Mercator Ocean achieved several goals in 2014 to strengthen its core operational oceanography business:
1) It expanded its portfolio of reanalysis products and developed upgraded real-time production systems for Copernicus.
2) It produced the first results from new high-resolution and biogeochemistry systems developed in 2013.
3) It prioritized providing reactive support services to partners through operational systems, validation work, and research projects.
The annual report summarizes Mercator Ocean's activities and achievements in 2013. It highlights Mercator Ocean's commitment to constantly improving the reliability of its operational oceanography systems and products through daily investments such as consolidating tools and methods, securing input data, controlling budgets, and ensuring the robustness of operational systems. When disruptions occur, such as the decommissioning of a satellite, Mercator Ocean is able to respond quickly, as demonstrated by replacing data from Jason-1 with data from the new AltiKa altimeter within one month. The report also provides an overview of Mercator Ocean's work on innovation, improving products, looking ahead, and creating value for its partnerships and projects.
Mercator Ocean upgraded its ocean analysis and forecasting systems in 2010 to meet requirements for the GMES Marine service. A new 1/12 degree global system and 1/36 degree regional system for the northeast Atlantic were implemented. Product quality monitoring was improved through regular validation bulletins. A 17-year global ocean reanalysis at 1/4 degree resolution was also produced, incorporating more observations and model improvements. These system upgrades increased scientific performance and positioned Mercator Ocean as the coordinator of the MyOcean service.
In order to improve the understanding of the Copernicus Marine Environment Service by the general public and potential tenderers, Mercator Ocean is organising webcasts where we allow participants to interact with our Experts. This presentation was shared during the first session last February 6th 2015. Visit this page for more information: http://mercator-ocean.fr/actualites-agenda/actualites/actualite-Copernicus-Marine-Service-Open-Information
This paper summarizes research comparing the simulation of ocean eddies in Mercator Ocean's 1/12 degree global ocean model to observations from altimetric data. The model is able to represent meso-scale eddy activity globally, capturing the main patterns of eddy kinetic energy. Specifically, the paper examines six key eddy formation regions and finds generally good agreement between the number of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies simulated by the model and observed by satellites. The model performs particularly well in reproducing eddy statistics in the Leeuwing Current, Kuroshio, and Sargasso Sea.
Greetings all,
What does your imagination tell you when you think about the Austral Ocean ? Perhaps this place reminds you of the “Roaring
Forties” and the “Screaming fifties”, the drift of the icebergs, the only passage free of ice to go around the earth, an inhospitable
area, the Antarctic continent, penguins… Actually, the Austral Ocean is a keystone for the interocean exchanges of heat,
freshwater and anthropogenic tracers: it is the meeting point of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It also plays a key role in
the global carbon cycle.
This issue is dedicated to this particular place. It will present to us some of the important oceanographic projects concerning the
Austral Ocean: Flostral, Survostral, GoodHope, the Drake Campaign and analysis done to better understand its dynamic and its
role from model (Drakkar project, …) and observations (ARGO, dedicated campaigns, satellite data sets, …).
The first article, written by Pouget & al., focuses on the performances of one of the global Mercator 1/4° model (PSY3v1) at
Drake Passage by comparing it with in situ data gathered from R.V Polarsten in 2006.
The second one, from Le Sommer & al., presents an overview of some results obtained on the Southern Ocean processes and
climate variability through the use of the Drakkar hierarchy of ocean/ice models.
The next one explains what the Survostral and Flostral projects are and it gathers some results deduced from the data collected
during these campaigns. Authors of this article are Salle JB and Morrow R.
The last one, written by Speich S. and Arhan M., presents the GoodHope project and summarizes some results of the work
done from the hydrographic data sets obtained in the scope of this project.
In this issue, we would also like to approach a central topic on the future of operational oceanography: MyOcean: part of the
GMES European Projet. This subject is introduced in the News pages by Pierre Bahurel.
I hope you enjoy this issue.
Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian project generator focused on managing exploration risk through multiple early stage projects in Europe and Africa. In Serbia, it has two joint ventures, including the Timok project with Freeport-McMoRan where drilling has discovered a large copper-gold system. Reservoir is also exploring for gold in Cameroon and Gabon through soil sampling, trenching and drilling. The company is well funded with $16 million in treasury and seeks to introduce partners to advance projects after initial value creation.
The annual report summarizes Mercator Ocean's activities and achievements in 2013. It highlights Mercator Ocean's commitment to constantly improving the reliability of its operational oceanography systems and products through daily investments such as consolidating tools and methods, securing input data, controlling budgets, and ensuring the robustness of operational systems. When disruptions occur, such as the decommissioning of a satellite, Mercator Ocean is able to respond quickly, as demonstrated by replacing data from Jason-1 with data from the new AltiKa altimeter within one month. The report also provides an overview of Mercator Ocean's work on innovation, improving products, looking ahead, and creating value for its partnerships and projects.
Mercator Ocean upgraded its ocean analysis and forecasting systems in 2010 to meet requirements for the GMES Marine service. A new 1/12 degree global system and 1/36 degree regional system for the northeast Atlantic were implemented. Product quality monitoring was improved through regular validation bulletins. A 17-year global ocean reanalysis at 1/4 degree resolution was also produced, incorporating more observations and model improvements. These system upgrades increased scientific performance and positioned Mercator Ocean as the coordinator of the MyOcean service.
In order to improve the understanding of the Copernicus Marine Environment Service by the general public and potential tenderers, Mercator Ocean is organising webcasts where we allow participants to interact with our Experts. This presentation was shared during the first session last February 6th 2015. Visit this page for more information: http://mercator-ocean.fr/actualites-agenda/actualites/actualite-Copernicus-Marine-Service-Open-Information
This paper summarizes research comparing the simulation of ocean eddies in Mercator Ocean's 1/12 degree global ocean model to observations from altimetric data. The model is able to represent meso-scale eddy activity globally, capturing the main patterns of eddy kinetic energy. Specifically, the paper examines six key eddy formation regions and finds generally good agreement between the number of cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies simulated by the model and observed by satellites. The model performs particularly well in reproducing eddy statistics in the Leeuwing Current, Kuroshio, and Sargasso Sea.
Greetings all,
What does your imagination tell you when you think about the Austral Ocean ? Perhaps this place reminds you of the “Roaring
Forties” and the “Screaming fifties”, the drift of the icebergs, the only passage free of ice to go around the earth, an inhospitable
area, the Antarctic continent, penguins… Actually, the Austral Ocean is a keystone for the interocean exchanges of heat,
freshwater and anthropogenic tracers: it is the meeting point of the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. It also plays a key role in
the global carbon cycle.
This issue is dedicated to this particular place. It will present to us some of the important oceanographic projects concerning the
Austral Ocean: Flostral, Survostral, GoodHope, the Drake Campaign and analysis done to better understand its dynamic and its
role from model (Drakkar project, …) and observations (ARGO, dedicated campaigns, satellite data sets, …).
The first article, written by Pouget & al., focuses on the performances of one of the global Mercator 1/4° model (PSY3v1) at
Drake Passage by comparing it with in situ data gathered from R.V Polarsten in 2006.
The second one, from Le Sommer & al., presents an overview of some results obtained on the Southern Ocean processes and
climate variability through the use of the Drakkar hierarchy of ocean/ice models.
The next one explains what the Survostral and Flostral projects are and it gathers some results deduced from the data collected
during these campaigns. Authors of this article are Salle JB and Morrow R.
The last one, written by Speich S. and Arhan M., presents the GoodHope project and summarizes some results of the work
done from the hydrographic data sets obtained in the scope of this project.
In this issue, we would also like to approach a central topic on the future of operational oceanography: MyOcean: part of the
GMES European Projet. This subject is introduced in the News pages by Pierre Bahurel.
I hope you enjoy this issue.
Reservoir Minerals is a Canadian project generator focused on managing exploration risk through multiple early stage projects in Europe and Africa. In Serbia, it has two joint ventures, including the Timok project with Freeport-McMoRan where drilling has discovered a large copper-gold system. Reservoir is also exploring for gold in Cameroon and Gabon through soil sampling, trenching and drilling. The company is well funded with $16 million in treasury and seeks to introduce partners to advance projects after initial value creation.
This document provides a summary of a pilot marine spatial plan for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters area off the northern coast of Scotland. The plan was developed by a working group consisting of Marine Scotland, Orkney Islands Council and Highland Council. The plan establishes a vision, objectives and policy framework to guide sustainable development and use of the marine environment while protecting environmental quality. It is intended to inform future statutory regional marine planning for the areas. The plan covers territorial waters out to 12 nautical miles from Orkney and the Caithness and Sutherland coastlines.
Greetings all,
By the end of April 2008, the final meeting of the MERSEA European Project set up in Paris, in the Institut Océanographique.
The aim of the project was to develop a European system for operational monitoring and forecasting on global and regional scales
of the ocean physics, biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
It was surely a challenge to get together many different partners to build the future European operational oceanography of
tomorrow. It was also a challenge for the MERSEA teams to demonstrate their capacity to collect, validate and assimilate remote
sensed and in situ data into ocean circulation models, to interpolate in time and space for uniform coverage, to run nowcasting
(i.e. data synthesis in real-time), forecasting, and hind-casting, and to deliver information products. The project also had to
develop marine applications addressing the needs of both intermediate and end-users, whether institutional or from the private
sector
This Newsletter collects some of the many results obtained during this project. Several aspects are tackled: global and regional
forecasting systems, observations, and applications.
The News is written by the Coordinator of the Project, Yves Desaubies. He draws MERSEA results up.
In a first article, Marie Drévillon et al. present the MERSEA/Mercator-Ocean V2 global ocean analysis and forecasting system. In a
second one, Hervé Roquet et al. describe L3 and L4 high resolution SST products. The next article, written by Bruce Hackett et
al., focuses on Oil spill applications. The article of John Siddorn et al. closes the issue by a description of the development of a
North-East Atlantic tidal NEMO system.
Enjoy your reading!
Terra et Aqua 143 (journal - dredging related articles)Renato Rauwerda
Contains the following articles: "Challenge in Logistics: New Suez Canal Project"; "Safety in Mooring" and "How Clear Communications Benefit Dredging Projects".
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is dedicated to regional and coastal oceanography. We review in this issue the impressive work
recently done towards regional to coastal modelling with nesting and open boundary procedures as well as imbrications of
models of increasing resolution and complexity. Moreover, regional and coastal systems have now reached an operational level
and are delivering real time forecast in various areas.
After an introduction by Obaton reminding us of the challenging European and French programs dealing with regional/coastal
oceanography, this issue displays six scientific articles. Chanut et al. are starting with a paper describing the Mercator Ocean
regional system embracing the French Atlantic coast with a 1/36° horizontal resolution. Marsaleix et a l. are then writing about
the North Western Mediterranean Sea system which is currently upgraded in the framework of the ECOOP program. Next paper
by Riflet et al. is dealing with operational ocean forecasting of the Portuguese waters using the Mercator Ocean North Atlantic
high resolution solution at its boundaries. Lecornu et al. are following with an article about the PREVIMER operational MARS
system in the Bay of Biscay. Marchesiello et al. are then describing the effort conducted at IRD in order to provide the
developing countries with tools for operational regional marine forecast. At last, Reffray et al. tell us how the MARS,
SYMPHONIE and NEMO/OPA systems intercompare over the Bay of Biscay during the year 2004.
We wish you a pleasant reading, and we will meet again in October 2008, with a newsletter dedicated to the international
GODAE project, which will hold its final meeting in Nice on November 12-15 2008 (http://www.godae.org/announcement-II.html).
Moreover, let us also remind you that our annual operational oceanography group meeting (Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis,
GMMC) will take place on October 13 to 15 2008 in Toulouse (MétéoFrance site). We are looking forward to tell you about our
ongoing progress here at Mercator Ocean, and to hear about yours.
New Connections II version 2 Marine InstituteEoin Molloy
Irish marine research groups participated successfully in 210 EU-funded marine projects from 2007-2013, receiving over €70 million in grant funding. The majority of funding (43%) went to higher education institutions, while SMEs received 29% despite only being eligible for certain programs. Irish participants collaborated with partners from 67 countries, predominantly neighboring countries and others on the Atlantic. Typical grant levels per Irish partner ranged from €100,000 to €500,000, though some exceeded €1 million, with the largest grants from the FP7 and INTERREG programs.
Greetings all,
Once a year in April, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a common newsletter. Papers are dedicated to observations only.
• The first paper introducing this issue is presenting the Coriolis 2014-2020 framework which was renewed in 2014 in order to go on integrating in-situ ocean observation infrastructure for operational oceanography and ocean/climate research.
• Next paper by Poffa et al. describes how some Argo floats are deployed by the sailing community, through ship-based non-governmental organization or trans-oceanic races. It allows Argo floats to be deployed in poorly sampled areas where there is no regular shipping. Sailors got also involved in oceanographic science activities. An example of float deployment is given in the case of the Barcelona World Race.
• Next paper by Pouliquen et al. describes the EURO-ARGO ERIC infrastructure which is now officially set-up since May 2014. The objective of the Euro-Argo ERIC is to organize a long term European contribution to the international Argo array of profiling floats.
• Le Traon et al. are then presenting how the assessment of the impact of ARGO in Ocean models and satellite validation is conducted in the context of E-AIMS (Euro-Argo improvements for the GMES/Copernicus Marine Service) FP7 project. Observing System Evaluations and Observing System Simulation Experiments have been conducted to quantify the contribution of Argo to constrain global and regional monitoring and forecasting centers and validate satellite observations. Recommendations for the new phase of Argo are also elaborated.
• Kolodziejczyk et al. follow with the presentation of the complementarity of ARGO and SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observations to help monitoring SSS variability from basin to meso scale. Using a 4-year time-series of SMOS SSS data and the global Argo array of in situ measurements, a statistical approach and an optimal interpolation method are used to characterize biases and reduce noises. Results are promising and show strong complementarity between SMOS and Argo data.
• Herbert et al. then describe Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (SADCP) observations which are carried out in the Tropical Atlantic during yearly cruises in the framework of the PIRATA program. The present note displays the SADCP data processing methodology applied for 8 PIRATA cruises by using CASCADE software.
• Cravatte et al. follow with a paper presenting the new international TPOS2020 project (2014-2020). The project objective is to build a renewed, integrated, internationally-coordinated and sustainable observing system in the Tropical Pacific, meeting both the needs of climate research and operational forecasting systems and learning lessons from the great success-and finally partial collapse- of the TAO/TRITON array.
• Saout-Grit et al. next present an updated procedure for CTD-oxygen calibration along with new
The Blue Planet mission coordinates various marine initiatives within GEO to raise awareness of the oceans' role in the Earth system and their impacts on humanity. It advocates for a global ocean observing network to provide societal benefits like improved safety, sustainably managed coasts, and climate adaptation. Blue Planet builds on existing programs and aims to identify synergies, link data to applications, and connect to relevant policies. It focuses on sustained ocean observations, developing capacity and awareness, ocean forecasting services, coastal zone services, ocean climate and carbon observations.
