This presentation focuses on maximizing the efficiency of condensing boilers in heating hot water applications. Specifically, the presentation describes how to determine the appropriate control setpoints for outdoor air temperature reset of hot water supply temperature and how to maximize the benefits of a condensing boiler. We show how default factory control parameters can affect condensing boiler efficiency, and present straightforward strategies for obtaining and implementing the optimum operational settings for condensing boilers. The result is a condensing boiler system that meets design load and part loads with improved combustion efficiency at little to no first cost.
Presented by Matt Napolitan, P.E., CPMP, LEED AP and Brent Weigel, Ph.D., P.E., LEED AP of Cx Associates, LLC, a Burlington, Vermont-based energy engineering consulting firm.
This document discusses replacing conventional boilers with condensing boilers, which can improve efficiency. Condensing boilers capture steam in flue gases to reuse its heat, allowing efficiencies over 90%. However, their full efficiency boost requires low return water temperatures. Properly designing systems with outdoor reset controls, reduced flow, and two-way valves can lower temperatures. The document also covers potential issues like venting and preventing suboptimal situations found in some existing systems. Research is exploring optimizing existing condensing boiler installations.
The document summarizes the main components of a refrigeration system:
1. The evaporator operates at low temperature and pressure, the condenser operates at high temperature and pressure, and the expansion device maintains a pressure differential.
2. The refrigeration cycle involves the compressor increasing pressure and the condenser removing heat outdoors before the evaporator cools air/water and the expansion valve reduces pressure.
3. Key components include the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, filter drier, sight glass, pressure switch, solenoid valve, and thermostat/control system.
The human eye is a camera-type eye that focuses light onto the retina. The cornea and crystalline lens work together to focus incoming light, with the ciliary muscles helping to change the lens shape to focus on near or far objects. Light passes through the lens and vitreous humor before striking the light-sensitive retina, where it is converted to electrical signals and sent to the brain for interpretation. Common vision problems include nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia, which often develops in middle age as the lens stiffens.
Ashrae CRC presentation doas with chilled beambostjanpeterman
This document provides an overview of chilled beam systems and compares them to conventional VAV systems. Some key points:
- Chilled beams were developed in Norway in 1975 and have been widely used in Europe, with US installations now emerging as an alternative to VAV.
- There are passive, active, and multi-service chilled beams that provide radiant cooling via circulated water and can integrate other building services. Active beams also provide ventilation.
- Chilled beam systems have advantages like lower construction costs due to smaller ducts and AHUs, lower energy and maintenance costs, and increased comfort.
- While initial HVAC costs are higher, general construction costs can be lower due to reduced floor-to
Control of body temperature and water balance (copy)Mae Canencia
This document discusses thermoregulation and osmoregulation in animals. Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range through various adaptations. These include metabolic heat production, insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, and behavioral responses. Osmoregulation is the homeostatic control of water and solute levels. The kidneys and urinary system play a key role in osmoregulation and homeostasis by filtering blood to form urine and regulating water and solute levels in the body through filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion.
Theory and fundamentals of Active Chilled Beams presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE, February 8, 2011. Presented by Matt Green of Thermosystems.
An all-water HVAC system circulates water through terminal units in each space consisting of a coil, fan, and filter to handle heating and cooling. Return air is drawn into the unit by the fan, filtered, and passes through the coil. Heat is transferred from the space through chilled water pipes to refrigeration equipment and then rejected outdoors. The main downside is a lack of odor removal since only water, not air, circulates. An air-water system addresses this by providing a separate air system to supply fresh ventilation air to each space.
This document discusses air conditioning systems for small buildings. There are three main types: all-air systems which use ductwork to distribute cooled air, all-water systems which use fan coils and piping to distribute chilled water, and combination air-water systems which use both air and water distribution. For small buildings, common air conditioning units include window units for single rooms, packaged roof units that contain all equipment, and split systems where the condenser is outside and evaporator coil inside.
This document discusses replacing conventional boilers with condensing boilers, which can improve efficiency. Condensing boilers capture steam in flue gases to reuse its heat, allowing efficiencies over 90%. However, their full efficiency boost requires low return water temperatures. Properly designing systems with outdoor reset controls, reduced flow, and two-way valves can lower temperatures. The document also covers potential issues like venting and preventing suboptimal situations found in some existing systems. Research is exploring optimizing existing condensing boiler installations.
