunzi, Assistant Commissioner of Policy Implementation an...SUN_Movement
Maureen Tumusiime Bakunzi, Assistant Commissioner of Policy Implementation and Coordination Office of the Prime Minister and SUN Government Focal Point, Uganda
Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA) : country progress and key lessonsMeTApresents
This presentation shares the progress to date of the pilot phase of the Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA) and was given by Wilbert Banneberg, Technical Director of the International MeTA Secretariat at the launch of MeTA Jordan in May 2009
Sets out the five core principles which guide the operation of the Medicines Transparency Alliance (MeTA) in efforts to increase transparency, accountability and governance around the supply of essential medicines.
MeTA pilot countries support needs and recommendationsMeTApresents
An overview of MeTA pilot countries support needs and recommendations, a presentation by Elodie Brandamir, MeTA Operations Director during the MeTA countries sharing meeting, London 2009
Presentation on Concept and structure of MeTA by Wilbert Bannenberg, MeTA Technical Director during the MeTA Country Sharing Meeting, London, 8 December 2009.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Adv. biopharm. APPLICATION OF PHARMACOKINETICS : TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSAkankshaAshtankar
MIP 201T & MPH 202T
ADVANCED BIOPHARMACEUTICS & PHARMACOKINETICS : UNIT 5
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The Gram stain is a fundamental technique in microbiology used to classify bacteria based on their cell wall structure. It provides a quick and simple method to distinguish between Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, which have different susceptibilities to antibiotics
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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