Melina Risso - Sou da Paz
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Urban violence has significantly reduced in Sao Paulo, Brazil between 2000-2010. Homicide rates dropped by 78% during this period. Key factors contributing to this decline include strict enforcement of gun control policies that resulted in over 200,000 illegal guns being seized, demographic changes with a decreasing youth population, increased and improved community policing, and greater investments in violence prevention programs focused on high-risk areas. The combination of restricting gun access and improved social policies helped end the epidemic of violence in Sao Paulo.
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Due Thurs. 4-30-15 4pmPlease answer in 1 ½ two 2 paragraphs, be very.docx
Due Thurs. 4-30-15 4pmPlease answer in 1 ½ two 2 paragraphs, be very detailed."Growing Cities" Please respond to the following:Based on the Webtext materials and article below, address the following:
Examine the main reasons why people are attracted to urban areas in the developing world, the problems they encounter once they arrive and the key issues that make this rural to urban migration such a difficult problem for governments to deal with.
A Report by the UN Population Fund
By Lisa Schlein and Joe De Capua
June 28, 2007
For humanity’s sake, developing world must prepare for soaring urbanization. In 2008, the world reaches an invisible but momentous milestone: for the first time in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas. By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost five billion. Many of the new urbanites will be poor. Their future, the future of cities in developing countries throughout the world, the future of humanity itself, all depend very much on decisions made now in preparation for this growth.
While the world’s urban population grew very rapidly (from 220 million to 2.8 billion) over the 20th century, the next few decades will see an unprecedented scale of urban growth in the developing world. This will be particularly notable in Africa and Asia where the urban population will double between 2000 and 2030: that is, the accumulated urban growth of these two regions during the whole span of history will be duplicated in a single generation. By 2030, the towns and cities of the developing world will make up 81 percent of our urban humanity.
The United Nation Population Fund, UN agency, says in a new report that humanity will have to undergo a “revolution in thinking” to deal with a doubling of urban populations in Africa and Asia. The UN continues to say that the number of people in African and Asian cities will grow by 1.7 billion by the year 2030. And worldwide, the number of city dwellers will reach five billion or 60 per cent of the world’s population. The report ‘State of the World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth’ says globally, all future population growth will take place in cities, nearly all of it in Africa, Asia and Latin America. “What’s more, the growth marks “a decisive shift from rural to urban growth, changing a balance that has lasted for millennia.”
The United Nations also warns that a doubling of urban populations in Africa and Asia by 2030 will have harmful consequences if governments do not prepare now for the coming growth. In this year's State of World Population report, the UN Population Fund says this unprecedented wave of urbanization offers potential opportunities or dismal failures. The report explains that next year, for the first time in history, more than half the world's population will be living in cities. It says that by 2030 almost five billion people will be urban dwellers. It says the populations in Af ...
Violence and Popular CultureViolence exists and has existed in a.docx
Violence and Popular Culture
Violence exists and has existed in all societies. In contemporary North American society, we also see violence frequently in media--from news to films to video games. These representations have been blamed for creating a culture of fear and inspiring real violence, particularly among youth.
Media analysts argue that the question of media and violence must shift from a focus on violence in media to a focus on violence in our broader society. They argue that we need to make interconnections between class, gender, race and inequality in the debate on violence. This can be a difficult shift to make because contemporary media is rife with overt and subtle instances of violence. Violence is portrayed in the news, music videos, reality TV crime shows, films and video games.