The document summarizes the main components of a refrigeration system:
1. The evaporator operates at low temperature and pressure, the condenser operates at high temperature and pressure, and the expansion device maintains a pressure differential.
2. The refrigeration cycle involves the compressor increasing pressure and the condenser removing heat outdoors before the evaporator cools air/water and the expansion valve reduces pressure.
3. Key components include the compressor, condenser, expansion valve, evaporator, filter drier, sight glass, pressure switch, solenoid valve, and thermostat/control system.
The human eye is a camera-type eye that focuses light onto the retina. The cornea and crystalline lens work together to focus incoming light, with the ciliary muscles helping to change the lens shape to focus on near or far objects. Light passes through the lens and vitreous humor before striking the light-sensitive retina, where it is converted to electrical signals and sent to the brain for interpretation. Common vision problems include nearsightedness, farsightedness, astigmatism, and presbyopia, which often develops in middle age as the lens stiffens.
Ashrae CRC presentation doas with chilled beambostjanpeterman
This document provides an overview of chilled beam systems and compares them to conventional VAV systems. Some key points:
- Chilled beams were developed in Norway in 1975 and have been widely used in Europe, with US installations now emerging as an alternative to VAV.
- There are passive, active, and multi-service chilled beams that provide radiant cooling via circulated water and can integrate other building services. Active beams also provide ventilation.
- Chilled beam systems have advantages like lower construction costs due to smaller ducts and AHUs, lower energy and maintenance costs, and increased comfort.
- While initial HVAC costs are higher, general construction costs can be lower due to reduced floor-to
Control of body temperature and water balance (copy)Mae Canencia
This document discusses thermoregulation and osmoregulation in animals. Thermoregulation is the process by which animals maintain an internal temperature within a tolerable range through various adaptations. These include metabolic heat production, insulation, circulatory adaptations, evaporative cooling, and behavioral responses. Osmoregulation is the homeostatic control of water and solute levels. The kidneys and urinary system play a key role in osmoregulation and homeostasis by filtering blood to form urine and regulating water and solute levels in the body through filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion.
Theory and fundamentals of Active Chilled Beams presented at the Illinois Chapter of ASHRAE, February 8, 2011. Presented by Matt Green of Thermosystems.
An all-water HVAC system circulates water through terminal units in each space consisting of a coil, fan, and filter to handle heating and cooling. Return air is drawn into the unit by the fan, filtered, and passes through the coil. Heat is transferred from the space through chilled water pipes to refrigeration equipment and then rejected outdoors. The main downside is a lack of odor removal since only water, not air, circulates. An air-water system addresses this by providing a separate air system to supply fresh ventilation air to each space.
This document discusses air conditioning systems for small buildings. There are three main types: all-air systems which use ductwork to distribute cooled air, all-water systems which use fan coils and piping to distribute chilled water, and combination air-water systems which use both air and water distribution. For small buildings, common air conditioning units include window units for single rooms, packaged roof units that contain all equipment, and split systems where the condenser is outside and evaporator coil inside.
This document discusses lessons learned from Tipperary Energy Agency's renewable energy projects in procuring and contracting biomass installations. It provides examples of both unsuccessful early biomass subcontracts that experienced design and integration issues, as well as more recent successful energy service company contracts where the biomass boilers are running well and delivering over 60% savings. Key recommendations include using a two-stage procurement process with prequalified contractors, evaluating projects based on lifecycle costs, and assigning risks to the party best able to manage them. Case studies demonstrate savings of up to 63% and three-year paybacks for biomass installations compared to oil or LPG alternatives.
The document discusses domestic energy efficiency standards in the UK housing sector. It notes that standards have changed recently with the withdrawal of the Code for Sustainable Homes and restrictions on local planning authorities requiring higher energy standards. This has led to confusion among local planning policies. Higher standards like Passivhaus are still achievable with care in design, construction and quality control. Proper insulation, airtightness, ventilation and installer training are keys to success. A local example of a Passivhaus built to high standards on time and on budget is provided.
Smart builders with a knack for construction economics are better equipped to help corporations navigate turbulent economic times and find new cost-effective ways to develop new facilities for growth and expansion. In late 2008, in the midst of the recession, Building Design+Construction magazine told its 75,000 readers to take a page from Leopardo and praised our progressive thinking when it came to smart construction.