ZAL Port is a logistics platform established in Barcelona in 1992 as part of infrastructure development for the 1992 Olympics. It has become a highly successful model that is recognized internationally. In 2015, ZAL Port achieved its best economic performance with over €41.8 million in revenue and a 97% occupancy rate in warehouses. ZAL Port prioritizes sustainable practices such as solar panels, LED lighting, and obtaining environmental certifications.
This status report presents the progress made to date towards the goals set out in the SUBMARINER Roadmap. It reflects action taken on key issues requiring joint effort in the Baltic Sea Region in order to enhance blue-green growth while sus- taining and improving its natural capital and, in particular, the Baltic Sea itself. In reference to the SUBMARINER Roadmap, this review surveys the most important strategic advances and remaining issues to be addressed in a broad range of initiatives.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-border planning in Adriatic Ionian MSP, ADRIPLAN project by Francesco Musco, University IUAV of Venice
29 September Riga, Latvia
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Summary:
ICE ARC Project
ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES
IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: THE EUROPEAN ACCESS PROGRAMME (2011-2015)
THE YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION (YOPP): CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
IN ICE-OCEAN FORECASTING
IAOOS (ICE - ATMOSPHERE - ARCTIC OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM, 2011-2019)
SEA ICE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING WITH GLOSEA5
RECENT PROGRESS IN SEA ICE DATA ASSIMILATION AT ENVIRONMENT CANADA
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IMPACTING THE SEA ICE IN THE MERCATOR OCÉAN GLOBAL ¼° CONFIGURATION
PARAMETERIZATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS OVER POLAR SEA ICE FOR CLIMATE MODELS
A MAXWELL-ELASTO-BRITTLE RHEOLOGY FOR SEA ICE MODELING
With the adoption in April and the launch of S1A, the European Programme for Earth Observation, Copernicus, will deliver European information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in-situ data analyses. It is the first time that vast amounts of global data from satellites and from ground-based, airborne and seaborne measurement systems are being used to provide information to help service providers, public authorities and other international organisations improve the quality of life for the citizens of Europe. The information services provided will be freely and openly accessible to users.
The services address six thematic areas: land, marine, atmosphere, climate change, emergency management and security.
Copernicus Services support a broad range of environmental and security applications, including sustainable development, transport and mobility, climate change monitoring, civil protection, urban area management, regional and local planning, agriculture and health.
The wealth of space based data is an important opportunity to develop innovative space applications. Copernicus Services will have to evolve to remain in tune with the state-of-art, adjusting to user's requirement and new developments need. Thanks to H2020, the Europe's research Programme, this will be guaranteed.
The UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership project aims to continue efforts to reduce pollution in the Mediterranean Sea and protect biodiversity through implementing strategic action programs. It involves 12 countries working with UNEP/MAP and the World Bank over multiple components including regional projects, investment funds, and demonstration projects. The project seeks to advance policy and legal reforms, fill knowledge gaps, and help implement integrated coastal zone management plans. Initial results include workshops training over 200 practitioners and reductions in water use and pollution loads at demonstration sites.
The annual report summarizes Water Europe's activities from 2018-2019. It highlights the organization's vision of achieving a water-smart society through collaboration, advocacy, and innovation. Key events included successful Water Market Europe, Water Innovation Europe, and Water Knowledge Europe conferences. New international water dialogues were also initiated. Working groups addressed important water challenges and new groups were launched on topics like water and climate. Advocacy efforts focused on Horizon Europe funding and raising the profile of water issues. The report outlines Water Europe's structure, programs, and achievements in driving progress toward a more sustainable water future.
Bourbon Corporation is a world leader in offshore marine services. It provides vessels and offshore marine services to oil and gas companies. The presentation discusses Bourbon's history, fleet, activities, clients, and strategy to transform the business. Bourbon has a modern fleet of 500 offshore vessels and aims to grow beyond 2015 through an "asset smart" strategy that includes selling vessels while continuing to operate them through long-term charters. This will reduce debt while maintaining operations.
Marine Knowledge Meeting, 11-12 Oct 2012, Brussels: JPI Healthy and Productiv...saragara3
Rudy Herman, Flemish Government of Belgium and Angell-Hansen Katherine, JPI Oceans - The Research Council of Norway, gave the presentation: JPI Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans - A New Frontier at the Marine Knowledge All Projects meeting held on the 11-12 October 2012 in Brussels.
Climate Change is both a disruption, and opens opportunities in the Arctic: an integrated EU policy for the Arctic.
Copernicus is a key tool for the EU Arctic policy, but dedicated capabilities are needed:EU’s Polar Expert Group (PEG) reports.
The polar components of the Copernicus Services must be brought forward, taking into account stakeholders needs: EU KEPLER starts Jan. 2019, www.kepler-polar.eu.
The document discusses two projects in Egypt: the Alexandria Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project and the Pollution Reduction Measures for Lake Maryute Project. It provides details on project components, objectives, status updates, and monitoring plans. The overall goal is to reduce water pollution entering the Mediterranean Sea from Lake Maryute through coastal zone planning, institutional capacity building, and small-scale pollution reduction interventions.
RINA@WORK is the newsletter from RINA GROUP.
This issue is a specific focus on the lastest activities of RINA GROUP in the Cruise & Ferry and Offshore fields.
RESULTS OF A WORKING GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION CONSISTING OF REPRESEN...Cláudio Carneiro
This document discusses the challenges of managing estuaries and coastal zones, which are ecologically important habitats but also locations for expanding port activities. It established a working group to provide guidance on applying nature directives like the Habitats and Birds Directives to port development projects. The group aimed to enhance information sharing on managing ports and Natura 2000 network sites, and provide general guidance on applying nature laws in estuaries and coastal areas used for ports. The document outlines the ecological value and economic importance of these areas, as well as the increasing demands for shipping capacity. It notes the potential conflicts between protecting habitats under EU environmental laws while also seeking to expand port infrastructure under transport and economic policies.
The document showcases oceanographic products from the Met Office including surface ocean currents from November 14th 2020, significant wave height from a storm on December 27th 2020, surface chlorophyll concentration from March 2nd 2020, and sea surface height from January 1st 2021. These products visualize measurements and conditions of the physical, biological, and chemical properties of the ocean.
The document describes three Mediterranean Sea model products from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS):
1) A physical model (MED-PHY) using a hydrodynamic model and data assimilation to provide daily sea level and circulation analyses and forecasts at 1/24 degree resolution with 141 vertical levels.
2) A biogeochemical model (MED-BIO) integrating satellite and in-situ observations with a biogeochemical model to provide chlorophyll analyses, reanalyses, and forecasts.
3) A wave model (MED-WAV) providing daily wave analyses and forecasts as well as hindcasts for the Mediterranean Sea.
This document provides a summary of a pilot marine spatial plan for the Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters area off the northern coast of Scotland. The plan was developed by a working group consisting of Marine Scotland, Orkney Islands Council and Highland Council. The plan establishes a vision, objectives and policy framework to guide sustainable development and use of the marine environment while protecting environmental quality. It is intended to inform future statutory regional marine planning for the areas. The plan covers territorial waters out to 12 nautical miles from Orkney and the Caithness and Sutherland coastlines.
Greetings all,
By the end of April 2008, the final meeting of the MERSEA European Project set up in Paris, in the Institut Océanographique.
The aim of the project was to develop a European system for operational monitoring and forecasting on global and regional scales
of the ocean physics, biogeochemistry and ecosystems.
It was surely a challenge to get together many different partners to build the future European operational oceanography of
tomorrow. It was also a challenge for the MERSEA teams to demonstrate their capacity to collect, validate and assimilate remote
sensed and in situ data into ocean circulation models, to interpolate in time and space for uniform coverage, to run nowcasting
(i.e. data synthesis in real-time), forecasting, and hind-casting, and to deliver information products. The project also had to
develop marine applications addressing the needs of both intermediate and end-users, whether institutional or from the private
sector
This Newsletter collects some of the many results obtained during this project. Several aspects are tackled: global and regional
forecasting systems, observations, and applications.
The News is written by the Coordinator of the Project, Yves Desaubies. He draws MERSEA results up.
In a first article, Marie Drévillon et al. present the MERSEA/Mercator-Ocean V2 global ocean analysis and forecasting system. In a
second one, Hervé Roquet et al. describe L3 and L4 high resolution SST products. The next article, written by Bruce Hackett et
al., focuses on Oil spill applications. The article of John Siddorn et al. closes the issue by a description of the development of a
North-East Atlantic tidal NEMO system.
Enjoy your reading!
Terra et Aqua 143 (journal - dredging related articles)Renato Rauwerda
Contains the following articles: "Challenge in Logistics: New Suez Canal Project"; "Safety in Mooring" and "How Clear Communications Benefit Dredging Projects".
Greetings all,
This month’s newsletter is dedicated to regional and coastal oceanography. We review in this issue the impressive work
recently done towards regional to coastal modelling with nesting and open boundary procedures as well as imbrications of
models of increasing resolution and complexity. Moreover, regional and coastal systems have now reached an operational level
and are delivering real time forecast in various areas.
After an introduction by Obaton reminding us of the challenging European and French programs dealing with regional/coastal
oceanography, this issue displays six scientific articles. Chanut et al. are starting with a paper describing the Mercator Ocean
regional system embracing the French Atlantic coast with a 1/36° horizontal resolution. Marsaleix et a l. are then writing about
the North Western Mediterranean Sea system which is currently upgraded in the framework of the ECOOP program. Next paper
by Riflet et al. is dealing with operational ocean forecasting of the Portuguese waters using the Mercator Ocean North Atlantic
high resolution solution at its boundaries. Lecornu et al. are following with an article about the PREVIMER operational MARS
system in the Bay of Biscay. Marchesiello et al. are then describing the effort conducted at IRD in order to provide the
developing countries with tools for operational regional marine forecast. At last, Reffray et al. tell us how the MARS,
SYMPHONIE and NEMO/OPA systems intercompare over the Bay of Biscay during the year 2004.
We wish you a pleasant reading, and we will meet again in October 2008, with a newsletter dedicated to the international
GODAE project, which will hold its final meeting in Nice on November 12-15 2008 (http://www.godae.org/announcement-II.html).
Moreover, let us also remind you that our annual operational oceanography group meeting (Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis,
GMMC) will take place on October 13 to 15 2008 in Toulouse (MétéoFrance site). We are looking forward to tell you about our
ongoing progress here at Mercator Ocean, and to hear about yours.
New Connections II version 2 Marine InstituteEoin Molloy
Irish marine research groups participated successfully in 210 EU-funded marine projects from 2007-2013, receiving over €70 million in grant funding. The majority of funding (43%) went to higher education institutions, while SMEs received 29% despite only being eligible for certain programs. Irish participants collaborated with partners from 67 countries, predominantly neighboring countries and others on the Atlantic. Typical grant levels per Irish partner ranged from €100,000 to €500,000, though some exceeded €1 million, with the largest grants from the FP7 and INTERREG programs.
Greetings all,
Once a year in April, the Mercator Ocean Forecasting Center in Toulouse and the Coriolis Infrastructure in Brest publish a common newsletter. Papers are dedicated to observations only.
• The first paper introducing this issue is presenting the Coriolis 2014-2020 framework which was renewed in 2014 in order to go on integrating in-situ ocean observation infrastructure for operational oceanography and ocean/climate research.
• Next paper by Poffa et al. describes how some Argo floats are deployed by the sailing community, through ship-based non-governmental organization or trans-oceanic races. It allows Argo floats to be deployed in poorly sampled areas where there is no regular shipping. Sailors got also involved in oceanographic science activities. An example of float deployment is given in the case of the Barcelona World Race.
• Next paper by Pouliquen et al. describes the EURO-ARGO ERIC infrastructure which is now officially set-up since May 2014. The objective of the Euro-Argo ERIC is to organize a long term European contribution to the international Argo array of profiling floats.
• Le Traon et al. are then presenting how the assessment of the impact of ARGO in Ocean models and satellite validation is conducted in the context of E-AIMS (Euro-Argo improvements for the GMES/Copernicus Marine Service) FP7 project. Observing System Evaluations and Observing System Simulation Experiments have been conducted to quantify the contribution of Argo to constrain global and regional monitoring and forecasting centers and validate satellite observations. Recommendations for the new phase of Argo are also elaborated.
• Kolodziejczyk et al. follow with the presentation of the complementarity of ARGO and SMOS Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) observations to help monitoring SSS variability from basin to meso scale. Using a 4-year time-series of SMOS SSS data and the global Argo array of in situ measurements, a statistical approach and an optimal interpolation method are used to characterize biases and reduce noises. Results are promising and show strong complementarity between SMOS and Argo data.
• Herbert et al. then describe Shipboard Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (SADCP) observations which are carried out in the Tropical Atlantic during yearly cruises in the framework of the PIRATA program. The present note displays the SADCP data processing methodology applied for 8 PIRATA cruises by using CASCADE software.
• Cravatte et al. follow with a paper presenting the new international TPOS2020 project (2014-2020). The project objective is to build a renewed, integrated, internationally-coordinated and sustainable observing system in the Tropical Pacific, meeting both the needs of climate research and operational forecasting systems and learning lessons from the great success-and finally partial collapse- of the TAO/TRITON array.
• Saout-Grit et al. next present an updated procedure for CTD-oxygen calibration along with new
The Blue Planet mission coordinates various marine initiatives within GEO to raise awareness of the oceans' role in the Earth system and their impacts on humanity. It advocates for a global ocean observing network to provide societal benefits like improved safety, sustainably managed coasts, and climate adaptation. Blue Planet builds on existing programs and aims to identify synergies, link data to applications, and connect to relevant policies. It focuses on sustained ocean observations, developing capacity and awareness, ocean forecasting services, coastal zone services, ocean climate and carbon observations.
ZAL Port is a logistics platform established in Barcelona in 1992 as part of infrastructure development for the 1992 Olympics. It has become a highly successful model that is recognized internationally. In 2015, ZAL Port achieved its best economic performance with over €41.8 million in revenue and a 97% occupancy rate in warehouses. ZAL Port prioritizes sustainable practices such as solar panels, LED lighting, and obtaining environmental certifications.
This status report presents the progress made to date towards the goals set out in the SUBMARINER Roadmap. It reflects action taken on key issues requiring joint effort in the Baltic Sea Region in order to enhance blue-green growth while sus- taining and improving its natural capital and, in particular, the Baltic Sea itself. In reference to the SUBMARINER Roadmap, this review surveys the most important strategic advances and remaining issues to be addressed in a broad range of initiatives.
Baltic SCOPE kick-off - Cross-border planning in Adriatic Ionian MSP, ADRIPLAN project by Francesco Musco, University IUAV of Venice
29 September Riga, Latvia
* The information presented is the working exercise of the cross-border maritime spatial planning discussions and can not be treated as the official opinion of the European Commission and the Member States involved in the consortium of the Baltic SCOPE project.
