The document outlines a statistics project conducted by a group of students at Taylor's University analyzing the understanding level of male and female students regarding cardiovascular disease. It includes an introduction to cardiovascular disease in Malaysia, the objectives and methodology of the student's survey, statistical analysis of the survey results, and conclusions drawn from the data. The group surveyed 250 students, collecting data on their understanding of topics like symptoms, diagnostics, statistics on cardiovascular disease in Malaysia.
How much do you know about the most prevalent diseases that affect us as Americans everyday? Do you know how to prevent them? How about what actions to take when you see someone suffereing from one, like a stroke of a heart attack? You don't need to be a doctor to know that these diseases are important and knowing some basic medical information can be nothing but beneficial.
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...gpartha85
National reports point towards disparities in the utilization of preventive care services but sparse literature exists regarding predicting utilization pattern of preventive care services.
METHODS: The 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample survey of the ambulatory civilian US population, was analyzed to determine demographic patterns of utilization. Recommendations by JNC-VII and NCEP were used to determine guideline adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol checkup respectively. Utilization of blood pressure screening and cholesterol checkup services were used as the dependent variable while age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance status, perceived health status were used as independent variables. Since guidelines differ for people with elevated blood pressure, respondents with elevated blood pressure were identified in the MEPS database by self-reported diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population, chi-square analysis was used to determine the group differences for the categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to predict odds of utilizing appropriate preventive se!
rvices. All analysis was carried out using SAS v9.1.
RESULTS: Total number of adult respondents was 20,434 of which data was available for blood pressure checkup for 20,187 respondents and 15,784 respondents for cholesterol checkup. Overall, respondents were found to adhere to guideline recommendations for getting the blood pressure (n=17,959, 89.0%) and cholesterol (n=14,956, 94.7%) check-up done. A univariate chi-square analysis showed statistically significant differences across all independent variables between people who utilized the preventive care service and those who didn t for blood pressure checkup (p<0><0>65) had much higher odds of using the blood pressure (OR=2.815, CI=2.317-3.420 ) and cholesterol (OR=3.190, CI=2.396-4.!
249 ) preventive services. Males had much lower odds of getting blood pressure (OR=0.350, CI=0.318-0.384) and cholesterol (OR=0.597, CI=0.516-0.692) checks done compared to females. Odds of utilization were nearly similar for all races. Uninsured had lower odds for blood pressure (OR=0.282, CI=0.253-0.315) and cholesterol (OR=0.314, CI=0.262-0.376) use compared to privately insured people.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall MEPS respondents adhered to blood pressure and cholesterol check up guidelines. The study was however successful in identifying existing age, race, income, insurance status related disparities in US population.
Impact of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and its associated disabilityK M Kamrul Hasan
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world wide and a major cause of disability in the elderly. Stroke remains the leading cause of serious, long-term neurologic impairment and functional disability. Stroke is often a catastrophic event affecting all aspects of an individual’s life. The impact of stroke on a patient is usually unanticipated and often devastating, requiring major adjustment in lifestyle and psychology of stroke survivors. Estimating and understanding disability following stroke should be a high priority in health care. To better characterize stroke-related disability, health care professionals should use a conceptual model of disablement and measure functions across all domains of disablement.
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...gpartha85
-To characterize the utilization pattern of preventive care services impacting cardiovascular outcomes in a U.S population using a national database
-To predict the trends in cardiovascular preventive care services in a U.S. population
How much do you know about the most prevalent diseases that affect us as Americans everyday? Do you know how to prevent them? How about what actions to take when you see someone suffereing from one, like a stroke of a heart attack? You don't need to be a doctor to know that these diseases are important and knowing some basic medical information can be nothing but beneficial.
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...gpartha85
National reports point towards disparities in the utilization of preventive care services but sparse literature exists regarding predicting utilization pattern of preventive care services.
METHODS: The 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS), a national probability sample survey of the ambulatory civilian US population, was analyzed to determine demographic patterns of utilization. Recommendations by JNC-VII and NCEP were used to determine guideline adherence to blood pressure and cholesterol checkup respectively. Utilization of blood pressure screening and cholesterol checkup services were used as the dependent variable while age, gender, race, ethnicity, insurance status, perceived health status were used as independent variables. Since guidelines differ for people with elevated blood pressure, respondents with elevated blood pressure were identified in the MEPS database by self-reported diagnosis. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the population, chi-square analysis was used to determine the group differences for the categorical variables. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to predict odds of utilizing appropriate preventive se!
rvices. All analysis was carried out using SAS v9.1.
RESULTS: Total number of adult respondents was 20,434 of which data was available for blood pressure checkup for 20,187 respondents and 15,784 respondents for cholesterol checkup. Overall, respondents were found to adhere to guideline recommendations for getting the blood pressure (n=17,959, 89.0%) and cholesterol (n=14,956, 94.7%) check-up done. A univariate chi-square analysis showed statistically significant differences across all independent variables between people who utilized the preventive care service and those who didn t for blood pressure checkup (p<0><0>65) had much higher odds of using the blood pressure (OR=2.815, CI=2.317-3.420 ) and cholesterol (OR=3.190, CI=2.396-4.!