To demonstrate some of our industry leading cost-management methods, here are 10 of Leopardo’s building solutions to save time and money. Hundreds more where these came from.
Half-day workshop on high-performance green building design for USGBC Nevada chapter, Las Vegas, 1/8/13, using case studies from Jerry Yudelson's new book, The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise vs Performance in Sustainable Design, published January 2013.
Pulse webinar: Energy Managers, Carve out Your Niche, June 2011Pulse Energy
Many organizations are bringing aboard energy managers as a result of rising energy costs and greenhouse gas reduction targets. New energy managers are tasked with developing protocols themselves, and ensuring energy efficiency becomes the norm within their organizations.
View this free, informative webinar featuring Craig Handley, Energy Manager, to learn how he navigated the challenges of being a new energy manager at RMIT University to cut energy use by 15%. Craig will:
- share his approach to creating an energy management plan and getting buy-in
- provide you with tips for embedding energy management into organizational culture
- describe two key initiatives that helped reduce energy use on campus
The document outlines the stages and objectives for evaluating and implementing a surface water source heat pump project for a client like the National Trust. It discusses the Trust's properties and energy use. Common past issues included unclear project scopes, oversized systems, and lack of performance monitoring. The stages include feasibility assessments, design, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning. Objectives involve assessing environmental impacts, identifying suitable water sources, determining permissions, estimating demands, financial analysis and risk assessment.
Energy Technologies for Mid-Rise Buildings - Past, Present and FutureRayco Energy
Presented on January 21, 2015 to WESTCON (Western Construction Consultants Association) by Rayco Energy.
An overview of the evolution of energy technologies in the high-density residential and commercial marketplace. Assessing energy management planning and budgeting for solar pv roof panels, LED lighting upgrades, demand management, and building envelope upgrades within California and Nevada.
The document provides information on LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. It discusses what LEED is, the different rating systems for new construction, interior design, operations and maintenance, and neighborhood development. It describes the prerequisites and credits structure that projects earn points in areas like location, sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy use, and indoor environmental quality to achieve LEED certification at certified, silver, gold or platinum levels. Example high performing LEED projects are also mentioned.
Diego Calandrino is a chartered mechanical engineer with extensive experience in renewable energy generation including bioenergy, combined heat and power, geothermal energy, and carbon capture and storage. He has worked as a senior project manager delivering feasibility studies and technical advisory services for bioenergy, waste-to-energy, and geothermal power projects worldwide. Calandrino also has expertise in sustainable design, energy strategy, and masterplanning for projects in the UK and internationally. Currently he is a Senior Bio-energy Project Manager at Mott MacDonald in Brighton, UK.
How can you design or retrofit your building to be net zero energy? What are the steps and what does it cost to get to net zero compared to standard construction? When you design commercial buildings that are super insulated, have very tight envelopes and use energy recovery ventilation, then you can add solar PV to generate power on site and reach for net zero.
Mainstreaming Zero: Large Scale Commercial Net Zero Energy Buildings, AGC 2013Shanti Pless
My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
Energy efficiency presentation for codes and standardsBrenda Taylor
This document discusses opportunities for architects in the growing market for deep energy retrofits of existing buildings. Deep energy retrofits aim for energy savings of 45-50% through a holistic approach considering the building envelope, systems, and user behavior. While most current retrofits achieve around 20-25% savings through simple equipment replacements, deep retrofits provide more opportunities for architects' integrated design skills. The document outlines the technical skills and knowledge architects would need to lead deep retrofit projects and make the business case for their value in achieving greater energy savings through a whole-building approach.
Whole building design and commissioning takes a holistic approach to ensure proper operation, maintenance and performance of building systems. It involves integrated design of building envelope and mechanical systems using a multi-disciplinary team. Commissioning identifies deficiencies, ensures systems meet design intent, and provides risk management by detecting and correcting problems early. It results in lower operating costs, increased productivity and reduced liability.
ARKA Lights offers a novel thermal dissipation technology module that can improve LED lumen intensity and lifespan by managing heat better than existing solutions. The module can replace incandescent bulbs without compromising light quality or output. It uses a proprietary design that can fit into different LED product families made by OEMs. ARKA plans to sell these high-performance thermal modules to lighting OEMs, distributors, and end users like commercial businesses and institutions.
