Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The meninges have three layers (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that are separated by fluid-filled spaces. Meningitis is a medical emergency because it can be life-threatening. It most commonly affects children and young adults. Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild respiratory infection that allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream and meninges. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid obtained via lumbar puncture for signs of infection.

1. MENINGITIS
PRESENTED BY-MOHIT KUMAR MEENA
B.SC(NSG.) 3RD YEAR BMCHRC
COLLEGE OF NURSING

2.  INTRODUCTION
• Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation
of the protective membrane covering the brain and
spinal cord known as meninges.
• The inflammation is usually caused by an infection
of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.
• Meningitis can be life threatening therefore the
condition is classified as a medical emergency.

3. DEFINITION
Meningitis is the acute inflammation of
the protective membrane(meninges)
covering the brain and spinal cord.

4.  MENINGES
• Meninges is the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord, it is lying between skull
and the brain.
• It has 3 layers
A. Dura meter(it is made up by 2 layers )
a. periosteal layer (outer layer)
b. Meningeal layer (inner layer)
B. Arachenoid meter
C. Pia meter
• The dura meter and arachenoid meter are seprated by a potential space,the subdural space.
• The arachenoid meter and pia meter are seprated by the subarachnoid space,containing
cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).

6. INCIDENCE
•Over 1.2 million cases of meningitis are
estimated to occur worldwide each year.
•Sub-Saharan African region is known as the
“meningitis belt”.
•Incidence rate in sub-Saharan 10-100 cases
per 100,000 population.

7. MENINGITIS BELT EPIDEMIC ZONES SPORADIC CASES ONLY

8.  CAUSES
•Bacterial infection
•Viral infection
•Physical injury
•Cancer
•Drugs(mainly NSAID’S)

9.  TYPES
According to infection mainly 2 types of
meningitis will be seen
i. Bacterial
ii. viral

10.  BACTERIAL
• Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild upper
respiratory tract infection during which a few bact. Enter
the bloodstream and are carried to the meningitis.common
microbes include:-
• Haemophilus influenzae in children between the ages of 2-5
yr.
• Neisseria meningitidis in those between 5-30 yr,the most
common type.
• Streptococcus pneumoniae in people over 30 yr.

11.  VIRAL
This is the most common form of meningitis,it is
milder and occur more then bacterial meningitis.
It affect children and adults under age 30.most
infections occur in children under age 5 yr.
Duration of illness:- 7-10 days
Common viruses are followed
• Entrovirus

12.  CONT…
• Arboviral(mosquito borne disease)
• Herpes simplex virus type 2(especially in infants)
• Varicella zoster
• Hiv
• Mumps
• Measles

13.  PATHOPHYSIOLOG
Y
Due to etiological factor

14.  SIGN &
SYMPTOM

15.  Diagnostic
evaluation• CSF Examination for cell count,glucose and
protein
• Blood culture
• Lumbar puncture for CSF examination
• CT scan of the head
• Blood cell count
• Chest X-ray
• ECG & EEG