This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) trends and challenges in attracting productive FDI to support development in the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (ESCWA) region.
It finds that while FDI inflows to the ESCWA region have grown significantly, the top recipients are primarily Gulf countries rich in oil and gas. To better leverage FDI for development, countries need policies to encourage knowledge and technology transfers to domestic firms, entrepreneurship, and regional investment. Public-private partnerships can help develop infrastructure to support continued growth. Strengthening data collection and sharing between UNCTAD and UNESCWA would aid policymaking.
How to do business in qatar v2 @risman biznetRisman BizNet
ย
How to do Business in Qatar &What Sectors Are Worth Tapping Presentation to Indonesian Businessman in Qatar by UHY Ammo & Co Qatar. Event Organized by Indonesian Embassy Doha Qatar
- Utah exports to Saudi Arabia grew 35% in 2011 and 55% in 2012 YTD, led by industrial machinery, toys, and optic/medical instruments.
- The Saudi economy is projected to grow over 4.5% in 2011, with non-oil sectors like construction and transport growing even faster.
- Major market opportunities for Utah companies exist in infrastructure, utilities, IT, and water projects, with the Saudi government committing billions for development.
Business Opportunity in Qatar - PresentationAlex Schnapp
ย
The document provides an overview of business opportunities and the economic climate in Qatar. It notes that Qatar has the highest GDP per capita in the world and is investing heavily in infrastructure projects in preparation for the 2022 World Cup. Key sectors highlighted for opportunities include construction, healthcare, defense, IT, petrochemicals, transportation, and water/wastewater treatment. The Qatari government is also focusing on economic diversification and increasing spending on education.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to direct investment into production in another country. FDI is generally preferred over other forms of external financing as it is non-debt creating and returns depend on project performance. India permits FDI through various routes like automatic approval, government approval, or Cabinet Committee approval depending on the sector and investment amount. The top sectors to receive FDI in India are services, construction, and telecommunications. Mauritius, Singapore, and the United States are the top countries investing in India, with Mauritius being the largest source of FDI.
foreign direct investment in India from 1990-2014,fdi analysis in different sectors,fdi routes, fdi approval board in india, advantages and disadvantages of fdi,analysis of fdi in india from 1990-2014,state wise fdi data,top country investors in india
FDI in the Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown significantly in recent years. The government has undertaken initiatives like tax reductions for R&D spending to encourage growth. While India has a strong manufacturing base and skilled workforce, it lacks investment in research. FDI allows foreign companies to set up manufacturing facilities through greenfield investments or purchase existing plants through brownfield investments. Joint ventures also provide opportunities for technology transfer and skills development. Mauritius is a major source of FDI in the Indian pharmaceutical sector.
Opportunity Arabia conference
Thursday 2nd October 2014
Omar Bahlaiwa
Secretary General, Saudi Committee for International Trade
'The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Gateway to Investment Opportunities in the Middle East'
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important source of foreign investment in developing countries like India. It provides capital to supplement domestic investment and support higher economic growth. FDI refers to investment made by a company or entity located in one country into business interests located in another country. It is more stable than investments in a country's stock market because it represents durable, long-term investments. India permits FDI through various means like joint ventures, capital markets, and private placements. Key factors that attract FDI to India include its large market size and skilled workforce. Sectors receiving the most FDI include services, software/hardware, telecom, housing, and automobiles. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and
How to do business in qatar v2 @risman biznetRisman BizNet
ย
How to do Business in Qatar &What Sectors Are Worth Tapping Presentation to Indonesian Businessman in Qatar by UHY Ammo & Co Qatar. Event Organized by Indonesian Embassy Doha Qatar
- Utah exports to Saudi Arabia grew 35% in 2011 and 55% in 2012 YTD, led by industrial machinery, toys, and optic/medical instruments.
- The Saudi economy is projected to grow over 4.5% in 2011, with non-oil sectors like construction and transport growing even faster.
- Major market opportunities for Utah companies exist in infrastructure, utilities, IT, and water projects, with the Saudi government committing billions for development.
Business Opportunity in Qatar - PresentationAlex Schnapp
ย
The document provides an overview of business opportunities and the economic climate in Qatar. It notes that Qatar has the highest GDP per capita in the world and is investing heavily in infrastructure projects in preparation for the 2022 World Cup. Key sectors highlighted for opportunities include construction, healthcare, defense, IT, petrochemicals, transportation, and water/wastewater treatment. The Qatari government is also focusing on economic diversification and increasing spending on education.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) refers to direct investment into production in another country. FDI is generally preferred over other forms of external financing as it is non-debt creating and returns depend on project performance. India permits FDI through various routes like automatic approval, government approval, or Cabinet Committee approval depending on the sector and investment amount. The top sectors to receive FDI in India are services, construction, and telecommunications. Mauritius, Singapore, and the United States are the top countries investing in India, with Mauritius being the largest source of FDI.
foreign direct investment in India from 1990-2014,fdi analysis in different sectors,fdi routes, fdi approval board in india, advantages and disadvantages of fdi,analysis of fdi in india from 1990-2014,state wise fdi data,top country investors in india
FDI in the Indian pharmaceutical industry has grown significantly in recent years. The government has undertaken initiatives like tax reductions for R&D spending to encourage growth. While India has a strong manufacturing base and skilled workforce, it lacks investment in research. FDI allows foreign companies to set up manufacturing facilities through greenfield investments or purchase existing plants through brownfield investments. Joint ventures also provide opportunities for technology transfer and skills development. Mauritius is a major source of FDI in the Indian pharmaceutical sector.
Opportunity Arabia conference
Thursday 2nd October 2014
Omar Bahlaiwa
Secretary General, Saudi Committee for International Trade
'The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The Gateway to Investment Opportunities in the Middle East'
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is an important source of foreign investment in developing countries like India. It provides capital to supplement domestic investment and support higher economic growth. FDI refers to investment made by a company or entity located in one country into business interests located in another country. It is more stable than investments in a country's stock market because it represents durable, long-term investments. India permits FDI through various means like joint ventures, capital markets, and private placements. Key factors that attract FDI to India include its large market size and skilled workforce. Sectors receiving the most FDI include services, software/hardware, telecom, housing, and automobiles. Mauritius, Singapore, the US and
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI as cross-border investment made by a company in one country into business operations in another country, with the goal of establishing a long-term stake. FDI brings capital, technical skills, and management expertise to the host country. India has pursued policies to liberalize and promote FDI since the 1990s across many sectors like telecom, IT, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles. FDI is regulated through the automatic route or government approval route depending on the sector. Major sources of FDI for India include Mauritius, Singapore, the US, and the UK.