This document discusses several proposals related to improving energy efficiency standards in New Zealand buildings. It outlines 7 specific proposals being sought feedback on, related to energy efficiency in housing, buildings, and HVAC systems. It also references the energy step code in other regions as examples of successfully improving building standards over time. Overall the document aims to gather input on improving New Zealand's building code and standards to better link operational efficiency and occupant health and wellbeing.
What do you need in order to make a meaningful contribution to the New Zealand Building Code consultation process?
There are many parties interested in this great opportunity. Here's what I know so far...
Cx Associates - A Retrospective of Early Adoption of ASHRAE Guideline 36Cx Associates
Cx Associates senior engineer Rick Stehmeyer presented "A Retrospective of Early Adoption of ASHRAE Guideline 36" at the Better Buildings by Design Conference in South Burlington, Vermont in February 2020.
Eveline Killian and Daniel Tuhus-Dubrow from Cx Associates, Christopher Vintinner from Distech Controls, and John Grosvenor from Vermont Historical Society presented these slides at the 2018 Better Buildings by Design conference. The presentation discusses what retrocommissioning is/is not, along with a case study at the Vermont Historical Society. This presentation gives a unique look into retrocommissioning processes and achievements by discussing an owner's perspective.
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Similar to Maximizing the Efficiency of Condensing Boilers - Cx Associates
This document discusses lessons learned from Tipperary Energy Agency's renewable energy projects in procuring and contracting biomass installations. It provides examples of both unsuccessful early biomass subcontracts that experienced design and integration issues, as well as more recent successful energy service company contracts where the biomass boilers are running well and delivering over 60% savings. Key recommendations include using a two-stage procurement process with prequalified contractors, evaluating projects based on lifecycle costs, and assigning risks to the party best able to manage them. Case studies demonstrate savings of up to 63% and three-year paybacks for biomass installations compared to oil or LPG alternatives.
The document discusses domestic energy efficiency standards in the UK housing sector. It notes that standards have changed recently with the withdrawal of the Code for Sustainable Homes and restrictions on local planning authorities requiring higher energy standards. This has led to confusion among local planning policies. Higher standards like Passivhaus are still achievable with care in design, construction and quality control. Proper insulation, airtightness, ventilation and installer training are keys to success. A local example of a Passivhaus built to high standards on time and on budget is provided.
Smart builders with a knack for construction economics are better equipped to help corporations navigate turbulent economic times and find new cost-effective ways to develop new facilities for growth and expansion. In late 2008, in the midst of the recession, Building Design+Construction magazine told its 75,000 readers to take a page from Leopardo and praised our progressive thinking when it came to smart construction.
To demonstrate some of our industry leading cost-management methods, here are 10 of Leopardo’s building solutions to save time and money. Hundreds more where these came from.
Half-day workshop on high-performance green building design for USGBC Nevada chapter, Las Vegas, 1/8/13, using case studies from Jerry Yudelson's new book, The World's Greenest Buildings: Promise vs Performance in Sustainable Design, published January 2013.
Pulse webinar: Energy Managers, Carve out Your Niche, June 2011Pulse Energy
Many organizations are bringing aboard energy managers as a result of rising energy costs and greenhouse gas reduction targets. New energy managers are tasked with developing protocols themselves, and ensuring energy efficiency becomes the norm within their organizations.
View this free, informative webinar featuring Craig Handley, Energy Manager, to learn how he navigated the challenges of being a new energy manager at RMIT University to cut energy use by 15%. Craig will:
- share his approach to creating an energy management plan and getting buy-in
- provide you with tips for embedding energy management into organizational culture
- describe two key initiatives that helped reduce energy use on campus
The document outlines the stages and objectives for evaluating and implementing a surface water source heat pump project for a client like the National Trust. It discusses the Trust's properties and energy use. Common past issues included unclear project scopes, oversized systems, and lack of performance monitoring. The stages include feasibility assessments, design, construction, commissioning, operation and maintenance, and decommissioning. Objectives involve assessing environmental impacts, identifying suitable water sources, determining permissions, estimating demands, financial analysis and risk assessment.
