The document provides an in-depth overview of mechanical face seals designed for harsh operating conditions, highlighting their wear and corrosion resistance tailored for demanding applications like mining and agriculture. It details the operational requirements, sealing functions, lubrication methods, and the innovative materials and designs developed by SAP Parts for optimal performance. Key features include the self-renewing sealing surfaces and specialized alloy materials to ensure durability and minimal maintenance through advanced lubrication systems.

1. Mechanical Face Seals

2. Why SAP PARTS Seals
 Corrosion Resistant.
 Higher operational life.
 Precision Lapped seals.
 No micro-fine scratches.
 Wear Re-countering Design.
 Minimum face load variations.
 Self-renewing sealing surfaces.
 Special Seal and O - Ring materials.
 Suitable for Heavy Duty Applications.

3. PageContent
1 Mechanical Face Seals............................................................................................ 2
2 Application Requirement ...................................................................................... 3
3 Sealing Function ........................................................................................................... 4
4 Lubrication ....................................................................................................................... 5
5 Seal Design ..................................................................................................................... 6
6 Special Seal Design................................................................................................... 10
7 Innovations....................................................................................................................... 11
8 Sealing System Clearance..................................................................................... 13
9 Materials ............................................................................................................................ 15
11 Mechanical Face Seal Design Input Data.................................................. 18
10
Mechanical Face Seals
© SAP PARTS India. 1
O ring ................................................................................................................................... 16

4. Mechanical Face Seals
Mechanical face Seals are designed to be employed in
most abusing working conditions, accepted worldwide
to use in extremely harsh environments under enormous
stresses, sand, dirt, mud, dust and earth material.
Sealing technology for Static and Dynamic Applications
is mainly concerned with providing sealing solutions for
machinery and applications in which conventional seals
fail or lack the necessary durability.
For Years together, SAP PARTS™ branded
Mechanical Face Seals have been used by
OEMs and Users of Seals with outstanding
success in Construction Equipments,
Transmission Drives, axles, Rollers and Argo
machineries. The Special Alloy Cast iron
materials Provided by SAP PARTS ™ are having
extraordinary capacity for wear resistance, for a
verity of demanding applications, such as mining
machinery, agriculture equipments, undercarriage
vehicles, track rollers and many other applications.
Continuous technological research in SAP PARTS™ sealing solutions guarantee our esteemed
customers a long lasting, highly durable service life and maximum productivity of equipments
using SAP PARTS™ Seals.
© SAP PARTS India.2

5. Application Requirements
© SAP PARTS India.
Machines operating in abrasive media like dirt, dust,sand, mud and stone demands extreme wear
resistance of the sealing system. A high quality comopnet sets like Bearing, wet brake discs, gears,
spindles, axles need to be perfectly protected against contamination of destructive media.
Must withstand to a Circumferencial Speed of
up to 10 m/sec
The Sealing faces must continuously lubricated
as to prevent any cold welding due to excessive
heat generated in rubbing.
Wear rate of Sealing Surfaces must be proportional
to the face load within the sealing system.
The static as well as dynamic leakage prevention
must be guaranteed.
The heat generated at sealing faces due to friction
must be despised with adequate oil flow in the
sealing system.
The pressures pipe in the application must be
handled by the sealing system.
3
Mechanical Face Seals

6. Sealing Function
The alloy cast iron seal rings are preloaded by Torric
rings or O - Rings. As a result, the axial load closes
the gap between the seal faces, which leads to the
sealing function. The relative movement in
circumferential direction is only taken place between
the seal faces.
Axial load experienced by the metal sealing faces.
Transmission of the friction torque to the housing
components.
Static sealing between each seal ring and its
housing. The seal faces of the metallic rings
are precision lapped.
The Load distribution by O rings is combinition of
various Load vectors as below -
The Seals are designed in such a way that they open
out from the seal faces towards the centre axis, forming
a cone-shaped gap which has the following benefits:
Due to capillary action in the Gap and centrifugal
force , lubricant admits easily in to the seal faces.
Potential cold welding of the seal faces is avoided
since Adequate lubrication and cooling are assured.
As wear goes on , sealing band increases and it can
virtually only end when the seal collar will completely
worn out.
This sealing system retains a continuous oil film on
the sealing surfaces.
© SAP PARTS India.4