This document analyzes trends and growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It finds that while global FDI flows recovered in 2010-2011 for many emerging market economies, FDI inflows to India remained sluggish during this period despite strong domestic economic growth. Through a comparative analysis, the document suggests that India's moderate FDI growth compared to its potential could partly be due to policy uncertainty, as measured by an index of institutional factors. A cross-country comparison of FDI policies finds that while India has progressively liberalized its FDI framework, some countries like Argentina, Brazil and Russia have fewer sectoral restrictions, implying a more open policy stance.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It notes that the cabinet approved 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail. While farmers may benefit, small traders fear they cannot withstand competition. The document provides background on FDI and sectors that attract investment. It also lists factors that attract FDI, such as market size, infrastructure, skilled labor, and a stable political/regulatory environment. Both benefits and concerns of FDI in retail are discussed. The conclusion is that FDI's advantages outweigh disadvantages and it is important for India's economic growth, despite some negative impacts.
This document analyzes trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to India from 2000-2014. It has two main objectives: 1) To study trends and patterns of FDI flows, and 2) To identify factors influencing FDI flows to India. The author collects data from secondary sources like RBI to analyze FDI magnitudes and factors. Key findings include that major investing countries are Mauritius, Singapore, and the UK, while most FDI goes to services, construction, and telecommunications. Factors found to affect FDI include profitability, costs, economic conditions, government policy, political stability, and ease of doing business.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI and describes the different types. It outlines the routes for FDI in India, the sectors that permit and do not permit FDI, and trends in FDI inflows in recent years. Challenges to FDI are also examined, as well as recent developments like India targeting $50 billion in annual FDI by 2012.
The document discusses India's foreign direct investment (FDI) policies across several key sectors. It outlines the authorities involved in foreign investment and provides details on FDI limits and procedures in retail, private sector banking, petroleum and natural gas, aviation, telecom, and concludes by noting India has generally attracted higher FDI in line with its strong economy but there was some moderation recently due to delays in policy changes.
The document discusses several theories of foreign direct investment (FDI):
- The product life cycle theory states that firms invest abroad in the maturity phase to export products and maintain monopoly power.
- The eclectic theory suggests that FDI occurs when ownership, location, and internalization advantages uniquely combine for a firm.
- Internalization theory holds that firms use FDI to balance markets and capture earnings across borders.
It also outlines the main routes for FDI approval in India - the automatic route through the Reserve Bank of India for certain equity levels and sectors, and the FIPB and CCFI routes for cases requiring government approval. Key sectors and countries contributing major FDI inflows to India are also highlighted.
The Middle East Geological Forum Company is a privately owned company that works with the Jordanian government to develop natural resources and other sectors. It provides information on investing in Jordan, which has a stable government and economy. Jordan offers incentives for foreign investment including tax exemptions and freedom to repatriate profits. The document discusses Jordan's investment environment, laws, and incentives for developing natural resources.
The document discusses foreign direct investment opportunities and regulations in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's economy, noting its fast GDP growth, large population, and competitive labor costs. It outlines the country's favorable investment policies, which allow 100% foreign ownership, treat domestic and foreign investors equally, and provide various fiscal incentives. The document also lists the sectors that are open for foreign investment, including manufacturing, agriculture, infrastructure, ICT and others. It summarizes the country's investment promotion framework and incentives available to foreign investors.
FDI refers to foreign direct investment, which occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities to produce or market a product in a foreign country. The presentation discusses FDI in Bangladesh, including factors that affect the country's FDI climate such as infrastructure, financial infrastructure, technological infrastructure, and international integration. It also examines variables related to FDI, including GDP, exports, and domestic investment as dependent variables, and FDI inflows as the independent variable. Regression analysis is used to show the impact of FDI inflows on GDP, finding a positive but not statistically significant relationship.
The Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) (Bengali: เฆฌเฆพเฆเฆฒเฆพเฆฆเงเฆถ เฆฐเฆชเงเฆคเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆเงเฆฐเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆเฆฐเฆฃ เฆ เฆเงเฆเฆฒ เฆเฆฐเงเฆคเงเฆชเฆเงเฆท) is an agency of the Government of Bangladesh and is administered out of the Prime Minister's Office. Its objective is to manage the various export processing zones in Bangladesh. BEPZA currently oversees the operations of eight export processing zones (EPZ). A ninth zone is scheduled to open in the future. Recently government has announced that in 15 years 100 new EPZ and SEZ will be established.
1. The document discusses Dhaka Export Processing Zone (EPZ), which was established in 1993 in Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2. An EPZ is an industrial area with incentives like tax exemptions to attract foreign investment, where goods can be imported, manufactured, and exported with reduced duties.
3. Dhaka EPZ provides industrial plots, infrastructure, administrative facilities, and fiscal/non-fiscal incentives to promote foreign and local investment, diversify exports, generate employment, and develop skills and management.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It provides background on FDI, including its introduction in India in 1991. The key advantages of FDI for India are listed as economic growth, increased employment, superior products, and investment. Some sectors that attract significant FDI are infrastructure, automotive, retail, and technology. While there are also some disadvantages like limited jobs and loss of control, the document concludes that FDI provides more benefits to India given its developing economy through job creation, revenue growth, and higher quality goods.
Foreign trade involves the import and export of goods between countries. Bangladesh relies on foreign direct investment (FDI) for economic growth, particularly in its ready-made garment (RMG) sector. However, FDI declined in recent years due to political unrest and factory inspection costs. Bangladesh needs FDI not just in RMG but also in infrastructure, agriculture, food processing, energy and technology. Attracting FDI faces challenges including limited skilled labor, a small export base, geographic constraints, and political instability. The government aims to boost FDI through tax incentives and economic zones.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves investing foreign funds into a business operating in another country. There are three types of FDI: horizontal, platform, and vertical. India progressively liberalized FDI between 1991-2000 by expanding the number of sectors eligible for automatic approval of up to 100% foreign ownership and removing many from requiring government approval. FDI provides benefits like infrastructure, expertise, reducing the current account deficit and stabilizing the rupee, but can also have disadvantages like destroying small businesses and increasing income inequality.
FDI in India has been increasing over the past few decades. [1] Developed countries received most FDI historically but developing countries like China and India have received higher amounts in recent years. [2] FDI provides benefits like economic growth, technology diffusion, employment opportunities and increases in domestic firm capabilities. [3] India's GDP growth increased dramatically after economic reforms in 1992 that coincided with rising FDI inflows.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) made by Bangladesh in other countries over the last five years. It begins with an introduction that outlines the objectives of the report and methodology used. Theories of FDI are then discussed, including reasons for investing abroad such as maximizing profits and diversification. Limitations of alternatives to FDI like exporting and licensing are also covered. Current FDI scenarios for Bangladesh are examined, including outflows as a percentage of GDP. Guidelines for Bangladeshi companies investing overseas are provided. Leading Bangladeshi companies that have invested abroad are identified. Finally, potential investment opportunities for Bangladesh are discussed.
