To find the total sales for the two years, we add the matrices:
A + B = [30 40 42]
[15 40 36]
[23 50 15]
MBA (Evening) Page 17
Application of Matrix Multiplication
Matrix multiplication is useful in many business applications such as:
1. Inventory Management:
- Matrix multiplication can be used to calculate the total value of inventory after applying
markups or discounts.
2. Financial Modeling:
- Matrix multiplication is used to project future values like sales, profits, assets etc. based
on estimated growth rates.
3. Production Scheduling:
- Matrix multiplication helps determine optimal production quantities by
Distribution & Channel Management, Promotion Decisions OF ITC LimitedReyaz Jafar
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Its diversified business includes five segments: Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, Hotels, Paperboard & Packaging, Agri Business & Information Technology.
In this presentation it is describe their promotion strategy and distribution and channel management system,how ITC Ltd. work with.
This document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. It discusses that the FMCG sector deals with household, personal care, food and beverage goods and is the 4th largest sector in India, growing at 11% annually. The key sections cover Indian FMCG market size and growth, market segmentation by type and sales channels, opportunities around the rural market and premium products, and challenges around counterfeiting and supply chain infrastructure. Major players in the Indian FMCG space are also listed based on their annual turnover.
Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Summit Issues and Opportunities - FMCG Ind...Resurgent India
Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Summit Issues and Opportunities - FMCG Industry Overview(Recent Trends ) - Part - 3
Foreign investments in this sector have grown gradually to reach the current size. FDI in the FMCG sector accounts for approximately 3% of the nation’s total FDI inflows between April 2000 and May 2015.
The document discusses the jute bag industry. It notes that demand for jute bags has increased significantly in recent years as an environmentally-friendly alternative to plastic bags. Jute production is centered in India and Bangladesh, and Indian exporters ship millions of jute bags annually to markets in Europe and elsewhere. The jute bag market is growing rapidly and expected to continue to expand due to rising environmental awareness and bans on plastic bags in some jurisdictions.
Competitive analysis of godrej with samsungASekhon
Godrej Group consists of two corporate entities: Godrej Industries and Godrej Consumer Products. Godrej Industries manufactures chemicals and food products while Godrej Consumer Products is a major player in India's FMCG market. The presentation provides an overview of the key business divisions and products of both companies. It then analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing Godrej through a SWOT analysis. Financial analysis of Godrej is also presented.
Boohoo is a fast fashion retailer known for trendy and affordable clothing. While Boohoo has been very successful with this business model, the document discusses how the growing ethical fashion trend could impact Boohoo. It analyzes whether Boohoo should create an ethical clothing line and considers alternatives like educating customers on recycling and donating unwanted clothes to reduce waste. In the end, the document suggests that a major brand shift would not align with Boohoo's brand, but the company could still promote more sustainable practices through social media outreach to young customers.
Zara Fashion : Marketing Strategy and M.I.S.Akash Jauhari
Zara is a Spanish clothing retailer known for its "fast fashion" business model. It focuses on design, production, and distribution processes that allow it to quickly respond to shifting consumer demands. Zara designs and produces over 12,000 new items annually and aims to get new clothing styles to stores within 4-5 weeks. It uses information systems like a centralized database, RFID, and PDAs linked to its POS system to gather customer feedback and coordinate its entire global supply chain, allowing it to rapidly replenish stores based on sales data and trends. This integrated approach has helped Zara become highly profitable and given it a competitive advantage over slower rivals.
H & M COMPANY PROFILE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT H&M: Organization of Supply Cha...Ajeenkya D Y Patil
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Distribution & Channel Management, Promotion Decisions OF ITC LimitedReyaz Jafar
ITC Limited or ITC is an Indian conglomerate headquartered in Kolkata, West Bengal. Its diversified business includes five segments: Fast-Moving Consumer Goods, Hotels, Paperboard & Packaging, Agri Business & Information Technology.
In this presentation it is describe their promotion strategy and distribution and channel management system,how ITC Ltd. work with.
This document provides an overview of the fast moving consumer goods (FMCG) sector in India. It discusses that the FMCG sector deals with household, personal care, food and beverage goods and is the 4th largest sector in India, growing at 11% annually. The key sections cover Indian FMCG market size and growth, market segmentation by type and sales channels, opportunities around the rural market and premium products, and challenges around counterfeiting and supply chain infrastructure. Major players in the Indian FMCG space are also listed based on their annual turnover.
Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Summit Issues and Opportunities - FMCG Ind...Resurgent India
Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) Summit Issues and Opportunities - FMCG Industry Overview(Recent Trends ) - Part - 3
Foreign investments in this sector have grown gradually to reach the current size. FDI in the FMCG sector accounts for approximately 3% of the nation’s total FDI inflows between April 2000 and May 2015.
The document discusses the jute bag industry. It notes that demand for jute bags has increased significantly in recent years as an environmentally-friendly alternative to plastic bags. Jute production is centered in India and Bangladesh, and Indian exporters ship millions of jute bags annually to markets in Europe and elsewhere. The jute bag market is growing rapidly and expected to continue to expand due to rising environmental awareness and bans on plastic bags in some jurisdictions.
Competitive analysis of godrej with samsungASekhon
Godrej Group consists of two corporate entities: Godrej Industries and Godrej Consumer Products. Godrej Industries manufactures chemicals and food products while Godrej Consumer Products is a major player in India's FMCG market. The presentation provides an overview of the key business divisions and products of both companies. It then analyzes the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing Godrej through a SWOT analysis. Financial analysis of Godrej is also presented.
Boohoo is a fast fashion retailer known for trendy and affordable clothing. While Boohoo has been very successful with this business model, the document discusses how the growing ethical fashion trend could impact Boohoo. It analyzes whether Boohoo should create an ethical clothing line and considers alternatives like educating customers on recycling and donating unwanted clothes to reduce waste. In the end, the document suggests that a major brand shift would not align with Boohoo's brand, but the company could still promote more sustainable practices through social media outreach to young customers.
Zara Fashion : Marketing Strategy and M.I.S.Akash Jauhari
Zara is a Spanish clothing retailer known for its "fast fashion" business model. It focuses on design, production, and distribution processes that allow it to quickly respond to shifting consumer demands. Zara designs and produces over 12,000 new items annually and aims to get new clothing styles to stores within 4-5 weeks. It uses information systems like a centralized database, RFID, and PDAs linked to its POS system to gather customer feedback and coordinate its entire global supply chain, allowing it to rapidly replenish stores based on sales data and trends. This integrated approach has helped Zara become highly profitable and given it a competitive advantage over slower rivals.