Summary:
ICE ARC Project
ASSESSING CLIMATE CHANGE IMPACTS ON MARINE ECOSYSTEMS AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES
IN THE ARCTIC OCEAN: THE EUROPEAN ACCESS PROGRAMME (2011-2015)
THE YEAR OF POLAR PREDICTION (YOPP): CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES
IN ICE-OCEAN FORECASTING
IAOOS (ICE - ATMOSPHERE - ARCTIC OCEAN OBSERVING SYSTEM, 2011-2019)
SEA ICE ANALYSIS AND FORECASTING WITH GLOSEA5
RECENT PROGRESS IN SEA ICE DATA ASSIMILATION AT ENVIRONMENT CANADA
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IMPACTING THE SEA ICE IN THE MERCATOR OCÉAN GLOBAL ¼° CONFIGURATION
PARAMETERIZATION OF DRAG COEFFICIENTS OVER POLAR SEA ICE FOR CLIMATE MODELS
A MAXWELL-ELASTO-BRITTLE RHEOLOGY FOR SEA ICE MODELING
With the adoption in April and the launch of S1A, the European Programme for Earth Observation, Copernicus, will deliver European information services based on satellite Earth Observation and in-situ data analyses. It is the first time that vast amounts of global data from satellites and from ground-based, airborne and seaborne measurement systems are being used to provide information to help service providers, public authorities and other international organisations improve the quality of life for the citizens of Europe. The information services provided will be freely and openly accessible to users.
The services address six thematic areas: land, marine, atmosphere, climate change, emergency management and security.
Copernicus Services support a broad range of environmental and security applications, including sustainable development, transport and mobility, climate change monitoring, civil protection, urban area management, regional and local planning, agriculture and health.
The wealth of space based data is an important opportunity to develop innovative space applications. Copernicus Services will have to evolve to remain in tune with the state-of-art, adjusting to user's requirement and new developments need. Thanks to H2020, the Europe's research Programme, this will be guaranteed.
The UNEP/MAP-GEF MedPartnership project aims to continue efforts to reduce pollution in the Mediterranean Sea and protect biodiversity through implementing strategic action programs. It involves 12 countries working with UNEP/MAP and the World Bank over multiple components including regional projects, investment funds, and demonstration projects. The project seeks to advance policy and legal reforms, fill knowledge gaps, and help implement integrated coastal zone management plans. Initial results include workshops training over 200 practitioners and reductions in water use and pollution loads at demonstration sites.
The annual report summarizes Water Europe's activities from 2018-2019. It highlights the organization's vision of achieving a water-smart society through collaboration, advocacy, and innovation. Key events included successful Water Market Europe, Water Innovation Europe, and Water Knowledge Europe conferences. New international water dialogues were also initiated. Working groups addressed important water challenges and new groups were launched on topics like water and climate. Advocacy efforts focused on Horizon Europe funding and raising the profile of water issues. The report outlines Water Europe's structure, programs, and achievements in driving progress toward a more sustainable water future.
Bourbon Corporation is a world leader in offshore marine services. It provides vessels and offshore marine services to oil and gas companies. The presentation discusses Bourbon's history, fleet, activities, clients, and strategy to transform the business. Bourbon has a modern fleet of 500 offshore vessels and aims to grow beyond 2015 through an "asset smart" strategy that includes selling vessels while continuing to operate them through long-term charters. This will reduce debt while maintaining operations.
Marine Knowledge Meeting, 11-12 Oct 2012, Brussels: JPI Healthy and Productiv...saragara3
Rudy Herman, Flemish Government of Belgium and Angell-Hansen Katherine, JPI Oceans - The Research Council of Norway, gave the presentation: JPI Healthy and Productive Seas and Oceans - A New Frontier at the Marine Knowledge All Projects meeting held on the 11-12 October 2012 in Brussels.
Climate Change is both a disruption, and opens opportunities in the Arctic: an integrated EU policy for the Arctic.
Copernicus is a key tool for the EU Arctic policy, but dedicated capabilities are needed:EU’s Polar Expert Group (PEG) reports.
The polar components of the Copernicus Services must be brought forward, taking into account stakeholders needs: EU KEPLER starts Jan. 2019, www.kepler-polar.eu.
The document discusses two projects in Egypt: the Alexandria Integrated Coastal Zone Management Project and the Pollution Reduction Measures for Lake Maryute Project. It provides details on project components, objectives, status updates, and monitoring plans. The overall goal is to reduce water pollution entering the Mediterranean Sea from Lake Maryute through coastal zone planning, institutional capacity building, and small-scale pollution reduction interventions.
RINA@WORK is the newsletter from RINA GROUP.
This issue is a specific focus on the lastest activities of RINA GROUP in the Cruise & Ferry and Offshore fields.
RESULTS OF A WORKING GROUP OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION CONSISTING OF REPRESEN...Cláudio Carneiro
This document discusses the challenges of managing estuaries and coastal zones, which are ecologically important habitats but also locations for expanding port activities. It established a working group to provide guidance on applying nature directives like the Habitats and Birds Directives to port development projects. The group aimed to enhance information sharing on managing ports and Natura 2000 network sites, and provide general guidance on applying nature laws in estuaries and coastal areas used for ports. The document outlines the ecological value and economic importance of these areas, as well as the increasing demands for shipping capacity. It notes the potential conflicts between protecting habitats under EU environmental laws while also seeking to expand port infrastructure under transport and economic policies.
The document showcases oceanographic products from the Met Office including surface ocean currents from November 14th 2020, significant wave height from a storm on December 27th 2020, surface chlorophyll concentration from March 2nd 2020, and sea surface height from January 1st 2021. These products visualize measurements and conditions of the physical, biological, and chemical properties of the ocean.
The document describes three Mediterranean Sea model products from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS):
1) A physical model (MED-PHY) using a hydrodynamic model and data assimilation to provide daily sea level and circulation analyses and forecasts at 1/24 degree resolution with 141 vertical levels.
2) A biogeochemical model (MED-BIO) integrating satellite and in-situ observations with a biogeochemical model to provide chlorophyll analyses, reanalyses, and forecasts.
3) A wave model (MED-WAV) providing daily wave analyses and forecasts as well as hindcasts for the Mediterranean Sea.
This document describes several products from the Black Sea Monitoring and Forecasting Center (BS-MFC) team, including physical, biogeochemical, and wave models. The products include multi-year reanalysis datasets from 1993-2019 as well as near-real time analysis and forecasts beginning in 2018. The physical products are led by CMCC and IO-BAS, biogeochemical by ULiege, and waves by HZG and CMCC. The products provide essential ocean variables like temperature, salinity, currents, chlorophyll, and wave heights.
The document discusses operational biogeochemical modeling in the Arctic by TOPAZ, an ArcMFC forecasting system. It describes the current and future states of TOPAZ's operational forecasting system and biogeochemical reanalysis efforts. The current forecasting system has 12km resolution and forecasts for 10 days, while the future 2021 system will have 6km resolution and include carbon chemistry variables and runoff from Greenland. The current reanalysis covers 2007-2010 at 30km resolution, and future reanalyses aim to cover 2007-2017, assimilating more biogeochemical variables using EnKF and smoothing methods.
ZOOMBI is a project from 2018-2020 that developed formulations for zooplankton in marine biogeochemical models. The project aimed to improve representations of zooplankton-related processes like detritus sinking and ecosystem modeling. By modeling zooplankton more explicitly in space and time, the project found it could better estimate carbon export from surface waters into the ocean interior. The contact for the project is Ute Daewel from the Institute of Coastal Systems Analysis and Modeling at Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht.
This project used earth observation data from 2018-2020 to study near-coast ecosystems like sea grass and turbidity levels which are relevant to local users. The project contact is Steef Peters from Water Insight and the take home message is that earth observation is an attractive way to study coastal ecosystems for local stakeholders.
This document discusses the NEMO-FES project which optimized the simulation of barotropic tides and internal tide and wave drag dissipation in the NEMO v3.6 ocean model. The project was conducted from October 2018 to December 2020 by a consortium including LEGOS, CLS, and Mercator Ocean. The take-home message is that barotropic tide simulation was improved in NEMO 3.6 and a new constraint method shows promise, but more testing is needed to refine wave drag dissipation and account for under-ice cavities.
The WaveFlow project upgraded the open source version of the WAM wave model to include new physics that better represents wave-current interactions. Hindcast simulations were run using the upgraded model forced by ERA5 winds to provide new wave forcing datasets to the community. Comparisons showed the new physics improved the representation of wave spectra in the North Sea. The upgraded wave model had a small impact when incorporated into a coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecast system. The results of the project provide physically consistent wave forcing for ocean modeling and analysis.
The document describes two projects: BIOPTIMOD from 2018-2020 which involved developing a bio-optical model and using remote sensing reflectance to study radiative transfer; and MASSIMILI from 2015-2018 which used multi-platform data assimilation of BGC-Argo floats, ocean color, and a Mediterranean ecosystem model. It also provides names and affiliations of contacts for each project who are researchers at the National Institute of Oceanography and Applied Geophysics.
The document discusses a project called OPTIMA that ran from 2018-2019. The project aimed to simulate and assimilate satellite optical data on ocean plankton communities to improve simulations of underwater light conditions. This has potential benefits for biogeochemical and physical modeling of marine ecosystems. The contact for the project is Jozef Skakala from the Plymouth Marine Laboratory.
The document discusses the COMBAT project which runs from 2018-2020 and combines altimetry data, HF radar data, and modeling to develop new coastal ocean monitoring products for CMEMS. It introduces the project leads from AZTI, CLS Group, and LEGOS and their areas of expertise in HF radar, altimetry, and modeling, respectively. A key takeaway is that integrating these different data sources and simulations provides improved understanding of local ocean processes and a new coastal mean dynamic topography for more reliable monitoring of the study area.
This document discusses a project focused on developing high-resolution coastal modeling and forecasting tools to improve coastal zone management between 2018-2020. The project involves partners from Spain, Germany, and Denmark and is led by Agustin Sanchez-Arcilla from the Universitat Polità ̈cnica de Catalunya. The overall goal is to create seamless regional to coastal forecasting capabilities and tools to help manage water quality and coastal zones in an integrated manner.
The document discusses the LAMBDA project which aims to improve ocean models by better characterizing land-marine boundary conditions and river influences. It will do this through water continuum modelling, estuarine mixing studies, and remote observation of salinity. The project runs from 2018-2020 and involves full and associated partners led by project contact Francisco Campuzano from MASTEC-IST and CoLAB + ATLANTIC. The key takeaway message is that LAMBDA seeks to improve models of thermohaline circulation in coastal oceans through a better understanding of land-ocean boundaries.
The document discusses an ensemble generation scheme for ocean analysis systems that aims to provide uncertainty estimates of the ocean state. The scheme involves randomly perturbing both assimilated observations and surface forcing inputs to generate an ensemble of ocean state estimates. This allows the analysis system to account for uncertainties in observations and surface forcing when assessing the ocean state. The project developing this scheme is taking place from 2018 to 2020 at ECMWF.
This document provides information on the SCRUM 2 project which aims to improve coastal/regional ensemble consistency, reliability, and probabilistic forecasting through data assimilation. The project runs from 2018-2020 and is a collaboration between the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece and LEGOS in France. It seeks to contribute to CMES ensemble data assimilation by developing stochastic coastal/regional uncertainty modeling and probabilistic scoring. Vassilios Vervatis of the University of Athens is listed as the project contact.
The document discusses the High-resolution model Verification Evaluation (HiVE) project. The project aims to evaluate high-resolution ocean models through spatial verification methods. It analyzes forecasts of sea surface temperature and chlorophyll from April 2018 to March 2020. The project is led by Jan Maksymczuk and Marion Mittermaier of the Met Office in the UK, with support from Ric Crocker, Rachel North, and Christine Pequignet. The project demonstrates that higher resolution ocean forecasts, while more realistic looking, do not necessarily score better in quantitative verification compared to coarser models, similar to atmospheric forecasts. Spatial verification methods can help account for this difference by giving credit to forecasts that are correct nearby rather than
This document discusses a new eddy tracker product for the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) that provides additional properties associated with 2D circulation forecasts from CMEMS models. It also discusses how intense mesoscale frontogenesis can induce submesoscale processes and significant vertical motion at oceanic fronts, recommending the diagnosis and forecast of vertical velocity be included in future CMEMS catalog updates. The project discussed occurred from 2016 to 2018 and was led by Simon Ruiz of IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB).
This document discusses a project from 2016-2018 to integrate coastal high-frequency radar data into the Copernicus Marine Service. The project contact is Julien Mader from AZTI who aims to pave the way for adding high-frequency radar data to the marine monitoring service to increase ocean observations.
This document provides examples of global and regional sea surface temperature (SST) data products. It lists near real-time and reprocessed foundation SST datasets at various spatial and temporal resolutions going back to the early 1980s. Upcoming hourly and sub-skin SST products are also mentioned. Specific examples of SST products are given for the Mediterranean/Black Seas, Baltic Sea, European Seas, and North West shelf/Iberia/Biscay/Irish Seas regions.
Presented by The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action at GLF Peatlands 2024 - The Global Peatlands Assessment: Mapping, Policy, and Action
Climate Change All over the World .pptxsairaanwer024
Climate change refers to significant and lasting changes in the average weather patterns over periods ranging from decades to millions of years. It encompasses both global warming driven by human emissions of greenhouse gases and the resulting large-scale shifts in weather patterns. While climate change is a natural phenomenon, human activities, particularly since the Industrial Revolution, have accelerated its pace and intensity
different Modes of Insect Plant InteractionArchita Das
different modes of interaction between insects and plants including mutualism, commensalism, antagonism, Pairwise and diffuse coevolution, Plant defenses, how coevolution started
Top 8 Strategies for Effective Sustainable Waste Management.pdfJhon Wick
Discover top strategies for effective sustainable waste management, including product removal and product destruction. Learn how to reduce, reuse, recycle, compost, implement waste segregation, and explore innovative technologies for a greener future.
Improving the viability of probiotics by encapsulation methods for developmen...Open Access Research Paper
The popularity of functional foods among scientists and common people has been increasing day by day. Awareness and modernization make the consumer think better regarding food and nutrition. Now a day’s individual knows very well about the relation between food consumption and disease prevalence. Humans have a diversity of microbes in the gut that together form the gut microflora. Probiotics are the health-promoting live microbial cells improve host health through gut and brain connection and fighting against harmful bacteria. Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are the two bacterial genera which are considered to be probiotic. These good bacteria are facing challenges of viability. There are so many factors such as sensitivity to heat, pH, acidity, osmotic effect, mechanical shear, chemical components, freezing and storage time as well which affects the viability of probiotics in the dairy food matrix as well as in the gut. Multiple efforts have been done in the past and ongoing in present for these beneficial microbial population stability until their destination in the gut. One of a useful technique known as microencapsulation makes the probiotic effective in the diversified conditions and maintain these microbe’s community to the optimum level for achieving targeted benefits. Dairy products are found to be an ideal vehicle for probiotic incorporation. It has been seen that the encapsulated microbial cells show higher viability than the free cells in different processing and storage conditions as well as against bile salts in the gut. They make the food functional when incorporated, without affecting the product sensory characteristics.