Energy Technologies for Mid-Rise Buildings - Past, Present and FutureRayco Energy
Presented on January 21, 2015 to WESTCON (Western Construction Consultants Association) by Rayco Energy.
An overview of the evolution of energy technologies in the high-density residential and commercial marketplace. Assessing energy management planning and budgeting for solar pv roof panels, LED lighting upgrades, demand management, and building envelope upgrades within California and Nevada.
The document provides information on LEED (Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design) certification. It discusses what LEED is, the different rating systems for new construction, interior design, operations and maintenance, and neighborhood development. It describes the prerequisites and credits structure that projects earn points in areas like location, sustainable sites, water efficiency, energy use, and indoor environmental quality to achieve LEED certification at certified, silver, gold or platinum levels. Example high performing LEED projects are also mentioned.
Diego Calandrino is a chartered mechanical engineer with extensive experience in renewable energy generation including bioenergy, combined heat and power, geothermal energy, and carbon capture and storage. He has worked as a senior project manager delivering feasibility studies and technical advisory services for bioenergy, waste-to-energy, and geothermal power projects worldwide. Calandrino also has expertise in sustainable design, energy strategy, and masterplanning for projects in the UK and internationally. Currently he is a Senior Bio-energy Project Manager at Mott MacDonald in Brighton, UK.
How can you design or retrofit your building to be net zero energy? What are the steps and what does it cost to get to net zero compared to standard construction? When you design commercial buildings that are super insulated, have very tight envelopes and use energy recovery ventilation, then you can add solar PV to generate power on site and reach for net zero.
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My keynote on the growing large scale net zero energy building industry, with details from our net zero projects at NREL: http://news.agc.org/2013/10/30/the-agc-building-contractors-conference-shares-innovative-ways-to-increase-your-firms-productivity/. Thanks to Tom Hootman at RNL/MKK for some of the slides and great images!
Energy efficiency presentation for codes and standardsBrenda Taylor
This document discusses opportunities for architects in the growing market for deep energy retrofits of existing buildings. Deep energy retrofits aim for energy savings of 45-50% through a holistic approach considering the building envelope, systems, and user behavior. While most current retrofits achieve around 20-25% savings through simple equipment replacements, deep retrofits provide more opportunities for architects' integrated design skills. The document outlines the technical skills and knowledge architects would need to lead deep retrofit projects and make the business case for their value in achieving greater energy savings through a whole-building approach.
Whole building design and commissioning takes a holistic approach to ensure proper operation, maintenance and performance of building systems. It involves integrated design of building envelope and mechanical systems using a multi-disciplinary team. Commissioning identifies deficiencies, ensures systems meet design intent, and provides risk management by detecting and correcting problems early. It results in lower operating costs, increased productivity and reduced liability.
ARKA Lights offers a novel thermal dissipation technology module that can improve LED lumen intensity and lifespan by managing heat better than existing solutions. The module can replace incandescent bulbs without compromising light quality or output. It uses a proprietary design that can fit into different LED product families made by OEMs. ARKA plans to sell these high-performance thermal modules to lighting OEMs, distributors, and end users like commercial businesses and institutions.
This document discusses several proposals related to improving energy efficiency standards in New Zealand buildings. It outlines 7 specific proposals being sought feedback on, related to energy efficiency in housing, buildings, and HVAC systems. It also references the energy step code in other regions as examples of successfully improving building standards over time. Overall the document aims to gather input on improving New Zealand's building code and standards to better link operational efficiency and occupant health and wellbeing.
What do you need in order to make a meaningful contribution to the New Zealand Building Code consultation process?
There are many parties interested in this great opportunity. Here's what I know so far...
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Cx Associates - A Retrospective of Early Adoption of ASHRAE Guideline 36Cx Associates
Cx Associates senior engineer Rick Stehmeyer presented "A Retrospective of Early Adoption of ASHRAE Guideline 36" at the Better Buildings by Design Conference in South Burlington, Vermont in February 2020.
Eveline Killian and Daniel Tuhus-Dubrow from Cx Associates, Christopher Vintinner from Distech Controls, and John Grosvenor from Vermont Historical Society presented these slides at the 2018 Better Buildings by Design conference. The presentation discusses what retrocommissioning is/is not, along with a case study at the Vermont Historical Society. This presentation gives a unique look into retrocommissioning processes and achievements by discussing an owner's perspective.