H & M COMPANY PROFILE SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT H&M: Organization of Supply Cha...Ajeenkya D Y Patil
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Founder : Erling Persson
Founded on : 4th October, 1947
Headquarters : Stockholm, Sweden
Products : Clothing, Accessories
Areas served : Worldwide
Industry : Retail
Managing Supply Chain of Zara. It defines what a supply chain is and outlines the steps that makes up the chain. It Explain the factors that affect its design and understands the processes of designing and managing the supply chain. It outline the benefits of effectively managing supply chains
The retail industry in India has evolved from traditional barter and kirana stores to modern retail formats like supermarkets and hypermarkets. It currently accounts for 24% of India's GDP and is the fifth largest retail market in the world, though organized retail makes up only 5-7% of the sector. Major players in Indian retail include Pantaloons, Shoppers Stop, and Trent. The industry faces opportunities for growth from rising incomes and urbanization, but also challenges from a fragmented supply chain and lack of infrastructure.
1. The marketing mix consists of the 4 P's - product, price, place, and promotion. It represents the set of controllable tactical marketing tools that a firm uses to produce the desired response in target markets.
2. For retail marketing, the product is the total offer including merchandise, store layout and services. Price is what the customer pays for the benefits. Place refers to distribution channels and inventory management. Promotion communicates the retail offer through various means.
3. Creating the right retail atmosphere through store layout, lighting, music and other sensory elements can influence customer emotions and behavior in the store. Elements like product quality, brand, and customer service also contribute to the total retail product.
Li & Fung is a global supply chain company established in 1906 in China. It now has over 26,000 employees across 40 countries. Li & Fung reformed its business model over three phases - from a local trading company to a regional sourcing agent to taking on full contract manufacturing. It has expanded through acquisitions and new offices globally. Li & Fung aims to safeguard growth by further integrating operations, lowering costs and achieving a target turnover of $20 billion by 2010 through strategies like global sourcing and centralized inventory.
The company "Maid4u" aims to provide household cleaning and childcare services to busy professionals in Bhubaneswar. Its mission is to deliver these services in a trustworthy and professional manner. It will offer various service packages that include tasks like house cleaning, laundry, gardening, car washing, and babysitting. Maid4u projects that it will break even after 4 months of operations as it expects to sign up 30 clients in that time frame who will subscribe to its basic cleaning package. It plans to expand its services to organizations, schools, and kindergartens by hiring more staff.
The textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, contributing 60% of exports and 11% of GDP. It started in 1950 and Pakistan is now the 4th largest cotton producer and 6th largest cotton importer. The industry employs 38% of Pakistan's workforce. It produces over 50 types of products for major importers like the US, EU, and Gulf countries. Segmentation strategies like STP and VALS are used to target different consumer groups. Communication tools like social media, TV, and print help promote textile brands in Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of Shoppers Stop, an Indian department store chain. It discusses the company's history and operations, competitive strengths, growth strategies, and financial projections. Some key points:
- Shoppers Stop is a leading department store retailer in India with a strong presence in major cities.
- It enjoys advantages from its niche focus on department stores and loyal customer base.
- The company plans to expand into new retail formats like home improvement and hypermarkets to drive further growth.
- Given industry growth projections and Shoppers Stop's expansion plans, the author expects the company to achieve a 31.6% revenue CAGR over the next 3 years.
Wildcraft is an Indian outdoor and adventure products company headquartered in Bengaluru. It was founded in 1998 and sells outdoor clothing, footwear, and gear. Under its current management since 2008, Wildcraft has pursued an aggressive expansion strategy, growing its revenue over 100 times in less than a decade through a compound annual growth rate of 75% from 2007 to 2012. Wildcraft aims to achieve a revenue run-rate of Rs. 1,000 crore by 2020.
How standardization benefits a business process and commercialisation?
What has allowed IKEA to be successful with a relatively standardised product and product line?
How does the experiential marketing approach help improve sales in Ikea?
Which features of ‘young people of all ages’ are universal and can be exploited by a global/regional strategy?
How does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) attract customers?
How does IKEA adapt its strategy for competing in international markets?
IKEA’s Social Initiative was created to manage the company’s social involvements on a global level. Why?
Otobi is the market leader in the furniture industry in Bangladesh. It has the largest annual production and market share compared to competitors like Hatil and Pertex. Otobi exports to countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. It aims to increase exports annually. While it faces threats from new entrants and substitute plastic furniture, Otobi maintains efficiency through experienced workers, economies of scale, and specialized production. Its corporate strategy focuses only on the furniture business. Marketing strategies include positioning based on quality and service and promoting through various advertising channels.
A fictitious letter to retired police officer Captain Bryant who wants to become a licensed bail bondsman in North Carolina and have two of his friends operate as his runners (bounty hunters).
PC Jewellers is one of the fastest growing jewelry companies in India. Founded in 2005 in Delhi, it now has stores in 11 states. PC Jewellers has a lower cost structure than competitors due to in-house manufacturing and inventory management. It focuses on gold jewelry over diamonds. PC Jewellers plans to continue expanding through both company-owned stores and franchises to rapidly enter new markets. It also aims to grow its diamond portfolio and online sales. Regulations around gold hedging present an obstacle for new players in the jewelry market.
This document outlines the policies and procedures for a retail store. It discusses the job descriptions for store manager and sales staff, as well as the hiring process, orientation, performance measurement, compensation, and grievance policies. Environmental and cost control measures are also summarized, along with details on store design, layout, signage, space management, and ambience.
This document discusses modifications to General Electric's Major Appliance Business Group's Project C, which aims to make GE the worldwide leader in dishwasher quality, profitability, and manufacturing excellence. It analyzes 5 potential modifications across qualitative and quantitative criteria. Modifications 1, 2, and 4 are recommended as they improve product/process quality, have minimal time delays, and positively impact human resource management. Modification 3 is not recommended as it adds complexity without clear benefits. Modification 5 is recommended for its cost savings despite some uncertainty. The recommendation is to seek board approval for a budget increase above $2.8 million to implement the recommended modifications.
Sears has faced challenges in transitioning to e-business over the past two decades. It has struggled with questions around its website strategy and how to leverage acquisitions like Lands' End. Key issues for Sears include how to utilize its website and technology to sell a variety of products, enhance its B2B initiatives, and capitalize on Lands' End's capabilities.
Tata Retails operates several retail chains in India including Westside, Croma, and Star Bazaar. Westside is Tata's flagship retail chain with 49 stores across major cities. It focuses on affordable fashion and lifestyle products. Over time, Westside has expanded its product ranges and services while pursuing a strategy of value pricing, promotional discounts, and celebrity brand ambassadors to promote its in-house brands. Tata Retails aims to be the most preferred retailer through quality products and an enhanced shopping experience across its growing network of stores.