Evolving Lifecycles with High Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC) and 3-D...Joshua Orris
The incorporation of a 3DCSM and completion of HRSC provided a tool for enhanced, data-driven, decisions to support a change in remediation closure strategies. Currently, an approved pilot study has been obtained to shut-down the remediation systems (ISCO, P&T) and conduct a hydraulic study under non-pumping conditions. A separate micro-biological bench scale treatability study was competed that yielded positive results for an emerging innovative technology. As a result, a field pilot study has commenced with results expected in nine-twelve months. With the results of the hydraulic study, field pilot studies and an updated risk assessment leading site monitoring optimization cost lifecycle savings upwards of $15MM towards an alternatively evolved best available technology remediation closure strategy.
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies.EpconLP
Epcon is One of the World's leading Manufacturing Companies. With over 4000 installations worldwide, EPCON has been pioneering new techniques since 1977 that have become industry standards now. Founded in 1977, Epcon has grown from a one-man operation to a global leader in developing and manufacturing innovative air pollution control technology and industrial heating equipment.
ENVIRONMENT~ Renewable Energy Sources and their future prospects.tiwarimanvi3129
This presentation is for us to know that how our Environment need Attention for protection of our natural resources which are depleted day by day that's why we need to take time and shift our attention to renewable energy sources instead of non-renewable sources which are better and Eco-friendly for our environment. these renewable energy sources are so helpful for our planet and for every living organism which depends on environment.
Microbial characterisation and identification, and potability of River Kuywa ...Open Access Research Paper
Water contamination is one of the major causes of water borne diseases worldwide. In Kenya, approximately 43% of people lack access to potable water due to human contamination. River Kuywa water is currently experiencing contamination due to human activities. Its water is widely used for domestic, agricultural, industrial and recreational purposes. This study aimed at characterizing bacteria and fungi in river Kuywa water. Water samples were randomly collected from four sites of the river: site A (Matisi), site B (Ngwelo), site C (Nzoia water pump) and site D (Chalicha), during the dry season (January-March 2018) and wet season (April-July 2018) and were transported to Maseno University Microbiology and plant pathology laboratory for analysis. The characterization and identification of bacteria and fungi were carried out using standard microbiological techniques. Nine bacterial genera and three fungi were identified from Kuywa river water. Clostridium spp., Staphylococcus spp., Enterobacter spp., Streptococcus spp., E. coli, Klebsiella spp., Shigella spp., Proteus spp. and Salmonella spp. Fungi were Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus flavus complex and Penicillium species. Wet season recorded highest bacterial and fungal counts (6.61-7.66 and 3.83-6.75cfu/ml) respectively. The results indicated that the river Kuywa water is polluted and therefore unsafe for human consumption before treatment. It is therefore recommended that the communities to ensure that they boil water especially for drinking.
2. Con-
tents
5Stella
maris
Raising mercator ocean’s
profile worldwide
p.37
Publications
and projets
p.46
1Sentinel
of the seas
Achievements
in our core business
p.5
Con-
tentstents
55Stella
55maris
5Raising mercator ocean’s
5Raising mercator ocean’s
5profile worldwide
5profile worldwide
5p.37
PublicationsPublications
and projectsand projects
p.46
1Sentinel
1Sentinel
1of the seas
1of the seas
11Achievements
1in our core business
1in our core business
1p.5
3. 2
3
4
Sharing
the oceans
User services : continuity
and high performance
p.19
Across
the seas
Towards delegation
of the european
marine service
p.27
Ocean
promises
Key structural
changes
p.33
Acronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryArcticROOS
Arctic Regional Ocean
Observing System
ARGO
Argo is a system for
observing temperature,
salinity, and currents in the
Earth’s oceans.
AROME
Small scale atmospheric
prediction model operated
by Meteo-France
CMF
French Maritime Cluster
CMS, Météo-France
Space Meteorology Centre
of Meteo-France
CNRM
National Centre for
Meteorological Research at
Meteo-France
COPERNICUS
EU Space programme
managed by the European
Commission for monitoring
the Earth.
CORIOLIS
The Coriolis Data Centre
handles operational
oceanography
measurements made
in situ, complementing
the measurement of the
ocean surface made
using instruments aboard
satellites.
CREG
The Canadian Arctic
Ocean and Nordic seas
configuration
DCLIM
Direction of the
Climatology at Meteo-
France
E-Aims
Euro-Argo Improvement
project for the Copernicus
Marine Service
ECSITE
The European network
of science centres and
museums
ERA-CLIM2
ERA-CLIM2 project is
to apply and extend the
current global reanalysis
capability in Europe,
in order to meet the
challenging requirements
for climate monitoring,
climate research, and the
development of climate
services.
ERP
Enterprise Resource
Planning (business
management software
ET-OOFS
The Expert Team for
Operational Ocean
Forecast Systems has an
intergovernmental mandate
through JCOMM to provide
coordination of activities
at operational agencies.
EU
European Union
EuroGOOS
International Non-
Profit Association of
national governmental
agencies and research
organisations, committed
to European-scale
operational oceanography
within the context of the
intergovernmental Global
Ocean Observing System
(GOOS).
FP7
EU’s 7th Framework
Programme for Research
and Technological
Development (2007-2013).
GLOBAL (system)
Mercator Ocean
operational forecasting
system covering all the
oceans of the globe.
GLORYS
Global Ocean reanalysis
GMMC
Groupe Mission Mercator
Coriolis (GMMC) rassemble
des équipes de recherche
sélectionnées chaque
année par appel d’offre
scientifique. Le groupe a
vocation à entreprendre
toute activité de
recherche jugée utile
au développement et/
ou au renforcement
de l’océanographie
opérationnelle hauturière
et côtière.
GODAE Ocean View
GODAE OceanView is the
continuation of the Global
Ocean Data Assimilation
Experiment (GODAE) from
2009 onwards.
Horizon 2020
Horizon 2020 is the
biggest EU Research and
Innovation programme ever
with nearly €80 billion of
funding available over 7
years (2014 to 2020).
Hymex
Hydrological cycle in the
Mediterranean eXperiment
IBI36
Mercator Ocean
operational forecasting
system in the Iberian
Biscay Irish area with a
resolution of 1/36° (~2 km)
IBI ROOS
Ireland-Biscay-Iberia
Regional Operational
Oceanographic System.
ICE ARC
EU FP7 project : «Ice,
Climate, Economics
- Arctic Research on
Change»
ICES
The International Council
for the Exploration of
the Sea
INDESO
Infrastructure Development
of Space Oceanography,
INDESO is a scientific
program led by CLS aiming
at providing the Indonesian
Ministry of Fisheries and
Maritime Affairs with the
technologies, know-how
and actions to ensure the
long term preservation
of the country’s fishing
capacities and ecosystems.
JCOMM
Joint Technical Commission
for Oceanography and
Marine Meteorology (
WMO/IOC) : Worldwide
marine meteorological
and oceanographic
communities working in
partnership in order to
respond to interdisciplinary
requirements for met/
ocean observations, data
management and service
products.
LEFE
Fluid Envelop and
Environment, program
coordinated by the INSU
(National Institute for
Sciences of Universe ).
MONGOOS
(now MedGOOS)
The Mediterranean Global
Ocean Observing System
NEMO
Nucleus for European
Modelling of the Ocean,
NEMO is a state-of-the-
art modeling framework for
oceanographic research,
operational oceanography
seasonal forecast and
climate studies.
NMEFC
National Marine
Environmental Forecasting
Centre of China
OCAPI
Geostationary Ocean
colour sensor (Ocean Color
Advanced Permanent
Imager )
OSTIA
The Operational Sea
Surface Temperature and
Sea Ice Analysis system
(NCOF-UK) produces a
high resolution analysis
of the current sea surface
temperature (SST) for the
global ocean.
OSTST
Ocean Surface Topography
Science Team
Prévi/mar
Service in charge of Marine
Forecast at the Operational
Forecast Direction of
Meteo-France
PSY
Prototype System. Name
Root of a few Mercator
Ocean operational systems
REA
Research European Agency
SAM
Assimilation system
developped by Mercator
Ocean
SARAL
Satellite with ARgos and
ALtiKa is a cooperative
altimetry technology
mission of Indian Space
Research Organisation
(ISRO) and CNES (French
Space Agency).
SHOM
French Navy’s
Hydrographic and
Oceanographic
Department.
SOA
State Oceanic
Administration
WGOOFE
ICES Working Group on
Operational Oceanographic
Products for Fisheries and
Environment
WMO
The World Meteorological
Organization is a
specialized agency of the
United Nations.
4. Edito
rial 2014 kept its European promise
and clearly defined the conditions
dictating Mercator Ocean’s services
during the operational phase of
Copernicus.
2014 kept its European promise and clearly defined the conditions dictating
Mercator Ocean’s services during the operational phase of Copernicus. Yet,
despite all the scenarios and roadmaps drafted or considered since 2008
with respect to the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service,
the year turned up some surprises, requiring us to adapt quickly and rise
to the challenge. Just like a competition, marathon or polar expedition, the
« home stretch » is equally as important as the previous years of preparation
and development.
2014 may be considered as a series of organisational milestones for
Mercator Ocean, engaged in a race against time involving key steps for its
core business, decisive phases for its organisation, critical periods for its
transition and finally painful periods when friends pass away.
This annual report simply describes what has shaped us in 2014 through
three closely-related sides of the same prism : doing (our activities), being
(our structure) and becoming (our transition).
Pierre Bahurel
0
5. Doing Our activities
In 2014, we sought to consolidate our scientific and technical assets in
order to meet the expectations of our partners and develop our production
capability for both global ocean and reanalysis products. We fleshed out
our dual service capability (national and European mandates) by working
on the transparency of our two offers and our knowledge of usage. We also
initiated partnerships for scientific outreach activities targeting the general
public.
Being Our structure
To ramp up Mercator Ocean so as to reach in 2015 the performance
standards required by the European Union’s Copernicus Marine Service,
we worked on upgrading our team skills, optimising our organisation,
consolidating our administrative, legal and financial management and
ensuring that all our management processes—especially reporting—were
100% reliable. We maintained our involvement in all the regional, national
and international programmes that help raise our profile and reached out to
a wide public through Internet communication tools.
Becoming Our transition
As the coordinator and key scientific and technical partner, Mercator Ocean
also had to successfully draw the MyOcean2 contract to a close before
defining, in conjunction with the European Commission, a transitional
contract under Horizon 2020 to assure continuity of funding and service
prior to the Copernicus contract (MyOcean Follow-On). We also had to
tender for the operational phase of the Copernicus Marine Service then
define with the European Commission suitable conditions for this new
seven-year phase. This led to the signing of a service delegation agreement
on 11 November 2014 for immediate implementation. This contract is
of capital importance not only for Mercator Ocean, but for all European
operational oceanography players and users. It consolidates the whole
marine sector value chain, from satellite and in situ ocean observation
infrastructures to public and commercial services adding value to ocean
observations, forecasting and analyses.
This annual report is dedicated
to our colleague and friend Nicolas Ferry.
8. 6
The three teams
worked hard
to meet ambitious
goals in 2014 :
Expanding
the portfolio of
reanalysis
products.
Developing real-time
production systems (with
upgrades to the GLOBAL
and IBI systems for
the Copernicus Marine
Service).Consolidating
the development
of our production
tools.
Producing the first
fruits of activities
prompted by the scientific
foresight brainstorming
of 2013, high-resolution
and biogeochemistry
systems.
Giving priority
to reactive support
services meeting the needs
of our partners :
operational systems,
validation, research projects
and partnerships.
Since 2013,
R&D has been led by three teams
whose missions are distinct
but whose activities
are closely linked :
ÎÎ Innovation
for operational
oceanography,
responsible for designing,
planning, developing and
validating scientific and
technical developments
in ocean modelling, data
assimilation and observation
systems.
ÎÎ Development of
analysis and forecasting
systems,
responsible for designing,
planning, developing and
validating scientific and
technical developments in
ocean analysis and forecasting
systems and making sure
they can be transferred to
operational systems.
ÎÎ Evaluation of analysis
and forecasting systems,
responsible for producing
long-term delayed time
simulations and guaranteeing
the measurement and
documentation of the scientific
quality of both these delayed
time products and real-time
Mercator Ocean analysis and
forecasting products in terms
of reliability and precision.
9. 7
Helping our
shareholders
advance1.1
Extract from the preliminary study conducted for
Meteo-France to assess the pertinence of using
Mercator Ocean Sea Surface Temperature predictions
for weather forecasting rather than observed SSTs.
The maps are monthly means for August 2014 (a) of
the persistence of observed SSTs (OSTIA) seen by
AROME on day 4 of the forecast, (b) SSTs predicted
by IBI on day 4 of the forecast, and (c) high-resolution
SST observations (product L3S of the CMS, Meteo-
France). In some areas, it may be seen that IBI36 is more
accurate than the persistence, particularly off Brittany,
in the Bay of Biscay and in the Mediterranean. IBI36 is
too cold in the English Channel and along the Aquitaine
coastline. Initial results (not shown) reveal the added
value of IBI36, especially for the winter.
a. Sea surface Temperature AROME
(4-day persistence) - August 2014
b. Sea surface Temperature IBI36
(4-day forcast) - August 2014
c. Sea surface Temperature
Observations (L3S MF/CMS) -
August 2014
By upgrading our Class 4 scientific qualification tools
and developing innovative quality diagnostics in 2014,
we were increasing reliability for our shareholders.
We also helped them by :
ÎÎ Quality support
Providing quality control
support for the Meteo-France
« Prévi/mar » team
ÎÎ Investigating anomalies
Conducting a study for Meteo-France in late September to assess
the exceptional character of surface temperature anomalies then
occurring in the Gulf of Lion. The study was regularly updated
through to late 2014 in order to provide input for discussion and
communication to several Meteo-France teams, including the
CNRM and DCLIM (see illustration).
50°N
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
48°N
46°N
44°N
42°N
4°W 4°E 8°E0°
50°N
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
48°N
46°N
44°N
42°N
4°W 4°E 8°E0°
50°N
25
24
23
22
21
20
19
18
17
16
15
14
48°N
46°N
44°N
42°N
4°W 4°E 8°E0°
10. In April 2014, an unusually large downwelling Kelvin
wave crossed the equatorial Pacific, giving rise to
intense speculation about the likelihood of an El
Niño event in the winter of 2014-2015. As part of
Mercator Ocean’s expert support for Meteo-France’s
Global Climate Bulletin, and in particular the seasonal
forecasts, Mercator Ocean compared this event with
the development of the 1997-1998 El Niño episode
using a GLORYS2V3 reanalysis (1992-2012), of which
this figure is an extract. It shows that the amplitude of
the April 2014 wave is similar to that observed in April
1997. However, in 1997, the signal remained strong in the
month following its occurrence, whereas in 2014, the
anomaly in May was already weaker than the previous
month.