The document discusses the role and government policy regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in India over several phases. It notes that FDI brings benefits like capital, technology, skills, and exports but also risks like currency outflows. As such, government policy has shifted from cautiously welcoming FDI in the 1950s-60s to imposing restrictions in the 1970s due to currency concerns to gradual liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s as the economy opened up. Since the 1990s reforms, government policy has increasingly opened sectors and streamlined approval to promote greater FDI inflows, though some sectors remain restricted.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI as cross-border investment made by a company in one country into business operations in another country, with the goal of establishing a long-term stake. FDI brings capital, technical skills, and management expertise to the host country. India has pursued policies to liberalize and promote FDI since the 1990s across many sectors like telecom, IT, pharmaceuticals, and automobiles. FDI is regulated through the automatic route or government approval route depending on the sector. Major sources of FDI for India include Mauritius, Singapore, the US, and the UK.
This document analyzes trends and growth of foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It finds that while global FDI flows recovered in 2010-2011 for many emerging market economies, FDI inflows to India remained sluggish during this period despite strong domestic economic growth. Through a comparative analysis, the document suggests that India's moderate FDI growth compared to its potential could partly be due to policy uncertainty, as measured by an index of institutional factors. A cross-country comparison of FDI policies finds that while India has progressively liberalized its FDI framework, some countries like Argentina, Brazil and Russia have fewer sectoral restrictions, implying a more open policy stance.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It notes that the cabinet approved 51% FDI in multi-brand retail and 100% FDI in single-brand retail. While farmers may benefit, small traders fear they cannot withstand competition. The document provides background on FDI and sectors that attract investment. It also lists factors that attract FDI, such as market size, infrastructure, skilled labor, and a stable political/regulatory environment. Both benefits and concerns of FDI in retail are discussed. The conclusion is that FDI's advantages outweigh disadvantages and it is important for India's economic growth, despite some negative impacts.
This document analyzes trends in foreign direct investment (FDI) flows to India from 2000-2014. It has two main objectives: 1) To study trends and patterns of FDI flows, and 2) To identify factors influencing FDI flows to India. The author collects data from secondary sources like RBI to analyze FDI magnitudes and factors. Key findings include that major investing countries are Mauritius, Singapore, and the UK, while most FDI goes to services, construction, and telecommunications. Factors found to affect FDI include profitability, costs, economic conditions, government policy, political stability, and ease of doing business.
The document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It defines FDI and describes the different types. It outlines the routes for FDI in India, the sectors that permit and do not permit FDI, and trends in FDI inflows in recent years. Challenges to FDI are also examined, as well as recent developments like India targeting $50 billion in annual FDI by 2012.
The document discusses India's foreign direct investment (FDI) policies across several key sectors. It outlines the authorities involved in foreign investment and provides details on FDI limits and procedures in retail, private sector banking, petroleum and natural gas, aviation, telecom, and concludes by noting India has generally attracted higher FDI in line with its strong economy but there was some moderation recently due to delays in policy changes.
The document discusses several theories of foreign direct investment (FDI):
- The product life cycle theory states that firms invest abroad in the maturity phase to export products and maintain monopoly power.
- The eclectic theory suggests that FDI occurs when ownership, location, and internalization advantages uniquely combine for a firm.
- Internalization theory holds that firms use FDI to balance markets and capture earnings across borders.
It also outlines the main routes for FDI approval in India - the automatic route through the Reserve Bank of India for certain equity levels and sectors, and the FIPB and CCFI routes for cases requiring government approval. Key sectors and countries contributing major FDI inflows to India are also highlighted.
The Middle East Geological Forum Company is a privately owned company that works with the Jordanian government to develop natural resources and other sectors. It provides information on investing in Jordan, which has a stable government and economy. Jordan offers incentives for foreign investment including tax exemptions and freedom to repatriate profits. The document discusses Jordan's investment environment, laws, and incentives for developing natural resources.
The document discusses foreign direct investment opportunities and regulations in Bangladesh. It provides an overview of Bangladesh's economy, noting its fast GDP growth, large population, and competitive labor costs. It outlines the country's favorable investment policies, which allow 100% foreign ownership, treat domestic and foreign investors equally, and provide various fiscal incentives. The document also lists the sectors that are open for foreign investment, including manufacturing, agriculture, infrastructure, ICT and others. It summarizes the country's investment promotion framework and incentives available to foreign investors.
FDI refers to foreign direct investment, which occurs when a firm invests directly in facilities to produce or market a product in a foreign country. The presentation discusses FDI in Bangladesh, including factors that affect the country's FDI climate such as infrastructure, financial infrastructure, technological infrastructure, and international integration. It also examines variables related to FDI, including GDP, exports, and domestic investment as dependent variables, and FDI inflows as the independent variable. Regression analysis is used to show the impact of FDI inflows on GDP, finding a positive but not statistically significant relationship.
The Bangladesh Export Processing Zone Authority (BEPZA) (Bengali: เฆฌเฆพเฆเฆฒเฆพเฆฆเงเฆถ เฆฐเฆชเงเฆคเฆพเฆจเฆฟ เฆชเงเฆฐเฆเงเฆฐเฆฟเฆฏเฆผเฆพเฆเฆฐเฆฃ เฆ เฆเงเฆเฆฒ เฆเฆฐเงเฆคเงเฆชเฆเงเฆท) is an agency of the Government of Bangladesh and is administered out of the Prime Minister's Office. Its objective is to manage the various export processing zones in Bangladesh. BEPZA currently oversees the operations of eight export processing zones (EPZ). A ninth zone is scheduled to open in the future. Recently government has announced that in 15 years 100 new EPZ and SEZ will be established.
1. The document discusses Dhaka Export Processing Zone (EPZ), which was established in 1993 in Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
2. An EPZ is an industrial area with incentives like tax exemptions to attract foreign investment, where goods can be imported, manufactured, and exported with reduced duties.
3. Dhaka EPZ provides industrial plots, infrastructure, administrative facilities, and fiscal/non-fiscal incentives to promote foreign and local investment, diversify exports, generate employment, and develop skills and management.