Zara is the largest clothing retailer in the world operating in 59 countries. It pioneered a business model focused on quick response to fashion trends through vertical integration and a unique supply chain allowing new designs from concept to stores in under two weeks. Zara began expanding internationally in 1988 and now has over 800 stores worldwide using different entry strategies like subsidiaries, joint ventures, and franchising depending on the market. Its competitive advantages of fast fashion, quality products at affordable prices, and minimal advertising have made it highly successful and the main competitor to H&M and Gap in global markets.
Reliance is a multinational conglomerate founded in 1966 and currently headed by Mukesh Ambani. It operates over 300 Reliance Trends stores across India selling over 2 lakh garments daily. The presentation analyzed Reliance Trends' marketing strategies including promotions, pricing, and products offered. A customer survey found that most visitors were students aged 20-30 who came for special offers. Respondents agreed the staff was helpful and prices provided good value. In conclusion, Reliance Trends' various marketing efforts seemed successful and customers expected the high quality to continue.
Businese Research Project On Malabar GoldMOHD ARISH
This document summarizes a research study on Malabar Gold jewellery store. The study aimed to understand the preferences of women regarding jewellery. It was conducted over 45 days with a sample of 25 women. The study utilized descriptive and conclusive research methods like random sampling and questionnaires. The study analyzed consumer behaviour and purchase patterns of Malabar Gold customers. It presented findings and suggestions to provide insights on how to improve customer satisfaction and sales.
This document discusses finding equations of vertical and horizontal lines and lines parallel and perpendicular to given lines. It explains that a vertical line has an undefined slope and is of the form x=b, while a horizontal line has a slope of 0 and is of the form y=a. It gives examples of finding equations of lines parallel and perpendicular to given lines, noting that parallel lines have the same slope while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other.
How Business mathematics assist Business in decision makingFahad Fu
The presentation discusses how mathematics, including matrices, coordinate geometry, functions, limits, continuity, differentiation, and maxima and minima, can assist in business decision making. Several group members each presented on a mathematics topic and provided examples of how it is used, such as using matrices to analyze production elements or differentiation to determine optimal production levels for maximizing profit. The document concludes by solving an example maximizing profit by finding the production rate that balances total cost and total revenue functions.
Managing Supply Chain of Zara. It defines what a supply chain is and outlines the steps that makes up the chain. It Explain the factors that affect its design and understands the processes of designing and managing the supply chain. It outline the benefits of effectively managing supply chains
The retail industry in India has evolved from traditional barter and kirana stores to modern retail formats like supermarkets and hypermarkets. It currently accounts for 24% of India's GDP and is the fifth largest retail market in the world, though organized retail makes up only 5-7% of the sector. Major players in Indian retail include Pantaloons, Shoppers Stop, and Trent. The industry faces opportunities for growth from rising incomes and urbanization, but also challenges from a fragmented supply chain and lack of infrastructure.
1. The marketing mix consists of the 4 P's - product, price, place, and promotion. It represents the set of controllable tactical marketing tools that a firm uses to produce the desired response in target markets.
2. For retail marketing, the product is the total offer including merchandise, store layout and services. Price is what the customer pays for the benefits. Place refers to distribution channels and inventory management. Promotion communicates the retail offer through various means.
3. Creating the right retail atmosphere through store layout, lighting, music and other sensory elements can influence customer emotions and behavior in the store. Elements like product quality, brand, and customer service also contribute to the total retail product.
Li & Fung is a global supply chain company established in 1906 in China. It now has over 26,000 employees across 40 countries. Li & Fung reformed its business model over three phases - from a local trading company to a regional sourcing agent to taking on full contract manufacturing. It has expanded through acquisitions and new offices globally. Li & Fung aims to safeguard growth by further integrating operations, lowering costs and achieving a target turnover of $20 billion by 2010 through strategies like global sourcing and centralized inventory.
The company "Maid4u" aims to provide household cleaning and childcare services to busy professionals in Bhubaneswar. Its mission is to deliver these services in a trustworthy and professional manner. It will offer various service packages that include tasks like house cleaning, laundry, gardening, car washing, and babysitting. Maid4u projects that it will break even after 4 months of operations as it expects to sign up 30 clients in that time frame who will subscribe to its basic cleaning package. It plans to expand its services to organizations, schools, and kindergartens by hiring more staff.
The textile industry is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, contributing 60% of exports and 11% of GDP. It started in 1950 and Pakistan is now the 4th largest cotton producer and 6th largest cotton importer. The industry employs 38% of Pakistan's workforce. It produces over 50 types of products for major importers like the US, EU, and Gulf countries. Segmentation strategies like STP and VALS are used to target different consumer groups. Communication tools like social media, TV, and print help promote textile brands in Pakistan.
This document provides an overview of Shoppers Stop, an Indian department store chain. It discusses the company's history and operations, competitive strengths, growth strategies, and financial projections. Some key points:
- Shoppers Stop is a leading department store retailer in India with a strong presence in major cities.
- It enjoys advantages from its niche focus on department stores and loyal customer base.
- The company plans to expand into new retail formats like home improvement and hypermarkets to drive further growth.
- Given industry growth projections and Shoppers Stop's expansion plans, the author expects the company to achieve a 31.6% revenue CAGR over the next 3 years.
Wildcraft is an Indian outdoor and adventure products company headquartered in Bengaluru. It was founded in 1998 and sells outdoor clothing, footwear, and gear. Under its current management since 2008, Wildcraft has pursued an aggressive expansion strategy, growing its revenue over 100 times in less than a decade through a compound annual growth rate of 75% from 2007 to 2012. Wildcraft aims to achieve a revenue run-rate of Rs. 1,000 crore by 2020.
How standardization benefits a business process and commercialisation?
What has allowed IKEA to be successful with a relatively standardised product and product line?
How does the experiential marketing approach help improve sales in Ikea?
Which features of ‘young people of all ages’ are universal and can be exploited by a global/regional strategy?
How does Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) attract customers?
How does IKEA adapt its strategy for competing in international markets?
IKEA’s Social Initiative was created to manage the company’s social involvements on a global level. Why?
Otobi is the market leader in the furniture industry in Bangladesh. It has the largest annual production and market share compared to competitors like Hatil and Pertex. Otobi exports to countries in Asia, Africa, Europe and North America. It aims to increase exports annually. While it faces threats from new entrants and substitute plastic furniture, Otobi maintains efficiency through experienced workers, economies of scale, and specialized production. Its corporate strategy focuses only on the furniture business. Marketing strategies include positioning based on quality and service and promoting through various advertising channels.