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.69, Max= 6.91, Int= 0.50
Avril 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.30, Max= 5.59, Int= 0.50
Avril 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.77, Max= 6.75, Int= 0.50
Mai 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -1.77, Max= 5.07, Int= 0.50
Mai 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
ÎÎ Global reanalyses
Pursuing global reanalysis
activities (GLORYS) and
investigating their impact on
the initialisation of seasonal
Meteo-France forecasts looking
ahead to the future system.
ÎÎ E-AIMS project
Participating in the E-Aims
project led by Ifremer
(cf page 15)
ÎÎ Comparative study 1
Conducting a comparative study of MyOcean and Mercator Ocean
products for the Baltic Sea on behalf of SHOM for the monthly
Mercator Ocean/SHOM meetings to validate Mercator Ocean
systems and the service supplied to SHOM. This report shows the
advantages of MyOcean regional products over PSY2 in particular,
but also the high quality of PSY2 products for the area through
comparison with independent ferrybox data.
ÎÎ Global Climate Bulletin
Contributing to the Meteo-France Global Climate Bulletin
(see illustration).
April 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref :GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
April 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref :GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
May 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref :GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
May 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref :GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.69, Max= 6.91, Int= 0.50
Avril 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.30, Max= 5.59, Int= 0.50
Avril 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -2.77, Max= 6.75, Int= 0.50
Mai 1997 - GLORYS2V3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3_75) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Latitudes in [-2.0, 2.0] - (17 points)
(degree_Celsius) : Min= -1.77, Max= 5.07, Int= 0.50
Mai 2014 - PSY3V3R3 T Anomaly
(ref:GLORYS2V3) cross section 2°N–2°S Pacific
-6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
0
Depth(m)
Longitude
100
200
300
400
500
120E 140E 160E 180 160W 140W 120W 100W 80W
8
11. This figure, taken from the
MEDRYS1V2 reanalysis product
generated and validated in 2014
(Hamon et al, in preparation), shows
mean circulation at 40m in the
Mediterranean for 1992-2013.
This reanalysis is the result of
cooperation between Mercator
Ocean and Meteo-France (ARPERA
high-resolution atmospheric
forcing) under the MISTRALS
umbrella programme (Mediterranean
Integrated STudies at Regional
and Local Scales) which includes
HyMeX, MERMeX and ChArMEx
among others.
In 2014, SHOM enquired about the quality of Mercator
Ocean’s data on surface currents in the Indian
Ocean. This figure is an extract from the subsequent
dedicated study. It shows the current measurements
from SVP drifting buoys, the currents deduced from
surface movement of ARGO floats (YoMaHa’07) (a)
for comparison with modelled Mercator Ocean surface
currents (b).
http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu/projects/yomaha/
yomaha07/YoMaHa070612.pdf
ÎÎ HyMeX project
Contributing to HyMeX (Hydrological cycle in
the Mediterranean Experiment), a study led
by CNRS and Meteo-France. Mercator Ocean
provides real-time analyses and forecasts during
observation campaigns but also during the
ÎÎ AMICO project
Participating in AMICO, a project on operational
integrated modelling for coastlines funded by
the French Ministry of Ecology, Sustainable
analysis of observations made. Mercator Ocean
is also contributing to the ocean modelling
part by helping develop the NEMOMED12 1/12°
model and using this configuration to produce
simulations and reanalyses (see illustration.)
Development and Energy that was initiated
in 2013 on the basis of three activities
respectively led by LEGOS, MIO and LOS.
ÎÎ Comparative Study 2
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
44
42
40
38
36
34
32
-5 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
cm2
/s2
-0.4
Zonal velocity of obs U drifts in 2013
30
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
Zonal velocity of model U drifts in 2013
30
-30
-20
-10
0
10
20
40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
-0.2 0.0 0.2
Min =NaN m/s Max =NaN
0.4
Zonal velocity of obs U drifts in 2013 Zonal velocity of model U drifts in 2013
9
12. 1.2
Evolution
of the global
forecasting
system
NEMO model
The first component is based
on the NEMO 1/12° physical ocean model
(see illustration 8) which integrates,
through the SAM2 data assimilation
scheme, satellite-derived sea level
and surface temperature observations
in addition to in situ observations
of vertical temperature
and salinity profiles.
The global forecasting system
processes the physical
and marine biogeochemistry
components.
2014 was dedicated to various RD
activities designed to resolve the
imperfections identified in the different
systems currently in operation. They
included the assimilation of new
observations, such as surface velocity
and ice concentrations, and essential
parametrisation of vertical mixing
parameters, the scheme in use leading
to a systematic stratification error in
the summer.
PISCES model
The second component
is based on the PISCES ¼° model
forced offline by a ¼° physical
model integrating the
abovementioned observations.
There is currently no data
assimilation scheme for the
biogeochemical model.
10
13. Relocatable zoom
Development activities
continued on the SIREN
relocatable zoom tool. The
first release was integrated
in the NEMO community
ocean model code.
This illustration is taken from the Quality Information
Document (QUID) summarising the validation of
BIOMER4 ¼° global biogeochemical products available
from the MyOcean catalogue released in June 2014. The
interannual variability of surface chlorophyll is correctly
captured, even though the blooming in the high
latitudes of the northern hemisphere are always one
to two months early in BIOMER4. There is also a clear
improvement in surface chlorophyll bias in BIOMER4 at
¼° compared to the previous BIOMER1 version which
greatly overestimated surface chlorophyll, especially in
the equatorial belt.
Hovmöller diagram of Log10( chlorophyll )
between 2007 and 2013 at 20°W in North Atlantic (20°S:70°N).
Dynamic topography
A new mean dynamic
topography taking into account
the latest distribution of GOCE
(Gravity field and steady-state
Ocean Circulation Explorer) and
GRACE (Gravity Recovery and
Climate Experiment) satellites
was also developed. This new
product should enhance the
general circulation and water
mass representation. Finally,
the prescription of observation
errors being too approximate
in assimilation schemes, an
adaptive error regulation
system was set up.
Bio component
For biogeochemistry, the offline
operational scenario was improved
in terms of both frequency
and resolution of the physical/
biogeochemical coupling. 2014
was also marked by the release
of a ¼° biogeochemistry version.
The global configuration at 1/12°
continues to evolve, with a release
based on a recent NEMO version
(NEMO 3.5) stabilised in 2014.
This release also includes the
75-level vertical grid and recent
parametrisations and numerical
schemes such as time splitting
or GLS. This configuration will
subsequently be used for future
updates of forecasting and
reanalysis systems.
D
1
7
5
0
3
8
2
-20 0 20 40 60
8
3
0
5
201320122011201020092008
Section at longitude 20W
N
1
6
4
9
2
7
1
-20 0 20 40 60
8
3
0
5
2013201220112010200920082007
Section at longitude 20W
-1.00-1.50 1.00-0.50 0.00
Min=-1.715 Max=1.049Log10 of mg/m3
0.50 -1.00-1.50 1.00-0.50 0.00
Min=-1.861 Max=1.202Log10 of mg/m3
0.50
Model Globcolour data
11
14. 1.3Assimilation
and impact studies
SAM2 data
assimilation scheme
Mercator Ocean’s SAM2 data assimilation
scheme is used in most of our operational
systems as it offers an optimal combination of
ocean observations and model forecasts for
analysis purposes.
In 2014, SAM2 was widely used for impact
studies such as the Observing System Evaluation
(OSE) and Observing System Simulation
Experiments (OSSE) which entail understanding
and analysing the impact of new sources of data
for assimilation (whether in situ or satellite data).
These studies also provided the opportunity
to pass on our specifications to observation
agencies.
Progress in line with particular improvement
in observation data
In 2014,
these impact studies
concerned :
ÎÎ
future data from
the ARGO network
as part of
the E-Aims project
(see page 15)
ÎÎ
the future
French-US Surface
Water and Ocean
Topography (SWOT)
mission in the framework
of a CNES contract.
12
15. The first experiments laying the groundwork for the
assimilation of high-resolution data from SWOT were
completed in 2014. Experiments such as OSSE were
carried out in the IBI (Iberian, Biscay and Irish) region,
simulating observations with a 3-kilometre resolution
model (1/36°) then integrating them in a 9-kilometre
model (1/12°). This figure shows the satellite coverage
of observations over a five-day window with three
satellites (a), which may be considered conventional
coverage, and with SWOT (b). The initial results (figures
c and d) show that assimilating simulated SWOT
observations significantly enhances the correlation
between observations and forecasts over the whole
area. Obtained in an idealised context, these results
need to be consolidated by further research using higher
resolutions and taking better account of observation
errors.
-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16
Min = -0,737 Max = - 0,202
-0,7 -0,6 -0,5 -0,4 -0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0
Corrélation entre
observations similées
et prévisions
3 satellites
60
56
52
44
48
40
36
32
28
-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16
Min = 0,058 Max = 0,932
0,0 0,5 1,0
60
56
52
44
48
40
36
32
28
Mean 72%
-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16
Min = -0,737 Max = - 0,202
-0,7 -0,6 -0,5-0,4-0,3 -0,2 -0,1 0,0 0,1
SWOT
60
56
52
44
48
40
36
32
28
-16 -12 -8 -4 0 4 8 12 16
Min = 0,026 Max = 0,971
0,0 0,5 1,0
60
56
52
44
48
40
36
32
28
Mean 80%
a) b)
c) d)
3 satellites SWOT
Correlation between
simulated observations
and forecasts
13
16. 14
1.4A transitional
year for the
reanalysis
By simulating the ocean in the past,
reanalyses shed light on how
the ocean functions
The death of Nicolas Ferry on 5 May 2014 deeply saddened the whole
meteorological and oceanographic community. Nicolas Ferry had been a
pillar of ocean reanalysis developments for years. The team has taken up
and pursued his work with courage and determination, completing in 2014 :
ÎÎ Two regional reanalysis
products, MEDRYS (Mediterranean)
and IBIRYS (Atlantic coastline),
validated under the ENIGME
partnership,
ÎÎ Longer reanalyses (ERA-Interim
period from 1979 to the present)
to bridge the gap up to real-time
products,
ÎÎ Reanalysis of the
biogeochemistry product (BIOMER-
GLORYS2V3),
ÎÎ Preparations for a global 1/12°
reanalysis.
ÎÎ Mercator Ocean’s participation
in the ERA-CLIM2 project designed
to produce a coupled ocean-
atmosphere reanalysis for the 20th
century. Mercator Ocean is helping
develop both the data assimilation
method for oceans and sea ice and
the marine biogeochemistry system.
17. 1.5Scientific
partnerships with
a structural impact
Unceasing commitment as a contribution
to international science.
NEMO consortium
Mercator Ocean has been an active player in
the NEMO consortium (Nucleus for European
Modelling of the Ocean) for several years. In 2014,
the NEMO software code (version 3.6) for all the
configurations used within Mercator Ocean was
standardised. In December 2014, Toulouse hosted
the NEMO developers’ workshop.
E-AIMS project
Europe’s E-AIMS project, coordinated by Ifremer,
is currently paving the way for a new generation
of Argo floats for the future Copernicus Marine
Service, key aspects being dependability, lifetime,
data transmission, biogeochemical observations,
deep-sea measurements and under-ice
operations in polar waters. Mercator Ocean is a
project partner, quantifying the impact of the
Argo network and its potential upgrades in global
analysis and forecasting systems.
CREG
The Canadian Arctic Ocean and Nordic seas
configuration (CREG), initiated a few years
back and shared with Canadian government
scientists, meets the need for a realistic
description of the mean state and variability in
the Arctic Ocean and adjacent seas. Developed
by Canadian teams, this configuration has been
coupled with Mercator Ocean’s SAM2 data
assimilation system. This joint French-Canadian
« Arctic platform » has led to enhanced sea ice
assimilation methods and reanalysis products
covering the area, both of which are laying the
foundation for high-resolution global reanalyses.
Partnering Environment Canada is fostering the
stability of CREG.
French Arctic project
The French Arctic project is a science
observatory aiming to brainstorm working
methods and find solutions to meet the vital
challenges of the Arctic worldwide. Mercator
Ocean activities focus on the Arctic Ocean,
with a contribution to the ICE ARC (2014-2018)
project designed to better understand and
quantify the socioeconomic impacts of the rapid
melting of Arctic ice. Mercator Ocean is providing
uncertainty levels for estimations of sea ice
volume and transportation.
The 2012-2013 operational
oceanography scientific foresight
programme is a key structural element
for Mercator Ocean. We focused in 2014
on shaping roadmaps and setting up
projects common to various players.
The RD department has geared its
medium-term priorities to this forward-
looking science programme
(see page 16).
15
18. Interview
with
The brainstorming in 2013 on future
prospects for Mercator Ocean’s
operational oceanography science
activities provided the main thrust
for the Mercator Coriolis Mission
Group’s (GMMC) annual call for
tenders. Generally speaking, the call
for tenders requires that proposals
demonstrate the relevance of projects
for operational oceanography and that
activities lie within the framework of
applied research designed to enhance
Mercator Ocean’s current analysis and
forecasting systems, the CORIOLIS
centre, and the development of new-
generation systems in line with the
future prospects invoked. The call for
tenders clearly states its interest in
privileged partnership projects (PPR
– Projet en Partenariat Renforcé),
which are collaborative projects
proposed by research teams from
different laboratories with the support
of Mercator Ocean and/or Coriolis
personnel who make a significant
contribution. The request process for
Argo profiling floats has also been
greatly improved.
Scientific foresight has emphasised
a number of priority areas within
a broad range of themes as varied
as the dynamics of surface layers
and coupling with the atmosphere,
the global tide, emsemble-based
(or probabilistic) data assimilation,
the assimilation of future data or
current data not yet integrated and
observation system simulations (OSSE),
global and regional reanalyses, coupled
physics/biogeochemistry/biology
modelling and the complementarity
between the network of Argo floats
and satellite observations. In 2015, the
GMMC’s Scientific Council decided
to analyse the scientific foresight
recommendations in the context
of Mercator Ocean’s provision of
Copernicus services and of the
new CORIOLIS agreement, and to
strengthen its advisory role for both
entities.
Bernard Barnier,
GMMC(1)
Chairman
reviews the
« Scientific Foresight »
in 2014
16
19. (1) GMMC / GMMC (Groupe Mission Mercator Coriolis) : The Mercator Coriolis Mission Group
brings together research teams selected each year through a scientific call for tender.
The group is designed to undertake any research considered to usefully contribute to the
development and/or consolidation of both deep-sea and coastal operational oceanography.