This document discusses foreign direct investment (FDI) in India. It provides background on FDI, including its introduction in India in 1991. The key advantages of FDI for India are listed as economic growth, increased employment, superior products, and investment. Some sectors that attract significant FDI are infrastructure, automotive, retail, and technology. While there are also some disadvantages like limited jobs and loss of control, the document concludes that FDI provides more benefits to India given its developing economy through job creation, revenue growth, and higher quality goods.
Foreign trade involves the import and export of goods between countries. Bangladesh relies on foreign direct investment (FDI) for economic growth, particularly in its ready-made garment (RMG) sector. However, FDI declined in recent years due to political unrest and factory inspection costs. Bangladesh needs FDI not just in RMG but also in infrastructure, agriculture, food processing, energy and technology. Attracting FDI faces challenges including limited skilled labor, a small export base, geographic constraints, and political instability. The government aims to boost FDI through tax incentives and economic zones.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) involves investing foreign funds into a business operating in another country. There are three types of FDI: horizontal, platform, and vertical. India progressively liberalized FDI between 1991-2000 by expanding the number of sectors eligible for automatic approval of up to 100% foreign ownership and removing many from requiring government approval. FDI provides benefits like infrastructure, expertise, reducing the current account deficit and stabilizing the rupee, but can also have disadvantages like destroying small businesses and increasing income inequality.
FDI in India has been increasing over the past few decades. [1] Developed countries received most FDI historically but developing countries like China and India have received higher amounts in recent years. [2] FDI provides benefits like economic growth, technology diffusion, employment opportunities and increases in domestic firm capabilities. [3] India's GDP growth increased dramatically after economic reforms in 1992 that coincided with rising FDI inflows.
This document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI) made by Bangladesh in other countries over the last five years. It begins with an introduction that outlines the objectives of the report and methodology used. Theories of FDI are then discussed, including reasons for investing abroad such as maximizing profits and diversification. Limitations of alternatives to FDI like exporting and licensing are also covered. Current FDI scenarios for Bangladesh are examined, including outflows as a percentage of GDP. Guidelines for Bangladeshi companies investing overseas are provided. Leading Bangladeshi companies that have invested abroad are identified. Finally, potential investment opportunities for Bangladesh are discussed.
The document discusses the role and government policy regarding foreign direct investment (FDI) in India over several phases. It notes that FDI brings benefits like capital, technology, skills, and exports but also risks like currency outflows. As such, government policy has shifted from cautiously welcoming FDI in the 1950s-60s to imposing restrictions in the 1970s due to currency concerns to gradual liberalization in the 1980s and 1990s as the economy opened up. Since the 1990s reforms, government policy has increasingly opened sectors and streamlined approval to promote greater FDI inflows, though some sectors remain restricted.
Saudi Arabia joined the WTO in 2005 and has experienced both benefits and challenges from membership. It has opened the Saudi economy to greater transparency, intellectual property protection, and foreign investment while also allowing Saudi exporters fairer access to global markets. Key industries like petrochemicals, telecommunications, and financial services have been impacted, including lower tariffs and more competition in petrochemicals and opportunities for growth and jobs in telecommunications. By ratifying the Trade Facilitation Agreement, Saudi Arabia aims to further improve foreign investment and economic development as part of its Vision 2030 goals. Overall, the document concludes that the positives of WTO membership outweigh the negatives for Saudi Arabia.
This document provides an overview of key facts about doing business in Kuwait. It discusses Kuwait's economy, growth drivers, business environment, tax system, strategic location, human capital, and sectors with investment opportunities. The summaries highlight Kuwait's young and educated workforce, 100% foreign ownership allowed, competitive tax rates and costs, investment grade credit ratings, and sizable infrastructure investment program and project pipeline.
Civil Services GS Indian Economics Handout 23: EPZs and EOUs in IndiaDr. Subir Maitra
ย
The document discusses the history and objectives of Special Economic Zones (SEZs) in India. Key points include:
- SEZs were introduced in 2000 to overcome shortcomings of prior Export Processing Zones and attract foreign investment through tax incentives and simplified regulations.
- The SEZ Act of 2005 aimed to generate economic activity, promote exports and investment, and create jobs through SEZ development. It established a single window clearance system.
- SEZs and units receive various tax exemptions and import/export incentives to encourage investment. Exports from SEZs have grown substantially since implementation.
The document discusses various policies and zones to boost exports, including Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Export Oriented Units (EOUs), and International Financial Centers (IFCs). It outlines the objectives, incentives, procedures and differences between SEZs and EOUs. For SEZs, it discusses the concept, development in India, and setting up procedures. For EOUs, it discusses eligibility, procedures, benefits, and differences from SEZs. For IFCs, it discusses the role and an example of the Dubai International Financial Center (DIFC), what it focuses on, and procedures for setting up there.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) in India began increasing in the early 1990s after economic liberalization. FDI brings foreign capital into the country and helps improve India's foreign exchange reserves and reduce its external debt. While FDI has advantages like economic growth and job creation, it also faces challenges like bureaucratic hurdles and lack of infrastructure in India that discourage investment at times. The government has implemented reforms to increase FDI by allowing up to 100% foreign ownership in many sectors.
International business involves economic activities beyond national borders, including trade, production, and foreign investment. For India, international business is important to import goods not produced domestically, export surplus goods, and attract foreign investment. While India had a large share in world trade historically, it declined to just 0.4% by 1980 before rising to 1.45% in 2008. Recent foreign trade policies aim to double India's share of global trade and use exports to generate economic growth and jobs. The government provides various incentives targeting key sectors to promote international business and make India a global trade hub.
Greetings,
Attached FYI ( NewBase Special 22 March 2016 ) , from Hawk Energy Services Dubai . Daily energy news covering the MENA area and related worldwide energy news. In todaysโ issue you will find news about:-
โข GCC integration to fuel economy by $36 billion
โข Oman: CC Energy Development to invest $340 m in Blocks 3 & 4
โข Gas begins flowing from Oxy Omanโs Block 62
โข Chinaโs Saudi crude imports near record high in February
โข Turkey:Valeura Energy Achieves First Gas Sales from Bati Gurgen-1
โข Rissia: PetroNeft Agrees 2016/2017 Work Program with Oil India
โข UK: Statoil launches Batwind: Battery storage for offshore wind
โข US: Dreaded 'stealth' supply becomes reality as drillers turn on 'ducks'
โข Oil futures prices slightly dip as commodity rally gathers breath
โข North Sea operators come together to drive costs down
โข Like the Oil Markets, Drillers Are Playing a Game of Wait and See
we would appreciate your actions to send to all interested parties that you may wish. Also note that if you or your organization wish to include your own article or advert in our circulations, please send it to :-
khdmohd@hotmail.com or khdmohd@hawkenergy.net
Best Regards.