249 ) preventive services. Males had much lower odds of getting blood pressure (OR=0.350, CI=0.318-0.384) and cholesterol (OR=0.597, CI=0.516-0.692) checks done compared to females. Odds of utilization were nearly similar for all races. Uninsured had lower odds for blood pressure (OR=0.282, CI=0.253-0.315) and cholesterol (OR=0.314, CI=0.262-0.376) use compared to privately insured people.
CONCLUSIONS: Overall MEPS respondents adhered to blood pressure and cholesterol check up guidelines. The study was however successful in identifying existing age, race, income, insurance status related disparities in US population.
Impact of cerebrovascular accident (CVA) and its associated disabilityK M Kamrul Hasan
Stroke is the third leading cause of death in the world wide and a major cause of disability in the elderly. Stroke remains the leading cause of serious, long-term neurologic impairment and functional disability. Stroke is often a catastrophic event affecting all aspects of an individual’s life. The impact of stroke on a patient is usually unanticipated and often devastating, requiring major adjustment in lifestyle and psychology of stroke survivors. Estimating and understanding disability following stroke should be a high priority in health care. To better characterize stroke-related disability, health care professionals should use a conceptual model of disablement and measure functions across all domains of disablement.
Predicting Trends in Preventive Care Service Utilization Impacting Cardiovasc...gpartha85
-To characterize the utilization pattern of preventive care services impacting cardiovascular outcomes in a U.S population using a national database
-To predict the trends in cardiovascular preventive care services in a U.S. population
Background: Sexual health is one aspect of daily life that becomes affected after an individual suffers from coronary artery diseases. Sexual health assessment is an important aspect in assessing general health of patients with coronary artery diseases. Patients often express their concern about sexual well-being after coronary artery diseases but they rarely receive sexual health-related information. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess Jordanian patients with coronary artery diseases toward sexual health and resuming sexual health activities. Methods: A descriptive, correlational and longitudinal design was used. A convenience sample of 90 patients with coronary artery diseases was enrolled. The study was conducted at one university-affiliated hospital and one public hospital in Amman. Patients’ knowledge about sexual health was assessed using Sex after Myocardial Infarction Knowledge Test- Cardiac version. Results: The majority of patients (65.6%) were diagnosed with MI, male (76.7%) and above 45 years (78.9%). Most patients (72.2%) had a CAD for five years or less. Patients acknowledged the importance of sexual health assessment but they rarely receive sexual health information. The results revealed that patients’ knowledge was limited regarding certain aspects of sexual health (M=13.74, SD= 3.26) at phase one and most patients (55.6%) had moderate knowledge. The results indicated that patients’ knowledge had significantly improved at second phase. Conclusions: Sexual health is an important concern for patients with coronary artery diseases that need to be addressed after recovery. Results of the study showed that sexual health remains an important issue for both patients with coronary artery disease and their health care providers. Continuing education for nurses and health education for patients regarding sexual health should be considered in health institutions.
ABSTRACT: Evaluation of morbidity profile among elderly people will help in the application of intervention to improve the health status of elderly. Communicable diseases do not show a fixed pattern of change with the age of man. However,non-communicable diseases like hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus ,musculoskeletal disorders,refractive errors, etc and their related complications become more prevalent in the elderly. Research showed that average number of morbidities per person was 2.77 among the elderly people of rural India. Elderly people are suffering from various physical,mental ,social and economical problems.It is essential to havegeriatric units with specialized professionals in the health care centres. Regular health check-up camps should be organized at old age homes. Insurance scheme should be implemented. Health problems of elderly should be tackled with psycho-social intervention. The present study was done to review the literature on geriatric morbidity. KEY WORDS: morbidity, geriatrics, review
Exploring the Relationship between the Platelet Indices and Psychosocial Morb...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Exploring the Relationship between the Platelet Indices and Psychosocial Morbidity in Elderly Patients at a Rural Medical College Hospital by Sunil Kumar in Geriatrics studies Journal
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the I...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the Influence of Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Jahandideh S*, Jahandideh M, Asefzadeh S and Ziaee A in COJ Nursing & Healthcare
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital B...CrimsonpublishersMedical
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital Based Study by Manjunadh Muralleedharan in Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences
There was a time when Man was the son of nature, interacting and part of the whole process of life. Then, as his fate, man progressed, invented, produced, flourished and finally prevailed on earth. He created artificial systems in which he lived, and at times seemed so close to being protected and safe from any natural phenomenal impact. Then he realized that his own creation, byproducts, beside his aggression against his own kind were being his enemy. In recent years, disasters increased in frequency, where grade 4 or more, hurricanes attacked the southern parts of the USA, as well in Asia. Large ice bergs cracked in Greenland, North and South poles, dissolving in the sea. There is an increase or rise of the Sea level, although it is few cms a year but it became a reality
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eaes/fulltext/EAES.000501.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/eaes/
Background: Sexual health is one aspect of daily life that becomes affected after an individual suffers from coronary artery diseases. Sexual health assessment is an important aspect in assessing general health of patients with coronary artery diseases. Patients often express their concern about sexual well-being after coronary artery diseases but they rarely receive sexual health-related information. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess Jordanian patients with coronary artery diseases toward sexual health and resuming sexual health activities. Methods: A descriptive, correlational and longitudinal design was used. A convenience sample of 90 patients with coronary artery diseases was enrolled. The study was conducted at one university-affiliated hospital and one public hospital in Amman. Patients’ knowledge about sexual health was assessed using Sex after Myocardial Infarction Knowledge Test- Cardiac version. Results: The majority of patients (65.6%) were diagnosed with MI, male (76.7%) and above 45 years (78.9%). Most patients (72.2%) had a CAD for five years or less. Patients acknowledged the importance of sexual health assessment but they rarely receive sexual health information. The results revealed that patients’ knowledge was limited regarding certain aspects of sexual health (M=13.74, SD= 3.26) at phase one and most patients (55.6%) had moderate knowledge. The results indicated that patients’ knowledge had significantly improved at second phase. Conclusions: Sexual health is an important concern for patients with coronary artery diseases that need to be addressed after recovery. Results of the study showed that sexual health remains an important issue for both patients with coronary artery disease and their health care providers. Continuing education for nurses and health education for patients regarding sexual health should be considered in health institutions.