7. © SAP PARTS India.
Lubrication
Absolute Lubrication is Most necessary for
the function of the mechanical face seal.
The use of oil lubrication considerably increases with
the field of applications and with respect to peripheral
speed. This is because of the heat description
properties of the oils. As a standard Transmission
oils, grade SAE 80 and SAE 90, found to be quite
suitable for typical face seal operation. The oil level
after flling should be between the axis center line and
2/3 of the seal diameter.................................................
When filled to the correct level, the oil will generally
is sufficient for the lifetime of the seal. The face seal
requires no additional maintenance.
Oil lubrication
When the applications are with low sliding speeds al
low as 1m/sec, grease is the right consideration as
a permanent lubrication. Seal Face Gap is vital
consideration however in this selection. The maintenance
care needs to be taken while filling grease, is that if the
gun pressures is increased chances of dislodging of
O - rings can result.
Grease lubrication
5
Mechanical Face Seals

8. Seal Design
Mechanical Face Seal
DO- Type
The DO type Mechanical Face Seal consists of two
identical metal face seals and two rubber O - rings
placed on the Ramp profile of the metal seal. The
SAP PARTS ™ Seals comes in two material versions -
Alloy cast iron and Alloy Forged Steel grades. The
O- ring material s however are of 4 types based on
the application requirements
At Seal assembly the o-rings are compressed
between the tapered contact surfaces of the
seal ring and housing. The o-rings undergo a
calculated compression as per SAP PARTS ™
standards it is around 25% volumetric compression,
which is critical for proper operation of the sealing
system Also the overall system Cleanliness of the
o-rings and housing free of oil and dirt is of primary
importance. Lubrication of the o-rings with oil or
grease is not permitted during the installation process
There are most comman Two Types of Mechanical Faces Seals. That is with O Ring ( DO Type)
and with Trapezoidal Torric Rings (DF Type) .
© SAP PARTS India.6

9. Design - DO Type
© SAP PARTS India.
Installed condition
retaining lip
seal face
Housing Bore
gripping taper
shoulder
seal ring
deformed
o-ring
O-RING
A
B
SEAL RINGS WITH O-RING
TI
seal face
land
land surface
gripping taper
seal face taper
throat radius
retaining lip
HOUSING BORE
A
R3
T1
T2
T3
R1
R2
T4
0D5
0D3
0D4
0D1
0D2
7
Mechanical Face Seals

10. Seal Design
Mechanical Face Seal
DF- Type
The Mechanical Face Seal of DF Type consists of
two metallic angular seal rings with identical
geometrical profiles. The seal rings are assembled
with trapezoid rubber rings which are placed in the
particular housing bore. The geometry of the housing
profile is comparatively easier to produce and the
seal installation does not require an installation tool.
As compared to the DO type Mechanical face seals,
the resilience of the trapezoid rubber ring is normally
stiffer. This limits the permitted axial movement and
tolerance.
Historically a numerous mechanical face seal designs
were developed based the verity of application needs.
SAP has few unique designs extremely suitable for
demanding applications and adverse operating
condition. The Design of one of the seal in the group
is Inverted wrt to the other seal. This provides
considerable advantage of manufacturing process
of the sealing system mating components.
© SAP PARTS India.8

11. Housing bore
A
Rz 25-40
t2
t1
t3
RS
Řd
Řdf
β
Installed condition
seal face
bore Ø
shoulder
deformed
belleville washer
seal ring
Trapezoid ring
bŘd1
h
Seal rings with trapezoid ring
seal face
land
land surface
seal face taper
ŘDa
ŘDi
H
Designs - DF Type
© SAP PARTS India. 9
Mechanical Face Seals

12. Special Seal Design
SAP PARTS not only offers “off-the-shelf” designs –
its engineering team is also available to work with your
engineers to design ‘non-standard’ metal face seals.
Whether developing a new seal size or type to fit your
application, or utilizing a new metal seal or O-Ring
material, SAP PARTS engineers have the experience
necessary to design, procure and test these concepts
and follow them to production.
© SAP PARTS India.10

13. © SAP PARTS India.
Innovations
At SAP Parts, we continuously effort to pioneer
developments that create competitive advantage
with our parts. Our innovation plan and actions
are in close collaboration with our suppliers,
customers and human resources in order to meet
the variable needs of customers, from time to time.
Innovation is the USP of SAP Parts. Moreover it is
our core value and we intend to proactively employee
innovative thinking culture in all our opertions.
The Sealing Solutions Delivered by SAP Parts Involves
ahigh end research and patented technology warranting
the highest performance and application sustainability
of Mechanical Face Seals at -
Max 10 M/s Surface speed.
Most Severe Environmental Situations.
11
Mechanical Face Seals

