herbs are the only alternatives to chemicals.

1. WEST BENGAL UNIVERSITY OF ANIMAL AND
FISHERY SCIENCES
Faculty of Fishery Sciences
Submitted to:
Prof. Gadadhar Dash
Dept of A.A.H
Submitted by:
Shrija Majumder
B.F.Sc 2nd Year,
F/2021/30

2. Mechanism of some
common Indian Herbs in
fish disease prevention
A.A.H-224
An assignment on:-

3. INTRODUCTION
 Fish diseases can devastate aquariums, causing
loss of life, financial investments, and emotional
attachment.
 We have to discover the essentiality of
preventing fish diseases for maintaining healthy
aquatic ecosystems and enhancing sustainable
aquaculture practices.
 Healthy fish are vital for profitable aquaculture.

4. Limitations of Conventional Methods
Conventional methods for disease prevention, such as antibiotics
and chemicals, can have negative environmental impacts, may lead
to antibiotic resistance, and residual chemicals can persist in fish
tissue, posing risks to human health.
Antibiotics:
Potential risks to
human health, anti-
microbial resistance,
environmental
pollution.
Chemicals:
Pollution of soil and water
resources, residues in
fish tissue, and potential
toxic effects on non-target
aquatic organisms.

6. What are herbal medicine?
 Herbal medicine also called botanical medicine or
phytomedicine.
According to WHO:
 “Plant-derived materials or
products with therapeutic
benefits which contain either
raw or processed ingredients
from one or more plants.”

7. Active Ingredients
 Every Herbal medicines contain one
or multiple active ingredients. These
ingredients are mainly responsible
for their pharmaceutical effects.
 They are not considered drugs by
FDA.
 The active compounds that may
offer health benefits can also cause
adverse reactions.

8. Table of some Indian Herbs
Plant Active Ingredient Use in Fish Health
Citrus sinensis Limonin
Ocimum
sanctum
Allium sativum
Azadirachta
indica
Aloe Vera
Eugenol
Allicin
Azadiractin
Glucomannan
Acemannan
Immunostimulant, anti-
stressor, anti-bacterial
Antibacterial,
Immunostimulant
Anti-parasitic, antiviral
Antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory
Anti-bacterial, anti-
parasitic

9. Commonly
Used Indian
Herbal Plants
in
Aquaculture

10. Limonin present in this plant
stimulates the immune
function of the fish and delays
the onset of common
diseases.
Sweet Orange

12. Extracts of this plant contain
eugenol, which has potent
antibacterial and anti-
inflammatory properties to
boost immunity in fish.
Tulsi

14. Garlic extracts have been
shown to have significant
antimicrobial activity against
bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
Garlic

16. Neem
Neem has azadirachtin,
nimbolinin, nimbin, nimbidin,
nimbidol etc for controlling
various parasites and fish fry
predators during their culture in
lakes, rivers, streams.

18. Aloe vera
Aloe vera (<2%) increase
fish growth and appetite,
improve general health and
increase resistance to
physiological stressors.

20. Turmeric
Curcumin in turmeric can
stimulate fish appetite and
increase absorption of food
substances.

22. Ginger
Ginger oil improves the diet
palatability, fish growth, retention
of nutrients in the fish carcass and
attenuates the impairment caused
by excess starch in nutrient
utilization efficiency.

24. Ayapana Leaf
It is a medicinal plant. It is
traditionally used to combat
inflammation, oxidative stress
as well as to promote healing
and tissue regeneration.

26. Advantage of herbal remedies
 Easily available and technically more exposed to the
farmer.
 Do not accumulate in tissue of fishes checking
bioaccumulation and biomagnification.
 Do not effect indigenous flora and fauna of the surrounding
environment.
 Since residues are biodegrade so they causes no pollution.
 Causes no harm to the ecosystem.
 No or very less side effects.
 Cost effective.

27. Mechanism of Action
The impact of Indian herbal plants
on fish immune systems,
pathogenic microbes, and overall
fish health as follows,

28. ImmuneSystem
Indian herbal extracts
mobilize the fish's
immune system to
ensure that it is
capable of fighting
infection and toxins.

29. AntimicrobialActivity
The antimicrobial
properties of herbal
extracts inhibit the
growth of disease-
causing growth in
fish culture systems.

30. OverallFishHealth
Indian herbal extracts
are known to have a
positive effect on the
fish's growth and
metabolic rate, resulting
in a healthier fish with
increased survival rates.

31. A picture always
reinforce the concept

32. Application in Aquaculture
Successful case studies highlight
the potential benefits of
incorporating Indian herbal plants
into fish disease management
protocols.

33. Case Study 1
5000 Ltrs Tanks, 1000 Tilapia Fish
(Rearing)
Combination of Curcumin and Echinacea
Purpurea extracts reduced the
production of free radicals and pro-
inflammatory cytokines.

34. Case Study
2
2000 Ltrs Tanks, 1000 Catfish
(Breeding)
Garlic powder added to the feed
resulted in a significant reduction of
bacterial counts in the water and fish
tissue.

35. Effectiveness in Fish Disease
Prevention
Research Studies
and Findings: Explore the scientific evidence
supporting the effectiveness of
Indian herbal plants in
preventing fish diseases.

36. Examples of Successful
Application: Discover real-world
applications of Indian herbal
plants in fish disease
prevention and their positive
impact on aquaculture.

37. Future Research
Directions: Discuss the potential for
further research into Indian
herbal plants for
sustainable aquaculture
practices.

38. Practical Considerations and
Challenges
The potential use of Indian herbal
extracts in aquaculture is subject to
some practical considerations and
technical challenges that require
further exploration.

39. Standardized Extraction
Methods: Developing standardized
extraction methods to ensure
consistency in the quality of active
compounds extracted from different plant
species.
Regulatory Frameworks:
Developing regulatory frameworks for the
use of extracts in fish culture systems
with regard to safety, efficacy, and
environmental impact.
Market Issues: Ensuring the
supply chain and
commercialization of the plant
extracts.

40. Conclusion
 Indian herbal plants offer a promising
alternative for the prevention of fish
diseases in aquaculture.
 Active ingredients in Indian herbal plants
can not only boost fish health but also
promote the sustainability and profitability
of fish farming systems.
 We have to explore the possibilities for
future research on Indian herbal plants to
unlock their full potential in fish disease
prevention.

41. THANK YOU

42. References
 Plant-Derived Compounds as an
Alternative Treatment Against Parasites
in Fish Farming: A Review(2016) - Alison
Carlos Wunderlich, Érica de Oliveira
Penha Zica, Vanessa Farias dos Santos
Ayres, Anderson Cavalcante Guimarães
and Renata TakearaMay
 A guide to herbal remedies : MedlinePlus
Medical Encyclopedia .
 Wikipedia