Meningitis
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Meningitis is an inflammation of the protective membranes (meninges) surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. The meninges have three layers (dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater) that are separated by fluid-filled spaces. Meningitis is a medical emergency because it can be life-threatening. It most commonly affects children and young adults. Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild respiratory infection that allows bacteria to enter the bloodstream and meninges. Diagnosis involves examination of cerebrospinal fluid obtained via lumbar puncture for signs of infection.
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The document outlines 12 general principles of mental health nursing care:
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This document discusses mastoiditis, an inflammation of the mastoid process behind the ear that is connected to the middle ear. It can be acute or chronic. Acute mastoiditis is a complication of acute otitis media, while chronic mastoiditis is associated with chronic suppurative otitis media or cholesteatoma. Signs and symptoms include ear pain, swelling, discharge, and hearing loss. Diagnosis involves examination, imaging tests, and fluid culture. Treatment includes antibiotics, ear irrigation, analgesics, and sometimes surgery like mastoidectomy, myringotomy, or tympanoplasty. Nursing care focuses on pain management, medication administration, and monitoring for infection.
Theraeutic nurse patient relationship
The document discusses the therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients. It defines three types of relationships - social, intimate, and therapeutic. The therapeutic relationship is goal-oriented and focuses on helping the patient. Key aspects of an effective therapeutic relationship include rapport, empathy, warmth, and genuineness. The relationship progresses through pre-interaction, orientation, working, and termination phases. Challenges that can arise include resistance, transference, countertransference, boundary violations, and gift giving. Managing these challenges requires skills like active listening, clarification, and maintaining open communication with supervisors.
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This document provides an overview of meningitis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and management. It discusses the different types of meningitis such as bacterial, viral, fungal, and non-infectious meningitis. The most common causes of bacterial meningitis are Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae type b, and Listeria monocytogenes. Viral meningitis is generally less severe but can still be fatal depending on factors like the virus and patient's immune status. Diagnosis involves blood tests, lumbar puncture of cerebrospinal fluid, and determining markers like C-reactive protein level. Prompt treatment with antibiotics
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Meningitis is the inflammation of the tissues surrounding the brain and spinal cord. It is usually caused by infection. It can be fatal and requires immediate medical care. Meningitis can be caused by several species of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites. Most infections can be transmitted from person to person.
Meningitis is an inflammation (swelling) of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord. A bacterial or viral infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord usually causes the swelling. However, injuries, cancer, certain drugs, and other types of infections also can cause meningitis.
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The meninges, which cover the brain and spinal cord, become inflamed in meningitis. Bacterial meningitis is more severe and can cause death or brain damage if untreated. Viral meningitis is usually mild and self-limiting. A lumbar puncture collects cerebrospinal fluid which can be analyzed to distinguish between bacterial and viral meningitis and identify the specific cause. Common symptoms include headache, fever, and neck stiffness, while signs include Kernig's sign and Brudzinski's sign.
Meningitis
Meningitis is always cerebrospinal infection. Meningitis is a rare infection that affects the delicate membranes -- called meninges -- that cover the brain and spinal cord.There are several types of this disease, including bacterial, viral, and fungal.
Meningitis
This document provides information on meningitis, including:
- Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord) that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other causes.
- Common symptoms include fever, headache, and neck stiffness.
- Bacterial meningitis requires immediate treatment with antibiotics to prevent disability or death. Viral meningitis is generally less severe but still requires supportive care.
- Complications can include hearing loss, seizures, learning difficulties, and even death if not properly treated.
INFECTIOUS DISEASE by DR. ROOPAM JAIN
This document provides an overview of various infectious diseases caused by bacteria, viruses, and fungi. It discusses staphylococcal infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus, including skin infections, respiratory infections, bone infections, and more. It also covers streptococcal infections caused by different streptococcal species, clostridial diseases including gas gangrene and tetanus, mycotic diseases such as mycetoma and candidiasis, and selected viral diseases including viral hemorrhagic fevers, influenza, dengue fever, chikungunya, and bird flu.
Meningitis
Overview, Types of meningitis - bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic and non infectious, pathology, clinical presentation, investigations and treatment
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Meningococcal disease is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacterium, which can cause meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord) as well as sepsis. The disease is transmitted through respiratory and throat secretions from carriers. Symptoms include stiff neck, high fever, headaches, and a rash. It requires prompt antibiotic treatment but can still lead to death or long-term complications in a significant number of cases. Major epidemics regularly affect parts of sub-Saharan Africa.
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Meningitis
- 1. MENINGITIS PRESENTED BY-MOHIT KUMAR MEENA B.SC(NSG.) 3RD YEAR BMCHRC COLLEGE OF NURSING
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Meningitis is a disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membrane covering the brain and spinal cord known as meninges. • The inflammation is usually caused by an infection of the fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord. • Meningitis can be life threatening therefore the condition is classified as a medical emergency.
- 3. DEFINITION Meningitis is the acute inflammation of the protective membrane(meninges) covering the brain and spinal cord.
- 4. MENINGES • Meninges is the protective membrane of the brain and spinal cord, it is lying between skull and the brain. • It has 3 layers A. Dura meter(it is made up by 2 layers ) a. periosteal layer (outer layer) b. Meningeal layer (inner layer) B. Arachenoid meter C. Pia meter • The dura meter and arachenoid meter are seprated by a potential space,the subdural space. • The arachenoid meter and pia meter are seprated by the subarachnoid space,containing cerebrospinal fluid(CSF).
- 6. INCIDENCE •Over 1.2 million cases of meningitis are estimated to occur worldwide each year. •Sub-Saharan African region is known as the “meningitis belt”. •Incidence rate in sub-Saharan 10-100 cases per 100,000 population.
- 7. MENINGITIS BELT EPIDEMIC ZONES SPORADIC CASES ONLY
- 8. CAUSES •Bacterial infection •Viral infection •Physical injury •Cancer •Drugs(mainly NSAID’S)
- 9. TYPES According to infection mainly 2 types of meningitis will be seen i. Bacterial ii. viral
- 10. BACTERIAL • Bacterial meningitis is usually preceded by a mild upper respiratory tract infection during which a few bact. Enter the bloodstream and are carried to the meningitis.common microbes include:- • Haemophilus influenzae in children between the ages of 2-5 yr. • Neisseria meningitidis in those between 5-30 yr,the most common type. • Streptococcus pneumoniae in people over 30 yr.
- 11. VIRAL This is the most common form of meningitis,it is milder and occur more then bacterial meningitis. It affect children and adults under age 30.most infections occur in children under age 5 yr. Duration of illness:- 7-10 days Common viruses are followed • Entrovirus
- 12. CONT… • Arboviral(mosquito borne disease) • Herpes simplex virus type 2(especially in infants) • Varicella zoster • Hiv • Mumps • Measles
- 13. PATHOPHYSIOLOG Y Due to etiological factor
- 14. SIGN & SYMPTOM
- 15. Diagnostic evaluation• CSF Examination for cell count,glucose and protein • Blood culture • Lumbar puncture for CSF examination • CT scan of the head • Blood cell count • Chest X-ray • ECG & EEG