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Spark is the widely used ETL tool for processing, indexing and ingesting data to serving stack for search. Milvus is the production-ready open-source vector database. In this talk we will show how to use Spark to process unstructured data to extract vector representations, and push the vectors to Milvus vector database for search serving.
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Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Infrastructure Challenges in Scaling RAG with Custom AI modelsZilliz
Building Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems with open-source and custom AI models is a complex task. This talk explores the challenges in productionizing RAG systems, including retrieval performance, response synthesis, and evaluation. We’ll discuss how to leverage open-source models like text embeddings, language models, and custom fine-tuned models to enhance RAG performance. Additionally, we’ll cover how BentoML can help orchestrate and scale these AI components efficiently, ensuring seamless deployment and management of RAG systems in the cloud.
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Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
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ABSTRACT: A prima vista, un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ potrebbero avere in comune il fatto di essere entrambi blocchi di costruzione, o dipendenze di progetti creativi e software. La realtà è che un mattoncino Lego e il caso della backdoor XZ hanno molto di più di tutto ciò in comune.
Partecipate alla presentazione per immergervi in una storia di interoperabilità, standard e formati aperti, per poi discutere del ruolo importante che i contributori hanno in una comunità open source sostenibile.
BIO: Sostenitrice del software libero e dei formati standard e aperti. È stata un membro attivo dei progetti Fedora e openSUSE e ha co-fondato l'Associazione LibreItalia dove è stata coinvolta in diversi eventi, migrazioni e formazione relativi a LibreOffice. In precedenza ha lavorato a migrazioni e corsi di formazione su LibreOffice per diverse amministrazioni pubbliche e privati. Da gennaio 2020 lavora in SUSE come Software Release Engineer per Uyuni e SUSE Manager e quando non segue la sua passione per i computer e per Geeko coltiva la sua curiosità per l'astronomia (da cui deriva il suo nickname deneb_alpha).
12. Condensing Boilers ‐ 101
• Hot water, not steam
• Typically used with Nat Gas or Propane
• Up to 15% more efficient than a non‐
condensing boiler.
• The lower the return water temperature, the
more efficient the boiler.
12
41. Relationship Between OAT, Load, and
HWT
Qload = Qconduction + Qinfiltration
Qconduction = (U x A x ∆T)
Qinfiltration = (1.08 x CFM x ∆T)
Where:
Qload = Heating Load (BTUH)
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient (BTUH/ft2‐ ˚∆T)
A = Envelope area (ft2)
∆T= Difference between space temperature and outdoor air
temperature
CFM = Infiltration airflow (ft3/minute)
1.08 =
41
42. Relationship Between OAT, Load, and
HWT
Qload = Qconduction + Qinfiltration
Qconduction = (U x A x ∆T)
Qinfiltration = (1.08 x CFM x ∆T)
Where:
Qload = Heating Load (BTUH)
U = Overall heat transfer coefficient (BTUH/ft2‐ ˚∆T)
A = Envelope area (ft2)
∆T= Difference between space temperature and outdoor air
temperature
CFM = Infiltration airflow (ft3/minute)
1.08 = Air heat capacitance and unit conversion (BTUH‐min/ft3‐hr‐°F)
42
76. Determining the Right Reset Schedule
• Example – 10 ft x 14 ft office with an 8 ft
ceiling.
• Heating Load = 2,100 BTUH
• 70 deg indoor, ‐20 deg outdoor
• Designed with 4 ft of active finned tube
radiation.
• At design conditions we need 525 BTUH/LF
76
91. Adjusting an Existing Reset Schedule
• Step 1 – Lower the lowest HWST.
• Step 2 – Lower the MAX OAT 3 to 5 degrees at a
time, over a period of days or weeks.
• Step 3 – Lower the MIN OAT using what you know
about your building.
– The last time it was ‐10 or ‐15 outside, was your building
satisfied?
OAT
HWST
OATMIN
HWSTMAX
180
OATMAX
91
‐20
47
HWSTMIN
100
94. Fin‐Tube Selection
Qrated = Q215˚F x CFAWT x CFw_flow x Cfheight
Where:
Q215˚F
CFAWT
CFw_flow
Cfheight
94
= Catalog capacity
= Correction factor for average water
temperature
= Correction factor for water flow
rate
= Correction fact for mounting height