ABSTRACT: Evaluation of morbidity profile among elderly people will help in the application of intervention to improve the health status of elderly. Communicable diseases do not show a fixed pattern of change with the age of man. However,non-communicable diseases like hypertension, Diabetes Mellitus ,musculoskeletal disorders,refractive errors, etc and their related complications become more prevalent in the elderly. Research showed that average number of morbidities per person was 2.77 among the elderly people of rural India. Elderly people are suffering from various physical,mental ,social and economical problems.It is essential to havegeriatric units with specialized professionals in the health care centres. Regular health check-up camps should be organized at old age homes. Insurance scheme should be implemented. Health problems of elderly should be tackled with psycho-social intervention. The present study was done to review the literature on geriatric morbidity. KEY WORDS: morbidity, geriatrics, review
Exploring the Relationship between the Platelet Indices and Psychosocial Morb...CrimsonPublishersGGS
Exploring the Relationship between the Platelet Indices and Psychosocial Morbidity in Elderly Patients at a Rural Medical College Hospital by Sunil Kumar in Geriatrics studies Journal
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the I...Crimsonpublisherscojnh
The Use of Artificial Neural Network and Logistic Regression to Predict the Influence of Lifestyle on Cardiovascular Risk Factors by Jahandideh S*, Jahandideh M, Asefzadeh S and Ziaee A in COJ Nursing & Healthcare
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital B...CrimsonpublishersMedical
Medical Co Morbidities in Patients of Frontal Temporal Dementia -A Hospital Based Study by Manjunadh Muralleedharan in Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences
There was a time when Man was the son of nature, interacting and part of the whole process of life. Then, as his fate, man progressed, invented, produced, flourished and finally prevailed on earth. He created artificial systems in which he lived, and at times seemed so close to being protected and safe from any natural phenomenal impact. Then he realized that his own creation, byproducts, beside his aggression against his own kind were being his enemy. In recent years, disasters increased in frequency, where grade 4 or more, hurricanes attacked the southern parts of the USA, as well in Asia. Large ice bergs cracked in Greenland, North and South poles, dissolving in the sea. There is an increase or rise of the Sea level, although it is few cms a year but it became a reality
https://crimsonpublishers.com/eaes/fulltext/EAES.000501.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Environmental Analysis & Ecology Studies
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/eaes/
Copyright 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxmelvinjrobinson2199
Copyright 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control
and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years
A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeff D. Williamson, MD, MHS; Mark A. Supiano, MD; William B. Applegate, MD, MPH; Dan R. Berlowitz, MD; Ruth C. Campbell, MD, MSPH;
Glenn M. Chertow, MD; Larry J. Fine, MD; William E. Haley, MD; Amret T. Hawfield, MD; Joachim H. Ix, MD, MAS; Dalane W. Kitzman, MD;
John B. Kostis, MD; Marie A. Krousel-Wood, MD; Lenore J. Launer, PhD; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH;
Christianne L. Roumie, MD, MPH; Ronald I. Shorr, MD, MS; Kaycee M. Sink, MD, MAS; Virginia G. Wadley, PhD; Paul K. Whelton, MD;
Jeffrey Whittle, MD; Nancy F. Woolard; Jackson T. Wright Jr, MD, PhD; Nicholas M. Pajewski, PhD; for the SPRINT Research Group
IMPORTANCE The appropriate treatment target for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in older
patients with hypertension remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of intensive (<120 mm Hg) compared with standard
(<140 mm Hg) SBP targets in persons aged 75 years or older with hypertension
but without diabetes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients aged
75 years or older who participated in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).
Recruitment began on October 20, 2010, and follow-up ended on August 20, 2015.
INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg
(intensive treatment group, n = 1317) or an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg (standard
treatment group, n = 1319).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary cardiovascular disease outcome was a
composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a
myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death
from cardiovascular causes. All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome.
