This document outlines policies and alternatives for managing solid waste in Hong Kong. It presents the current policies of landfilling and collection points. It discusses the pros and cons of incineration, including creating fuel but also air pollution. Solutions proposed include energy generation, regulations, and air pollution controls. Policies in Singapore, Taipei, and San Francisco are compared, noting their emphasis on reduction and recycling over landfilling. Alternatives discussed are waste charging, legislation, composting, and bartering to encourage reuse.

1. ME1D01
Engineering and Environmental
Management
Case study presentation
12119472D IP Ka Yan Alberta
13085288D Choi Wing Lam
12101937D Yuen Hoi Ying Winnie

2. Outline
1) Present manipulate solid waste (MSW) treatment
2) Pros and Cons of the policies
3) Solution in developing the incineration program
4) Comparison and Contrast of MSW policies
5) Alternative treatment
6) Conclusion

3. Present Policies
isposed in landfill(52%)
est New Territories
Landfill at Tuen Mun
orth East New Territories
Landfill at Ta Kwu Ling
outh East New Territories
Landfill at Tseung Kwan O
Source from: http://www.cleanbiz.asia/image/hong-
kong-landfill

4. Present Policies
ollection points are located in stores and
railway stations
echargeable batteries
aste of Electrical and Electronic
quipment (WEEE)
aper, aluminum and plastic bottle
ong Kong Awards for Environment
Excellent(HKAEE) Source from:
http://www.hkaee.org.hk/eindex.html,
https://www.wastereduction.gov.hk/chi/workplace/rechargebattery_detail.htm,
http://edwinor.blogspot.hk/2011/06/blog-post_17.html

5. Present Policies
he Programme on Source
Separation of Domestic
Waste(2005)
ake it more convenient for
residents to separate waste
at source
rovide waste separation
facilities on each building
floor
Source from:
http://www.gov.hk/en/residents/environment/waste/wa
steredrecyc.htm

6. Advantages of incineration
Create jet fuel
-using heat to generate
electricity
-combining components
Environmentally
Friendly
-comparing with land fill
only Source from:
http://www.solarfeeds.com/jetfuel-will-
replace-petroleum/

7. Disadvantages of incineration
Costly
-HK$8 billion
Air Pollution
-fly ash contains over 98% of
dioxins produced
-at least 300 tonnes of toxic
ash per day
Source from:
http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-
warming/pollution-overview/

8. Disadvantages of incineration
Damage wildlife and
fisheries
-snake, lizard and butterfly
live there
Higher rates of infant
moralities
-related to air pollution
Toxins escaping into
coastal waters over time Source from:
http://www.edp24.co.uk/polopoly_fs/ib_1_proposed_incinerato
r_site_king_s_lynn_saddlebow_1_2210295!
image/1631260836.jpg_gen/derivatives/landscape_630/1631260
836.jpg

9. Solutions in development
 Cost issue: energy generation
e.g. electricity
- Netherlands supply 5% of the country’s energy
requirements
- Germany provide 5-10% of current demands
- Japan provide free hot water, free use of swimming pools,
etc. (Hester, 1994)
 Regulation on emission
(CAA in USA )
- Monitoring
- Government enforcement

10. Solutions in development
 Air pollution control equipment
- particulates, gases (EPA, 2005)
 pre-process before incinerate (Sutco, 2010)
Source from:
http://www.sutco.de/fileadmin/datenblaetter/Anlageblaet
ter_VSA_ENGL_02SEP2010.pdf

11. Compare and Contrast
Hong Kong
- 3 active landfills – expected to be saturated by 2018
- 300 active waste collectors, 30 involved in waste recycling
and reprocessing operations
(Liu, 2012)
Singapore
- 4 incinerator, 2 are Waste-to-energy incineration
- Offshore sanitary landfill
- Packaging Agreement
- Uniform fee for waste collection
(NEA, 2014)

12. Compare and Contrast
Taipei
- 3 incinerators
- 1 sanitary landfill
- Trash Per-bag Fee Collection policy
- Recycling kitchen waste
(Department of Environmental Protection, 2014), (Liu, 2012)
Source from: http://www.no-burn.org/community-action-propels-the-taiwanese-government-towards-zero-waste

13. Compare and Contrast
San Francisco, USA
-Mandatory Recycling and Composting Ordinance
-Waste related ordinances
- Green Building Ordinance
- Construction and Demolition Debris Recovery Ordinance
- Food Service Waste Reduction Ordinance
- Plastic Bag Reduction Ordinance
(San Francisco Department of the Environment, 2014)

14. Compare and Contrast
Hong Kong
- Ways for waste disposal
- Lack initiative in source reduction
Other countries
- Source reduction
- Recycling and composting

15. Alternatives
• MSW charging policy
- Polluter-pays principle
- Example: Taiwan
Reduced waste disposal by 60% over 5-6 years
• Hong Kong: consulting but some objection…
Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
Source from:
http://d2watasia.pixnet.net/blog/post/23454301-%E5%8F
%B0%E5%8C
%97%E5%B8%82%E5%B0%88%E7%94%A8%E5%9E
%83%E5%9C%BE%E8%A2%8B%E4%B9%8B%E6%9C%9F
%E8%A8%B1%E8%88%87%E6%AA%A2%E8%A8%8E

16. Alternatives
• Legislation on package of products
- Neighbourhood and Workers Services Centre
- packaging waste from the manufacturers
Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
Europe
AmericaSource from: http://www.nwsc.org.hk/content.php?id=203

17. Alternatives Waste Prevention
(Source Reduction)
A laundry detergent flexible pouch weighs 85 percent less
than a plastic bottle. The amount of packaging is 84 percent
less.
Source from:
http://www.flexpack.org/public/source_reduction_examples.asp

18. Alternatives Reuse and Recycle
• Barter
- system of exchange by which goods or services are directly
exchanged for other goods or services without using a
medium of exchange, such as money. (O'Sullivan, Arthur;
Steven M. Sheffrin, 2003)

19. Alternatives Reuse and Recycle
Source from: http://www.fringebacker.com/zh-tw/blog/JupYeah_VeryHK/
Potential barter websites: Tradeduck.com, JUPYEAH 執嘢

20. Alternatives Reuse and Recycle
• Provide subsidies or sites for holding a barter fair
(incur expenditure but without any revenue if free
entry)
• Cooperate with NGO or barter websites to hold the
official barter fair annually
 encourage people reuse the things that needed
 cultivate the reusing habit or trend

21. Alternatives Composting
• Redeveloping farming industry
- over 80% of agricultural land are abandoned
(~3,800 hectares (Yiu, 2014))
- food residues recycling center
- produce organic fertilizers for farming
 raise the agricultural self-sufficiency rate

22. Conclusion
Source from: http://www.deq.mt.gov/Recycle/WR-Consumer-
Spending_New.mcpx
Level of difficulty Level of favor

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