A fictitious letter to retired police officer Captain Bryant who wants to become a licensed bail bondsman in North Carolina and have two of his friends operate as his runners (bounty hunters).
PC Jewellers is one of the fastest growing jewelry companies in India. Founded in 2005 in Delhi, it now has stores in 11 states. PC Jewellers has a lower cost structure than competitors due to in-house manufacturing and inventory management. It focuses on gold jewelry over diamonds. PC Jewellers plans to continue expanding through both company-owned stores and franchises to rapidly enter new markets. It also aims to grow its diamond portfolio and online sales. Regulations around gold hedging present an obstacle for new players in the jewelry market.
This document outlines the policies and procedures for a retail store. It discusses the job descriptions for store manager and sales staff, as well as the hiring process, orientation, performance measurement, compensation, and grievance policies. Environmental and cost control measures are also summarized, along with details on store design, layout, signage, space management, and ambience.
This document discusses modifications to General Electric's Major Appliance Business Group's Project C, which aims to make GE the worldwide leader in dishwasher quality, profitability, and manufacturing excellence. It analyzes 5 potential modifications across qualitative and quantitative criteria. Modifications 1, 2, and 4 are recommended as they improve product/process quality, have minimal time delays, and positively impact human resource management. Modification 3 is not recommended as it adds complexity without clear benefits. Modification 5 is recommended for its cost savings despite some uncertainty. The recommendation is to seek board approval for a budget increase above $2.8 million to implement the recommended modifications.
Sears has faced challenges in transitioning to e-business over the past two decades. It has struggled with questions around its website strategy and how to leverage acquisitions like Lands' End. Key issues for Sears include how to utilize its website and technology to sell a variety of products, enhance its B2B initiatives, and capitalize on Lands' End's capabilities.
Tata Retails operates several retail chains in India including Westside, Croma, and Star Bazaar. Westside is Tata's flagship retail chain with 49 stores across major cities. It focuses on affordable fashion and lifestyle products. Over time, Westside has expanded its product ranges and services while pursuing a strategy of value pricing, promotional discounts, and celebrity brand ambassadors to promote its in-house brands. Tata Retails aims to be the most preferred retailer through quality products and an enhanced shopping experience across its growing network of stores.
Zara is the largest clothing retailer in the world operating in 59 countries. It pioneered a business model focused on quick response to fashion trends through vertical integration and a unique supply chain allowing new designs from concept to stores in under two weeks. Zara began expanding internationally in 1988 and now has over 800 stores worldwide using different entry strategies like subsidiaries, joint ventures, and franchising depending on the market. Its competitive advantages of fast fashion, quality products at affordable prices, and minimal advertising have made it highly successful and the main competitor to H&M and Gap in global markets.
Reliance is a multinational conglomerate founded in 1966 and currently headed by Mukesh Ambani. It operates over 300 Reliance Trends stores across India selling over 2 lakh garments daily. The presentation analyzed Reliance Trends' marketing strategies including promotions, pricing, and products offered. A customer survey found that most visitors were students aged 20-30 who came for special offers. Respondents agreed the staff was helpful and prices provided good value. In conclusion, Reliance Trends' various marketing efforts seemed successful and customers expected the high quality to continue.
Businese Research Project On Malabar GoldMOHD ARISH
This document summarizes a research study on Malabar Gold jewellery store. The study aimed to understand the preferences of women regarding jewellery. It was conducted over 45 days with a sample of 25 women. The study utilized descriptive and conclusive research methods like random sampling and questionnaires. The study analyzed consumer behaviour and purchase patterns of Malabar Gold customers. It presented findings and suggestions to provide insights on how to improve customer satisfaction and sales.
This document discusses finding equations of vertical and horizontal lines and lines parallel and perpendicular to given lines. It explains that a vertical line has an undefined slope and is of the form x=b, while a horizontal line has a slope of 0 and is of the form y=a. It gives examples of finding equations of lines parallel and perpendicular to given lines, noting that parallel lines have the same slope while perpendicular lines have slopes that are negative reciprocals of each other.
How Business mathematics assist Business in decision makingFahad Fu
The presentation discusses how mathematics, including matrices, coordinate geometry, functions, limits, continuity, differentiation, and maxima and minima, can assist in business decision making. Several group members each presented on a mathematics topic and provided examples of how it is used, such as using matrices to analyze production elements or differentiation to determine optimal production levels for maximizing profit. The document concludes by solving an example maximizing profit by finding the production rate that balances total cost and total revenue functions.
This document appears to be the table of contents and problems from Chapter 0 of a mathematics textbook. The table of contents lists 17 chapters and their corresponding page numbers. The problems cover a range of algebra topics including integers, rational numbers, properties of operations, solving equations, and rational expressions. There are over 70 problems presented without solutions for students to work through.
The document discusses various topics in business mathematics and accounting including:
1. Calculation of simple interest, compound interest, annuities, yield to maturity, capital budgeting techniques, and depreciation methods.
2. The importance of interest calculations, types of interest, and concepts like rule of 72.
3. Calculation of yield to maturity, sources of finance including bonds and their valuation based on coupon rate and required rate of return.
4. Capital budgeting techniques like payback period, IRR, NPV, and sensitivity analysis for decision making.
The document covers systems of linear equations, including how to solve them using substitution and elimination methods. It provides examples of solving systems of equations with one solution, no solution, and infinitely many solutions. Quadratic equations are also discussed, including how to solve them by factoring, using the quadratic formula, and identifying the nature of solutions based on the discriminant.
application of mathematics in business and economicsManojkumar Mishra
in our day today life we see many things which are related to the math. in this ppt we are trying to show the application of maths in business and economics. this consist f the business mathematics and economical mathematics.
Business Mathematics ( 1st and 2nd years )immanuel66
Its is concerned with use of MATHS in BUSINESS. This ppt tells about use of mathematical tool like linear programming, calculus, probability,linear equation.
Application of Mathematics in Business : F 107 - Group Kjafar_sadik
The document discusses using linear equations and differential calculus to analyze the business operations of BestWay CNG Filling Station. Linear equations are used to determine the cost, revenue, and profit functions, and calculate the break-even point of 60,000 units. Differential calculus is applied to minimize the area needed for the station given space requirements, determining the optimal dimensions are 245.4 feet by 163 feet for an area of 88,792.2 square feet.
The document discusses business intelligence tools and how they can be used in marketing from a retail industry perspective. It provides an overview of various BI tools like reporting, dashboards, OLAP, data mining and how they are used. It also discusses how metrics like marketing scorecards, customer lifetime value and sensitivity analysis can help marketing. Finally, it outlines how BI tools can help with key performance metrics, complex analysis, predictive modeling and decision making for the retail industry.
