This document discusses medium theory and how different forms of communication impact social organizations. It addresses three major forms: 1) traditional oral societies focused on memorization and stories, 2) the traditional scribal phase which separated knowledge and allowed more individual thought, and 3) global electronic culture which connects people across borders. The spread of print supported specialization but also isolated some groups, while electronic media makes boundaries more permeable by exposing people to different experiences. Medium theory examines how access to social information and situations impacts status and behavior.
How media effects culture and how culture affectsBhavisha Jangid
media affects common people in various ways. media has influenced and become a essential part of our life. let us find out it effects our popular culture and trend
Intercultural Communication (Intercultural communication ) is communication that occurs between people who have different cultures (can be of different race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic, or a combination of all these differences). Culture is a way of life that is developed and embraced by a group of people and runs from generation to generation.
Power Point Presentation on Effective Intercultural Communication. The presentation shows: what is meant by culture and intercultural communication, different types of communication, the most common problems that hinder effective intercultural communication and possible solutions, intercultural communication in the classroom and in our city, and finally some tips to improve intercultural communication.
Sannheten om innholdsmarkedsføring – Ove Dalen på Epic Content Marketing 2015Content Marketing Norge
Ove Dalen – kunnskapsminister i Netlife Research – på Epic Content Marketing 2015. Ove går igjennom 5 årsaker til at vi feiler med innhold og hvordan vi kan løse dem.
Hvordan beregne avkastningen på din Content Marketing? Her er 10 formler!Content Marketing Norge
Michael Brenner, forfatter av boken The Content Formula og CEO i Marketing Insider Group, snakket under Epic Content Marketing 2016 om hvordan du kan måle avkastningen på din innholdsmarkedsføring.
I følgende artikkel er en handlingsplan på 10 steg og 10 kalkulasjoner som vil gi deg de tallene du trenger for å overbevise bedriften til å satse på Content Marketing: http://contentmarketing.no/kalkulere-avkastning-og-roi/
How media effects culture and how culture affectsBhavisha Jangid
media affects common people in various ways. media has influenced and become a essential part of our life. let us find out it effects our popular culture and trend
Intercultural Communication (Intercultural communication ) is communication that occurs between people who have different cultures (can be of different race, ethnicity, or socioeconomic, or a combination of all these differences). Culture is a way of life that is developed and embraced by a group of people and runs from generation to generation.
Power Point Presentation on Effective Intercultural Communication. The presentation shows: what is meant by culture and intercultural communication, different types of communication, the most common problems that hinder effective intercultural communication and possible solutions, intercultural communication in the classroom and in our city, and finally some tips to improve intercultural communication.
Sannheten om innholdsmarkedsføring – Ove Dalen på Epic Content Marketing 2015Content Marketing Norge
Ove Dalen – kunnskapsminister i Netlife Research – på Epic Content Marketing 2015. Ove går igjennom 5 årsaker til at vi feiler med innhold og hvordan vi kan løse dem.
Hvordan beregne avkastningen på din Content Marketing? Her er 10 formler!Content Marketing Norge
Michael Brenner, forfatter av boken The Content Formula og CEO i Marketing Insider Group, snakket under Epic Content Marketing 2016 om hvordan du kan måle avkastningen på din innholdsmarkedsføring.
I følgende artikkel er en handlingsplan på 10 steg og 10 kalkulasjoner som vil gi deg de tallene du trenger for å overbevise bedriften til å satse på Content Marketing: http://contentmarketing.no/kalkulere-avkastning-og-roi/
Nina Hareide-Larsen, Divisjonsdirektør i DNB, som vant prisen ”Content Excellence” under Epic Content Marketing 2015, snakket i sin fulle rett om nettopp Content Excellence under konferansen Content Performance 2015.
Nina leder arbeidet med sosiale medier i DNB, i tillegg til kundesenteret, hvor alle spørsmålene kommer inn. Hun snakket om hvordan de jobber med innholdsmarkedsføring. Nina ønsket å snakke om det som er mest nærliggende for prisen de fikk tidligere i år – Content Excellence.
Κριτική αποτίμηση και Προτάσεις αναμόρφωσεις της έκθεσης "Μεταμορφώσεις των Αθηνών. Άνθρωποι-
Μνήμες-Μνημεία. Φωτογραφικό οδοιπορικό 1839-1960" στο Μουσείο Ηρακλειδών
Οικομουσεία | Εννοιολογική προσέγγιση & εφαρμογές της έννοιαςMariangela Dimaki
* Προσέγγιση της έννοιας των οικομουσείων μέσα από μια ιστορική αναδρομή σε παγκόσμιο και ευρωπαϊκό επίπεδο
* Περιπτώσεις οικομουσείων στην Ελλάδα | ανάλυση του Οικομουσείου Vjosa/Aoos
* Κριτική ανάλυση των παραδειγμάτων που παρατίθενται
* Κριτική στάση ως προς τις μεταβολές της έννοιας του οικομουσείου κατά την εξελικτική της πορεία
Optimal Content- og innholdsutvikling – Joakim Ditlev på Epic Content Marketi...Content Marketing Norge
Joakim Ditlev fra Content Marketing DK og forfatter av den første danske boken om innholdsmarkedsføring – Content Marketing Bogen – var på Epic Content Marketing 2015. Joakim går igjennom optimalt innhold og innholdsutvikling.
