Stealth technology aims to make objects invisible to radar detection. It involves shaping vehicles to deflect radar signals and coating them with radar-absorbing materials. Key stealth aircraft include the F-117 Nighthawk, B-2 Spirit, F-22 Raptor, and F-35 Lightning II. India is developing stealth capabilities through programs like the HAL Light Combat Helicopter, Sukhoi T-50, DRDO AURA unmanned bomber, and the future HAL AMCA stealth fighter. Further advances may involve hypersonic flight, infrared cloaking, and plasma stealth technologies.

1. Welcome

2. STEALTH
TECHNOLOGY
Presented
By
M e c h a n i c a l A s p e c t s I n

3. M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

4.  Stealth is a technique in which we can make any object partially invisible.
 Stealth is an important technology which used in military operations.
 Stealth technology also known as LO Technology (Low Observable Technology).
INTRODUCTION
What is Stealth Technology ?
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

5. HISTORY
The first “Stealth" aircraft have been developed in Germany during
the last years of World War- II.
This technique has also used in ships.
Later Americans worked on stealth technology and succeeded.
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6.  The F-117A Nighthawk Stealth Fighter, a single seat, twin engine
aircraft developed by Lockheed Martin, was the first aircraft designed
to exploit low-observable stealth technology.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

7. RADAR
 RADAR is the acronym for Radio Detection And Ranging
 Radar is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range,
altitude, direction, or speed of objects
 Radar is something that is in use all around us, although it (radio waves) is normally
invisible.
 Air Traffic Control uses radar to track planes both on the ground and in the air, and
also to guide planes for smooth landings.
 NASA uses radar to map the Earth and other planets, to track satellites and space
debris and to help with things like docking and manoeuvring.
 The military uses it to detect the enemy and to guide weapons.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

8.  When people use radar, they are usually trying to accomplish one or all of the
following three things:
a. Detect the presence of an object situated at some distance
b. Detect the speed of an object
c. To map or locate something
 All three of these objectives can be accomplished using:
 ECHO
 DOPPLER SHIFT
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9. ECHO
• Echo is something you experience all the time. If you shout into
a well or a canyon, the echo comes back a moment later.
• The echo occurs because some of the sound waves in your
shout reflect off of a surface (either the water or canyon wall)
and travel back to your ears.
• The length of time between the moment you shout and the
moment that you hear the echo is determined by the distance
between you and the surface that creates the echo.
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10. DOPPLER SHIFT
 Doppler shift occurs when sound is generated by, or reflected off of, a moving object.
 Let's say there is a car coming toward you at 60 miles per hour (mph) and its horn is blaring.
 You will hear the horn playing one "note" as the car approaches, but when the car passes you the
sound of the horn will suddenly shift to a lower note.
 It's the same horn making the same sound the whole time. The change you hear is caused by
Doppler shift.
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11. HOW RADAR WORKS??
• The radar dish or antenna transmits
pulses of radio waves or microwaves
that bounce off any object in their path.
• The object returns a tiny part of the
wave's energy to a dish or antenna
that is usually located at the same site
as the transmitter.
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12. M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

13. HOW TO MAKE THINGS INVISIBLE ?
The goal of stealth technology is to make an airplane invisible
to radar. There are two different ways to create invisibility:
 The airplane can be Shaped (Design) so that any radar signals it reflects
are reflected away from the radar equipment.
 The airplane can be covered in Materials that absorb radar signals
(also called as Radar Absorbing Materials “RAM”).
Apart from these things, the manufacturer should also
consider the following……….
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

14. Infrared detection.
Visual detection.
Acoustic detection.
Radar detection.
Reduction in these detection is the principle of stealth
technology.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

15. RADAR CROSS-SECTION REDUCTIONS
Almost since the invention of radar, various techniques have been
tried to minimize detection.
Some of the techniques used for this purpose are:
1. Vehicle Shape & Design, and
2. Radar Absorbing Material (RAM)
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

