The document outlines Mayer's 12 principles of multimedia learning, which provide guidelines for how to best design multimedia instructional materials. It summarizes each of the 12 principles, which include coherence, signaling, redundancy, spatial and temporal contiguity, segmenting, pre-training, modality, multimedia, personalization, voice, and image principles. The principles advise on how to reduce extraneous cognitive load and encourage essential processing through techniques like removing irrelevant info, highlighting organization, integrating words and pictures, synchronizing narration and visuals, and using a conversational human voice.

1. Mayer’s 12 Principles of
Multimedia
Terry Gagich

2. The Coherence Principle
Humans learn best when extraneous, distracting material is not included.

3. Signaling Principle
People learn better when cues that highlight the organization of the essential
material are added.
You would use the signaling principle
when you want to draw a users eye to a
specific spot.
When you don’t use the signaling
principle, it appears as though all the
information is equally as important.

4. Redundancy Principle
People learn best with narration and graphics, as opposed to narration,
graphics, and text.
Note* This is just a picture,
there is no audio currently.
The American Flag currently has 50 stars to
represent the 50 states. It wasn’t too long ago
when that number was lower and …. Blah
blah blah

5. Spatial Contiguity Principle
People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented
near rather than far from each other on the page or screen.

6. Temporal Contiguity Principle
People learn better when corresponding words and pictures are presented
simultaneously rather than successively.

7. Segmenting Principle
People learn better from a multimedia lesson is presented in user-paced
segments rather than as a continuous unit.

8. Pre-training Principle
People learn better from a multimedia lesson when they know the names and
characteristics of the main concepts.

9. Modality Principle
People learn better from graphics and narrations than from animation and on-
screen text.
The History of Disco:
It was a dark, dark
time and … etc etc etc

10. Multimedia Principle
People learn better from words and pictures than from words alone.

11. Personalization Principle
People learn better from multimedia lessons when words are in conversational
style rather than formal style.

12. Voice Principle
People learn better when the narration in multimedia lessons is spoken in a
friendly human voice rather than a machine voice.
When narrating, it’s better
to use a friendly human
voice than a robotic one.
A. Robot.Voice. Can.
Seem. Cold. And. Not.
Pleasant.To. Listen.To.

13. Image Principle
People do not necessarily learn better from a multimedia lesson when the
speaker’s image is added to the screen.