The document is a training manual for analytics training provided by Orane Intelli Solutions on June 7, 2016. It provides an overview of the training programs offered to help engineering resources gain meaningful work experiences. The training covers topics such as T-SQL, SSRS, Qlikview, Access, data analytics tools and focuses on hands-on learning. It also highlights upcoming events, recent achievements and work in progress at the organization.
130918 ps-ritc skills sets final report september 2013RITCWA
This report examines the potential use of skill sets training in Western Australia's resources sector. It was commissioned by the Western Australia Resources Industry Training Council. Skill sets are defined as targeted training that provides specific skills for a job function, in contrast to broader qualifications. Through interviews with industry stakeholders, the report identifies potential roles for skill sets in surface mining and oil and gas operations. It also reviews Australia's VET policies and barriers to greater uptake of skill sets training. The report recommends reforms to support increased industry use of skill sets to meet skills needs in a more efficient way.
The document is a training manual for T-SQL and MSBI training provided by Orane Intelli Solutions on June 7, 2016. It provides an overview of the company, upcoming events, recent achievements and work in progress. It also outlines the content, chapters and hours for various courses on T-SQL, SSRS, Qlikview basics, business dashboards, Access training and advanced Access programming. Other courses offered by the company include business intelligence, data warehousing, data analytics, business analysis and tools like MS Office, MS SQL Server, T-SQL, SSRS and Power BI.
This document is a summer internship project report submitted by Dipangshu Sarkar to Jaipuria Institute of Management in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Post Graduate Diploma in Management. The report details Sarkar's 8-week internship at Axis Bank's Nagpur branch, where he gained exposure and experience in the bank's Clearing, Government Business, Front Desk, and Small and Medium Enterprises departments. The report includes analyses of the operational activities and savings/investment patterns of retail customers in these departments. It also outlines the key learnings and conclusions Sarkar drew from working in each area of the bank during his internship.
- Solvay is a global chemical company with 30,000 employees across 145 sites. It analyzes HR data to support strategic workforce planning.
- It identifies expertise gaps for employees in strategically critical roles that could impair business strategy success. Development steps are determined for those below required expertise levels.
- A relationship is found between expertise proficiency and job performance. Learning actions focus on addressing gaps in "performance supporting expertise".
- The goal is to pinpoint risks to business strategy from insufficient employee expertise and trigger actions to mitigate those risks. HR analytics is the start of an ongoing process of workforce improvement.
Careers360 summer intership report by anuj gupta ( Jaipuria Institute of Mana...Anuj Gupta
This document is a summer internship project report submitted by Anuj Gupta to the Jaipuria Institute of Management about their internship at Careers360. Careers360 is an education company that provides career counseling and crash courses. During the internship, Anuj's responsibilities included counseling students, entering feedback into a CRM system, providing daily conversion reports, and justifying conversion metrics. The report analyzes Careers360's products, competitors, organizational structure and the lead distribution system used to prioritize counseling of different types of leads.
This document discusses how business intelligence tools can help the retail industry. It describes various BI tools like reporting, forecasting, dashboards, and data mining. It explains how these tools can help with marketing metrics like the marketing scorecard, customer lifetime value calculation, and sensitivity analysis. Finally, it outlines how BI supports retail businesses with key performance reporting, complex analysis, predictive modeling, and informed decision making.
This document is a summer training project report submitted by Swati Gupta for partial fulfillment of an MBA degree. The report provides an acknowledgment, declaration, preface and table of contents. It then discusses India's financial markets and provides background on the insurance sector in India, including its history and regulations. The report also includes a company profile section on Kotak Mahindra Old Mutual Life Insurance Ltd where the training took place. It discusses various financial products like life insurance, mutual funds and equity markets. The report aims to do a comparative study of customer behavior toward these different options.
MKCL is a public limited company in Maharashtra, India that provides eLearning, e-Governance, and e-Empowerment services. It has over 5,000 authorized learning centers across India and abroad. The document describes MKCL's business model, organization structure, products and services. It then discusses the certificate printing process for an education program in detail, including objectives, flow chart, roles and responsibilities. It identifies challenges in the process like wrong certificates, data mismatches, and proposes improvements.
This report provides an insight to the available training options in India for MSME entrepreneurs and emphasizes the opportunities available in this area. It covers the brief introduction of the MSME sector importance to Indian economy. Various training programs especially by the government institution are covered. Some of the course facets and requirements are elaborated through an in depth research on a
considerable base of respondents comprising of entrepreneurs, students and faculties. Finally recommendations are given to bridge the gap between the actual and desired state of the course.
Newsletter of the “IEEE-SSUET STUDENT BRANCH”Shahzaib Khan
"Newsletter of IEEE SSUET - Student Branch, Year 2016"
The long-awaited First Edition of the "IEEE-SSUET Student Branch" Newsletter has been published.
Newsletter includes all the workshops, seminars, activities, news, events and happenings of the IEEE-SSUET Student Branch and it's societies for the year 2016.
For further info stay connected with our facebook pages.
https://www.facebook.com/ieeessuet
https://www.facebook.com/ieeessuetcs
https://www.facebook.com/IEEE.EMBS.SSUET
Customer perception towards mutual fundsProjects Kart
The document provides an overview of Karvy, an Indian financial services company. It details Karvy's various services including stock broking, distribution of financial products like mutual funds, depository services, advisory services, and more. It outlines Karvy's history and growth over the past 20 years to become a premier integrated financial services provider in India.
The document provides a summary of Tracey Lee Jackson's career experience in business continuity and emergency management. It details roles with various companies developing business continuity plans, tools, and training programs for diverse industries. It also outlines education including a Master's in Emergency Management and current pursuit of a Doctorate in Business Administration. The breadth of experience across different organizations, industries, and countries provided Jackson with skills in plan development, risk assessment, training, process development, and working across diverse teams and cultures.
This document is a report on an organization study conducted at Arabian Industries LLC in Oman. It begins with an executive summary that outlines the company's profile, products, quality policies and CSR activities. It then discusses the economic context of Oman and its petroleum industry. The main body of the report analyzes the various functional departments of Arabian Industries like finance, purchase, marketing and HR. It provides organizational charts and discusses the roles and interdependence of these departments. It concludes with a SWOT analysis and recommendations to improve the organization's effectiveness.
Vinay and Anup siit phase 1 final report-Pragati Engineering BelgaumVinay Lokesh
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4) Support processes like procurement, maintenance and IT operations also have defined procedures to ensure efficient business operations.