Khaled Al Awadi
Energy Consultant & NewBase Chairman - Senior Chief Editor
MS & BS Mechanical Engineering (HON), USA
Emarat member since 1990
ASME meme since 1995
Hawk Energy since 2010
This presentation discusses the importance of Trade. The presentation will look at exports, imports, balance of trade, FIPA, Trade agreements and FDI.
This presentation is about educating people on the importance of having trade deals, but the right deals to support economic growth for a country.
Business and Investment Climate Kurdistan Region - IraqOECDglobal
ย
Kurdistan Region of Iraq has experienced rapid economic growth of 7% annually due to its secure location amid conflict in the rest of Iraq. The Kurdistan Investment Law of 2006 aims to diversify the economy beyond oil and gas by creating incentives for national and foreign investment. The Kurdistan Board of Investment facilitates over $41 billion in investment projects across sectors like housing, industry, and tourism by providing land, infrastructure support, and tax exemptions. While the construction and energy sectors initially attracted most investment, the government is now focused on diversifying into new target industries. International standards in sectors such as pharmaceuticals and cement indicate Kurdistan's development ambitions.
Business and Investment Climate โ Kurdistan Region, IraqOECDglobal
ย
Kurdistan Region of Iraq has experienced rapid economic growth of 7% annually due to its secure location amid conflict in the surrounding region. The Kurdistan Investment Law of 2006 established incentives like tax exemptions and land subsidies to attract over $41 billion in investments across sectors like housing, industry, and tourism. The Kurdistan Board of Investment facilitates this process as a one-stop shop and has licensed over 721 projects. However, the region still needs support establishing industrial zones and improving food safety regulations to further diversify its economy beyond oil and gas.
The document discusses constraints to foreign direct investment (FDI) in Zimbabwe and potential solutions. It outlines that while Zimbabwe has implemented measures to attract FDI since 2009, policies like indigenization laws deter investment. It also faces debt issues and arrears that limit development funding. The document then examines specific obstacles like inconsistent government support for FDI, outdated investment reviews, laws requiring black ownership of companies, and inefficient business registration and screening processes. It proposes establishing a one-stop online investor portal that streamlines paperwork and connects investors to relevant agencies as a way to cut costs and red tape. The portal would provide information, forms, and a way for investors to lodge queries and access support.
Unit v regulation and promotion of foreign tradeNaveen Kumar
ย
The document discusses India's regulation and promotion of foreign trade and investments. It outlines key changes made in the 1990s and 2000s to liberalize and encourage foreign direct investment, including allowing up to 100% FDI in many industries and easing restrictions on foreign technology agreements. It also discusses the objectives of the Foreign Trade Act and India's EXIM policies in promoting exports and reducing trade barriers.
This document provides a summary of key changes made in Korea's 2022 Foreign Investment Guide. It highlights strengthened tax support for research and development (R&D) and facility investment in national strategic technologies. It also notes increased tax credits for hiring young or disabled workers outside major cities and the establishment of a new high-tech investment zone scheme. Additional foreign investment zones were designated and conditions for business incubation were eased to attract more foreign investment and talent.
The document provides an overview of foreign direct investment (FDI), including:
- Definitions and types of FDI such as greenfield investment, mergers and acquisitions, horizontal and vertical FDI.
- Advantages and disadvantages of FDI for host countries.
- The FDI procedure and approval routes in India, along with sector-specific FDI limits.
- Trends in FDI inflows to India over time and by source country, with the largest sources being Mauritius, Singapore, UK and US.
- Global FDI trends showing a rise in flows to developing countries like China and India.
Real Estate Online solution is to provide all kinds of solutions for those who are looking to rent and buy properties. Every year population growth is almost 3.5%. Every year nationals needs 12000 housing units and expat needs more numbers. This is very big opportunity and there is no centralised solution available.
1) Special Economic Zones (SEZs) are designated areas that have more liberal economic laws than the rest of the country in order to encourage investment and job creation.
2) The objectives of SEZs are to create employment opportunities, promote investment, boost exports, generate additional economic activity, and develop infrastructure.
3) SEZs provide various incentives like tax holidays, duty-free imports, single window clearances, and developed industrial spaces to attract businesses. However, some argue that SEZs negatively impact food security, agriculture, and the environment.
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The document proposes introducing the CIMA Certification Course for finance employees in the Government of Dubai. It discusses two options for the course, which would develop skills through a 4-level program over 3-5 years depending on the option. CIMA is recognized globally as the leading certification for management accountants and provides benefits like consistency, flexibility, career development and superior client support. The program aims to establish a consistent learning and development framework for finance staff across government departments.
This document reports on global progress toward universal access to HIV/AIDS prevention, treatment, and care. Some key points:
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4. ESCWA in Comparison
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
2002
2003
2004
2005
ESCWA: rate of return
Developing economies: rate of return
World: rate of return
Inflow: share in developing countries
Exports of goods and services: share in developing countries
GDP: share in developing countries
2006
5. FDI Inflows
400'000
Millions of US Dollars
350'000
300'000
250'000
200'000
150'000
100'000
50'000
0
2002
2003
ESCWA Total
2004
2005
Developing Economies
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
2006
6. Top Recipient Countries
Top 6 by FDI Inflows, 2006
Lebanon
Bahrain
Jordan
United Arab
Emirates
2006
Egypt
Saudi Arabia
0
5'000
10'000
Millions of USD
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
15'000
20'000
7. FDI Inflows by Country
FDI Inflows (in millions of US Dollars)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Saudi Arabia
453
778
1'942
12'097
18'293
Egypt
647
237
2'157
5'376
10'043
1'307
4'256
10'004
10'900
8'386
Jordan
74
436
651
1'532
3'121
Bahrain
217
517
865
1'049
2'915
1'336
2'977
1'993
2'751
2'794
Qatar
624
625
1'199
1'152
1'786
Oman
122
494
229
900
952
Syrian Arab Republic
115
180
275
500
600
-2
0
300
515
272
Kuwait
4
-67
24
250
110
Palestinian Territory
9
18
49
47
38
102
6
144
-302
-385
5'008
10'457
19'831
36'767
48'924
United Arab Emirates
Lebanon
Iraq
Yemen
Total
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
8. Distribution of FDI flows among
ESCWA countries, by range,
2006
Range
Inflows
Outflows
Over $5 billion
Saudi Arabia, UAE,
Egypt
Kuwait
$3-4.9 billion
Jordan
$1-2.9 billion
Bahrain, Lebanon, Qatar
UAE
$0.5-0.9 billion
Oman, Syrian Arab
Republic
Bahrain Saudi Arabia
$0.1-0.4 billion
Iraq, Kuwait
Qatar, Oman
Less than $0.1 billion
Palestinian territory ,
Yemen
Lebanon, Syrian Arab
Rep, Yemen, Paletianian
territory and Jordan
Source:TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
9. FDI Outflows
200'000
180'000
Millions of US Dollars
160'000
140'000
120'000
100'000
80'000
60'000
40'000
20'000
0
-20'000
2002
2003
ESCWA Total
2004
2005
Developing Economies
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
2006
10. FDI Outflows
Top 6 by FDI Outflows, 2006
Oman
Qatar
Saudi Arabia
Bahrain
United Arab
Emirates
Kuwait
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
Millions of USD
Source: UNCTAD, World Investment Report 2007.