RESULTS Among 2636 participants (mean age, 79.9 years; 37.9% women), 2510 (95.2%)
provided complete follow-up data. At a median follow-up of 3.14 years, there was a
significantly lower rate of the primary composite outcome (102 events in the intensive
treatment group vs 148 events in the standard treatment group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.66
[95% CI, 0.51-0.85]) and all-cause mortality (73 deaths vs 107 deaths, respectively; HR, 0.67
[95% CI, 0.49-0.91]). The overall rate of serious adverse events was not different between
treatment groups (48.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 48.3% in the standard
treatment group; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]). Absolute rates of hypotension were 2.4% in
the intensive treatment group vs 1.4% in the standard treatment group (HR, 1.71 [95% CI,
0.97-3.09]), 3.0% vs 2.4%, respectively, for syncope (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.76-2.00]), 4.0% vs
2.7% for electrolyte abnormalities (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 0.99-2.33]), 5.5% vs 4.0% for acute
kidney injury (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.98-2.04]), and 4.9% vs 5.5% for inj.
Copyright 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserv.docxbobbywlane695641
Copyright 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.
Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control
and Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes in Adults Aged ≥75 Years
A Randomized Clinical Trial
Jeff D. Williamson, MD, MHS; Mark A. Supiano, MD; William B. Applegate, MD, MPH; Dan R. Berlowitz, MD; Ruth C. Campbell, MD, MSPH;
Glenn M. Chertow, MD; Larry J. Fine, MD; William E. Haley, MD; Amret T. Hawfield, MD; Joachim H. Ix, MD, MAS; Dalane W. Kitzman, MD;
John B. Kostis, MD; Marie A. Krousel-Wood, MD; Lenore J. Launer, PhD; Suzanne Oparil, MD; Carlos J. Rodriguez, MD, MPH;
Christianne L. Roumie, MD, MPH; Ronald I. Shorr, MD, MS; Kaycee M. Sink, MD, MAS; Virginia G. Wadley, PhD; Paul K. Whelton, MD;
Jeffrey Whittle, MD; Nancy F. Woolard; Jackson T. Wright Jr, MD, PhD; Nicholas M. Pajewski, PhD; for the SPRINT Research Group
IMPORTANCE The appropriate treatment target for systolic blood pressure (SBP) in older
patients with hypertension remains uncertain.
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of intensive (<120 mm Hg) compared with standard
(<140 mm Hg) SBP targets in persons aged 75 years or older with hypertension
but without diabetes.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A multicenter, randomized clinical trial of patients aged
75 years or older who participated in the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT).
Recruitment began on October 20, 2010, and follow-up ended on August 20, 2015.
INTERVENTIONS Participants were randomized to an SBP target of less than 120 mm Hg
(intensive treatment group, n = 1317) or an SBP target of less than 140 mm Hg (standard
treatment group, n = 1319).
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary cardiovascular disease outcome was a
composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome not resulting in a
myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, nonfatal acute decompensated heart failure, and death
from cardiovascular causes. All-cause mortality was a secondary outcome.
RESULTS Among 2636 participants (mean age, 79.9 years; 37.9% women), 2510 (95.2%)
provided complete follow-up data. At a median follow-up of 3.14 years, there was a
significantly lower rate of the primary composite outcome (102 events in the intensive
treatment group vs 148 events in the standard treatment group; hazard ratio [HR], 0.66
[95% CI, 0.51-0.85]) and all-cause mortality (73 deaths vs 107 deaths, respectively; HR, 0.67
[95% CI, 0.49-0.91]). The overall rate of serious adverse events was not different between
treatment groups (48.4% in the intensive treatment group vs 48.3% in the standard
treatment group; HR, 0.99 [95% CI, 0.89-1.11]). Absolute rates of hypotension were 2.4% in
the intensive treatment group vs 1.4% in the standard treatment group (HR, 1.71 [95% CI,
0.97-3.09]), 3.0% vs 2.4%, respectively, for syncope (HR, 1.23 [95% CI, 0.76-2.00]), 4.0% vs
2.7% for electrolyte abnormalities (HR, 1.51 [95% CI, 0.99-2.33]), 5.5% vs 4.0% for acute
kidney injury (HR, 1.41 [95% CI, 0.98-2.04]), and 4.9% vs 5.5% for inj.
1. In the ACCORD trial, Intensive glycemic therapy (goal glycated h.pdfagaramjareld
1. In the ACCORD trial, Intensive glycemic therapy (goal: glycated hemoglobin <6%) increased
all-cause mortality compared with Standard glycemic therapy ( goal: glycated hemoglobin 7.0
7.9%).