16. Most conventional aircraft have a rounded shape.
This shape makes them aerodynamic, but it also
creates a very efficient radar reflector. The round
shape means that no matter where the radar signal
hits the plane, some of the signal gets reflected back.
A stealth aircraft, on the other hand, is
made up of completely flat surfaces and
very sharp edges. When a radar signal hits
a stealth plane, the signal reflects away at
an angle, like this:
Difference Between Conventional &
Stealth Aircraft Design
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17. STEALTH VECHICLE SHAPES & DESIGN
 It should be coated with the Radar Absorbing Materials.
 It’s tail should kept an ACUTE angle.
 Planes wings has to kept at Angle.
 Design of Nose.
 Stealth aircraft must bury the Engines within the wing or fuselage.
 A corner reflector is a retro reflector consisting of three
mutually perpendicular, intersecting flat surfaces, which
reflects electromagnetic waves back towards the source.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

18. What is Radar Absorbing Materials (“RAM”)?
√ RAM is a class of materials used in stealth technology to disguise
vehicle or structure from radar detection.
√ RAM reduces the radar cross section making the object appear
smaller.
√ These materials are both very heavy and very costly, two key
limitations to their adoption for many applications.
√ Materials
 Carbon fiber composites
 Magnetic Ferrite-based substance
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19. The material that is used to paint the
stealth can be made of special
materials like carbon powder in the
glue or silicon based inorganic
compound that would the waves that
fall on the plane.
Dielectric materials are used as they
are transparent to radar waves.
Composites of ferrites are used to
optimize dielectric and magnetic
properties
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

20. REDUCING INFRARED SIGNATURE
 Infrared radiation are emitted by all matter
above absolute zero temperature.
 Hot materials, such as engine exhaust
gasses or wing surfaces heated by friction
with the air, emit more infrared radiations
than cooler material.
 Embedding jet engines inside the wings is
one basic design step towards infrared
stealth.
 Other measures include extra shielding of
hotter parts, mixing of cooler air with hot
exhausts before emission etc.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

21. REDUCING ACOUSTIC SIGNATURE
The engines of the stealth planes should be designed
such that the noise emitted by them is minimum.
Engines should be placed deep inside the plane.
Slow turning propellers were used to minimize the noise
in earlier designs to avoid detection by enemy troops.
Incorporating acoustic-stealth measures, including
sound-absorbent linings inside its engine intake and
exhaust cowlings.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

22. LIMITATIONS OF STEALTH
1. Instability of design
2. Aerodynamic limitations
3. Reduced payload
4. Cost of maintenance
5. Sensitive skin
6. Cost of operations
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

23. ADVANTAGES OF STEALTH
1. Reduce the casualty rate during the war.
2. Develop the military secretes.
3. Bluff the anti-detective device .
4.Lesser number of stealth aircrafts required.
5. We can perform spy mission.
6. Can be used in Civil aviation.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

24. STEALTH HELICOPTER
 Newest addition in stealth technology.
 Designs for blades have emerged that can significantly reduce noise.
 Used for raid on the compound of Osama bin Laden on May 2, 2011.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

25. NORTHROP GRUMMAN
B-2 SPIRIT
Particular Strategic Stealth Bomber
National origin U.S.A
Manufacturer Northrop Grumman
Corporation
First flight 17 July 1989
Introduction April 1997
Status In service
Primary user United states air force
Produced 1988-2000
Number built 21
Unit cost $737 million
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26. B 2 SPIRIT
 Max speed= Mach 0.95
 Range = 11,100 km
Service Ceiling= 15,200 km
Thrust/Weight = 0.205
National origin : U.S.A
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

27. LOCKHEED MARTIN F
22 RAPTOR
Role Stealth air superiority
fighter
National origin U.S.A
Manufacturer Lockheed Martin
First flight 7 Sep. 1997
Introduction 15 Dec. 2005
Status In service
Primary user U.S air force
Produced 1996-2011
Number built 195
Unit cost $150 million
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

