3. Definition of Health
• Health is defined as a "state of complete
physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely the absence of disease or
infirmity"
5. • Mental health is generally equated with
happiness, satisfaction and normal behavior
• It shows in:
• One’s ways of thinking
• Adjustment in life
• Relationship with others
• Effective functioning in the different roles of
daily life
6. • Mental health means a harmonious working
of the mind, which results in a well adjusted
personality that can:
• Adjust to one’s environment pleasantly
without being disturbed
• Fully utilize one’s talents in creative work
and help others to do the same
7. • Realize one’s own limitations and also those
of others
• Be realistic in outlook, confident of one’s own
capacity and able to find meaning in life
• Enjoy one’s work and marital and other social
relationships, and Provide love and affection
8. Mental ill-health
• One of the most disturbing and disabling
conditions of life
• It affects not only the person concerned but
also his family and the community and is
made worse by the social stigma attached to
it
9. • A large number of persons are affected,
many of whom are children
• As many as 20 percent of all patients
attending general health care facilities in
both developed and developing countries do
so because of psychological symptoms
10. • The problem is gradually on the increase due
to such factors as urbanization,
industrialization and increase in lifespan,
together with breakup of the joint family
system
• It has increased the psychiatric problems of
the elderly
11. • To this is added the problem of population
explosion which has to an increase in
poverty, disease, crime, unemployment,
etc
• It is also one of the few problems that
impose a very heavy burden on the family
13. • 1. Are you always worrying?
• 2. Are you unable to concentrate because of
unrecognized reasons?
• 3. Are you continually unhappy without
justified cause?
• 4. Do you louse your temper easily and often?
• 5. Are you troubled by regular insomnia?
14. • 6. Do you have wide fluctuations in your
moods from depression to elation, back to
depression, which incapacitate you?
• 7. Do you continually dislike to be with
people?
• 8. Are you upset if the routine of your life is
disturbed?
• 9. Do your children consistently get on your
nerves?
15. • 10. Are you "browned off" and constantly
bitter?
• 11. Are you afraid without real cause?
• 12. Are you always right and the other person
always wrong
• 13. Do you have numerous aches and pains for
which no doctor can find a physical cause?
17. • ICD-10 classifies the mental and behavioral
disorders as
• 1. Organic, including symptomatic, mental
disorders
• 2. Mental and behavioural disorders due to
psychoactive substance use
• 3. Schizophrenia, schizotypal and delusional
disorders
18. • 4. Mood (affective) disorders
• 5. Neurotic, stress related and somatoform
disorders
• 6. Behavioural syndromes associated with
physiological disturbances and physical factors
• 7. Disorders of adult personality and behaviour
19. • 8. Mental retardation
• 9. Disorders of psychological development
• 10. Behavioural and emotional disorders with
onset usually occurring in childhood and
adolescence e .g. conduct disorders
• 11. Unspecified mental disorder
20. Major Mental Illness
• The major illnesses are called psychoses. Here, the
person is "insane" and out of touch with reality
23. A. Organic Conditions:
• Mental illnesses may have their origin in
organic conditions such as:
• Cerebral arteriosclerosis
• Neoplasms
• Metabolic diseases,
• Neurological diseases
• Endocrine diseases
24. B. Heredity:
• Heredity may be an important factor in some
cases
• Eg. the child of two schizophrenic parents is
40 times more likely to develop schizophrenia
than is the child of healthy parents
25. C. Social Pathological Causes:
• To produce any disease, there must be a
combination of genetic and environmental
factors
• The social and environmental factors associated
with mental ill-health comprise: worries,
anxieties, emotional stress, tension, frustration,
unhappy marriages, broken homes, poverty,
industrialization, urbanization, changing family
structure, population mobility, economic
insecurity, cruelty, rejection, neglect and the like
26. • The social environment not only determines
the individual's attitudes but also provides
the"framework" within which mental health
is formulated
27.
28.
29.
30.
31. Mental disorders with other
diseases
• Cancer, cardiovascular disease and HIV
infection/AIDS
• Require common services and resource
mobilization efforts
• Risk factors: low SES, alcohol use and stress
are common to both mental disorders and
other NCDs
• Substantial concurrence of mental disorders
and substance use disorders
33. • Lead individuals and families into poverty
• Homelessness and inappropriate
incarceration - exacerbate their
marginalization and vulnerability
• Stigmatization and discrimination
• Persons with mental disorders often have
their human rights violated
34. • Denied economic, social and cultural rights,
with restriction on the right to work and
education, as well as reproductive rights and
the right to the highest attainable standard of
health
• Subject to unhygienic and inhuman living
conditions, physical and sexual abuse,
neglect, and harmful and degrading
treatment practices in health facilities
35. • Denied civil and political rights:
• Right to marry and find a family, personal
liberty, the right to vote and to participate
effectively and fully in public life, and the
right to exercise their legal capacity on other
issue affecting them, including their
treatment and care
36. • Live in vulnerable situations and may be
excluded and marginalized from society,
which constitutes a significant impediment
to the achievement of national and
international development goals.
38. • (1) Early diagnosis and treatment
• (2) Rehabilitation
• (3) Group and individual psychotherapy
• (4) Mental health education
• (5) Use of modern psychoactive drugs
• (6) After-care services
40. • The National Mental Health Programme
was launched during 1982
• Comprehensive mental health program
includes all community facilities pertinent
in any way to prevention, treatment and
rehabilitation
41. • 95% of psychiatric cases can be treated with or
without hospitalisation, close to their homes
• So full integration of psychiatric services with other
health services is current trend
• CMHP includes following essential elements:-
• IPD/OPD
• Partial hospitalisation
42. • Emergency services
• Diagnostic services
• Pre and after care services including home
placement and visiting
• Education services
• Training services
• research and evaluation services