In the wake of the tragic shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, media pundits discussed (Opens new window) whether video game consumption was producing violent people. While this is an interesting question, in this module we do not focus on whether violent images produce violent people. Nor do we examine whether media imagery has become increasingly violent. As one scholar (Opens new window)puts it,
Violence has always figured prominently in storytelling. Violent imagery has been around since hunters began scratching accounts of their exploits on the walls of caves. . . . Artifacts of Egyptian, Sumerian, Minoan, and Babylonian peoples all depict violent events, as do classical works of the ancient Greeks written 3,000 years ago. . . . The books of the Old Testament, written during the same period, are filled with accounts of genocide, war, human sacrifice, and, of course, various plagues. And as Mel Gibson so eloquently reminded moviegoers with his hugely successful film, The Passion of the Christ (2004), the biggest story of the New Testament culminates in rioting, ritual torture, and public execution. Perhaps more to the point, these grizzly stories have been repeated for centuries to children and adults alike as important works of history and religion. (Trend, The Myth of Media Violence 12-13)
This is not to deny that exposure to violent images may contribute toward violent behaviour.(Opens new window) But in a sociology course like this one, our job is to examine the role popular culture's representation of violence plays in the maintenance of cultural hegemony.
Video
Watch Mean World Syndrome (2010). (Opens new window)According to the documentary, what are some of the myths associated with media violence? What does George Gerbner say is the reason why violence pervades the media? How does popular culture use representations of violence to perpetuate racist myths? What is "mean world syndrome" anyway?
Law-and-order ideology
Law-and-order ideology has been chronically present in public, media, and political discourse, but it has assumed an even larger role in recent years. Particular media portrayals of criminal justice interact with ...
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Crime prevention involves community involvement and cooperation between neighbors, police, and local organizations. Effective strategies include neighborhood watch programs, ensuring public spaces are well-lit, engaging youth in constructive activities, monitoring children, and building relationships between schools and social services. Reporting crimes and volunteering to mentor youth can also help prevent criminal behavior.
CPTED Presentation given to London First
The document discusses Crime Prevention Through Environmental Design (CPTED) principles and provides an example of their application to New York City's High Line park. It summarizes the key CPTED principles of territoriality, natural surveillance, access control, target hardening, image maintenance, and activity support. It then analyzes how these principles were incorporated into the High Line's design, helping to prevent crime and reduce fear of crime. Some of the CPTED strategies used included clear boundaries, lines of sight, controlled access points, durable materials, and programming to encourage activity. The High Line has been very successful with no major crimes reported since it opened.
Real Estate Decision Support System based on GIS
Presented on MUNICIPALIKA 2012, Chennai on 25th January 2012 under "Conference Session CS 12 : Smart Cities
(Next Level E-Governance Solutions and Geo-Spatial Technologies)" By Srabani Das
Spatial Planner,
Sreemudranalaya Technology Pvt. Ltd.
under guidance of
Mr. Tapas Ghatak
Former Chief In Charge, Env. Cell, KMDA,
Urban Development Deptt, Govt of West Bengal
Sr. Consultant, World Bank, UNICEF.
The smart city infrastructure is the introductory step for establishing the overall smart city
framework and architecture. Very few smart cities are recently established across the world.
Some examples are: Dubai, Malta, Kochi (India), Singapore. The aim of the project is to
develop the smart infrastructure development framework as a base of the smart city
development with the application of Geographic Information System in the effective
management of Estate/Township (study area Bata Nagar: Kolkata Riverside Project, under
Riverbank Developers Pvt. Ltd (RDPL)) from the point of view of Managing Authority &
also from the Consumer Solution. The objectives included capturing and development of
Spatial and attribute database about the estate features & infrastructure, and throughout
monitoring to serve the consumer. The smart systems designed to facilitate the maintenance
and physical activities adopted in the service. On the other hand the smart environment used
to attract the users by giving them more control and property resources management. The
paper wants to formulate the first step with preparing the database framework & query based
analysis for the batanagar riverside project area and highlights its scope for future.
The comfortable built environment would increase the building facility availability where it
would enhance the productivity for all parties. The smart systems would deploy a better
skilled people and it will increase the knowhow of the users. In terms of data exchange, the
data communication will be transferred faster due to the systems integration and common
communication protocols used along the city/community and premises programmable
controllers. The proper controlling and monitoring environment would provide an automation
level which would require less tenant’s interaction with maintenance and operation call center
which means less complaints.