6000
7000
8000
9000
11. FDI Outflows by Country
FDI Outflows (millions of US Dollars)
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Kuwait
-77
-4'960
2'526
5'142
7'892
United Arab Emirates
413
991
2'208
3'750
2'316
Bahrain
190
741
1'036
1'123
980
Saudi Arabia
211
368
709
1'183
753
Qatar
-21
88
192
352
379
Oman
3
153
250
114
247
Egypt
28
21
159
92
148
0
40
213
122
71
119
57
48
61
55
39
61
21
26
36
2'90
7
-437
9'366
13'970
14'883
Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic
Yemen
Total
Source: UNCTAD, FDI/TNC database (www.unctad.org/fdistatistics/)
12. Top Recipient Sectors
โข
Services remained the dominant sector for FDI in the region,
a major proportion of which went to financial services.
โข
There were also several large deals in telecommunications.
โข
High oil prices have are attracting increasing FDI in oil and
gas-related industries.
โข
GCC countries with large surpluses are rapidly increasing
expenditures on large infrastructure projects, which are also
attracting more FDI.
13. Diversifying Industries
โข
The Gulf countries seeking to
diversify their production
activities beyond oil-related
activities have set up initiatives
to attract FDI into the
manufacturing sector.
โข
One example is the
establishment of Free Trade and
Industrial Zones in the United
Arab Emirates.
โข
The largest of these zones is
the Jebel Ali Free Zone in
Dubai.
Number of foreign firms in Jebel Ali
Free Zone, by nationality, 2005-2006
Number
Economy
2005
2006
Growth rate
(%)
Iraq
United Arab Emirates
India
Islamic Rep. of Iran
United Kingdom
United States
Germany
Pakistan
Japan
British Virgin Islands
Others
673
609
530
412
367
195
139
104
85
84
1 380
954
856
627
452
389
230
170
115
98
96
1 601
41.8
40.6
18.3
9.7
6.0
17.9
22.3
10.6
15.3
14.3
16.0
Total
4 578
5 588
22.1
Source: JETRO, 2006: 358
14. Qualified Industrial Zones
โข
โข
Jordan has taken a
similar approach with its
Qualified Industrial
Zones (QIZ).
These zones are
attracting investors to set
up manufacturing plants
to take advantage of
Jordan's preferential
trade agreements with
the United States and
Europe.
15. FDI Potential and Performance
High FDI performance
Low FDI performance
Front-runners
Below Potential
Bahrain, Jordan, Qatar, United
Arab Emirates
Kuwait, Oman, Saudi Arabia
Above Potential
Under-performers
Egypt, Lebanon
Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen
High FDI potential
Low FDI potential
Source: UNCTAD World Investment Report 2007
17. CHALLENGE
The objectives and the challenge for
ESCWA countries is not just to stimulate
FDI fows, but private flows which lead to
Development
18. New Actors since 2002
โข
Foreign investment originating from developing countries
has emerged as a new actor unforseen in the Monterrey
Consensus.
โข
Private equipty funds and sovereign funds from
ESCWA(GCC) have become a essential source of FDI in
recent years.
โข
Cross-border M&As by investors from ESCWA countries
with large current-account surpluses from high oil prices.
โข
About two-thirds of cross-border M&As from the ESCWA
region in 2006 targeted developed countries, especially the
United Kingdom, Canada and the United States.
19. South-to-South Investment within ESCWA region
โข
Investors from developing countries may have technologies and
business models more adaptable to the economies of FDI
recipients.
โข
High oil prices are supporting high growth in oil-exporting
countries and some Gulf governments are spending much more
on infrastructure.
โข
Most greenfield investments from ESCWA went to developing
countries in South, East and South-East Asia.
โข
Increase of ESCWA investment in Maghreb countries.
โข
However, investments from one ESCWA country to another within
the region is growing and needs to be encouraged.
20. Domestic Private Sector
โข
Foreign direct investment provides capital for a country's economic
development, if the right policies and investment environment is in
place.
โข
For example, FDI can effect technology and knowledge transfers to
the domestic private sector.
โข
Encouraging entrepreneurship, especially in Small and MediumSized Enterprises, are an important component for strengthening
the local private sector.
โข
In the right conditions, local companies can take advantage of these
transfers to improve their international competitiveness.
โข
Encouraging FDI requires the right domestic and international
factors, including a transparent, stable and predictable operating
environment.
21. Encouraging Investment
โข
Evaluate domestic law and regulations for investor friendliness. In
some areas, it may be possible to revise legal requirements to be
more streamlined and enforceable.
โข
Provide a stable and predictable investment environment through
greater transparency and accountability in decision-making.
โข
Develop a local supply of qualified labour by facilitating skills
transfer and human-resource development from foreign
companies investing in the host country.
โข
Introducing competition to the domestic economy for more efficient
sectors and local companies that can be internationally successful.
22. Recent Investment-Friendly
Policy Developments
Qatar
โข
โข
In telecommunications, Qatar's Supreme Council of
Information and Communication Technology launched the
licensing process for a second fixed-line phone operator.
The Government is reportedly considering a revision to the
investment law to allow majority foreign participation in more
sectors.
Syrian Arab Republic
โข
โข
Introduce new law providing equal treatment between domestic
and foreign investors.
Create the Syrian Investment Authority to implement national
investment policies and to handle certain procdures for foreign
investors.
23. United Arab Emirates
โข
โข
The Government modified the Agencies Law so
companies can break contract with nonperforming
agents.
It is also preparing a law to open more economic
sectors to foreign ownership.
Saudi Arabia
โข
โข
โข
The Government will start permitting FDI in previously
restricted sectors, such as mining, film distribution, air
transport, wholesale and retail trade, etc.
It will also start granting multiple-entry visas for
business people.