LEFE / Since 2014, the GMMC has formed part of the LEFE programme on fluid envelopes
and the environment. LEFE is managed and coordinated by INSU, the French national institute
for universe sciences. This programme is implemented by ADEME, the CEA, CNRS, EDF, IRD,
MEDDE, CNES, INSU, Ifremer, IPEV, Meteo-France and Mercator Ocean.
(2) CORIOLIS / In situ data centre for measurements taken at sea through continuous,
sustainable data collection networks. These observations are made from ships or through
autonomous stationary or drifting systems.
1.6A new
dedicated
supercomputer
Computer resources are vital
for developing our activities.
Ocean20
Thanks to the support of the Information
Systems department (DSI) and its
cooperation with Meteo-France, Mercator
Ocean’s RD and operational production
departments benefit from powerful
computational equipment geared to its
objectives. Looking ahead to global ocean
reanalysis at 1/12° using 75 levels, which
requires a near-constant occupation of
considerable computer power, Mercator
Ocean’s Information Systems department
had issued a call for tenders in autumn
2013 in order to purchase a dedicated
supercomputer. Last April, the decision
was taken to buy a BULL supercomputer
delivering 30 teraflops of power,
commissioned in the summer to fulfil its
dedicated function.
The high-resolution models developed by
Mercator Ocean also require substantial
data storage and archiving means. The DSI
continues to make use of Meteo-France
facilities and has estimated general needs
at 2 petabytes for archiving data produced
in 2014. A call for tenders was issued in
September 2014 to update and dilate our
own data storage and archiving space.
17
22. 20
The Production Services department is constantly seeking to
deliver on time, comply with service commitments, solve problems
quickly, remain in touch and provide constant support to our
partners and an ever-increasing number of Mercator Ocean and
MyOcean service users.
2.1Produce and serve
continuously
The priority in 2014,
more than ever,
was service continuity
against a background
of new products, two changes
in the MyOcean service and
planned stoppages in the
production line.
ÎÎ handled two production line stoppages.
Although perfectly planned, these stoppages
involved difficult transitions. The first, in
the first half of 2014, involved the definitive
transition of Mercator Ocean systems from
the old Meteo-France computers (shut down)
to the first machine of the new Meteo-France
supercomputer platform. Later in the year,
operational production was switched over to the
second Meteo-France machine on the Toulouse-
Montaudran site (Espace Clément Ader).
of the team in charge of
operational production
(Operations and Services
department) were considerable.
In addition to the daily and
weekly routine workload to operate
and maintain Mercator Ocean’s 11
operational systems (see graph 1), the team also :
ÎÎ integrated the global biology model and the
high-resolution North-East Atlantic model into
the operational sequence at the time of the
annual MyOcean service release in April 2014,
ÎÎ prepared all the bespoke products for
Mercator Ocean users (see graph 2),
ÎÎ improved the production line integration
processes so as to systematically display the
quality of production, particularly by developing
an automated measurement capability for both
technical and scientific performance,
ÎÎ drafted detailed technical information records
for potential users,
The
challenges
23. Deliveries on the rise
The implementation of first three then four
daily real-time systems since 2013 has led to
an increase in the volume of data delivered : in
2014, 40 terabytes were distributed (22 for real-
time products and 18 for delayed time products,
including 13.7 terabytes for GLORYS).
The Service Desk is responsible for relations with
Mercator Ocean and MyOcean users. In 2014, the
team had to cope with a substantial increase in
the services delivered to Mercator Ocean users
and in the number of subscribers to MyOcean,
requiring both assistance and support :
0
2012 2013 2014
5
10
15
20
17,2
7
1,65 2
16
16,8
16,6
22
1,2
25
Data traffic (Tb)
real-time ftp (Tb) delayed time ftp (Tb) removable disk (To)
System
performance
in 2014
(graph 1)
Mercator Ocean
bespoke service
101 bespoke services delivered in 2014,
including 56 regular services (expert appraisals
and « real-time » numerical products) and 45 one-
off services (expert appraisals and delivery of
« delayed time » numerical products).
Bespoke services accounted for around
10,000 deliveries in 2014, compared
to 7,000 the previous year, an increase of
42%
MyOcean
pre-operational
service
The MyOcean Service Desk continued to register
some 100 to 150 new users per month in 2014,
reaching a total of 4,600 subscribers worldwide,
compared to 3,200 in late 2013 i.e. an increase of
43%
Downloads are consequently on the increase.
PSY2QV4R4
Optimal 97.27
Ok 98.9
Degraded 1.09
Nominal 1.64
IBI36QV4R1
Optimal 80.20
Ok 92.46
Degraded 7.54
Nominal 12.26
PSY4V2R2
Optimal 98.08
Ok 98.08
Degraded 1.92
Nominal 0
PSY3V3R3
Optimal 100
Ok 100
Degraded 0
Nominal 0
PSY2V4R4
Optimal 100
Ok 100
Degraded 0
Nominal 0
IBI36V4R1
Optimal 100
Ok 100
Degraded 0
Nominal 0
PSY2G3R3
Optimal 98.08
Ok 98.08
Degraded 1.92
Nominal 0
BIOMERV1VR4
Optimal 100
Ok 100
Degraded 0
Nominal 0
PSY4QV2R2
Optimal 96.17
Ok 98.9
Degraded 1.09
Nominal 2.74
PSY3WV3R3
Optimal 99.18
Ok 100
Degraded 0
Nominal 0.82
Data traffic (Tb) (graph 2)
21
24. 2.2Identify and
target users
A newcomer
The new biology global
reanalysis product was added
to the catalogue in June 2014
and by December 2014 had
already climbed to the 13th
most popular download.
The Mercator Ocean products in the
April 2014 release of the 124-product
MyOcean catalogue are among the most
popular, with the daily global product
downloaded by 341 users (32 terabytes).
The other very popular product is global
reanalysis.
400
341
254
166 164
150
127
96 89 88 83
80
70 68 66 61 60 59 58 55 54
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_001_002
GLOBAL_REANALYSIS_PHYS_001_009
GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_PHYS_001_003
GLOBAL_ANALYSIS_BIO_001_014
NORTHWESTSHELF_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_004_BALTICSEA_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_003_006_
ARCTIC_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_002_001
GLOBAL_REP_FPHYS_001_013
MEDSEA_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_006_001_a
MEDSEA_REANALYSIS_PHYS_006_004
IBI_ANALYSIS_FORECAST_PHYS_005_001_b
SST_GLO_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_001
SST_GLO_SST_L4_REP_OBSERVATIONS_010_011
SST_MED_SST_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_004
SST_MED_SST_L35_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_010_012
INSITU_MED_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_013_035
INSITU_GLO_NRT_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_013_030
WIND_GLO_WIND_L4_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_012_004
WIND_GLO_WIND_L3_NRT_OBSERVATIONS_012_002
WIND_GLO_WIND_L4_CLIM_OBSERVATIONS_012_0_
MyOcean 2014
Top 20 of the downloaded products
Utilisateurs
MyOcean 2014
Top 20 of the downloaded products
22
25. MyOcean User
Workshop
Mercator Ocean holds
an annual MyOcean
User Workshop. It offers
users the chance to
meet and converse with
other MyOcean service
users, and gives Mercator
Ocean the opportunity
of informing them on
service developments and
listening to their needs. In
June 2014, the MyOcean
User Workshop was held
in partnership with the
European Maritime Safety
Agency (EMSA), one of the
key users of MyOcean in
Lisbon. We hosted some
100 users. There was a
specific focus on maritime
safety, and the Portuguese
community were given the
opportunity to express
their specific needs over
the 2-day event. One
of the surprises of this
workshop was to note how
mature MyOcean users
are becoming through
their participation, with
more precise and concrete
requests concerning
data access, validation
and quality in addition to
resolution.
Dedicated extranet
Two of our founding members,
Meteo-France and SHOM, have
dedicated access to extranet
pages offering them a direct,
up-to-date view of the services
supplied to them.
Espace premium
SHOM
Meteo-France
premium space
420
pages were consulted
281
single visits
405
pages were consulted
264
single visits
A new « Image Bulletin »
In September 2014, the new
« Image bulletin » was published
for the first time. More user-
friendly and more visual, it
is open to all users, whether
scientists or not. They are « live
ocean forecasts ».
23
26. Still on the subject of MyOcean,
Mercator Ocean signed a major
contract with the International
Council for the Exploration of
the Sea (ICES) which will exploit
our data for fisheries in the
North Atlantic.
In order to meet one of the needs expressed
during the User Workshop, the Marketing
Communication team worked on a simple, easy-
to-use schematic e-tool printable from the
MyOcean website, offering users a full overview
of all the product specifications through two
documents :
ÎÎ diagram of products dedicated to models,
ÎÎ diagram of products dedicated to
observations.
This tool will be updated on each service release.
Feedback has been very positive.
Overview of the MyOcean in situ products.
24
27. For a service ever closer to users and in order
to build up a real MyOcean community, the
Marketing Communication team initiated a
collaborative forum in March 2014. The service
desk helps moderate the forum when addressing
scientific or technical issues.
By late 2014, 2,400 users were participating with
nearly 22,000 pages consulted.
Screenshot of the MyOcean collaborative forum web page
(forum.marine.copernicus.eu)
25
30. 28
Finalising the project stage
In 2014, as the deadline approached, it
became particularly important for the
MyOcean2 project to fulfil expectations
and meet all its objectives, including
the annual service release in April 2014.
The coordination of these activities,
the collection of contributions from
all 59 partners and exchanges with
the European Commission led to a
particularly intense workload, especially
with concomitant preparations for the
ultimate project, MyOcean Follow-on,
kicked off in September 2014 shortly
after the MyOcean Science Days,
attended by the MyOcean consortium
scientists.
the MyOcean projects funded by the European Union’s RD
framework programmes (FP7, Horizon 2020) have aimed to show
the relevance and feasibility of a European Copernicus Marine
Service around 2014-2015.
Since 2009,
Our roadmaps and
organisational projects
were suddenly subject
to a paradigm shift
in the first quarter of
2014, requiring rapid
adjustments.
The proposal
The Marine Service is one of six services
proposed by the EU’s Copernicus programme.
After approving Copernicus regulations and
attributing a large budget within the EU 2014-
2020 Financial Framework, the European
Commission had to select Copernicus service
operators. Three of the services—including the
Marine Service—were chosen on the basis of a
call for expressions of interest issued in January
2014.
31. An unexpected
selection process
For the Marine Service, there
was only one response to this
call for expressions of interest—
that of the ECOMF consortium
(European Centre for Ocean
Monitoring and Forecasting),
coordinated by Mercator Ocean.
The consortium comprises 14
national organisations, most
of which are key institutional
players in the MyOcean
projects, having expressed
through a Memorandum of
Understanding signed in 2012
their desire to form a European
structure to provide the
Copernicus Marine Service.
However, in March 2014, the
European Commission decided
to propose negotiations for
a delegation agreement not
to the ECOMF consortium
but to Mercator Ocean alone.
This decision, accompanied
by the requirement that
Mercator Ocean become more
European—a move approved
by its partners—mainly sought
to foster open competition for
the Marine Service components
not supplied by Mercator Ocean
(the vast majority).
Following this decision, over
half of 2014 was therefore
spent, against all expectations,
in negotiating a delegation
agreement with the EU. These
negotiations covered in
particular the administrative
and legal aspects of the
contract, the technical
appendix which defines the
scope and content of the
tasks and activities expected
of Mercator Ocean, and the
associated budgets. Once
approved by the European
Commission, the delegation
agreement on setting up the
Marine Service was signed on
11 November 2014 by Daniel
Calleja Crespo, Director General
of DG GROW (Internal Market,
Industry, Entrepreneurship
and SMEs) and Pierre Bahurel,
Director of Mercator Ocean.
Through this agreement, the
European Union delegates
to Mercator Ocean the
commissioning and operation
of the Copernicus Marine
Service up to March 2021.
Mercator Ocean will have to
manage a budget of €144
million, three-quarters of which
will be outsourced following
competitive selection.
This agreement,
of capital importance not
only for Mercator Ocean but
also for all the players and users
of European operational
oceanography, consolidates
the whole value chain, from
the space segment and in situ
observation resources to public
services and sellers adding value
to these observations.
11 Novembre 2014,
Signing of the delegation agreement.
Right to left: Daniel Calleja Crespo, Director
General of the European Commission’s DG
« GROW », and Pierre Bahurel, Director of
Mercator Ocean and Coordinator of the
MyOcean project.
29
32. As the reviewer in charge of investigating the
MyOcean Follow-On project, my job was to
monitor and ensure on behalf of the European
Commission that the project was proceeding as
planned so as to guarantee that all the activities
underway were in keeping with the contractual
obligations and functional expectations
of the Copernicus Marine Service. The
exceptional results already obtained during the
previous MyOcean and MyOcean2 projects
were confirmed by MyOcean Follow-On :
reliable operational services and high-quality
oceanographic products of the physical ocean
and its biogeochemical aspects.
Virginia Puzzolo,
(EC REA Officer)
Viewpoint of a reviewer appointed
by the European Commission to examine
MyOcean projects
Interview
with
30
33. The robust project engineering and high-tech
scientific approach of the MyOcean Follow-On
teams allowed them to meet the very high level
of requirements in both quality and operational
terms. The excellent results and performance
of this major consortium are due to the close
coordination of Mercator Ocean and the tangible
involvement of all its teams over the years.
Representatives of the MyOcean2 project
(kick-off at Brussels)
31
36. A huge project
Mercator Ocean aims for
universal excellence, whether
in scientific, operational or
management domains. The
administrative and financial
management teams rose to
the challenge, making one of
the most crucial contributions
of the year by laying the
foundations for managing
both the financial and human
resources aspects of an EU
service.
Administrative
management
Early in the year, tools for
measuring and communicating
management information
to in-house executives were
developed, tested and made
reliable. At the same time,
the Information Systems
department lent its support
to tailor the ERP management
system, which became fully
automated in the first quarter
of 2015.
Human resources
To assist with future changes,
the Administration and Finance
department began working on
the management of jobs and
skills (“GPEC” project), so as
to match Mercator Ocean’s
human resources to needs
arising from the European
service. Job descriptions were
reviewed and audited. The
tasks of each person were
mapped, including projections
concerning the end of MyOcean
(reduction or stoppage of
certain activities) and the
beginning of tasks related to
the Copernicus Marine Service
(new responsibilities, new skills).
In September 2014, an action
plan was drawn up to support
and smooth the transfer of
competencies and define new
profiles. A new structure will
emerge for 2015.
From proposal to
deployment
The finance management team
also brought its legal, fiscal
and financial expertise to bear
throughout the process of
structuring and deploying the
Copernicus Marine Service
delegation. It thus helped with
Mercator Ocean’s response
to the call for expressions
of interest in January, the
European Commission
selection process in March, a
management audit (see box)
and prepared calls for tenders.
Mercator Ocean had to make the transition
in early 2014 from coordinator of a collegial
structure to an entity acting on its own
behalf.