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 2
Question 21 pts
2. Atherosclerosis is rarely confined to a single organ such as the heart, brain or kidneys.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 3
Question 31 pts
3. The biggest burden resulting from high BP is in which one of the following world regions:
Group of answer choices
Africa
Asia
Europe (Eastern and Western)
North America
Flag question: Question 4
Question 41 pts
4. Often, heart failure remains asymptomatic (silent) until cardiac decompensation occurs.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 5
Question 51 pts
5. In reports of large event-based randomized controlled trials, the contents of Table 1 usually
provides which one of the following types of information:
Group of answer choices
The extent to which subgroup analyses are valid
The type of study design used to conduct the trial
The characteristics of the study sample
The rates of the primary and secondary endpoints
Flag question: Question 6
Question 61 pts
6. When using an absolute risk prediction equation, the following is an accurate and appropriate
way to interpret a 10-year risk estimate of 5% for a patient:
Your risk of having a cardiovascular event in the next 10 years is 5%.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 7
Question 71 pts
7. In the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP), new onset diabetes was significantly less common
in the group randomized to metformin treatment compared with the group randomized to
lifestyle modification with a goal of weight loss and increased physical activity).
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 8
Question 81 pts
8. In adults, systolic blood pressure (BP) is a better predictor of CVD compared to diastolic BP.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 9
Question 91 pts
9. Between 2000 and 2010, the prevalence of hypertension declined in high-income countries
but increased in middle- and low-income countries.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 10
Question 101 pts
10. The SPRINT trial was stopped early due to an excess of serious adverse events among the
participants randomized to intensive BP treatment.
Group of answer choices
True
False
Flag question: Question 11
Question 111 pts
11. In the 2010 global estimates report by Mills et al, which one of the following best
approximates the percentage of adults in middle- and low-income countries who had
hypertension and were being treated and controlled with antihypertensive drug therapy to a
systolic/diastolic blood pressure <140/90 mm Hg?
Group of answer choices
>50%
>40%
>30%
<20%
Flag question: Question 12
Question 121 pts
12. In the Systolic Blood Pressure Trial (SPRINT), intensive blood pressure treatment
significantly red.
Final Research Report Integrated FNBE 0115 Taylor's UniversityTamZhaoWei
Comparison of Similar Business at Different Geographical Locations
Traditional Chinese Medical Hall
Cze Kong Medical Hall & Sundry, Klang Valley
Chop Yan Tuck Medical Hall, Seremban
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How libraries can support authors with open access requirements for UKRI fund...
Maths Final Compilation
1. School of Architecture, Building and Design
Foundation in Natural and Built Environment
Mathematics (MTH30104)
Project 2: Statistics
Group Members:
Madeline Liew (0322150)
Lee Yet Yee (0322328)
Tam Zhao Wei (0322587)
Heng Sy Hua (0321999)
Yeap Phay Shian (0322243)
3. INTRODUCTION
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (Malaysian Health Ministry) has been
more concern with cardiovascular diseases due to this chronic disease
being the main cause of death in Malaysia. According to the World
Health Organization (WHO), the death rate for cardiovascular disease
in Malaysia is 36% in 2014. This disease takes up approximately 1/3 of
the total deaths. Even so, Malaysians are still not aware of the negative
consequences and solutions of this disease.
Cardiovascular disease is a general term that describes a disease of the
heart of blood vessels. This disease is divided into four main types. It
occurs when the blood flow to a part of the heart which is blocked by a
blood clot.
The survey conducted is to analyze the understanding level of female
and male students in Taylor’s University about cardiovascular disease.
Therefore, the survey forms were distributed and later gathered to
analyze the statistical data collected. The data are then compiled and
presented as an infographic poster to allow the public to grasp the
understanding level of male and female towards this disease.
Reference:
World Health Organization - Noncommunicable Diseases (NCD)
Country Profiles, 2014
http://www.who.int/nmh/countries/mys_en.pdf
4. OBJECTIVES
This survey allows us to be involved in collecting, interpreting and
analyzing statistical data. Furthermore, it also enable us to be aware
of the understanding level of male and female in Taylor’s University
on cardiovascular disease by drawing a conclusion from our survey.
The objectives that we hope to achieve through this survey are:
¬ To raise the awareness of Taylor’s University students on
cardiovascular disease.
¬ To collect the data and observe the level of understanding of
students in Taylor’s University on cardiovascular disease in the
age range of 16-20, 21-25, 26-30, <30.
¬ To analyze the data and to be able to draw a conclusion
through the understanding and applying various mathematical
principles.
5. METHODOLOGY
Preparation
Before distributing the survey forms, a meeting was held to discuss
on setting the questions and the topic that will be carried out in the
survey. The conclusion was to investigate on cardiovascular disease
as this disease causes the highest death rate in Malaysia. The
questions are separated into 15 questions into 3 parts that are
general questions, causes and effects and solutions. In detail, 11
questions are set for the general part and 2 questions each for
causes and effects and solutions. The reason that the questions was
prepared in this format is because how well the students in Taylor’s
University know in which aspect, that is either general, causes and
effects, or solutions has to be concluded. Lastly, 250 copies of survey
forms are printed and each group member will distribute 50 copies
respectively. The 250 copies of survey forms are distributed equally
for both genders. Having a total of 125 survey forms distributed to
the male students and 125 survey forms to the female students.