This document contains information for multiple assignments for a course (CMGT 557) covering emerging technologies including cloud computing, big data, IoT, and digital transformation. It includes discussion prompts, assignments for briefing documents, presentations, and timelines on these topics. The assignments require research on emerging technologies that could help a web development company expand their business and how tools like cloud computing, big data, and IoT integration could increase the company's profitability and operations.
This document contains instructions and requirements for assignments in the CMGT 557 course, including assignments related to emerging technologies, cloud computing, big data, IoT/IoE, and digital transformation. Key assignments involve creating briefings, presentations, timelines, and discussions on these topics for a fictional web development company. The assignments require research on emerging technologies, analysis of how tools like cloud computing, big data, and IoT can benefit businesses, and recommendations for how the client company can incorporate these technologies and transition digitally.
This document contains information for multiple assignments for a course (CMGT 557) covering emerging technologies including cloud computing, big data, IoT, and digital transformation. It includes discussion prompts, assignments to create briefing documents, presentations, and timelines on these topics. The goal is for students to research emerging technologies and how they could be used to increase profitability, advance business prospects, and integrate into operations for a sample web development company.
The document analyzes the brand equity and market share of Shan and National masala mixes in Karachi, Pakistan. It surveyed 80 women ages 18-54 on their brand awareness, usage, and perception of the brands. Statistical analysis showed Shan had significantly higher recall, usage, and perception as the market leader compared to National. Shan's possible advantages included better taste, protective packaging technology, and greater variety of mixes. The study identified Shan as having stronger brand image and equity in the recipe masala mix category in Karachi.
Premier Aviation Services (PAS) is the National Marketing Company for Amadeus in Pakistan. It provides advanced technology solutions for travel agencies, airlines, hotels, and other travel industry players. PAS has experienced success in recent years, with its distribution and IT solutions businesses contributing to increased revenue and total segments. However, it also faces challenges such as needing continuous improvement, studying competitors' strategies, and reducing costs. Its main competitors in Pakistan are Galileo and Abacus. PAS remains committed to delivering quality products and services to become a brighter, bolder, and better choice for the travel industry.
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DayDreamholidays.com is launching an online hotel booking and tour package website in Pakistan. The marketing plan has three main objectives: 1) satisfy customer needs with a one-stop solution for hotel and flight bookings, 2) become the market leader in the online travel space, and 3) increase brand visibility. Strategies include developing strong relationships and an easy-to-use website. Tactics involve promotional activities like advertising, public relations, and direct marketing. The budget allocates funds across various promotional channels to achieve sales growth targets.
The document analyzes various financial ratios for Engro Foods Limited for the years 2008, 2009, and 2010 to evaluate the company's liquidity, asset usage, profitability, and financial position. It calculates 13 key ratios including current ratio, quick ratio, return on assets, return on equity, and profit margin. The ratios provide insights into Engro Foods' ability to meet short-term obligations, efficiency in using assets, and effectiveness in generating profits.
This document summarizes a research report that compares the brands Shan and National for recipe masala mixes in Pakistan. The report analyzed data from 80 respondents through a questionnaire. Key findings include:
- Shan was the most recalled brand at 46.3%, compared to National at 12.5%
- TV ads were the most effective promotion at 80% awareness
- 68.8% of respondents use Shan most frequently, compared to 28.8% for National
- Biryani masala mix was the most commonly used product at 51.2% usage
- Taste and aroma were considered the most important brand aspect by 65% of respondents.
1. 2011
Application of Mathematics in
Business World
This report indicates the Applications of Mathematical tools
in Business World; for this purpose we have chosen the data
from different organizations; Manufacturing, Trading, Serving
and Non-Profit Organizations. This report gives an idea how
to utilize these Mathematics functions in our real life.
PAF-KIET (City Campus)
MBA (Evening)
01-May-2011
2. Project on
Appllication of M athematicall Toolls in Business Worlld
Ap cati n f M h m ica To s in Bu n Wor
Submitted to
Sir Shahbaz Khan
Advanced Business Mathematics (55035)
Group Participants
Toufeeq Ahmed (55302)
Sadia Iftikhar (55502)
Abdul Waseem (55475)
Sidra Iqbal (54134)
Ayesha Khan (54465)
May 01, 2011
MBA (Evening) Page 2
3. ACKNOWLEDGMENT
We are profoundly grateful to Almighty Allah for enabling us to accomplish this Project!
We are sincerely thankful to our supervisor Mr. Shahbaz Khan (Assistant professor at PAF-KIET)
for extending best possible support and cooperation for giving us the idea for making such
report on practical basis. He got a strong command on the subject and the topics he covered,
during the semester, would help us a lot while implementing this knowledge in our practical life.
We are also thankful to all given below organizations which provided us their useful information
for completion of our project.
Medisure Group of Companies
Marie Stopes Society, Pakistan
Interglobe Enterprises
Meezan Bank Limited
Trade Polymerz (Pvt.) Limited
With the guidance of our supervisor we really enjoyed working on this project as it was a
learning process with a team’s effort.
MBA (Evening) Page 3
4. Appliicatiion of Mathematiics iin Busiiness World
Appl cat on of Mathemat cs n Bus ness World
You read and you forget!
You see and you remember!
You do and you learn!
MBA (Evening) Page 4
5. Table of Contents
PAF-KIET Overview .............................................................................................................................................. 6
TR, MR, AR (Graphical & Algebraic Methods)
Contributed by : TOUFEEQ AHMED ..........................................................................................
TOUFEEQ AHMED
Medisure Group of Companies............................................................................................... 7
Linear Equation
Contributed by : SADIIA IIFTIIHAR ................................................................................................
SAD A FT HAR
Marie Stopes Society, Pakistan ............................................................................................. 12
Application of Matrix in Business
Contributed by : ABDUL WASEEM ............................................................................................
ABDUL WASEEM
Interglobe Enterprises ........................................................................................................... 16
Logarithmic Function
Contributed by : SIIDRA IIQBAL ...................................................................................................
S DRA QBAL
Meezan Bank Limited ............................................................................................................ 20
Quadratic Function
Contributed by : AYESHA KHAN ................................................................................................
AYESHA KHAN
Trade Polymerz (Pvt) Limited................................................................................................ 25
References/Sources .....................................................................................................................................29
MBA (Evening) Page 5
6. PAF-KIET Overview
Pakistan Air Force Karachi Institute of Economics & Technology was established in 1997 with the aim of
providing quality education economically. The main campus spread over 22 acres is situated at PAF
Korangi Creek. The City Campus is situated at Shahara-e-Faisal, Karachi.