Adapt to meet
EU requirements
34
37. A high-risk audit
« Mercator Ocean’s
application inevitably led to
an audit. In May 2014, the
European Commission and
auditors PwC gave us ten
days’ notice.
We were subject to a new
audit scheme enforced by
the European Commission
whereby the auditor has to
issue an opinion on Mercator
Ocean’s ability to fulfil the
delegation correctly. The risks
were very real. The audit
covered management in its
broadest sense and its four
pillars—accounting system,
purchases, in-house quality
control and external control.
The auditors spent close to
one month on the premises
to thoroughly examine
everything.
Their opinion, formulated
early in the summer, was
positive, with ‘only’ 13
recommendations on in-
house control (a figure much
lower than the standards).
All 13 were implemented
within three months. »
Lydie Marty,
Director of Mercator Ocean’s Administration
and Finance department
Interview
with
35
40. 5.1
Operational
oceanography, a national
and regional presence
The delegation agreement
signed by Mercator Ocean and
the European Commission is
the result of over 20 years of
constant investments by French
institutions in the human
resources and infrastructures
needed to construct and
consolidate operational
oceanography. In addition to
its European and global scope,
and because Mercator Ocean is
headquartered in Toulouse, the
Copernicus Marine Service is
a showcase for all the regional
and national players involved in
these activities.
A showcase for the
region
Local authorities, and
particularly the Midi-Pyrenees
Regional Council and Toulouse
Métropole, have been and
remain today contributors to
this success by their long-term
support in shaping this regional
industry. The European and
indeed global dimension of the
Copernicus Marine Service
is also helping to spread the
renown of these regions abroad.
National coordination
Mercator Ocean has
contributed to the national
coordination of Copernicus,
supervised by the French
Ministry of Higher Education
and Research, and the drafting
of national viewpoints on this
programme in preparation
for debates and decisions
to be taken within European
governance bodies.
European coordination
As a member of the EuroGOOS
non-profit organisation,
Mercator Ocean supports
the community in its efforts
to defend the interests of
operational oceanography and
foster activities, especially
in the Mediterranean
(MONGOOS), the Ireland-
Biscay-Iberia region (IBI-
ROOS) and the Arctic (Arctic
ROOS). In September 2014,
Mercator Ocean attended the
seventh EuroGOOS conference
in Lisbon on the sustainable
development of the « blue
economy ». The conference also
marked the organisation’s 20th
anniversary.
ÎÎ France-Canada
Under the terms of an agreement between
Meteo-France and Environment Canada,
Mercator Ocean is involved in a cooperative
science programme with Environment Canada.
The programme’s first progress meeting was
held in September 2014. The main focus of this
meeting was to exchange mutual tools—the
NEMO platform and the SAM data assimilation
system—and global and regional Arctic
configurations.
All Mercator Ocean partners are its ambassadors, raising its
profile in France and abroad in scientific, institutional and
economic arenas.
Two major international
partnerships marked
2014 :
38
41. 2014, a key year for
French-Canadian partnership
Pierre Pellerin,
Research Director, Environmental Numerical
Weather Prediction Research, Meteorological
Research Division, Environment Canada :
2014 was a critical year for French-Canadian
cooperation
In 2004, a Canadian committee of
interministerial experts recommended
the instigation of an international
partnership with Mercator Ocean,
so as to equip Canada with an
operational capability in the
realm of global oceanographic
forecasting. After 10 years of effort,
France and Canada have set up
a complementary, robust scientific
partnership in the shape of a
Memorandum of Understanding on
data assimilation and modelling led
by Meteo-France and Environment
Canada. The Canadian coalition
comprises three Ministries : the
Environment, Fisheries and Oceans,
and Defence.
« We developed a global prediction
system geared to the needs of
our country on the basis of
Mercator Ocean innovations. The
Canadian version of the SAM
oceanography data assimilation
system incorporates a sea surface
temperature assimilation component
and a sea ice assimilation component
developed in Canada. The modelling
component also differs slightly
from the French version, as the ice
model for the Canadian component
comes from the Community Ice
CodE (CICE). Particular care was
taken when developing the system
to ensure consistency between the
ocean-ice forecasting component
and the atmospheric forecasting
component. The attention paid to
the atmosphere-ocean-ice interface
enabled optimal development of an
operational coupled system within the
Meteorological Service of Canada.”
Interview
with
39
42. France-China
The signing of a partnership agreement
with China’s National Marine Environmental
Forecasting Centre (NMEFC). Signed on 14
October 2014 during the GODAE OceanView
international forum for ocean forecasters,
the agreement provides for a bipartite RD
cooperation with expert input from Mercator
Ocean on high-resolution global ocean products
and expert input from the NMEFC on regional
models in the North Pacific and the China Sea.
The shared objective is to improve the numerical
representation of the ocean and fine-tune
ÎÎ Indonesian seas
Contribution to the development and qualification of
INDESO, the regional analysis and ocean forecasting
system in Indonesia developed by CLS. Mercator Ocean
added the biogeochemical component by coupling
the physical and biogeochemical models over a region
including Indonesian waters.
5.2Mercator Ocean also
participated in various
international projects :
the ocean forecasts in this part of the world.
The agreement was signed in Beijing by Pierre
Bahurel, Director of Mercator Ocean, and Dr
Hui Wang, Director of the NMEFC, against a
background of 50 years of French-Chinese
scientific innovation, led by the MAE. The event
was honoured by the presence of the scientific
and technological counsel of the French Embassy
in Beijing, Mr Norbert Paluch, in addition to
official representatives from China’s State
Oceanic Administration, the NMEFC’s supervisory
authority.
Opposite: Elodie Gutknecht and Guillaume Refray,
the two Mercator Ocean scientists involved in INDESO
40
43. « Class 4 » diagnostics (terminology coined by Crosnier
and Le Provost in 2007) are used as standard validation
and intercomparison tools for ocean forecasting both
Europe-wide (MERSEA then MyOcean) and worldwide
(GODAE). They are used to add to the observation file
the equivalent of the observation over time and space,
analysed or planned at different deadlines by different
forecasting systems. They can also keep persistence for
the last analysis in addition to the climatology value
so as to construct forecasting scores for comparison
between different systems. This is the subject of the
publication by Ryan et al (2015, publication accepted
in 2014), scientists in GODAE’s Intercomparison and
Validation Task Team.
This figure, from Ryan et al (2015), shows the anomaly
correlation scores for predicted sea level anomalies
(SLA) for Mercator Ocean’s PSY3 and PSY4 forecasting
systems, the UK Met Office’s Forecast Ocean
Assimilation Model (FOAM) and Canada’s Global
Ice-Ocean Prediction System (GIOPS). An ensemble
product based on the mean of the different systems
is also assessed. This shows the advantage of PSY4
for predicting SLA, it being the only one produced on a
scale of 1/12° (all the others being at ¼°). The ensemble
is used to improve the score, confirming previous results
from ocean current analyses (Scott et al, 2012).
ÎÎ GODAE Ocean View
Involvement in GODAE OceanView, an
international network of operational
oceanography centres. Mercator Ocean took
part in the annual meeting of the GODAE
OceanView science team in October 2014, helped
coordinate a working group on intercomparison
(see illustration) and contributed to the
Laurence Crosnier, Christian Le Provost. Inter-comparing five forecast operational systems in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean
basins : The MERSEA-strand1 methodology. Journal of Marine Systems, Elsevier, 2007, 65 (1-4), pp.354-375. Doi : 10.1016/j.
jmarsys.2005.01.003.
A.G. Ryan, C. Regnier, P. Divakaran, T. Spindler, A. Mehra, G.C. Smith, F. Davidson, F. Hernandez, J. Maksymczuk and Y. Liu : GODAE
OceanView Class 4 forecast verification framework : Global ocean inter-comparison. Journal of Operational Oceanography, 2015
http ://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1755876X.2015.1022330
Scott, R. B., N. Ferry, M. Drevillon, C. N. Barron, N. C. Jourdain, J.-M. Lellouche, E. J. Metzger, M.-H. Rio, and O. M. Smedstad, Estimates
of surface drifter trajectories in the equatorial Atlantic : A multi-model ensemble approach, Ocean Dynamics, 62, 1091-1109, 2012,
doi :10.1007/s10236-012-0548-2.
(1)
(2)
(3)
validation of products from systems, participated
in the JCOMM Expert Team on Operational
Oceanography Forecasting Systems (ET-OOFS),
the joint intergovernmental technical committee
of the World Meteorological Organisation
(WMO) and the International Oceanographic
Commission (IOC).
SLA all Global Ocean
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
Best estimate 12h 36h
Forecast lead time (hours)
60h 84h 108h
correlation
FOAM
GIOPS
ensemble
PSY3
PSY4
FOAM GIOPS ensemblePSY3 PSY4
SLA all Global Ocean
41
44. ÎÎ WGOOFE
Participation alongside IFREMER in a working group
on operational oceanographic products for fisheries
(WGOOPF) under the International Council for the
Exploration of the Sea (ICES). The goal is to bring
producers of operational oceanography closer to users
by trying to interest both French and European users in
oceanography products and services,
ÎÎ Visit of the Japan Aerospace
Exploration Agency
Mercator Ocean is always pleased to
host foreign delegations. In December
2014, the Japan Aerospace Exploration
Agency (JAXA) came to visit, resulting
in a fruitful exchange of information
on satellite data upstream of our
production line.
ÎÎ OSTST
Input to the Ocean Surface Topography
Science Team (OSTST), where CNES and
NASA organise scientific discussions
on altimetry in order to enhance current
products and define future missions (like
for SARAL and OCAPI missions). In June
2014, Mercator Ocean also took part in
the SWOT Science Definition Team.
42
45. ÎÎ CMF
The French maritime community within the
French maritime cluster (CMF), of which Mercator
Ocean has been a member since November
2014. The goal is to raise our profile among this
community of end users and better discern their
needs and developments.
ÎÎ ECSITE
ECSITE, the community of 350 international
organisations in charge of scientific outreach
among the general public (with a focus on
science parks, museums and the like), always
eager to obtain new educational resources.
This door gives us broader access to the
general public through our visual productions
and knowledge-sharing in science centres and
parks. In 2014, Mercator Ocean reached out to
the general public through
various temporary or
permanent exhibits in the
Cité de l’Espace theme
park in Toulouse (300,000
visitors/year), the Toulouse
Natural History Museum
(240,000 visitors/year) and
the Oceanopolis aquarium
and theme park in Brest
(450,000 visitors/year).
ÎÎ 7th
continent expedition
Our contribution to the 7th continent
expedition in the North Atlantic off the
Sargasso Sea. Not only did we supply
current forecasts but our particle drift
simulations enabled the expedition to
locate areas where it was likely that
plastic waste would amass. There was
extensive media coverage of these
activities in the press, on television and
on Internet.
ÎÎ Support for the Tara
and Polar Pod expeditions
In 2014, Mercator Ocean began
preparing activities to support the Tara
and Polar Pod expeditions. The latter
includes a joint science project
(see box by Jean-Louis Etienne,
page 44).
In 2014,
Mercator Ocean
reached out to two new
communities :
and is capitalising
on its expertise through
scientific sponsorship
and expedition
support :
43
46. Mercator Ocean to participate in
the polar pod expedition’s science
projects.
The Antarctic Circumpolar Current
amasses superlatives, being the
longest (25,000 km) and most
powerful current on the planet. Driven
by the legendary westerly winds, it
encircles the Antarctic at a latitude
that sailors call the « furious fifties ».
Just like a drive belt, it connects the
waters of the Atlantic, Indian and
Pacific Oceans, driving global ocean
circulation. Its cold waters are a huge
carbon sink for the planet. Although
it has a major impact on the climate
and is a vast reservoir of marine
biodiversity, the Southern Ocean
remains largely unknown.
This is the challenge taken up by
the Polar Pod, a « vertical » vessel
designed to drift with the circumpolar
current and fuel scientific research
from 2016 on. Like a floating
laboratory, the Polar Pod will
investigate various scientific research
topics, including atmosphere-ocean
exchanges. It will also be used to draw
up an inventory of fauna by acoustic
methods and to validate satellite
measurements.
These research topics interest a huge
international scientific community.
In France, keen interest is shown by
the community gathered around
Mercator Ocean and its five founding
members, key players in operational
oceanography and committed to this
scientific adventure in the Southern
Ocean. According to the simulations
carried out by Mercator Ocean and
the drift calculations produced by
Meteo-France, it should take three
years to drift around the Antarctic,
so long as the Polar Pod remains in
the right current veins, the Antarctic
Circumpolar Current being irregular.
Polar Pod investigations will enhance
the community’s knowledge, and
indeed that of all researchers in
this polar region of such critical
importance to the study of global
warming.
Jean-Louis Etienne,
expedition leader, explains :
Interview
with
44
47. 5.3Mercator Ocean and MyOcean also raise people’s awareness
through their digital resources :
Digital media
17,216visitors
Mercator Ocean
Website 2014
+ 7%
vs 2013
2,381
visitors
MyOcean
Web 2.0 Forum 2014
New
in 2014
259,866
visitors
MyOcean
Website 2014
+ 79%
vs 2013
860visits
260Likes
Mercator Ocean
FaceBook 2014
+ 39%
vs 2013
+ 60%
vs 2013
45
48. Marina Tonani, Magdalena Balmaseda,
Laurent Bertino, Ed Blockley,
Gary Brassington, Fraser Davidson,
Yann Drillet, Pat Hogan,
Tsurane Kurano, Tony Lee,
Arichal Mehra, Francis Paranathara,
Clemente A. S. Tanajura, Hui Wang,
2014.
Status and future of global and
regional ocean prediction systems.
Submitted to Special Issue
in Journal of Oceanography.
GB Brassington, MJ Martin,
HL Tolman, S Akella, M Balmeseda,
CRS Chambers, JA Cummings,
Y Drillet, PAEM Jansen, P Laloyaux,
D Lea, A Mehra, I Mirouze, H Ritchie,
G Samson, PA Sandery, GC Smith,
M. Suarez and R Todling, 20144
Progress and challenges in short-
to medium-range coupled prediction.
Submitted to Special Issue
in Journal of Oceanography.
M. Gehlen, R. Barciela, L. Bertino,
P. Brasseur, M. Butenschön,
F. Chai, A. Crise, Y. Drillet, D. Ford, D.
Lavoie, P. Lehodey, C. Perruche,
A. Samuelsen, 2014.
Building the capacity for forecasting
marine biogeochemistry and
ecosystems : recent advances and
future developments.
Submitted to Special Issue
in Journal of Oceanography.
MJ Martin,M Balmaseda, L Bertino,
P Brasseur, G Brassington,
J Cummings, Y Fujii, DJ Lea,
J-M Lellouche, K Mogensen, P Oke,
GC Smith, C-E Testut, GA Waagbø,
J Waters, AT Weaver, 2014.
Status and future of data assimilation
in operational oceanography.
Submitted to this special issue in
Journal of Operational Oceanography.