Content Marketing – strategiseminar av Joakim Ditlev på Epic Content Marketin...Content Marketing Norge
Joakim Ditlev fra Content Marketing DK og forfatter av den første danske boken om innholdsmarkedsføring – Content Marketing Bogen – var på Epic Content Marketing 2015. Joakim går igjennom:
- Hvorfor innholdsmarkedsføring noen ganger mislykkes
- 5 steg til en innholdsmarkedsføringsstrategi
- Hvordan du kan selge innholdsmarkedsføring til dine kolleger
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Innholdsmarkedsføring med salg og leads som mål – Inbound Group på Epic Cont...Content Marketing Norge
Barbro Fagerbakk og Tor Magnus Kolflaath fra Idium og Inbound Group på Epic Content Marketing 2015. De går igjennom innholdsmarkedsføring med salg og leads som mål.
6 Steps to Building a Massive Audience with Content – Joe Pulizzi på Epic Con...Content Marketing Norge
Joe Pulizzi – verdens fremste på innholdsmarkedsføring – grunnlegger av Content Marketing Institute i USA var på Epic Content Marketing 2015 i Oslo 2. og 3. juni.
Han går igjennom 6 steg som du kan følge for å bygge et stort publikum ved hjelp av innhold. Du kan lese om de seks stegene i detaljer her, hvor vi har gått igjennom hele presentasjonen til Joe: http://contentmarketing.no/bygge-stort-publikum-med-innholdsmarkedsforing
Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxalfredacavx97
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Media and SocietyMedia HistoryJOHN DEWEY – 185.docxjessiehampson
Media and Society
Media History
JOHN DEWEY – 1859-1952
Harold A. Innis
1894-1952
Marshall McLuhan – 1911-1980
Walter J. Ong, S.J.
1912-2003
Robert W. McChesney – 1952-
Three Historical Narratives:
Oral to Electronic Culture
Oral Culture – all interactions take place in face-to-face discussions.
Written Culture – a shared system of inscription in a literate society exists so that communication can take place outside of face-to-face discussions across time and space.
Print Culture – an expansion of Written Culture that encompasses the consequent social and cultural changes that result from the proliferation of printer material.
Electronic Culture – communication transcends time and space.
There is a different sense of time in Oral Culture, according to Ong.
Since there are no records, memory cannot be recorded. History
can only reside in the present, in the telling of the story. Memory
is thematic and formulaic. The story may vary very little from telling to
telling over time, but the words and phrases used may differ.
Performance is the key to authorship. Every time a story is told or a work is
performed, it is shaped by the performer and provides a new model for future performances.
Oral cultures are relatively homogeneous with respect to knowledge and social norms but public and shared across generations.
Written Culture, according to McLuhan , has been the means of creating
‘civilized man.’
According to Innis, written communication allowed societies to persevere through time by creating durable texts which could be handed down and referred to. This allowed for control of knowledge by certain hierarchies and also allowed for centralized control to expand over a wider area.
Audiences could be remote in time and space, and the communicator could guarantee that the message received is identical to the one sent without having to rely on the memory of the messenger. The communicator could reach a wider and more disparate audience.
Print Culture – the ability to mechanically reproduce text freed writing
from its reliance on an elite group of individuals and guaranteed that
each copy of the text would be identical to every other copy.
Printing was instrumental in the development of a secular society and in the establishment of a democracy among the upper classes in early
modern Europe, according to historian, Elizabeth Eisenstein.
Printing reinforced the sense of individuality and privacy and makes
Introspection possible.
Printing enabled the emergence of the newspaper and the novel, and
altered the very structure of human consciousness and thought.
Electronic Culture – the telegraph reorganized people’s perception of space and time; it enabled the transmission of messages across space, and it fostered a rational reorganization of time. The telegraph also separated transportation from communication.
According to Innis, electronic culture allows for a new fo.
Designed for 2nd year college students at ISEG school in Lyon, France, this course ( about 2 hours when delivered with examples) is a summary of major communication theories
Mind the Gap between Perceptions & Reality - Nalaka Gunawardene keynote to He...Nalaka Gunawardene
Plenary talk by Nalaka Gunawardene at the HelpAge Asia Pacific Regional Conference 2014 on "Older People in Ageing Societies: Burden or Resource?" held in Chiang Mai, Thailand, 1 to 4 Sep 2014.
Mind the Gap between Perceptions & Reality - Nalaka Gunawardene keynote to He...