--- If any Organization wants to create this type of application based GIS development to build the Smart Infrastructure in any sector, they can easily communicate with us -srabani266@gmail.com/smtplgis@gmail.com
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Willi Graf - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Willi Graf - Swiss Agency for Development and Cooperation
Mark Bellis - Center for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University
Mark Bellis - Center for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University
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The meaning of military intervention in rio de janeiro
President Michel Temer took advantage of the escalation of violence that reaches Rio de Janeiro to carry out military intervention aimed at raising the level of his popularity and the government itself. The success of the military intervention in the fight against violence in Rio de Janeiro would make possible his candidacy for presidential reelection, which is a sine qua non condition for having a privileged forum and not responding to the crimes of corruption he is accused of. This is the real reason for the decision taken by the Temer government to intervene militarily in Rio de Janeiro. The social pacification sought by the great majority of the population will only be realized with social reparation and access to the equipment and policies of the Brazilian state by the majority of population, and not by a policy of military intervention such as that adopted by the Temer government in Rio de Janeiro.
2019 in Security
The document discusses Brazil's public security situation in 2019, the first year of Jair Bolsonaro's administration. It notes that 2017 saw a record number of homicides in Brazil's history. Bolsonaro made public security a main campaign issue. Initiatives in 2019 included a bill to loosen gun ownership laws and the "Anticrime Package" passed by Congress to combat corruption and violent crime. The "Em Frente, Brasil" program aimed to reduce crime through territorial focus, repression, prevention and governance. Preliminary data showed a continued decline in homicides from 2018 levels, though experts attributed this to various potential factors.
2019 in Security
The document discusses Brazil's public security situation in 2019, the first year under President Jair Bolsonaro. It notes that 2017 saw a record number of homicides in Brazil and that public security was a major issue in the 2018 election. It then summarizes some of Bolsonaro's key public security policies and initiatives in 2019, including loosening gun ownership laws, the "Anticrime Package" penal code reforms, and the "Onwards Brazil" program to reduce violence in certain cities. It also discusses the continued fall in homicide rates in Brazil in 2019 compared to previous years.
Due Thurs. 4-30-15 4pmPlease answer in 1 ½ two 2 paragraphs, be very.docx
Due Thurs. 4-30-15 4pmPlease answer in 1 ½ two 2 paragraphs, be very detailed."Growing Cities" Please respond to the following:Based on the Webtext materials and article below, address the following:
Examine the main reasons why people are attracted to urban areas in the developing world, the problems they encounter once they arrive and the key issues that make this rural to urban migration such a difficult problem for governments to deal with.
A Report by the UN Population Fund
By Lisa Schlein and Joe De Capua
June 28, 2007
For humanity’s sake, developing world must prepare for soaring urbanization. In 2008, the world reaches an invisible but momentous milestone: for the first time in history, more than half its human population, 3.3 billion people, will be living in urban areas. By 2030, this is expected to swell to almost five billion. Many of the new urbanites will be poor. Their future, the future of cities in developing countries throughout the world, the future of humanity itself, all depend very much on decisions made now in preparation for this growth.
While the world’s urban population grew very rapidly (from 220 million to 2.8 billion) over the 20th century, the next few decades will see an unprecedented scale of urban growth in the developing world. This will be particularly notable in Africa and Asia where the urban population will double between 2000 and 2030: that is, the accumulated urban growth of these two regions during the whole span of history will be duplicated in a single generation. By 2030, the towns and cities of the developing world will make up 81 percent of our urban humanity.
The United Nation Population Fund, UN agency, says in a new report that humanity will have to undergo a “revolution in thinking” to deal with a doubling of urban populations in Africa and Asia. The UN continues to say that the number of people in African and Asian cities will grow by 1.7 billion by the year 2030. And worldwide, the number of city dwellers will reach five billion or 60 per cent of the world’s population. The report ‘State of the World Population 2007: Unleashing the Potential of Urban Growth’ says globally, all future population growth will take place in cities, nearly all of it in Africa, Asia and Latin America. “What’s more, the growth marks “a decisive shift from rural to urban growth, changing a balance that has lasted for millennia.”
