The document summarizes key components and operating principles of switchgear, including circuit breakers, current transformers, and voltage transformers. It describes: - Circuit breakers consist of contacts, operating mechanisms, trip and close coils, and auxiliary switches. They are rated by voltage and breaking capacity. - Current transformers reduce high currents to safely measurable levels for meters and relays. They are rated by voltage, current ratios, and accuracy class. - Voltage transformers reduce high voltages to safely measurable levels. They are rated by voltage, turns ratio, and accuracy class.

1. Prepared by : Mahmoud Mohamed Ali
Department : Electrical Maintenance
Email : Mahmoud.Mohamed@Siemens.com

3. Switchgear consist of :
• Circuit breaker.
• Busbar.
• Protection relay.
• Current transformer.
• Voltage transformer.
• Cables Connection

6.  Operating tools:

8. Current transformer :
APPLICATION:
 Current transformers (CT,s) are instrument transformers that are used to supply a reduced value of
current to protective relays , meters and other instruments.
 CT,s provide isolation from the high voltage primary , permit grounding of the secondary windings for
safety , and step down the magnitude of the measured current to a value that can be safely handled
by the instruments

9. RATIO:
 The most common CT secondary full load current is 1A or 5A.
 CT ratio are expressed as a ratio of rated primary current to the rated
secondary current .
 Example
a 1000/1 A CT will produce 1A of secondary current when 1000 A flows through
the primary .
As the primary current changes the secondary current will vary accordingly.

10.  Specification for CT:
1. Rated Burden (2.5 , 5.0, 7.5 , 10, 15, 30 VA)
2. Continuous Rated Current
3. Short circuit current and duration time
4. Rated secondry current
5- Turns ratio
6- Classes(5P, 10P, X): 5P use with Instantaneous oc Relay
- 10P use with IDMT oc Relay
- X no need high accuracy

11.  CT component :

12.  Effect of secondary windings for CT and VT:

13. CT POLARITY
P1
S1

14. Magnetization curve for CT :

15. Specification of voltage transformer:
1- Rated Voltage (11KV)
2- Level Voltage( 100 or 110 v)
3-Breakdown - Pulse Voltage
4-Turns Ratio
Accuracy Class (.1,.2,.3,.4,.5 …..for measuring )
For protection (3p and 5p

18. Classification of Circuit Breakers
Circuit Breakers
1. Based on
Voltage
•Low
•Medium
•High/Extra
High
•Ultra High
3. Based
on
External
Design
•Dead Tank
•Live Tank
4. Based on
Interrupting
Media
•Air Blast
•Oil
•SF6
•Vacuum
2. Based on
Location
•Indoor
•Outdoor

19.  Specification of Circuit Breakers
 Rated Voltage:
 Rated Normal Current:
630 – 800 – 1000 – 1250 – 1600 – 2000 – 2500 – 3150 – 4000 A
 Rated Short Circuit Breaking Current(Isc )
Ibreaking =10* Rated Normal Current

23.  Components of C.B :
1-Anti Pumping Relay (KN): 2- Shunt Closing
(YF):

24.  3- Shunt Opening(YO1 + YO2):

25.  General inspection on C.B
1- Ensure of the upper and down contacts for good
connection
2- Ensure of the opening and closing mechanical for
circuit breaker
3- inspection of Charging Limit Switch
4- easy in entire and outage the C.B
5-the heater in the cell is work
6- Ensure of the earthing

26.  General inspection on C.B
1- Ensure of the upper and down contacts for good
connection
2- Ensure of the opening and closing mechanical for
circuit breaker
3- inspection of Charging Limit Switch
4- easy in entire and outage the C.B
5-the heater in the cell is work
6- Ensure of the earthing

27.  insulation test for C.B:

29.  Contact Resistance for C.B
 Use Micrometer device:
 Measure each phase resistance only
 Connection points Resistance for C.B at voltage (11
kv) is 12 - 60 μΩ
 For (33kv) is (25-100) μΩ

31.  Pressure Switch for air – insulated switchgear:

33. Distribute type of problem on switchgear
Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work

34. Trouble 1: Breaker not closing
Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work
Motor not charging spring
(see in fig 1)
Reasons Remedial Action
supply voltage less than 85% Ensure supply voltage above 85% of
the rated voltage.
improper wiring Check motor circuit wiring as per
schematic drawing. If loose
connections are found, tighten them
Damage of gear box
(see in fig 2 )
Replace gear-box
motor shaft being broken or motor
key being broken (see in fig 3 )
Replace motor

35. Trouble 1: Breaker not closing
Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work
Trouble Reasons Remedial Action
Closing coil burnt
(see fig 4 )
plunger stuck in closing coil Replace closing coil
Problem inside Closing coil Closing coil not developing sufficient
force
Check the resistance of coil at
respective voltage, if not adequate,
then replace the coil
Auxiliary switch continuity missing contamination of contacts
( see fig 5 )
Problem in electrical circuit
Problem in electrical circuit Failure of control voltage Check the circuitry and replace the
faulty components

36. fig 1
Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work

37. Trouble 2: Breaker not opening :
Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work
Trouble Reasons Remedial Action
Problem inside Tripping coil Tripping coil not developing
sufficient force
Check the resistance of coil at
respective voltage, if not adequate,
then replace the coil
Tripping coil burnt plunger stuck in tripping coil. Replace tripping coil
Problem in tripping circuit. Fault in interlocking circuit Check the circuitry and replace the
faulty components

38. Switchgear trouble shooting and repair work
Trouble Reasons Remedial Action
No voltage on control circuit
although voltage on cables
VT fuses disconnected or failure Check the fuses
C.B disconnected after the incoming
directly
- Transformer inrush current
- Over and under voltage relay
- adjustable setting of O.C relay
- adjustable setting of (OV, UV) relay
C.B is operating period then
disconnected
Problem in setting relay Adjusted setting values in relay until
proportional with rated current and
CT values
Hearing high sound inside the cell -Dust on insulator surface
- high moisture inside the cell
- Clean the insulator surface
- Ensure of operate the heater
High temperature inside the cell Loose in connection points on main
Busbar
Tighten on connection points