14. BEARING
CAVITY
PRESSURE
SAP Parts Seals Come with most advance and
innovative anti corrosive surface treatment
called CED. CED is an Extremely high corrosion
protection. A 20 micron dry film of coating
thickness can withstand as much as 1000
hours salt spray test ASTM B117.Able to coat
complex shapes with a very high degree of
accuracy and repeatability. This is an environment
friendly, Water - based technology eliminates
risk of fire and reduces air and water pollution.
© SAP PARTS India.12
Technological Developments
 Seal Design for Differential Load applications.
Model for Contact Surface Wear Life Prediction.
Elastomeric Variable Load Stress Relaxation Modeling.
Innovative Surface Treatments for Demanding Applications.
 Functional Conformance of Metallurgical Properties of Ni-Hard
Cast Alloys & Sealing Surface Asperities in Abrasive Environment.
Finite Element Model Details
Axial constraint (Y-direction)
Representative
Insertion tool
Innovations
TIME = 5
UX (AVG)
RSYS = 0
PowerGraphics
EFACET = 1
AVRES = Mat
DMX = 10. 406
SMN = 3. 3936
SMX = 2. 72519
-3. 3936
-2. 71374
-2. 03387
-1. 354
- .674138
. 005728
. 685595
1. 36546
2. 04533
2. 72519

15. © SAP PARTS India.
O - Ring Cross
Section d1
d1 < 8.0
8 < d1 < 12.7
d1 > 12.7
Gap 'S'
4
5
6
Ra < 6.5 μm
Rz < 10.0 μm
Rmax < 16.0 μm
The axial gap "S"in the housing is vital, and is such
that it meets the demands of the construction
equipments and off highway Vehicle industry. For
high sliding speeds it may be necessary to reduce
the axial compression, thus reducing the load of
the seal faces and the heat generation in the seal
face. This is achieved by increasing the axial gap ''S".
The following gaps are possible, depending on the
O-Ring cross section.
SAP Parts recommend that tests be carried out to find
the most appropriate setting. Since the O-Ring is
always oversized to the housing, the edges of the
housing must be rounded. Surfaces Under pressure,
elastomers adapt themselves to irregular surfaces.
However, for liquid-tight conditions, certain minimum
requirements have to be made on the surface finish
of the faces to be sealed. Scores, scratches, pores
and concentric or spiral machining scores are not
permissible. For the surface of the seal installation
chamber we recommend a machining quality of
Mechanical Face Seals.
Installed condition
retaining lip
seal face
Housing Bore
gripping taper
shoulder
seal ring
deformed
o-ring
TM
13
Sealing System Clearance
Mechanical Face Seals

16. X
Y Z
Contact Forces, Contact Surface & Torque Capability
Load v/s Circumferential Speed Characteristics
Linear Speed [ m/s]
0
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
1)
350
400
450
500
25 50 75 100 125 N=150 N=200 N=300 N=400
N=500
N=750
N=1000
N=2000
N=4000
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
SealOutsideDiam[mm]
Ask for Seal Housing Gap “S’’
N is RPM
© SAP PARTS India.14