The United Nations also warns that a doubling of urban populations in Africa and Asia by 2030 will have harmful consequences if governments do not prepare now for the coming growth. In this year's State of World Population report, the UN Population Fund says this unprecedented wave of urbanization offers potential opportunities or dismal failures. The report explains that next year, for the first time in history, more than half the world's population will be living in cities. It says that by 2030 almost five billion people will be urban dwellers. It says the populations in Af ...
Violence and Popular CultureViolence exists and has existed in a.docx
Violence and Popular Culture
Violence exists and has existed in all societies. In contemporary North American society, we also see violence frequently in media--from news to films to video games. These representations have been blamed for creating a culture of fear and inspiring real violence, particularly among youth.
Media analysts argue that the question of media and violence must shift from a focus on violence in media to a focus on violence in our broader society. They argue that we need to make interconnections between class, gender, race and inequality in the debate on violence. This can be a difficult shift to make because contemporary media is rife with overt and subtle instances of violence. Violence is portrayed in the news, music videos, reality TV crime shows, films and video games.
In the wake of the tragic shooting in Newtown, Connecticut, media pundits discussed (Opens new window) whether video game consumption was producing violent people. While this is an interesting question, in this module we do not focus on whether violent images produce violent people. Nor do we examine whether media imagery has become increasingly violent. As one scholar (Opens new window)puts it,
Violence has always figured prominently in storytelling. Violent imagery has been around since hunters began scratching accounts of their exploits on the walls of caves. . . . Artifacts of Egyptian, Sumerian, Minoan, and Babylonian peoples all depict violent events, as do classical works of the ancient Greeks written 3,000 years ago. . . . The books of the Old Testament, written during the same period, are filled with accounts of genocide, war, human sacrifice, and, of course, various plagues. And as Mel Gibson so eloquently reminded moviegoers with his hugely successful film, The Passion of the Christ (2004), the biggest story of the New Testament culminates in rioting, ritual torture, and public execution. Perhaps more to the point, these grizzly stories have been repeated for centuries to children and adults alike as important works of history and religion. (Trend, The Myth of Media Violence 12-13)
This is not to deny that exposure to violent images may contribute toward violent behaviour.(Opens new window) But in a sociology course like this one, our job is to examine the role popular culture's representation of violence plays in the maintenance of cultural hegemony.
Video
Watch Mean World Syndrome (2010). (Opens new window)According to the documentary, what are some of the myths associated with media violence? What does George Gerbner say is the reason why violence pervades the media? How does popular culture use representations of violence to perpetuate racist myths? What is "mean world syndrome" anyway?
Law-and-order ideology
Law-and-order ideology has been chronically present in public, media, and political discourse, but it has assumed an even larger role in recent years. Particular media portrayals of criminal justice interact with ...
Gangs and Violence in Brazil
Final paper for my Brazil History and Culture class that outlines the prevalence of gang violence in Brazil and its impact on the country.
Correction of vital statistics based on a proactive search of deaths and liv...
Correction of vital statistics based on a proactive search of deaths and liv...Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation - University of Washington
This document summarizes a study that conducted a proactive search of deaths and live births in Brazil between 2000-2010 to improve the quality of vital statistics data. The study focused on the poorer North and Northeast regions which had less complete vital records. Researchers sampled 133 municipalities and searched various sources like hospitals, cemeteries, and registry offices to find unreported vital events from 2008. They estimated correction factors for underreporting by municipality completeness levels. Applying these factors, they corrected vital statistics from 2000-2010. The corrected data showed more pronounced decreasing trends in infant mortality, particularly in the Northeast, indicating the impact of recent health policies in improving outcomes.httpsnyti.ms2YBa4UGBecause reform won’t happen.By
The article argues that police cannot be reformed through liberal reforms like increased oversight and accountability. The author argues that the only way to reduce police violence is to reduce contact between the public and the police by cutting police budgets and the number of officers. The author advocates for abolishing the police and redirecting funds to social services to reduce the need for police in the first place. The article discusses how policing in the US emerged from slave patrols and helping the rich suppress labor movements. Reforms in the past like increased oversight and diversity hiring have failed to curb police violence.