Later on, all 250 of the survey forms were sorted according to their
gender. Moreover, charts and tables were created based on the
statistics compiled for all 15 questions. The average for the data for
each category were calculated by using the method, mean. The
formula for mean is as follow:
6. PROCESS PICTURES
Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3
Figure 4 Figure 5
Figure 6
Figure 1-5 shows each of
the group members
distributing survey forms to
the students and them
filing it up at Taylor’s
University’s library.
Figure 6 displays group
members analyzing and
tabulating the data from
survey forms.
8. General Questions:
Question 1:How many main types of cardiovascular diseases are there?
Answer: 4
There are four main types of
CVD. They are:
• coronary heart disease
• stroke
• peripheral arterial disease
• aortic disease
32.0 % of male got the
correct answer, while 32.8%
of female got the correct
answer. While others chose 3
for their answer due to their
uncertainty.
Female has a slightly higher
understanding in the types of
cardiovascular diseases.
Question 2: Which of the following is a cardiovascular disease?
Answer: Stroke
A stroke is a serious medical
condition that occurs when the
blood supply to part of the
brain is cut off.
Like all organs, the brain
needs a constant supply of
oxygen and nutrients to
function properly. This is
provided by the blood, so if
your blood flow is restricted or
stopped, brain cells will begin
to die. This can cause brain
damage and possibly death.
61.6 % of male got the correct
answer, while 64.0% of female got the correct answer. Others chose lymphatic diseases as their
answer as they do not know much about CVD.
Female has a slightly higher understanding in identifying cardiovascular diseases.
Question 1 Female Male
Answer 3 4 3 4
No. of response 46 41 49 40
Percentage (%) 36.8 32.8 39.2 32
Question 2 Female Male
Answer Stroke Lymphatic diseases Stroke Lymphatic diseases
No. of Response 80 34 77 35
Percentage (%) 64 27.2 61.6 28
0
10
20
30
40
3 4
Female Male
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
Stroke Lymphatic diseases
Female Male
9. Question 3: What is the most common type of heart disease?
Answer: Coronary artery disease
Coronary heart disease (CHD)
occurs when the flow of oxygen-
rich blood to your heart is
blocked or reduced by a build-up
of fatty material (atheroma) in
the coronary arteries.
44.0% of male got the correct
answer, while 46.4% of female
got the correct answer. Others
chose irregular heart rhythm as
their answer as this type of
disease is more recognisable to
the public.
Female has a slightly higher understanding in recognising common type cardiovascular diseases.
Question 4:
Cardiovascular disease takes up the largest portion of death in Malaysia that is:
Answer: 36%
56.8 % of male got the correct answer, while
46.8 % of female got the correct answer.
Others chose 21% as they do not keep in track
of health report datas.
Male has a higher understanding in the latest statistic of cardiovascular disease.
Question 3 Female Male
Answer Irregular Heart
Rhythm
Coronary artery
disease
Irregular Heart
Rhythm
Coronary artery
disease
No. of Response 23 58 17 55
Percentage (%) 18.4 46.4 13.6 44
Question 4 Female Male
Answer 21% 36% 21% 36%
No. of Response 24 61 22 71
Percentage (%) 19.2 46.8 17.6 56.8
0
12.5
25
37.5
50
Irregular Heart Rhythm Coronary Heart diseases
Female Male
0
15
30
45
60
21% 36%
Female Male
10. Question 5: What are the symptoms?
Answer: All of the above (Chest pain, shortness of breath, pain in upper abdomen or back)
Cardiovascular disease is
caused by narrowed, blocked or
stiffened blood vessels that
prevent your heart, brain or other
parts of your body from receiving
enough blood. Cardiovascular
disease symptoms may be
different for men and women.
For instance, men are more
likely to have chest pain; women
are more likely to have
symptoms such as shortness of
breath, nausea and extreme
fatigue.
60.0 % of male got the correct
answer, while 68.0 % of female
got the correct answer. While
some of them chose chest pain
as they do not know the other
symptoms.
Female has a higher
understanding in the symptoms of cardiovascular diseases.
Question
5
Female Male
Answer Chest
Pain
Shortness
in breath
Pain in
upper
abdomen
or back
All of the
above
Chest
Pain
Shortness
in breath
Pain in
upper
abdomen
or back
All of the
above
No. of
Response
25 12 6 82 23 14 13 75
Percenta
ge (%)
20 9.6 4.8 65.6 18.4 11.2 10.4 60
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
C
hestPain
Shortness
in
breathPain
in
upperabdom
en
orbackAllofthe
above
Female Male
11. Question 6:
CT Scanning and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) can be used to detect cardiovascular
disease.
Answer: True
The MRI test can show your heart’s structure (muscle,
valves and chambers) and how well blood flows
through your heart and major vessels.
MRI of the heart lets your doctor see if your heart is
damaged from a heart attack, or if there is lack of
blood flow to the heart muscle because of narrowed
or blocked arteries.
A CT scan can be used to visualize nearly all parts of
the body and is used to diagnose disease or injury as
well as to plan medical, surgical or radiation
treatment.
70.4 % of male got the correct answer, while 66.4 %
of female got the correct answer.