There are over 3000 students at PAF-KIET. Both the Campuses are fully equipped with modern
educational facilities. KIET providing the education services in four different areas:
1. College of Computer Sciences
2. College of Management Sciences
3. College of Engineering & Technology
4. College of Media & Arts
MBA (Evening) Page 6
7. Contributed by
TOUFEEQ AHMED
TOUFEEQ AHMED
Reg # 55302
Reg # 55302
Accounts Manager
MEDISURE GROUP OF COMPANIES
Pharmaceutical Company
MBA (Evening) Page 7
8. Scenario: Medisure is selling an antibiotic medicine Bredin Tablet; the average daily sales by Karachi
Field Force are given below:
Name Units Sold
M. Umer Khan 47
Jahangir Iqbal 59
Raheel Qaiser 73
Yasir Hameed 98
Waqas Hussain 65
Per Person Average 68
The demand function suggested by our Financial Analyst after market research is P = 450 – 3x.
Solution:
Total Revenue Function = PxQ
(450 – 3X) X
TR = 450x – 3x2
Marginal Revenue Function = dTR = 450x – 3x2
dX
MR = 450 – 6x
Average Revenue Function = TR = 450x – 3x2
X X
AR = 450 – 3x
MBA (Evening) Page 8
10. 2
Equations TR = 450x-3x MR = 450-6x AR = 450-3x
17,500.00
16,500.00 Maximum TR = 16,875
at Units Sold = 75.
15,500.00
14,500.00
13,500.00
12,500.00
11,500.00
10,500.00
9,500.00
8,500.00
7,500.00
6,500.00
5,500.00
4,500.00
3,500.00
2,500.00
1,500.00
500.00
(500.00)
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150
Total Revenue Marginal Revenue Average Reveune
MBA (Evening) Page 10
11. Algebraic Method:
If TR = 450x – 3x2
Then 1st derivative of TR is, TR’ = MR = 450 – 6x
As we know that if MR = 0, then TR would be Maximum
When MR = 0
0 = 450 – 6x
– 6x = - 450
X = 450 ÷ 6
X = 75 Units Sold
When 75 Units are sold, the TR would be Maximum
TR = 450x – 3x2
TR = 450 (75) – 3 (75) 2
TR = 16,875
Therefore, it is proved that if 75 Units are sold, then company will earn Maximum
Revenue i.e. Rs. 16, 875
MBA (Evening) Page 11
12. Contributed by
SADIA IFTIHAR
SADIA IFTIHAR
Reg # 55502
Reg # 55502
Coordinator Internal Audit
MARIE STOPES SOCIETY, PAKISTAN
NGO - Social Services
MBA (Evening) Page 12
13. Field Staff Monthly Budgeted Allowances
Number of Allocated Amount
City Province
Persons (12,500 per person)
Karachi Sindh 8 100,000.00
Hyderabad Sindh 5 62,500.00
Sukkur Sindh 4 50,000.00
Larkana Sindh 3 37,500.00
Kashmore/Kandhkot Sindh 1 12,500.00
Kamber/Shahdadkot Sindh 2 25,000.00
Lahore Punjab 7 87,500.00
Rawalpindi Punjab 5 62,500.00
Sargodha Punjab 3 37,500.00
Multan Punjab 4 50,000.00
Khushab Punjab 2 25,000.00
Chakwal Punjab 3 37,500.00
Rahimyar Khan Punjab 4 50,000.00
Muzafar Garh Punjab 3 37,500.00
Hafizabad Punjab 5 62,500.00
TT.Singh Punjab 3 37,500.00
Okara Punjab 4 50,000.00
Khanewal Punjab 3 37,500.00
Attock Punjab 2 25,000.00
Mardan KPK 5 62,500.00
Noushaehra KPK 4 50,000.00
Swabi KPK 3 37,500.00
Peshawar KPK 6 75,000.00
Turbat 0 0.00
Total 89 1,112,500.00
The monthly budgeted allowance inclusive of the following:
1. Car renting
2. Telephone calls expenses (calculated on the basis of number of calls with durations).
3. Daily allowances.
4. Hotel Stay Expenses (if any).
MBA (Evening) Page 13
14. Field Staff Monthly Allocated Budgeted
100,000 100,000
90,000
87,500
80,000
75,000
70,000
Budgeted Allowances
62,500
60,000
50,000 50,000
40,000
37,500
30,000
25,000
20,000
12,500
10,000
- -
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of Persons
SPSS Model Summary and Parameter Estimates
Dependent Variable: Number of Person.
Model Summary Parameter Estimates
Equation R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1 b2
Linear 1.000 . 1 21 . 5.881E-16 8.000E-5
Logarithmic .953 422.171 1 21 .000 -39.265 4.024
Quadratic 1.000 4.504E16 2 20 .000 6.923E-16 8.000E-5 -3.715E-26
Exponential .953 422.171 1 21 .000 1.448 1.894E-5
The independent variable is Total Budgeted Allowance.
MBA (Evening) Page 14
15. Properties of Linear Equation
A linear equation in two variables is an equation which may be written in the standard form
ax + by = c
Where a, b and c are constants. The Linear Equation can also be written in the Y-Intercept form
y = mx + c where m, and c are real numbers.
The graph of a linear equation is a non-vertical line with slope m and y-intercept c.
The x-intercept occurs when y = 0.
Therefore we find the x-intercept by solving mx + b = 0.
The y-intercept occurs when x = 0.
Therefore the y-intercept is c.
Some Application of Linear Equation
1. Temperature Conversion
2. Exchange Rate Calculation
3. Cell Phone Charges Calculation
4. Simple Interest Calculation
5. Salaries & Wages Computation
MBA (Evening) Page 15
16. Contributed by
ABDUL WASEEM
ABDUL WASEEM
Reg # 55475
Reg # 55475
Production Manager
INTERGLOBE ENTERPRISES
Commercial Importer
MBA (Evening) Page 16
17. APPLICATION OF MATRICES TO BUSINESS
What is a matrix?
A matrix is a two dimensional arrangement of numbers in row and columns enclosed by a pair
of square bracket ([ ]), in the form shown blow
11 12 13
21 22 23
31 32 33
Subject of matrix has been researched and expanded by the work of many mathematicians,
who have found numerous applications of matrices in various disciplines such as Economics,
Engineering, Statistics and various other sciences.
In this project the following applications to matrices will be discussed:
Application of Matrix Addition and Subtraction
Application of Matrix Multiplication
Application of System of Linear Equation
Application of Matrix Addition and Subtraction
The applications of addition and subtraction of matrices can be illustrated through the following
examples.
1. The quarterly sales of silicon sealant clear, Black and White for the year 2009 and 2010
are given below.
Year 2009
20 25 22 20
A = 10 20 18 10
15 20 15 15
Year 2010
10 15 20 20
B = 5 20 18 10
8 30 15 10
Find the total quarterly sale of clear, Black and White for the two year.