Running Head DISCUSSION1DISCUSSION 2.docx
This document discusses criminal research in the United States. It notes that crime is measured using the Uniform Crime Reporting program and National Crime Victimization Survey. It also discusses trends in violent crime from 2015 to 2016, with increases among males and those aged 25-34. Common crimes during this period included aggravated assault, rape, and burglary. The document also examines social and environmental factors that can influence crime rates, such as discrimination, inequality, poverty, and police policies.
Running head DISCUSSION1DISCUSSION2.docx
Running head: DISCUSSION 1
DISCUSSION 2
Criminal Research
Alexia Bradley
University of Phoenix, eCampus
AJS 514, Steve Nance
November 13, 2018
Criminal Research
Within the United States of America, crime takes many different forms, but is measured using two statistical programs, and these are the Uniform Crime Reporting (UCR) Program and the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS). In order for the Bureau of Justice to issue accurate crime reports, a research has to be conducted using these two statistical programs, with special emphasis on the magnitude, nature, and impact of crime in the nation. According to the Bureau of Justice, the hierarchy of crime from highest to lowest is rape, sexual assault, robbery, aggravated assault, simple assault, burglary, motor vehicle theft, and theft (Zhang et al, 2016).
From 2015 to 2016 violent crime increased against males and persons in their mid-20s to mid-30s. Among the male gender, the rate of violent victimization showed an increase from 15.9 per 1,000 males aged 12 years and above to 19.6 per 1,000, which was an alarming piece of realization. Among the people aged 25 years to 34 years, violent victimization showed quite an increase from 21.8 to 28.4 per 1,000 people. In 2016 alone, close to 3 million people experienced crime within a period of six months preceding the period when The Bureau of Justice gave the 2015-2016 crime statistics. Among the most prevalent crimes were aggravated assault, rape or sexual assault and burglary (Zhang et al, 2016).
Some of the social and environmental factors do you believe influence the crime rate include discrimination and inequality. Among the American society, many of the minority groups are labeled as high risk to security, meaning that they are most prone to committing crime.This is because they experience open discrimination that denies them decent opportunities to earn a living like other people. In addition, inequality in income leads to resentments that cause bitterness and instigate conflict between the haves and have-nots, hence the latter attack the former.
Other factors that contribute to crime include poverty and the police policy. Despite the fact that America has some of the world’s richest tycoons, there is also a section of people who live in poverty, and have done so all their life. When people cannot afford basic needs in life, they are tempted to try and intimidate or steal from those who seem to be well of in order to be able to eke a life for themselves and their children. For example, someone whose children have not had supper for two nights may not resist shoplifting (Agnew, 2007).
Uncouth policies adopted by the police in dealing with crime can also be a factor leading to conflict between the locals and the police. Whenever the local community does not support the work of police, there is definitely some level of crime that sinks in the minds of the locals, as some of the people take advantage of the void to carry ou.
Analysis of the Factors Affecting Violent Crime Rates in the US
The goal of this study is to analyze the factors affecting violent crime rates in the US. It is hypothesized that an increase in the gun ownership rate tends to increase violent crimes in the US. It is hypothesized that urban areas in the US tend to have more violent crimes than rural areas. An OLS regression model is formulated using cross-sectional data set across 50 states and the District of Columbia for the year 2019. The endogenous variable is the violent crime rates per 100,000 inhabitants across 50 states and the District of Columbia. The independent variables used in the OLS regression model are population density per square mile, unemployment rate, percentage of the population living in poverty, and gun ownership rate. The four exogenous variables that are found to be statistically significant are gun ownership, unemployment rate, population density per square mile, and percentage of population living in property. An attempt is also made to formulate strategies that would help in reducing violent crime rates in the US.