Male understand more about diagnosing cardiovascular disease using latest technology.
Question 7:
The statistic of women dying due to a heart attack in Malaysia is 1/4.
Answer: True
In Malaysia, one in four women die of a heart
attack, a trend that has remained consistent over
the last decade. The total number of deaths from
heart disease is reportedly 2.5 times higher than
that of all types of cancers combined.
The older a woman gets, the more likely she is to
get heart disease, especially during the
menopause.
49.6% of male got the correct answer, while
63.2% of female got the correct answer. Other are
not sure of the statistic in Malaysia as most of the
articles features US’s data.
Female understand more about the statistics of women dying due to heart attack.
Question 6 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 83 42 88 37
Percentage (%) 66.4 33.6 70.4 29.6
Question 7 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 79 46 62 63
Percentage (%) 63.2 36.8 49.6 50.4
0
20
40
60
80
True False
Female Male
0
20
40
60
80
True False
Female Male
12. Question 8:
The golden time in rescuing a patient suffering in a sudden cardiovascular disease is 2
hours.
Answer: False
The Golden Hour is a critical time because the
heart muscle starts to die within 80-90 minutes
after it stops getting blood, and within six hours,
almost all the affected parts of the heart could be
irreversibly damaged according to Dr Manoj
Agarwal.
36.8 % of male got the correct answer, while 53.6
% of female got the correct answer.
Female can identify the golden time better than
male.
Question 9:
Cardiovascular disease can occur in children.
Answer: True
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a defect, or
abnormality of the heart or blood vessels near the
heart, and not a disease, so many people use the
term “congenital heart defect”. The majority of
children born today with CHD will survive and with
proper treatment be able to lead a normal or near-
normal life. Some kinds of CHD are mild and may
not be diagnosed in infancy according to the
World Heart Federation.
72.8 % of male got the correct answer, while 76.8
% of female got the correct answer. Some thinks
that CVD only occurs in adults so that chose the
wrong answer.
Female’s understanding is slightly better than male about the occurring of cardiovascular disease in
children.
Question 8 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 67 58 46 79
Percentage (%) 53.6 46.4 36.8 63.2
Question 9 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 96 29 91 34
Percentage (%) 76.8 23.2 72.8 27.2
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
True False
Female Male
0
20
40
60
80
True False
Female Male
13. Question 10:
The heart stops beating during a heart attack.
Answer: False
A heart attack is when blood flow to the heart is
blocked, the heart usually does not stop beating
during a heart attack.
Most of the people believe that the heart stops
during a heart attack, but actually it is a myth.
Both male and female with percentage of 48 got
the correct answer.
Both gender have the same understanding
towards the general fact of heart attack.
Question 11:
Obesity has the largest risk factor for heart disease.
Answer: False
The important risk factors for heart disease are
uncontrolled high blood pressure, high
cholesterol and smoking. Staying inactive is
also one of the risk factor.
Both gender have a lower percentage of
getting correct answer, that is male 30.4 % and
female 20.8 %.
This may be their misunderstanding about
obesity and it’s relation with heart disease.
Thus, this is the question that most of them got
wrong.
Question 10 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 60 65 60 65
Percentage (%) 48 52 48 52
Question 11 Female Male
Answer TRUE FALSE TRUE FALSE
No. of Response 26 99 38 87
Percentage (%) 20.8 79.2 30.4 69.6
47
48.25
49.5
50.75
52
True False
Female Male
0
20
40
60
80
True False
Female Male
14. Causes & Effects Questions:
Question 12: What causes cardiovascular diseases?
I. Inheritance
II. Exposure to UV rays
III. Lack of exercise
Answer:
i. Inheritance
iii. Lack of exercise
Physical activity protects you by regulating your
weight and improving your body’s use of insulin.
Being active is beneficial for your blood pressure,
which is powerful promoter of cardiovascular
disease. If both parents have suffered from heart
disease before the age of 55, the risk of developing
heart disease can rise to 50% compared to the
general population.
48.0 % of male got the correct answer, while 47.2
% of female got the correct answer.
Male’s understanding is slightly better than female
regarding the causes of cardiovascular disease.
Question 12 Female Male
Answer i,iii ii,iii All i,iii ii,iii All
No. of
Response
59 26 40 57 23 45
Percentage
(%)
47.2 20.8 32 45.6 18.4 36
0
12.5
25
37.5
50
i,iii ii,iii All
Female Male
15. Question 13:
What are the effects of this disease?
i. Irregular heart rhythm
ii. Congestive heart failure
iii. Cancer
Answer:
i. Irregular heart rhythm
ii. Congestive heart failure
The indirect effects of cardiovascular disease
stem from changes in the heart muscle as a result
of sudden decreased blood flow, which leads to
cardiac arrest and some irregular heart rhythms,
or gradually decreased flow, which can cause
congestive heart failure and other irregular heart
rhythms.
51.2 % of male got the correct answer, while 53.6
% of female got the correct answer.
Female’s understanding in the effects of
cardiovascular diseases is slightly better than
male.
