PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

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PERSONAL
PROTECTIVE
EQUIPMENTS
MODULE 2
SESSION 1

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PERSONAL PROTECTION IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT
• The primary safety approach is to eliminate or control
hazards using engineering methods—such as design change, substitution,
ventilation, mechanical handling, automation.
• When engineering controls are not possible, the use of Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE) becomes mandatory.
• Example: In construction, falling objects necessitate safety helmets.
• Compliance: Use of PPE is mandated by the Factories Act, 1948, and Atomic
Energy (Factories) Rules, 1996.
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Use of PPE
• PPE is crucial in any safety program.
• Proper selection, use, and maintenance are the employer's responsibility.
Quality of PPE
• PPE must:
• Provide full protection against expected hazards.
• Be made of materials that withstand those hazards.

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4 CATEGORIES OF PPE
• Non-respiratory: Protection against external injuries (head, eyes, face, hand,
arm, foot, leg, other body parts).
• Respiratory: Protection from harm caused by inhalation of contaminated air.

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NON RESPIRATORY PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) FOR
THE EMPLOYEES
Head Protection
• Protection against:
• Falling objects (especially at construction sites)
• High heat near boilers and furnaces
• Chemical splashes
• Use of industrial helmets depending on job requirement.
• Hairnets and safety caps for women around moving machinery.

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HARD HATS TYPES

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INDUSTRIAL HELMETS FOR HEAD PROTECTION

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Ear Protection
• Guard against deafness using:
• Earplugs
• Ear-muffs
• Helmets with integrated communication devices

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9 Eye Protection
• Protects against:
• Glare and radiation (welding)
• Flying fragments (grinding, milling, turning)
• Dust (carpentry, foundries)
• Chemical splashes
• Molten metals
• E.g.Lenses, eye shields, goggles,
and safety spectacles are commonly used.

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10 Body Protection
• Protects from:
• Minor injuries
• Chemicals
• Fire
• Falling (use of safety belts)
• Examples include aprons, boiler-suits,
asbestos suits, hot entry suits

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11 Hand Protection
• Gloves, pads, arm shields, wristbands for physical safety.
• Barrier creams and hand cleaners for skin safety.
• Barrier creams create a protective layer on the skin, while hand cleaners
remove contaminants and bacteria

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Foot Protection
• Foundry workers: special safety footwear
• Protection against injuries from falling weights
• Use of safety shoes to prevent toe injuries

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Various industrial
foot protection
boots

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Additional PPE-related Safety Devices
• Containers for flammable liquids
• Safety nets
• Non-slippery floors
• Safety signs
• Gas detectors
• Firefighting equipment

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RESPIRATORY PPE KITS

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INTRODUCTION TO RESPIRATORY PPE KITS
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•Respiratory Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is designed to protect
workers from inhaling hazardous substances in the air.
•These hazards may include dust, fumes, mists, gases, vapors, and
oxygen-deficient atmospheres.
•Respiratory PPE is crucial in industries like mining, construction,
chemical manufacturing, and firefighting.
•The proper selection and use of respiratory PPE can prevent
respiratory diseases, chronic lung damage, and workplace fatalities.

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CLASSIFICATION OF RESPIRATORY PPE
• Respiratory PPE is broadly classified into two categories: Respirators
and Breathing Apparatus.
• Respirators filter contaminated air from the environment before it is
inhaled.
• Breathing apparatus provides clean air from an independent source,
useful in oxygen-deficient or highly toxic environments.
• Each type has subcategories based on the level of protection, usage
duration, and fit.

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21 NON-POWERED RESPIRATORS (NEGATIVE
PRESSURE RESPIRATORS)
• Non-powered respirators rely on the wearer’s inhalation to draw air
through filters.
• Common types include disposable filtering facepiece respirators
(e.g., N95 masks) and half/full-face respirators with cartridges.
• They are lightweight and economical but can cause breathing resistance
over time.
• These respirators require a good facial seal to be effective and must be
fit-tested regularly.

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22 POWERED AIR-PURIFYING RESPIRATORS (PAPR
•.
•Powered respirators use a battery-operated blower to draw air
through filters and supply it to the wearer.
•They offer higher comfort and less breathing resistance, making
them suitable for extended use.
•PAPR systems can be used with loose-fitting hoods, helmets,
or tight-fitting facepieces.
•They are ideal in environments with heavy particulates or when
the user cannot pass a fit test for tight respirators.

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SUPPLIED AIR RESPIRATORS (SAR)
•SARs deliver clean air from a remote source through a hose
connected to the facepiece.
•They are used in toxic or oxygen-deficient atmospheres where
filtering air is not viable.
•SARs are often used in confined spaces, painting operations, and
hazardous chemical industries.
•The air supply can be from cylinders or compressors placed in a
safe zone.

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24 SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS
(SCBA)
• SCBA provides complete respiratory protection with an air tank worn on
the back, supplying air to a face mask.
• Commonly used by firefighters, rescue teams, and workers in extremely
hazardous environments.
• SCBA allows full mobility and is used where no safe ambient air is
available.
• Limited by the air supply duration (usually 30–60 minutes), making time
management critical.

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TIGHT-FITTING RESPIRATORS
•Tight-fitting respirators create a secure seal around the nose and
mouth (or entire face).
•Types include half-face and full-face respirators.
•These require fit testing to ensure a proper seal and are affected by
facial hair and head movements.
•They provide high protection but may be uncomfortable for long-
term use.

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LOOSE-FITTING RESPIRATORS
•Loose-fitting respirators include hoods, helmets, and face shields that
do not require a tight seal to the face.
•Suitable for workers with facial hair or those who cannot be fit-tested.
•Often used with PAPR systems, they offer comfort and full-face
coverage.
•They may provide lower protection than tight-fitting ones but are more
user-friendly for certain tasks.

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SELECTION AND USE CONSIDERATIONS
• Choosing the correct respiratory PPE depends on the type of
contaminant, its concentration, duration of exposure, and work
environment.
• User comfort, mobility needs, communication, and compatibility with
other PPE are also important.
• Training on proper donning, doffing, maintenance, and limitations is
essential for safe use.
• Regular inspection, cleaning, and storage procedures help extend the
life and effectiveness of PPE.

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28 SUMMARY AND BEST PRACTICES
•Respiratory PPE plays a vital role in protecting workers from
airborne hazards.
•It is essential to match the type of respirator with the workplace
conditions and hazard levels.
•Fit testing, user training, and adherence to safety standards like
OSHA and ISI are mandatory for effectiveness.
•Regular audits and safety drills help ensure respiratory PPE is
properly used and maintained