Eliminating Knife Crime in the United Kingdom
The document discusses eliminating knife crime in society. It notes that as a society, we have a responsibility to guide and protect youth. Currently, there is a high rate of teenage deaths from knife crime and the question remains of who the next victim may be. The document aims to analyze the issue of knife crime from different perspectives, identify root causes, and make recommendations to help reduce and eventually eliminate knife crime. It conducted research through questionnaires of parents, youth, and the general public. The analysis found that knife crime is caused by a lack of discipline, poor parenting, peer pressure, and other societal factors. Recommendations to address the issue included increasing discipline, strengthening family values, social programs for youth, and tougher penalties
Inequalities in life expectancy
This document summarizes a study examining inequalities in life expectancy across subcity units in six large Latin American cities: Buenos Aires, Argentina; Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Santiago, Chile; San José, Costa Rica; Mexico City, Mexico; and Panama City, Panama. The study found large differences in life expectancy between subcity units within cities, with the largest gaps in Panama City and Mexico City and the narrowest in Buenos Aires and San José. Higher area-level socioeconomic status, as measured by education, was strongly associated with higher life expectancy. Spatial patterns in life expectancy varied between cities, related to their socioeconomic structure. The findings highlight the importance of policies addressing social inequalities to improve urban health in Latin
Pandemic, Social Unrest, and Crime in U.S. Cities: 2020 Year-End Update
Pandemic, Social Unrest, and Crime in U.S. Cities: 2020 Year-End Update. A report was done by the National Commission on Criminal Justice and COVID.
What is happening to crime
This document discusses trends in crime in the UK. It finds that while overall crime has decreased, serious violence has increased in recent years. It attributes this to shifts in drug markets, reductions in criminal justice effectiveness, and a rise in vulnerable populations. The criminal justice system faces pressures like overcrowded prisons. Politicians are responding to rising public concern over crime, though locally more than nationally.
Victims of Crime Survey, 2017 - 2018
Household crimes increased by 5% to a total of 1,5 million incidences of crime while individual crime also increased by 5% to a total of 1,6 incidences, affecting 1,4 million individuals aged 16 and above. Northern Cape had the highest increase in both household and individual crimes. Housebreaking or burglary was the most dominant (54%) crime category among crimes measured by the Victims of Crime Survey (VOCS). An estimated total of 830 thousand incidences of housebreaking occurred in 2017/18, affecting 4,25% of all South African households. Nearly 32% of items stolen during housebreaking were clothes, followed by cellphones (24%) and food (22%).
http://www.statssa.gov.za/?p=11627
Organised Crime, Captured Politicians and the Allocation of Public Resources
Organised Crime, Captured Politicians and the Allocation of Public ResourcesStockholm Institute of Transition Economics
This document analyzes the impact of organized crime infiltration of local governments in Italy. Using a national law that allowed dissolution of infiltrated municipal governments, the authors conduct a differences-in-differences analysis comparing public spending, taxes, and elections before and after infiltration. They find that infiltrated governments spend more on construction and waste but less on transportation, police, and collect fewer waste taxes. Regression discontinuity analysis also links right-wing election victories to higher infiltration rates. The document aims to shed light on the less violent but still impactful influence of organized crime.City of Walls Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in São Paulo by Teresa P. R...
This document provides an introduction to the book "City of Walls: Crime, Segregation, and Citizenship in Sao Paulo" by Teresa P. R. Caldeira. The book analyzes how crime, fear of violence, and disrespect of citizenship rights have intersected with urban transformations in Sao Paulo over the last two decades to produce a new pattern of urban segregation. During this period, Brazil transitioned to democracy after decades of military rule. The rise in violent crime in Sao Paulo since the mid-1980s generated widespread fear and new strategies of protection like gated communities and private security. These changes have symbolically and materially reinforced differences and social divisions through walls, partitions, and rules
Brazil report
Brazil has been recognized as an emerging world power due to hosting the 2014 World Cup and 2016 Olympics, though it still faces issues with violence, corruption, and inequality. While the country has reduced inequality and expanded its influence in the past decade, journalists continue to be murdered - Brazil was one of the deadliest countries for media in 2012. Media ownership is also highly concentrated among a few wealthy families, limiting diversity and pluralism.