Media and society
1. Keynote Speech – Saturday King Center Concert Hall 4:5:15
Medium Theory – Theory of Medium Ecology
Harold Adams Innis – political economist
Argues that elites can control some forms of media better than others
A special encoding or decoding skill that supports the special interest of elite classes
Because of more time and recourses to exploit it.
Papyrus – pa-pie-rus – a plant native to the Nile valley – paper was made using thin
strips of the pith of this plant laid together, soaked, pressed, and dried
Hieroglyphics – time biased communication, rarely revised, and limited mobility
Ong, Carpenter, Schwartz, and Boorstin claim that electronic media has altered
thinking patterns and social organizations.
Boorstin – new media has made experiences ‘repeatable’
Three major forms of communication:
1. traditional oral societies
- living memory
- memorization and recitation
- this is why they used stories to make memorization easier
- individuality is difficult to keep up with and especially difficult to pass on
to any significant number of people
- creativity and newness are discouraged as potential destructive forces
- a society of community
2. The traditional scribal phase
- separation of knowledge
- allows people to know and experience different things, to have different
world views
- to feel connected to each other
- religious unity
- a separation between rich and poor
- ideas move from the world of the aural and temporal (secular) to the
world of the visual and spatial
- a listener can interrupt where a reader has to let the author have his or
her say before drafting a reply
- a break from aural involvement allows people to become more
introspective and independent in thought
- a shift from the round world of sound to the linear form of typography
- multiple copies – “safety in numbers”
3. Global electronic culture
- a shift back to the aural but it is not subject to the physical limitations of
time and space
2. - they can be experienced simultaneously by large numbers of people
regardless of their location
- the sharing of experience across nations dilutes the power of the nation
state
- emphasizes feeling, appearance, and mood
Medium Theory
Patterns of access to social information are linked to patterns of access to social
situations. Ex. Patients stay out of hospital staff meetings, customers out of
restaurant kitchens
The more situations and participants are segregated, the greater differentiation in
status and behavior
Exposing different people to different experiences
Isolating the contexts for one social role from those of another
Situations and information systems
Isolated place for adult conversation but the media makes it accessible to children
Ex. Talk shows
The role triad
Group Identity/Socialization/Hierarchy
The spread of print supports compartmentalization and specialization.
Widens the gap between those who can read and those who cannot.
Young are excluded from all printed communication (innocence)
Childhood and adulthood are both invented in the Western culture
Age rules
Dress rules
Classroom rules – segmenting information while keeping other information in
continued secrecy
Oral society – unity is a homogeneous solidarity that relies on people acting,
thinking, and feeling in relatively similar ways
Print society – unity depends on heterogeneity. The world is a machine with
distinct parts and people that fit together to make it work
- division of labor, separation of social spheres, segmentation of identities
by class, occupation, sex, etc.
Electronic media tends to reverse the trend of isolated spheres by making
boundaries more permeable.
It has helped to brake the trend of where we are and what we know and experience.
Television takes sheltered children across the globe
Women are no longer isolated in a domestic sphere
3. T.V. blurs the line between public and private and has lifted the veils of secrecy
between adults and children, men and women, politicians and average man
Some chosen technologies may have social consequences
Uni-directional mass communication when the political and economic system is
stimulating consumption of goods and ideology.
Medium theory – not as deterministic but as a model that deals in general
tendencies
History shows us the books had two major influences:
1. The fostering of religion
2. The further empowering of central monarchial and religious authorities(who
controlled most of what was printed)
However, now it has cultured the opposite
1. The weakening of religion
2. Growth of science
3. Decline of monarchs with the development of constitutional systems.
Electronic print made it impossible for some countries to restrict their citizens
access to many aspects of Western culture
Encouraged by ongoing global response
the ability to create publics, define issues, provide common terms of reference, and thus
to allocate attention and power
He also believed that technology, in any aspect, was a way in which humans amplified
their own abilities; the car is an extension of the feet, clothing is an extension of the skin,
mobile communications are an extension of the voice, and so on. This ties into the
importance of the medium in itself as we interact with our own realities.
How people use media to create a sense of community
the content is not always primary but the act and comfort of the repetition of the action
makes us feel involved.
Ex. Morning ritual of newspaper and coffee or a favorite television show
Or logging into Facebook. This is more of a ritual than being interested or not
Heuristics:
Critical terms critical ideas critical tools
Lexicon – discipline specific
Form – platform, delivery (not was is being delivered)
Ex. The packaging of a birthday gift
Do we pay attention to the meat only? What about how it was delivered?
4. What senses are activated?
Power and the nature of sound: The message is gone after it is spoken. Speed of
connection.
Encoding and decoding model
Speaker – receiver – audience
How many people can attend to the message at the same time?
Before computers: telephone, print, radio or television, film
When the Internet comes into play it started to devastate these industries
Convergence – all these things converged into a singular platform