20 25 22 20 10 15 20 20
A + B = 10 20 18 10 + 5 20 18 10
15 20 15 15 8 30 15 10
MBA (Evening) Page 17
18. 30 40 42 40
A + B = 15 40 33 40
23 50 30 25
Interglobe Enterprises has the following sale position of its product A and B, at its two centers
Karachi and Lahore at the end of the year.
50 45
A=
60 70
If the sales for the first three months is given as
30 15
B=
20 20
Find the sales position for the last nine months
50 45 30 15
A–B= -
60 70 20 20
20 30
=
40 50
Application of Matrix Multiplication
The application of multiplication of matrices can be illustrated through the following example.
Interglobe Enterprises produce three products A, B and C requiring the mix of three materials
X, Y and Z. The requirement (per unit) of each product for each material is as follows.
2 3 1
M= 4 2 5
2 4 2
Let per unit cost of material X, Y and Z are represented by 3x1 matrixes as under:
[5]
C = [10]
[5]
With the help of matrix multiplication per unit cost of production of each product would be
calculated as under.
2 3 1 [5]
Cost = 4 2 5 x [10]
2 4 2 [5]
[45]
Cost = [65]
[60]
The total cost of production of the firm produces 200 units of each product would be given as:
MBA (Evening) Page 18
19. [45]
Total cost = [200 200 200] x [65]
[60]
The total cost of production will be Rs. 34,000
Application of System of Linear Equation:
The following examples can be used to illustrate the common method of solving system of linear
equation the result from applied business problems.
Interglobe Enterprises uses three types of material M1, M2 and M3, for producing
three types of chemicals product C1, C2 and C3. The chemical requirement (in
Kgs) for each type of chemicals is given blow.
Chemicals
C1 C2 C3
Material 2 3 4
1 1 2
3 2 1
Determine the number of chemical product of each type which can be produced using 29, 13
and 16 kgs of material of the three types respectively.
Solution:
Let X, Y and Z denote the number of chemical product that can be produced of each type. Then
we have
The above information can be represented using the matrix method, as under.
3 2 4 = 29
1 1 2 = 13
3 2 1 = 16
The above equation can be solved using Gauss Jordan Elimination method.
X + y + 2z=13 eq # 1
Y=3 eq # 2
-5z=-20 eq # 3
Hence the solution is:
X=2, y=3 and z=4
Verification
2(2) +3 (3) +4(4) = 29
2+3+2 (4) = 13
3(2) +2(3) +4 = 16
MBA (Evening) Page 19
20. Contributed by
SIDRA IQBAL
SIDRA IQBAL
Reg # 54134
Reg # 54134
Phone Banking Officer
MEEZAN BANK LIMITED
Banking Service Industry
MBA (Evening) Page 20
22. Denim Fabric from China
Rs. 180,000.00
Rs. 160,000.00
Rs. 140,000.00
Rs. 120,000.00
Value in PKR
Rs. 100,000.00
Rs. 80,000.00
Rs. 60,000.00
Rs. 40,000.00
Rs. 20,000.00
Rs. 0.00
- 3,000 6,000 9,000 12,000 15,000 18,000 21,000 24,000 27,000
Quantity Imported
MBA (Evening) Page 22
23. SPSS Model Summary and Parameter Estimates
Dependent Variable: Quantity Purchased
Model Summary Parameter Estimates
Equation R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1 b2 b3
Linear .869 153.037 1 23 .000 4.198E3 .133
Logarithmic .978 1.011E3 1 23 .000 -8.792E4 9.339E3
Quadratic .950 210.443 2 22 .000 -400.894 .298 -9.040E-7
Cubic .973 253.645 3 21 .000 -5.345E3 .572 -4.426E-6 1.220E-11
Compound .403 15.525 1 23 .001 3.849E3 1.000
Exponential .403 15.525 1 23 .001 3.849E3 1.344E-5
The independent variable is Values in PKR.
MBA (Evening) Page 23
24. Rules for Logarithmic Function
1) logb(mn) = logb(m) + logb(n)
m
2) logb( /n) = logb(m) – logb(n)
n
3) logb(m ) = n · logb(m)
Some Application of Logarithmic Function
1. Interest Rate Calculations
2. Mortgage Calculations
3. Population growth function
4. Radioactive Decay Problems
5. Earthquake Problems
MBA (Evening) Page 24
25. Contributed by
AYESHA KHAN
AYESHA KHAN
Reg # 54465
Reg # 54465
Business Development Officer
TRADE POLYMERZ (PVT) LIMITED
Trading Commercial Organization
MBA (Evening) Page 25
27. SPSS Model Summary and Parameter Estimates
Dependent Variable: Quantity.
Model Summary Parameter Estimates
Equation R Square F df1 df2 Sig. Constant b1 b2
Linear .790 37.616 1 10 .000 -59.568 .000
Logarithmic .778 35.101 1 10 .000 -987.635 82.941
Quadratic .886 34.821 2 9 .000 633.721 -.007 1.759E-8
Growth .802 40.544 1 10 .000 -.208 1.696E-5
Exponential .802 40.544 1 10 .000 .812 1.696E-5
The independent variable is Rate.
Some Application of Quadratic Function
1. Maximum Profit & Maximum Revenue
2. Minimum Cost Calculation
3. Break-even Point for Optimum Production
4. Salaries with other Benefits Computation
5. Electricity Consumption Model
MBA (Evening) Page 27
28. Properties of Quadratic Function
A quadratic function, in mathematics, is a polynomial function of the form
Properties of Graphs of Quadratic Functions
1. The graph of a quadratic function f(x) = ax + bx + c is called a parabola.
2. If a > 0, the parabola opens upward; if a < 0, the parabola opens downward.
3. The lowest point of a parabola (when a > 0) or the highest point (when a < 0) is called
the vertex.
Properties of Quadratic Formula
Value of the discriminant Type and number of Solutions Example of graph
Positive Discriminant
Two Real Solutions
If the discriminant is a perfect
b² − 4ac > 0 square the roots are rational.
Otherwise, they are irrational.
Discriminant is Zero
One Real Solution
b² − 4ac = 0
Negative Discriminant
No Real Solutions
b² − 4ac < 0 Two Imaginary Solutions
MBA (Evening) Page 28
29. References/Sources
Essential Mathematics for Economics & Business by Teresa Bradly.
Applied Mathematics for Business, Economics and the Social
Sciences by Frank S. Budnick.
All the above mentioned Organizations’ databases.
Internet Search Engine www.google.com.
PAF-KIET site www.pafkiet.edu.pk.
SPSS Software.
Microsoft Excel Tools.
The End
------
MBA (Evening) Page 29