The Government will also establish industrial cluster
zones to encourage industrial investment.
24. Infrastructure
โข
โข
โข
For continued growth, ESCWA countries will need to meet the
infrastructure demands of their economies.
The private sector can be deterred from taking on an entire
infrastructure project due to the large capital investment and long
project duration.
Public-private partnerships can combine the technical expertise
and management of the private sector with the capital of the
public sector.One challenge of public-private partnerships is the
need for Governments to have the necessary level of project
oversight.
25. Strenthening the cooperation between UNCTAD
and UNESCWA on Data Collection & Sharing
โข
Data on FDI flows and the transactions of international
corporations is important
โข
Accurate and recent data help governments and organizations to
formulate FDI policies to maximize development
โข
Developing countries need help to augment their capacities in
data collecting and analysis
โข
FDI data can aid in efforts for good governance and transparency
26. Challenges to FDI Growth
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
Security concerns and political uncertainties in certain parts of
the ESCWA region will continue to affect investor confidence in
these areas.
Trade barriers and domestic regulations remain as deterrents to
increased FDI and deregulation is needed to accelerate FDI and
economic growth.
Domestic workforces need the training and skills to increase
economic efficiency and the rate of return for investors.
By developing a healthy and competitive private sector, more
local companies are open to the transfer of new knowledge and
business models from foreign investors.
A business environment favourable to entrepreneurship and
innovation is needed to foster a strong, diversified private sector
for the long term.
The Monterey Consensus underlines the importance of FDI as an agent of development,since, according to the text : it contributes towards financing sustained economic growth over the long term. Itโs espaciallyimportant for itโs potential to transfer knowledge and technology, create jobs, boost overall productivity, enhance competitiveness and, ultimately, eradicate poverty through economic growth and development. ( para 20).
The 2002 Monterrey Consunsus identifies mobilizing international ressources for development, including FDI and other private flows, as one of six leading actions or pillars in support of financing for development. The consensus sets out a number of commitments by both developing and developed countries that together acknowledge the important contribution of FDI toward financing sustained economic growth. Both domestic and international conditions are necessary to facilitate FDI flows to ESCWA region.
Progress since 2002: The substantial, broad-based increase in FDI flows to developing countries since 2002 has been an important contribution to financing development. FDI flows to the developing countries increased by 92% between 2002 and 2006, rising the record of 325 billion dollars. FDI is the single largest external source of resource flows to developing countries, including other private sources, such as portfolio equity and debt, and official sources, such as loans and grants.
FDIโs full value, however, lies in its ability to stimulate competition, spur innovation, introduce new technologies and processes, and elevate the skills of workers and managers in developing countries. FDI makes it possible to raise rates of capital accumulation in both physical and human resources. FDI projects also create new production capacity and jobs, often at higher wages.
At a global level, FDI inflows reached an estimated $ 1.5 trillion in 2007, surpassing the previous record level in 2000., with a rise in flows to all three major groups of economies- Developed countries, developing countries, andEconomies in transition. The financial and credit crisis that started in the latter half of 2007 has not substantially affected FDI inflows to developing countries thus far. In fact, between 2002 and 2007, total FDI to developing and transition economies nearly tripled, from $ 180 bilion to an estimated $ 518 bilion. Indeed, 2007 witnessed the highest level of FDI inflows to these economies to date.
The share of developing countries and econoies in transition in global FDI flows reached 37 % in the period 2004-2006 compared to 27 % in the period 2001-2003. This may suggest that FDI has trengthened its role in capital formation in host economies and in international capital flows to those regions. Indeed FDI flows accounted for 15 % of GFCF in developing countries and econoies in transition 2006, compared to 10% in the period 2001-2003. And FDI flows to those regions accounted for about half of all external private financial flows (FDI, Portflolio flows and loans) in 2006.
Before 2002, FDI inflows in ESCWA regions represented 2% in 2001 and increased to 13 % in 2006. 0,5 to 3.7 of total of the world . Since 2002, the rate of return of Escwa countries was higher than the one of developing countries and the world.
Several factors explain this upward trend in recent years. First , regulatory fameworks for FDI are becoming more relaxedin several countries of the region, particularly in srvices such as finnance, real estate and telecommunications. Second the busness climate has improded and economic growth has been robust. Third oil prices encouraged more FDI in oil-and gas related manufacturing and services in 2006.
The GCC attracted 54% of total FDI inflows to the subregion in 2006. Saudi arabia was the second largest recipient in West Asia, with inflows of $ 18 bilion, 50% more than in 2005. The United Arab Emirates was the third largest, with FDI inflows going mainly to countryโs 15 free trade zones. There were several cross-border M& deal and a noticeable increase in greenfield FDI projects in the country.
FDI inflows to the other Escwa countries amounted to $ 7,3 bilion. Inflows to Jordan doubled to $3,1 bilion, partly owing to the acquisition of Umniah Telecom and Technologies by Batelco (Bahrein). The Palestinian territories, Iraq and Lebanon attracted limited FDI due largely to geopolitical problems.
Data for 2007 show that FDI inflows declined somewhat after many years of steady increases. Most FDI inflows to the region were greenfield investments from developed countries. Major investors were from the US, the UK, France and Germany. Following behind were FDI flows from within the ESCWA region, especially from the UAE and Saudi Arabia.
Saudi Arabia, Egypt and United Arab Emirates continued to be the major FDI recipients, accounting for about three-quarters of the regional total. The most important source of FDI were the developed countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, France and Germany.
The second biggest source were intra-regional investments, meaning FDI going from one ESCWA country to another ESCWA country. In general, ESCWA intra-regional investments in 2006 went mostly to service sectors in a few countries.
Cross-border mergers & acquisitions from developed countries rose slightly from 2006 to 2007. The most significant story, however, is the 144% increase of cross-border mergers & acquisitions from developing countries. Of this increase, 29% came from within the West Asia region. It should be noted that Qatar undertook more than 99% of these intra-regional mergers & acquisitions.
At more than $170 billion in 2006, FDI flows from developing countries are growing. The ESCWA region is a latecomer and plays a relatively smaller role as an FDI sender. While developed countries like the US still attract the majority of investments from the Gulf states, regional economic integration is increasing and more investments are going to neighbouring countries. This is driven by liberalization, privatization and the growing use of Islamic financial instruments. Egypt, Tunisia(orascom), Algeria (wataniya, Orascom) and Morocco emaar) are the most attractive investment destinations in North Africa. For example, Qatar Petroleum International announced last year that it would building a $1.5-2 billion oil refinery in Tunisia (CEEMarketWatch, 16 May 2007).
