A brief overview of the 'what', 'why' and 'how' around measuring cosmological objects using gravitational lensing.
Intermediate-level understanding of cosmological concepts is recommended.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
CA 10.01 Discovery of CMB (Cosmic Microwave Background)Stephen Kwong
Discovery of Cosmic Microwave Background by Arno Penzias and Robert Wilson in the 1960s. Found to be the relic radiation from the beginning of the Universe. One of the greatest discovery in science history so far.
Astrophysics & Cosmology Masterclass November 2021Peter Coles
Slides used during a Science Week event at Maynooth University on 12th November 2021. These are the slides for the Cosmology part of the event which was run by Peter Coles and John Regan of the Department of Theoretical Physics at Maynooth University.
Hello guys, this ppt contains my project work on photometric analysis of Supernova 2008gj..with collaborators Ms. Komal Kabara and Manikandan K........Take a look.......looking forward for your suggestions...
Other Solar Systems and Life in the UniverseArjel Diongson
The presentation features the history of exoplanets, its proponents/discoverers and its recent studies and developments. Videos may not be available for PCs which does not support video clip formats..
Brighton Astro - Neutron Star PresentationGareth Jenkins
Presentation from 28th March 2017 to Brighton Astro group. Slideshare removes embedded videos, so two in here are the following:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-P5IFTqB98&t=18s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhOVDDiSvMM
Astrophysics & Cosmology Masterclass November 2021Peter Coles
Slides used during a Science Week event at Maynooth University on 12th November 2021. These are the slides for the Cosmology part of the event which was run by Peter Coles and John Regan of the Department of Theoretical Physics at Maynooth University.
Hello guys, this ppt contains my project work on photometric analysis of Supernova 2008gj..with collaborators Ms. Komal Kabara and Manikandan K........Take a look.......looking forward for your suggestions...
Other Solar Systems and Life in the UniverseArjel Diongson
The presentation features the history of exoplanets, its proponents/discoverers and its recent studies and developments. Videos may not be available for PCs which does not support video clip formats..
Brighton Astro - Neutron Star PresentationGareth Jenkins
Presentation from 28th March 2017 to Brighton Astro group. Slideshare removes embedded videos, so two in here are the following:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e-P5IFTqB98&t=18s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NhOVDDiSvMM
This introduction depicts what would you be able to do with an oscillating multi-tool proficiently. There are many works of oscillating instrument that will be talked about here.
To know more about oscillating tool, visit https://www.oscillatingguide.com
Learn how sound, vibrations, and waves all relate to each other by using simple physics equations. Included GIFs to understand the physical representation of each concept.
This presentation will help you explore science more clearly and in a more precise manner.
I will suggest all of you to please view this presentation to enrich your knowledge of Black hole, and more about the Universe.
This presentation contains all the necessary details ranging from the history to the end of a universe.
and I want to introduce myself, my name is Harsh Singhal and my website name is www.sk4265singhal.wix.com/universe.
THANK YOU
This presentation will take you on a tour of universe where you will learn a lot about black holes, planets, Stephen Hawking, Roger Penrose and many more.
This is not just a presentation, it is like a book full of knowledge about Black holes.
And I want to introduce myself, my name is Harsh Singhal And my website name is www.sk4265singhal.wix.com/universe.
And this presentation is enriched with knowlege.
The universe: why does it exist? Why is there something rather than nothing? Where and why did structure arise: galaxies, and clusters of galaxies. This slide show is a full history of enquiry into how structure arises in the universe. It goes from Plato and Aristotle to the Nobel Prize in Physics 2011. The title Heart of Darkness refers to a book that has the full story: Heart of Darkness, by Jeremiah P Ostriker and Simon Mitton, ISBN 978 0691134307
Education Material about Astronomy Presentation Template
If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
Education Material about Astronomy Presentation Template
If you want to buy this presentation template, please visit http://madlis.com
Good design gets out of the way of the content you are sharing. It helps your audience focus on the content itself instead of the design.
But, it's no secret that most people dislike giving presentations. The dread of public speaking consistently ranks among the greatest fears in public surveys.
This presentation slides can help you reduce the anxiety involved with giving a presentation. Well-designed slides not only build your own confidence, they make your key points clearer to the audience.
Speakers: Volkan Yazici & Ivan Budincevic
Genre & level: Way of working, Junior
What if we told you that as humanity we have been blind all these centuries and it is the first time in history we are really about to open our eyes to the universe? Ever since mankind started wondering about the universe, we used the same tool to investigate it: light. However, in 2017, the Nobel prize in physics was awarded to scientists which gave humanity a completely new tool for studying the universe: gravitational waves. Even though these waves were first predicted back in 1905 by Henri Poincare and subsequently by Albert Einstein in 1916, it took a century to finally detect and conduct experiments proving the existence of such waves. In this talk, we will introduce you to gravitational waves in a simple and fun way. Our goal is to try and get you as excited as we are about this revolutionary new tool for studying the universe.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
2. Overview
I. Introduction
II. Galaxy Clusters
III. Methods to Measure Mass
IV. History: Soldner, Einstein, Zwicky
V. How Gravitational Lensing Works
VI. References
3. Galaxy Clusters
• Biggest gravitationally-collapsed objects
• Contain between 50 and 1000 galaxies
• Typical diameter of 2-10 Mpc
• Typical masses of 1014 to 1015
• Velocity distributions between 800-1000
km/s
4. Methods to Measure Mass
Stellar Light
Velocity Dispersion
X-Ray emission from Bresstrahlung
mechanism
Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect
Weak gravitational Lensing
5. History
1804 – Johann Soldner suggests light interacting gravitationally with
massive object.
1911 – Albert Einstein does work on light beam deflection due to
gravitational interactions.
1914 – Einstein’s predictions are wrong but are never measured due
to the start of WWI.
1919 – Arthur Eddington confirms Einstein’s findings on General
Relativity
1924 – Chwolson observes a ‘double star’
1936 – Einstein publishes paper on gravitational lensings and
‘Einstein-Rings’
1937 – Fritz Zwicky suggests using lensing to study galaxies.
1960’s – Quasar discovery strengthens gravitational lensing as a
legitimate discovery method.
6. How Gravitational Lensing
Works
Bending of light rays
by a very large
mass/energy
distribution
• Source: Where the light
beams comes from
• Lens: Dense region that
deflects the light beams
• Observer: Who sees lensing
• Image: The object that the
observer sees
7. Types of Gravitational Lensing
Strong Lensing: Einstein-Ring, Einstein
Crosses, Multiple Images
Weak Lensing: Galaxy Clusters, Useful
for measuring mass, Large-Scale
Universe
Microlensing: Source appears
brighter, extrasolar planets
8. Mass Measurement Using
Gravitational Lensing
Weak gravitational lensing
gives us statistical information
about galaxy clusters that we
can use to determine mass-
related properties.