Question 13 Female Male
Answer i,ii ii,iii All i,ii ii,iii All
No. of
Response
67 24 34 62 20 43
Percentage
(%)
53.6 19.2 27.2 49.6 16 34.4
0
15
30
45
60
i,ii ii,iii All
Female Male
16. Solutions Questions:
Question 14:
What are the physical treatments that can be performed at home?
i. Do more exercise
ii. Eat healthy food
iii. Stay indoors
Answer:
i. Do more exercises
ii. Eat healthy food
Exercise helps you achieve and maintain a healthy
weight and control diabetes, elevated cholesterol
and high blood pressure — all risk factors for heart
disease.
A heart-healthy diet based on fruits, vegetables and
whole grains — and low in saturated fat,
cholesterol, sodium and added sugar — can help
you control your weight, blood pressure and
cholesterol.
56.8 % of male got the correct answer, while 64.0
% of female got the correct answer.
Female understand more in the physical treatments
that can be performed at home of cardiovascular diseases than male.
Question 14 Female Male
Answer i,ii ii,iii All i,ii ii,iii All
No. of
Response
80 16 29 72 19 34
Percentage
(%)
64 12.8 23.2 57.6 15.2 27.2
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
i,ii ii,iii All
Female Male
17. Question 15:
What are the treatments that can be performed at the hospital?
i. Clot Buster Drug
ii.Heart Transplant
iii. Antiplatelet Drugs
Answer: All of the above
Antiplatelet drugs are used to treat heart
disease. They are a group of powerful
medications that prevent the formation of blood
clots.
Clot buster drugs, or thrombolytic therapy, are a
type of heart medication given in the hospital
through the veins (intravenous) to break up
blood clots.
A heart transplant is an operation to replace a
damaged or failing heart with a healthy human
heart from a donor who has recently died.
46.4 % of male got the correct answer, while
56.8 % of female got the correct answer.
Female understand more in the treatments that can be performed at the hospital of cardiovascular
diseases than male.
Question 15 Female Male
Answer i,ii ii,iii All i,ii ii,iii All
No. of
Response
20 28 77 33 34 58
Percentage
(%)
16 22.4 61.6 26.4 27.2 46.4
0
17.5
35
52.5
70
i,ii ii,iii All
Female Male
18. Conclusion
In a nutshell, our main purpose for this survey is to investigate and analysis on the
level of understanding of cardiovascular disease among students in Taylor’s University.
We targeted 250 students where 125 are males and 125 are females. We also categorized
the age range of all the target to 4 groups (aged 16-20, 21-25 ,26-30, >30) .As for the
question , we divided it into 3 parts , general , causes and effects and
preventions .However, It is a shocking result where the overall marks for all 250 targets is
only 8/15 .
Apart from that, we also can conclude that female students in Taylor’s University has
a higher understanding of Cardiovascular disease than male students where the
percentage is 54.03% over 50.99% . Through the statistic that we have obtained, we also
found that there is a misconception in female students as they think that the golden time
in rescuing a patient suffering in heart attack is 2 hours where the correct answer is 80
minutes instead of 2 hours. This observation can be clearly shown through question No.8
where the percentage of female students answer true is 53.6% but the percentage for
false (which is the true answer is only 46.4%). Additionally, there is also question where
the percentage of female and male students answered correctly is the same .This is
question No. 10 and the percentage is 52.0%.
Moreover, the overall number of questions which female understand more is far
higher than male which is 13/15 over 2/15. This is a disappointing result as we can
conclude that most of the male students in Taylor’s University do not have enough
knowledge in cardiovascular disease. This can be dangerous as they may not able to
prevent themselves from having cardiovascular disease effectively in the future. For
example, question No.11 in the survey stated that the greatest risk for heart disease is
obesity which is false but only 69.6% of male students answered it correctly in compared
to female students whose percentage is 79.2%.
It is beyond shadow of a doubt that, this survey has clearly shown the level of
understanding of cardiovascular disease among students in Taylor’s University. The
statistics are not quite where and this proved that the authorities still need to work hand
in hand and improve the current situation drastically so that the youth can prevent
themselves from being a victim in cardiovascular disease in the future .
19. Appendix:
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http://www.nhs.uk/conditions/cardiovascular-disease/Pages/Introduction.aspx
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Heart disease. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2015, from http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/heart-disease/basics/symptoms/con-20034056
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Magnetic-Resonance-Imaging-MRI_UCM_441632_Article.jsp#.VipnR0JUQnU
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procedures/ct-scan/basics/definition/prc-20014610
FIONA, H. (2013, September 29). Healthy hearts - Health | The Star Online. Retrieved October 15,
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MyHeartandStrokeNews/Heart-Attack-or-Sudden-Cardiac-Arrest-How-Are-They-
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Cardiovascular disease risk factors. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2015, from http://www.world-
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Cardiovascular Disease Causes and Treatments. (n.d.). Retrieved October 15, 2015, from http://
www.healthcentral.com/heart-disease/faq-44666-69_2.html
How To Prevent and Control Coronary Heart Disease Risk Factors. (2015, June 9). Retrieved
October 15, 2015, from http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/hd/prevent
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www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-treatment-care