17. © SAP PARTS India.
Materials
Material
Chemical
Composition
c
Si
Ni
Cr
Mo
Co
V
W
P
s
Microstructure
Hardness
SAE-52100
Forged Steel
0.93 - 1.05
0.15 - 0.35
0.25 Max
1.35 - 1.60
0.10 Max
-
-
-
0.025 Max
0.015 Max
Fine
Tempered
Martensite
59 - 65 HRc
FC15CR3MO
( ASTM-A
531-ll Class
B) Cast Iron
3.2 - 3.6
1.1 - 1.6
1 - 2.0
14 - 16
2.0 - 4.0
0.2 max
0.2 Max
0.2 max
-
-
Cementite
Microstructure
64 - 75 HRc
Ni-Hard
Cast Iron
3.0 - 3.6
0.4 - 0.7
3.5 -4.3
1.2 - 1.7
0.4 Max
-
0.3 -0.6
-
0.3 Max
0.1 Max
Eutectic Carbide
M7C3 in the
Matrix of
Martensite
57 - 64 HRc
SAE-52100
FC15CR3MO
Ni-Hard
Magnification
To address the main potential failure threats of a sealing
system it is needed, the Wear and corrosion resistance
to be adequate in the material of a seal ring. Specifically
for mining machines, agriculture machinery. SAP Seals
uses Alloy Steels of various Grades, following various
Manufacturing Processes like Forging, and Investment
Casting etc. Most preferably used are the forged Alloy
Steel of Grade SAE:52100 also called as Bearing steel
and Special Alloy Steel Castings, detail Specifications
of these Seal Ring materials are as below:"
Seal Ring Materials
SAP PARTS ™ offers different coatings which provide
a considerable good sealing solutions for harsh
environmental conditions, and enhanced corrosion
resistance for demanding environments and
applications.If any special requirements SAP PARTS™
provides customized solutions on coating for which a
contact to the SAP PARTS™ Engineering is needed
15
Mechanical Face Seals

18. Nitrile
-25
100
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Low
LT Nitrile
-50
105
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Excellent
Low
Viton
-10
190
Good
Good
Fair
Excellent
High
HNBR
-40
135
Excellent
Good
Excellent
Excellent
High
Silicone
-60
165
Poor
Poor
Excellent
Poor
Medium
Service Temp (-) C
Service Temp (+) C
Abrasion Resistance
Tear Resistance
Water Resistance
Oil Resistance
Cost
O Rings
SAP PARTS ™ uses several materials for its Torric
rings are available to meet a variety of application
requirements. The most common materials are
nitrile (NBR) and silicone. Viton and highly saturated
nitrile (HNBR) are available for more specialized
applications. The table listed below gives a brief
comparison between available O- ring options
The elastomers of various hardness are served
depending upon the application requirements.
Below is the comman materials and their applicability
wrt service temperature conditions for reference.
Elastomer properties for O/T -Ring selection
© SAP PARTS India.16

19. O-Ring Deformation
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP = 5
SUB = 20
TIME = 5
CONTPRES (AVG )
DMX = 5.08001
SMX = 1.89639
0
.21071
.421419
.632129
.842838
1.05355
1.26426
1.47497
1.68568
1.89639
X
Y Z
NODAL SOLUTION
STEP = 5
SUB = 20
TIME = 5
UY
RSYS = 0
DMX = 5.08001
SMN = -.533E-05
SMX = 5.08001
-.56444
1.12889
1. 69333
2.25778
2.82222
3.38667
3.95111
4.51556
5.08001X
Y Z
© SAP PARTS India. 17
Mechanical Face Seals

20. Mechanical Face Seal Design Input Data Form
Contact Information Seal Housing Groove Parameters
Company Name :...........................................................................
Date: ..............................................................................................
Contact Person's Name: ...............................................................
Email ID: ........................................................................................
Phone No.1: ....................................................................................
Phone No.2: ...................................................................................
S Housing Flange Gap
D Groove Diameter - Max
D1 Groove Corner Diameter
D2 Housing Inside Diameter
a Ramp Angle
r Groove Radius
L4 Distance of Groove from Face
h Seal Group Width
Do Outer Diameter of Seal
DI Inner Diameter of Seal
Horizontal VerticalHousing Position
Material / grade
Hardness
Surface Finish
Dynamic Run Out
Offset
Motion - Direction of Rotation
Clockwise Counter- Clockwise Both
Normal RPM Max RPM
Assembly
Removal Frequency
Rare Offten
Space Restrictionss Yes No
If Yes - Extenet of Ristriction
Operating Temperature
Oil Sump
Environment Max Min
Contamination
Partical Type
% Exposed
% Submerged
Application Load
Extent in Kg/Cm2
Fluid / Lubrication
Grade
Viscosity
Sump Level
Application Description
Type Axial Radial
Oil Grease
© SAP PARTS India.

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specifically disclaims all , express or implied, including without limitation the warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement with respect to this
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SAP Parts
Works: Plot No.85. B.U.Bhandari Indl. Estate,
Off Nagar Road, Sanaswadi, Tal - Shirur,
Dist. PUNE –412208, Maharashtra. INDIA
Phone: +91 2137-619269 / 619271 / 619272
E-mail: sales@sapparts.com
Cell: +91 9225546956 , +91 9561562957
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