28. F 22 RAPTOR
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

29. F-35
LIGHTNING II
Role Stealth multirole fighter
National origin U.S.A
Manufacturer Lockheed Martin
First flight 15 DEC 2006
Introduction Dec 2015
Status In initial production and testing,
used for training by U.S
Primary users U.S air force
Produced 2006- present
Number built 100 as of 2013
Unit cost $252.3 million
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30. INDIA’S STEP TOWARDS STEALTH
HAL : LIGHT COMBAT HELICOPTER (LCH)
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

31. HAL LIGHT COMBAT HELICOPTER
Role Attack helicopter
National origin India
Manufacturer Hindustan Aeronautics
Limited
First flight 29 march 2010
Status Development trials
Primary users Indian Army
Indian Air Force
Produced 2010-present
Number built 3
Unit cost $17.48 million
General characteristics
• Crew: 2
• Length: 15.8 m
• Rotor diameter: 13.3 m
• Height: 4.7 m
• Disc area: 138.9 m²
• Max. take off weight: 5,800 kg
• Power plant : 2 × HAL/Turbo meca
Shakti turbo shaft, 1,067 kw each
• Never exceed speed: 330 km/h (178
knots, 207 mph)
• Maximum speed: 268 km/h (145 knots,
167 mph)
• Range: 700 km (297 nmi, 342 mi)
• Service ceiling: 6,500 m (21,300 ft)
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

32. SUKHOI T-50 STEALTH FIGHTER
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

33. FUTURE INDIAN STEALTH AIRCRAFTS
DRDO-AURA
 AURA (Autonomous Unmanned Research Aircraft)
 Role -Unmanned Stealth Bomber
 Manufacturer- DRDO
 Designer- DRDO
 First flight- 2015
 Introduction -2019-2020
 Status -Under Development
 Primary user- Indian Air Force
Indian Navy
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

34. FUTURE INDIAN STEALTH AIRCRAFTS
HAL AMCA
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

35. HAL AMCA
Advanced Medium Combat Aircraft
 Role -Stealth multirole fighter
 Manufacturer-
Hindustan Aeronautics Limited
 Designer –
Aeronautical Development Agency
DRDO
 First flight- Early 2020s
 Status- Under development
 Primary users - Indian Air Force
Indian Navy
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

36. FUTURE SCOPE
Hypersonic- the idea is to travel with M>5 to avoid detection.
The infrared Invisibility Cloak: Shield one’s body heat from infrared
sensors, effectively making them invisible to infrared cameras.
Plasma Stealth Technology: Also knows as Active Stealth
Technology Uses plasma to reduce the overall radar cross section of an
aircraft.
TARANIS: A semi autonomous unmanned war plane designed to fly
intercontinental missions. It will carry a variety of weapons enabling it
to attack both aerial and ground targets.
To be incorporated not only in fighters and bombers but also in ships,
helicopters, tanks and transport planes.
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

37. CONCLUSION
• Undoubtedly, Stealth technology is the Future of
Military Combat and at Present is one of the best
technology to make things invisible as far as possible.
• But, the main problem with stealth is its very high
cost and because of this, not all nations can adopt
this technology.
• So we need to find ways to reduce cost or adopt a
different technology with Stealth like characteristics
and at low cost (Nano technology).
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A

38. REFERENCES
 Book on Stealth technology-the art of black magic by J.JONES
 Book on Stealth aircraft by BILL SWEETMAN
• Future Flight: The Next Generation of Aircraft Technology, William D. Siuru , Jhon D. Busick, Published
1933 McGrew-Hill Professional, 194 pages, ISBN 0830643761
• Have Blue and the F-117A: Evolution of “Stealth Fighter”, By David C. Aronstein, Albert C Piccirillo,
Published 1997 American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 305 pages, ISBN 1563472457
• Stealth technology: The Art of Back Magic, By J. Jones, Matt Thunder
• http://www.geocities.com/Area51/Shadowlands/6583/projects.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stealth_aitcraft
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-117_Nighthawk
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39. ANY QUERIES
???
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40. THANK YOU
M echan ical A s pect s i n S t eal t h Designed & Prepared by___ B I P I N K U M A R J H A