Brasil, o país dos trinta Berlusconi
A organização Repórteres sem Fronteiras publicou, em 24 de janeiro de 2013, um relatório intitulado “Brasil, o país dos trinta Berlusconi”, que aborda os importantes desequilíbrios e obstáculos que caracterizam o horizonte midiático do gigante sul-americano. O documento se baseia em uma investigação realizada em três etapas – Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo e Brasília – no decorrer de novembro de 2012.
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The meaning of military intervention in rio de janeiro
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Due Thurs. 4-30-15 4pmPlease answer in 1 ½ two 2 paragraphs, be very.docx
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Violence and Popular CultureViolence exists and has existed in a.docx
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Correction of vital statistics based on a proactive search of deaths and liv...
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http://www.genevadeclaration.org/2014rrc/
Lethal violence in Asia-Pacific
While the Asia-Pacific region is home to over half the world's population, it accounts for less than a quarter of global lethal violence. Nine out of ten countries in the region have low violence rates, except for Southern Asia which exceeds the global average. Approximately one-third of all conflict deaths worldwide occur in the Asia-Pacific, driven largely by Afghanistan, India, Pakistan and Myanmar. Firearm violence and deaths from unplanned munitions explosions are also relatively high in parts of the region.
Global Alliance on Armed Violence (GAAV)
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Jasmin Nario-Galace, Center for Peace Education-Miriam College | Philippines
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This document discusses the importance of including peace as a goal in the post-2015 development agenda. It argues that peace is necessary for sustainable development and poverty eradication. While some may be concerned that including peace could securitize development or violate sovereignty, the document responds that peace targets could focus on preventing conflict, be implemented locally, and do not require external intervention. It recommends improving the language and reducing the number of targets for the proposed Goal 16 on peace and governance to make it more measurable and manageable.
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Melina Risso - Sou da Paz
- 1. The case of São Paulo A concrete example of urban violence reduction 2nd Ministerial Review Conference on the Geneva Declaration The challenges of armed violence in urban settings November, 1st, 2011
- 2. Brazil Between 1980 and 2008 the country lost 1,035,335 lives to violence. 2/3 during the 90´s alone *. In that period, homicide rates increased by 130% in Brazil, going from 11.7 to 27 per 100 thousand inhabitants*. Violence affects all, but in very different ways. Deaths are concentrated in peripheries of urban areas, victimizing thousands of young, poor, men. Until the beginning of last decade, crime was concentrated in the southeast (SP and RJ). Homicides are now more concentrated in the northeast and along the dry border. *Source: DATASUS – Ministry of Health
- 3. 2003: Disarmament Statute is enacted A turning point *Source: DATASUS – Ministry of Health
- 4. Homicide equation in São Paulo (1980 – 2000) Rapid and disorganized urbanization: absence of the State as conflict mediator, 50% of the population under 18 ; lack of public spaces for sport, cultural and leisure activities. Easy access to drugs and guns . + Futile deaths : bar fights, argument between neighbors, small debts, traffic discussions, general disagreement. In the city of Sao Paulo, for example , 7 in 10 deaths still happen for these reasons. + Policing model is wrong, focused exclusively on responding to and repressing crime. Context - São Paulo
- 5. * Source: SSP/SP São Paulo
- 6. 2000- 2010: São Paulo hands in its guns : gun control policies are strictly applied. Over 200,000 illegal guns seized by the police and more than 130,000 delivered by citizens in buyback campaigns. Less Guns = Less Deaths. For every 18 guns taken out of the streets , 1 life was saved.* *Source: “ Less guns, less crimes: the exemplary case of São Paulo”. IPEA / PUC Rio. 2010. São Paulo: changing the equation
- 7. Consistent investment in policing . More and better training. Focus on investigation and prevention. Community policing. More resources for prevention programs. Focus: areas and populations most affected by the problem. Municipalities increases its investments on violence prevention. Demographical changes : percentage of young people in general population decreases. São Paulo: changing the equation
- 8. In ten years, 78% less deaths*. São Paulo achieves OMS recommended rates: under 10 homicides per 100 thousand inhabitants. The epidemic is over *Source: SSP/SP São Paulo: results