Although developed countries attracted the largest portion of investment from the Gulf countries, a growing amount of FDI outflows are going to Asia and North Africa. FDI outflows from the region targeted mainly oil and gas and related industries, telecommunications, tourism and financial services. MTC, one of Kuwaitโs mobile telephone companies is expanding its presence in 14 sub-Saharan countries, investing in greenfield projects in Saudi Arabia and bidding for another licence for mobile telecom in Qatar. The National Bank of Kuwait is engaged in deals in Jordan, Qatar and Turkey. In the case of greenfield FDI, the UAE was the most active investor with 200 projects. ร=% of the outward investment were in the property/tourism and leisure industries, both within the region and in countries such as China, India, Morocco, Algeria. TNC from UAE are investing in logistical and distribution facilities in the region, and.
SA investment in the chimical, plastic and rubber industries in Australia, New Zeland and Viet Nam.
The GCC countries led by Kuwait accounted for 89% of 89% of $14 billion of west Asia,
Increased oil revenues are leading oil-rich countries GCC to diversify their holdings by investing overseas. FDI flows to major oil-exporting countries in the world increased from $2 billion in 2002 and $19 billion in 2006. For example, funds from Gulf countries have been investing in Chinese and Indian IPOs and Asian real estate. These outflows increased significnatly these last 4 years , primarly form the GCC countries in responseto the windfall revenues from oil exports during a unprecedent high world oil prices. The total outflows incresed from 3 bilion dollars in 2002 to 15 bilions dolars in 2006.
For example, Qatar awarded a $1.5 billion contract in 2007 to Singapore's Keppel Corp for a waste water facility. When it is completed, it will be the largest greenfield waste treatment and water re-use facility in Qatar and the region.
The Gulf countries seeking to diversify their production activities beyond oil-related activities have set up initiatives to attracting FDI into the manufacturing sector.
One example is the establishment of Free Trade and Industrial Zones in the United Arab Emirates.
The largest of these zones is the Jebel Ali Free Zone in Dubai Special incentives are offered to manufacturers to set up business there and 100% foreign ownership is allowed.
Many countries worldwide continue adopting meausres aimed at improving their investment climate. In 2006, UNCTAD annual survey of changes in national laws and regulations related to the operations of transnational corporations identified 184 policy changes worldwide. 80% were identified as making the host-country economy more favourable to FDI. For an example of a favourable change in 2006, Egypt reduced its basic corporate tax of 40% and industrial-activity tax of 32% to a standard corporate tax of 20%.
Most Policy measures introduced in ESCWA countries were favourable to foreign investors. Several countries continued to liberalize sectors, but generally not the extractive industries. For instance, the trends towards liberalization in financial services continued in 2006 (in Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia).
There are examples of liberalization in other industries as well. Oman, for example has allowed foreign ownership of real estate, which should encourage FDI in tourism. In the extractive industries , Qatar annouced several changes in contractual and tender conditions, which willfacilitate the process of bidding for and securing contracts managed by Qatar Petroleum. These changes, when implemented , could have a positive impact on FDI inflows, espacially in the context of Qatarโs gas initiative. Kuwaiti Government has announced plans to reduce the corporate income tax rate from 55% to 25 % in order to attract more FDI into non-oil industries. UAE drafted a new linvestment law aimed at improving its investment climate.
In order to promote local employment, the labour ministry issued a decree in june 2006 that requires all firms to replace within 18 months all expatriate secretaries and human resource managers with United Arab Emirates nationals.
FTA beetween OMAN and USA signed in 2006.
By developing the right investment environments, ESCWA countries can accelerate the rate of regional economic integration. Investors will seek the highest return, whether locally or abroad, investors from ESCWA might be convinced to increase their investments in the region.
Give examples of development of private sector in escwa countries
In recent years, many developing countries have enhanced their attractiveness as investment destinations by providing macroeconomic stability and implementing reforms aimed at fiscal discipline, debt management, privatization, protection of property rights, transparency and the reduction of distortions from administrative barriers. Bilateral investments treaties attract FDI by increasing the predectability and stability of the legal and regulatory systems.
The objectives and the challenge is not just to stimulate FDI flows, but private flows led to development.
Give examples of IPR Egypt and the reforms within ESCWA countries in 2006. BIT
Qatar
The Government is planning to introduce more competition to its telecommunications sector. Qatar's Supreme Council of Information and Communication Technology launched the licensing process for a second fixed-line phone operator.
And reportedly, the Government is considering a revision to the investment law to allow majority foreign participation in more sectors.
Syrian Arab Republic
In 2007, the Government introduced two laws to attract a greater share of FDI flows. The first law would provide equal treatment between domestic and foreign investors and permit foreign investors to own or lease land for their projects. Repatriation of profits and re-export of capital six months after import would also be allowed. The second law creates the Syrian Investment Authority to implement the Government's investment policies and to handle certain bureaucratic procdures on behalf of foreign investors.
United Arab Emirates
The Agencies Law was modified so companies can petition the Ministry of the Economy to break contract with nonperforming agents
It also intends to prepare law to open more economic sectors to foreign ownership.
Saudi Arabia
To inprove the country's skills base, the Supreme Economic Council issued a decision allowing FDI in previously closed sectors, such as mining, film distribution, air transport, satellite-transmission services and wholesale and retail trade. And in 2007, the Government decided to start granting multiple-entry visas for business people.
Also, the Ministry of Industry and Commerce intends to establish industrial cluster zones in several regions to promote industrial investment.
For continued growth, developing countries will need to meet the infrastructure demands of their economies. For example, the International Energy Agency estimates that investment needs by the electricity industry will reach $12 trillion by 2030. Oftentimes, private industry will have the technical expertise and project-management capability needed for a project. However, the large capital sums and long project durations of large infrastructure projects make it difficult for many private companies to take on an entire infrastructure project.
One example of public-private participation in an infrastructure project is Sokhna Port in Egypt. Earlier this year, DP World of Dubai acquired a controlling stake of Sokhna Port for $670 million. DP World will invest a further $1.3 billion in the expansion of the Egyptian port in the next three years. In addition, the Egyptian government will be investing five billion Egyptian pounds to increase the capacity of the port.
The objectives and the challenge for ESCWA countries is not just to stimulate FDI fows, but private flows which lead to Development. In accord with their commitments in the Monterrey Consensu, Escwa countries as the rest of developing countries have been enhancing the macroeconomic policy and mangement, engendring stability and predectibility in their investment environment, including through financial and investment sector liberalization, the promulgation of investment codes, the concluding of bilateral investment treaties, and double taxation agreements and offering significant tax and other incentives.