Peter R. Oke, Gilles Larnicol,
Yosuke Fujii, Gregory C. Smith,
Daniel J. Lea, Stephanie Guinehut,
Elisabeth Remy, Magdalena Alonso
Balmaseda, Tatiana Rykova,
Dorina Surcel-Colan,
Matthew J. Martin, Alistair A. Sellar,
Sandrine Mulet, Victor Turpin, 2014.
Assessing the impact of observations
on ocean forecasts and reanalyses :
Part 1, Global studies.
Submitted to this special issue in
Journal of Operational Oceanography.
A. G. Ryan, C. Regnier, P. Divakaran,
T. Spindler, A. Mehra, F. Hernandez,
G. C. Smith, Y. Y. Liu, and F. Davidson.
2014.
GODAE OceanView Class 4 forecast
verification framework : Global ocean
inter-comparison.
Submitted in Journal of Operational
Oceanography
F. Hernandez, E. Blockley,
G. Brassington, F. Davidson,
P. Divakaran, M. Drévillon, Y. Fujii,
M. Garcia-Sotillo, P. J. Hogan,
S. Ishizaki, P. Lagemaa, B. Levier,
M. Martin, A. Mehra, C. Mooers,
N. Ferry, A. Ryan, C. Regnier, A. Sellar,
G. C. Smith, S. Sofianos, T. Spindler,
G. Volpe, J. Wilkin, E. D. Zaron,
A. Zhang, 2014.
Performance evaluations, near real-
time assessment of operational
oceanography forecast products.
Submitted in Journal of Operational
Oceanography
Y. Drillet, J. M. Lellouche, B. Levier,
M. Drévillon, O. Le Galloudec,
G. Reffray, C. Regnier, E. Greiner,
and M. Clavier.
Forecasting the mixed layer depth in
the north east Atlantic : an ensemble
approach, with uncertainties based
on data from operational oceanic
systems Ocean Sci. Discuss., 11, 1435-
1472, 2014.
http ://www.ocean-sci-discuss.
net/11/1435/2014/osd-11-1435-2014.
html
G Quattrocchi, P De Mey, CE Testut,
N Ayoub, G Reffray, J Chanut,
Y Drillet, V D Vervatis, 2014.
Characterisation of errors of a
regional model of the Bay of Biscay
in response to wind uncertainties : a
first step toward the choice of a data
assimilation system for coastal seas.
Submitted. Journal Of Operational
Oceanography, Vol 7 N°2 pp25-34,
Aug 2014.
Jourdain, N. C., Barnier, B., Ferry, N.,
Vialard, J., Menkès, C. E., Lengaigne,
M., Parent, L. (2014).
Tropical cyclones in two atmospheric
(re) analyses and their response in two
oceanic reanalyses.
Ocean Modelling, 73, 108-122.
A. M. Treguier, J. Deshayes,
J. Le Sommer, C. Lique, G. Madec,
T. Penduff, J.-M. Molines, B. Barnier,
R. Bourdalle-Badie, and C. Talandier,
2014.
Meridional transport of salt in the
global ocean from an eddy-resolving
model.
Ocean Sci., 10, 243-255, 2014.
Clivar exchanges N°64 (Vol19No1) Feb
2014.
Special Issue : Ongoing Efforts on
Ocean Reanalyses Intercomparison.
http://www.clivar.org/sites/default/
files/Exchanges/Exchanges_64.pdf
2014Publications
46
49. M. A. Balmaseda, F. Hernandez,
A. Storto, M. Palmer, L. Shi, G. Smith,
T. Toyoda, M. Valdivieso , O. Alves,
B. Barnier,T. Boyer, Y. Chang,
G. A. Chepurin, N. Ferry, G. Forget,
Y. Fujii, S. Good, S. Guinehut,
K. Haines, Y. Ishikawa , S. Keeley,
A. Köhl, T. Lee, M. Martin, S. Masina,
S. Masuda, B. Meyssignac,
K. Mogensen, L. Parent,
K. A. Peterson, Y. Yin, G. Vernieres,
X. Wang, J. Waters, R. Wedd,
O. Wang, Y. Xue, M. Chevallier,
J-F. Lemieux, F. Dupont, T. Kuragano,
M. Kamachi, T. Awaji,
K. Wilmer-Becker, F. Gaillard, 2014.
The Ocean Reanalyses
Intercomparison Project(ORA-IP).
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp3-7, feb 2014.
M. Palmer, M. Balmaseda, Y.-S. Chang,
G. Chepurin, Y. Fujii, S. Good,
S. Guinehut, F. Hernandez, M. Martin,
S. Masuda, K.A. Peterson, T. Toyoda,
M. Valdivieso, G. Vernieres, O. Wang
and Y. Xue, 2014.
CLIVAR-GSOP/GODAE
intercomparison of ocean heat
content : initial results.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp8-10, feb 2014.
O. Alves, L. Shi, R. Wedd, M. Balmaseda,
Y. Chang, G. Chepurin,Y. Fujii,
F. Gaillard, S. Good, S. Guinehut,
K. Haines, F. Hernandez, T. Lee,
M. Palmer, K.A. Peterson, S. Smasuda,
A. Storto, T. Toyoda, M. Valdivieso,
G. Vernieres, X. Wang, Y. Yin, 2014.
An Assessment of Upper Ocean
Salinity Reanalyses from CLIVAR
GSOP/GODAE Systems.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp11-14, feb 2014.
A. Storto, S. Masina, M. Balmaseda,
S. Guinehut, M. Martin, K.A. Peterson,
S. Good, M. Valdivieso, K. Haines,
A. Köhl, Y. Yin, L. Shi, G. Smith,
Y-S. Chang, G. Vernieres , X. Wang,
O. Wang, T. Lee N. Ferry, Y. Fujii,
F. Hernandez, Y. Ishikawa, S. Masuda
and the ORA-IP Group, 2014.
Comparison of Steric Sea Level from
Ocean Reanalyses and Objective
Analyses.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp15-17, feb 2014.
F. Hernandez, N. Ferry,
M. Balmaseda,Y.-S. Chang, G. Chepurin,
Y. Fujii,S. Guinehut, A. Köhl, M. Martin,
B. Meyssignac, L. Parent,
K.A. Peterson, A. Storto, T. Toyoda,
M. Valdivieso, G. Vernieres, O. Wang,
X. Wang, Y. Xue, and Y. Yin, 2014.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp18-21, feb 2014.
T. Toyoda, Y. Fujii, T. Kuragano,
M. Kamachi, Y. Ishikawa, S. Masuda,
T. Awaji, F. Hernandez, N. Ferry,
S. Guinehut, M. Martin, K. A. Peterson,
S. Good, M. Valdivieso, K. Haines,
A. Storto, A. Köhl, Y. Yin, L. Shi,
G. Smith, Y. Chang, G. Vernieres,
X. Wang, O. Wang, T. Lee, M.
Balmaseda, 2014.
Mixed layer depth intercomparison
among global ocean syntheses/
reanalyses.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp22-24, feb 2014.
F. Hernandez, N. Ferry,
M. Balmaseda,Y.-S. Chang, G. Chepurin,
Y. Fujii,S. Good, S. Guinehut, A. Köhl,
M. Martin, L. Parent, K.A. Peterson,
A. Storto, T. Toyoda, M. Valdivieso,
G. Vernieres, 2014.
ORA-IP Depth of the 20°C isotherm :
First results.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp25-27, feb 2014.
Maria Valdivieso, Keith Haines,
Magdalena Balmaseda,
Bernard Barnier, You-Soon Chang,
Nicolas Ferry, Yosuke Fujii,
Armin Koehl, Tong Lee, Matt Martin,
Andrea Storto, Takahiro Toyoda,
Xiaochun Wang, Jennifer Waters,
Yan Xue and Yonghong Yin, 2014.
Heat fluxes from ocean and coupled
reanalyses.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp28-31, feb 2014.
G. Smith, M. Chevallier, J-F. Lemieux,
F. Dupont, G. Vernieres, A. Storto,
T. Toyoda, Y. Fujii, Y. Chang,
M. Valdivieso, K. A. Peterson, N. Ferry,
F. Hernandez, M. A. Balmaseda,
S. Keeley, X. Wang, 2014.
Preliminary Evaluation of Sea Ice
Fields from the Ocean Reanalyses
Intercomparison Project.
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp32-34, feb 2014.
M. A. Balmaseda, F. Hernandez,T. Lee,
A. Storto, M. Valdivieso,
K. Wilmer-Becker, 2014.
Workshop Report on the Ocean
Reanalyses Intercomparison
Project(ORA-IP).
Clivar exchanges N°64, Vol19 No1
pp35-35, feb 2014.
47
50. Projects selected following
the LEFE-GMMC 2014 call
for tender and kicked off in 2014
GLISEN Alban LAZAR
PPR Blanc Christine PROVOST
ENIGME Guillaume CHARRIA
GERONIMO Pascal LASURE
SIMBAD Florian LEMARIE
SIMED-2 Thomas ARSOUZE
Coastal circulation Pascal DOUILLET
in New Caledonia
AMICO-BIO Christel PINAZO
ENGLOBE Julien LE SOMMER
DRAKKAR Bernard BARNIER
Anne Marie TREGUIER
Projects selected following
the LEFE-GMMC 2015 call for tender
and to be kicked off in 2015
SAM-NG Pierre BRASSEUR
MAREMED Yann OURMIERES
SIMBAD Florian LEMARIE
2014Projects
European FP7
and H2020 funding
MyOcean2
MyOcean Follow On
ERA-CLIM2
E-aims
ICE ARC
ANR funding
REMEMBER
PULSATION
Other funding
AMICO
Projects involving
Mercator Ocean
Con-
tentstents
55Stella
55maris
5Raising mercator ocean’s
5Raising mercator ocean’s
5profile worldwide
5profile worldwide
5p.37
PublicationsPublications
and projectsand projects
p.46
1Sentinel
1Sentinel
1of the seas
1of the seas
11Achievements
1in our core business
1in our core business
1p.5
48
51. Acronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryAcronyms glossaryArcticROOS
Arctic Regional Ocean
Observing System
ARGO
Argo is a system for
observing temperature,
salinity, and currents in the
Earth’s oceans.
AROME
Small scale atmospheric
prediction model operated
by Meteo-France
CMF
French Maritime Cluster
CMS, Météo-France
Space Meteorology Centre
of Meteo-France
CNRM
National Centre for
Meteorological Research at
Meteo-France
COPERNICUS
EU Space programme
managed by the European
Commission for monitoring
the Earth.
CORIOLIS
The Coriolis Data Centre
handles operational
oceanography
measurements made
in situ, complementing
the measurement of the
ocean surface made
using instruments aboard
satellites.
CREG
The Canadian Arctic
Ocean and Nordic seas
configuration
DCLIM
Direction of the
Climatology at Meteo-
France
E-Aims
Euro-Argo Improvement
project for the Copernicus
Marine Service
ECSITE
The European network
of science centres and
museums
ERA-CLIM2
ERA-CLIM2 project is
to apply and extend the
current global reanalysis
capability in Europe,
in order to meet the
challenging requirements
for climate monitoring,
climate research, and the
development of climate
services.
ERP
Enterprise Resource
Planning (business
management software
ET-OOFS
The Expert Team for
Operational Ocean
Forecast Systems has an
intergovernmental mandate
through JCOMM to provide
coordination of activities
at operational agencies.
EU
European Union
EuroGOOS
International Non-
Profit Association of
national governmental
agencies and research
organisations, committed
to European-scale
operational oceanography
within the context of the
intergovernmental Global
Ocean Observing System
(GOOS).
FP7
EU’s 7th Framework
Programme for Research
and Technological
Development (2007-2013).
GLOBAL (system)
Mercator Ocean
operational forecasting
system covering all the
oceans of the globe.
GLORYS
Global Ocean reanalysis
GMMC
Groupe Mission Mercator
Coriolis (GMMC) rassemble
des équipes de recherche
sélectionnées chaque
année par appel d’offre
scientifique. Le groupe a
vocation à entreprendre
toute activité de
recherche jugée utile
au développement et/
ou au renforcement
de l’océanographie
opérationnelle hauturière
et côtière.
GODAE Ocean View
GODAE OceanView is the
continuation of the Global
Ocean Data Assimilation
Experiment (GODAE) from
2009 onwards.
Horizon 2020
Horizon 2020 is the
biggest EU Research and
Innovation programme ever
with nearly €80 billion of
funding available over 7
years (2014 to 2020).
Hymex
Hydrological cycle in the
Mediterranean eXperiment
IBI36
Mercator Ocean
operational forecasting
system in the Iberian
Biscay Irish area with a
resolution of 1/36° (~2 km)
IBI ROOS
Ireland-Biscay-Iberia
Regional Operational
Oceanographic System.
ICE ARC
EU FP7 project : «Ice,
Climate, Economics
- Arctic Research on
Change»
ICES
The International Council
for the Exploration of
the Sea
INDESO
Infrastructure Development
of Space Oceanography,
INDESO is a scientific
program led by CLS aiming
at providing the Indonesian
Ministry of Fisheries and
Maritime Affairs with the
technologies, know-how
and actions to ensure the
long term preservation
of the country’s fishing
capacities and ecosystems.
JCOMM
Joint Technical Commission
for Oceanography and
Marine Meteorology (
WMO/IOC) : Worldwide
marine meteorological
and oceanographic
communities working in
partnership in order to
respond to interdisciplinary
requirements for met/
ocean observations, data
management and service
products.
LEFE
Fluid Envelop and
Environment, program
coordinated by the INSU
(National Institute for
Sciences of Universe ).
MONGOOS
(now MedGOOS)
The Mediterranean Global
Ocean Observing System
NEMO
Nucleus for European
Modelling of the Ocean,
NEMO is a state-of-the-
art modeling framework for
oceanographic research,
operational oceanography
seasonal forecast and
climate studies.
NMEFC
National Marine
Environmental Forecasting
Centre of China
OCAPI
Geostationary Ocean
colour sensor (Ocean Color
Advanced Permanent
Imager )
OSTIA
The Operational Sea
Surface Temperature and
Sea Ice Analysis system
(NCOF-UK) produces a
high resolution analysis
of the current sea surface
temperature (SST) for the
global ocean.
OSTST
Ocean Surface Topography
Science Team
Prévi/mar
Service in charge of Marine
Forecast at the Operational
Forecast Direction of
Meteo-France
PSY
Prototype System. Name
Root of a few Mercator
Ocean operational systems
REA
Research European Agency
SAM
Assimilation system
developped by Mercator
Ocean
SARAL
Satellite with ARgos and
ALtiKa is a cooperative
altimetry technology
mission of Indian Space
Research Organisation
(ISRO) and CNES (French
Space Agency).
SHOM
French Navy’s
Hydrographic and
Oceanographic
Department.
SOA
State Oceanic
Administration
WGOOFE
ICES Working Group on
Operational Oceanographic
Products for Fisheries and
Environment
WMO
The World Meteorological
Organization is a
specialized agency of the
United Nations.