Abstract Crystallization is a complex and critical chemical engineering process which is carried out for high purity products in process industry. Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) is commodity chemical, it is principal raw material mainly used in Polyester industry. During production process of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA), crystallization process is used to separate crystals from water. Crystalline materials generally have a high degree of purity even when obtained from a relatively impure solution. Control of crystal size distribution (CSD) is an end objective in PTA crystallization process. To fulfill CSD, needs the mathematical model based optimization for PTA unit, developed mathematical model is solved in gPROMS (general PROcess Modeling System).In present work, research achievement are batch crystallization modeling, simulation, optimization & parameter estimation. Within the proposed control strategy, a dynamic optimization is performed to obtain optimal cooling temperature profile of batch crystallizer, maximizing the total volume of seeded crystals. Simulation is implemented to track the resulting optimal temperature profile. Keywords: Purified Terephthalic Acid process, Mathematical model, Batch Crystallizer, simulation, gPROMS
Experimental investigation of chemical etching on different materials using n...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, the experimental work is done on different materials EN5 Steel and EN32 steel. Chemical etching technique is used for this purpose. These both materials are used for the low pressure dies or plastic dies. For the preparing of these dies the complex parts of dies are to be prepared by chemical etching technique. During the machining with chemical etching technique the overcut area of material is caused. In this experimentation minimum overcut area is concluded for best machining. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the influence of time, temperature and concentration on minimum overcut area of the material. The experiments was conducted to varying the parameters of etching process like temperature from 180c to 220c, Time from 2 hrs to 6 hrs and concentration 8% to 12% are studied in details according to Taguchi's design of experiments. At last results are analyzed using Taguchi, ANOVA and parametric optimization is done for minimum overcut area of material. From the experimentation, it is concluded that for etching of EN5 steel and EN32 steel, optimum machining condition for minimum overcut area with Time (2hrs), Temperature (180c), and Concentration (8%). Keywords: ANOVA, OVERCUT AREA, TAGUCHI, ETCHING, EN5 STEEL, EN32 STEEL
Dynamics Behaviour of Multi Storeys Framed Structures by of Iterative Method AM Publications
Dynamics refers to the branch of mechanics that deals with the movement of objects and the forces that drive that movement. Structural analysis which covers the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to find dynamic displacements, time history, and the frequency content of the load. One analysis technique for calculating the linear response of structures to dynamic loading is a modal analysis. In modal analysis, we decompose the response of the structure into several vibration modes. A mode is defined by its frequency and shape. Structural engineers call the mode with the shortest frequency (the longest period) the fundamental mode. This paper presents a study on mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection of multi storied framed structures by comparison of stodola’s and Holzer method. This study involves in examination of theoretical investigations of multi storied framed structures. Overall four storey multi storied framed structures and two methods were analysed & comparison of all the mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection at the critical cross-section with same configuration loading by keeping all other parameters constant. The theoretical data are calculated using code IS 1893, IS 4326, IS 13920. The all storey mass and stiffens are analysed under the cantilever condition. The research project aims to provide which method is most accuracy to find the mode shape, spring force deflection and inertia force. The studies reveal that the theoretical investigations Stodola’s method is most accuracy compare to the Holzer method. The maximum mode shape, spring force, spring deflection and inertia force is 87.29%, 80 %, 89% and 72% is higher the Stodola’s method compare than Holzer method in same configuration.
Performance of Soft Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash with Natural Fiber Reinforceme...AM Publications
The use of clay as a landfill cover system is a choice of alternative materials that are widely used in almost all the existing landfill system in Indonesia and in the world. In addition to the relatively low cost of procurement is also available in almost all regions in Indonesia. However, alternative reliable overburden landfills has not been much discussed and researched. The purpose of this study is to design an ideal final cover layer landfill technically and mechanically. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and palm oil fiber (POF) between 10% of fly ash and 0.5% of POF can enhance the mechanical value of soils. the compressive strength of soils increase from 39.4 kPa to 89.0 kPa or rose by 129%, decreasing the value of soil hydraulic conductivity is to be 1,2x10-7 from the initial value of 1,17x10-6 or decreased by 850.4%, increase in soil friction angle of 8.55° to 24 °, and lowering the soil liquid limit of 33.48% to 24.5%, decreasing of swelling potential of 8 % to only 1.5% at the end of the wetting cycle, reduce the cracking intensity factor (CIF) from 1.96% to zero cracks. Mechanical behavior is heavily influenced by the nature of fly ash which has of a small water absorption and change the water in the soil for the pozzolanic reaction and produce calcium hydrate silica (CSH), in which the reaction is to form granules (binder) in the soil so that the soil becomes dense and hard, while palm oil fiber have cellulose and lignin as dominant compounds that tend to have high water absorption but serves to strengthen the fiber tensile force between the fibers and the soils surface due to adhesion forces so that the soil is not easily collapse and reduce the potential shrinkages and cracking of the soils.
The Effect of Milling Times and Annealing on Synthesis of Strontium Titanate ...AM Publications
Analysis of microstructure of Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) phase obtained by milling and annealing of
SrCO3 and TiO2 precursors. However, the material properties for strontium titanate require a careful control of
crystallite structure as well as microstructure design to meet a specific application. The mixture of strontium
carbonate (SrCO3) and tintanium oxide (TiO2) powders was used to obtain SrTiO3 phase by using vibrator ball mill
with ball to powder ratio 10:1 and heat treatment processes. The size of powder particles was determined by a laser
particle analyzer (PSA). The X-ray diffraction methods were used for qualitative, quantitative phase analyses and for
crystallite size and lattice distortion determination. The milling process of strontium carbonate and tintanium oxide
mixture causes decrease of the mean particle size and crystallite size of involved phases. The X-ray diffraction
investigations of SrCO3 and TiO2 mixture milled for 60 hours and annealed at 900°C with 24 h of holding time
enabled the identification of SrTiO3 phase. Annealing the sample of the particles at 900 0C has resulted in a dense
compact and promoted the formation of particles containing nanocrystallites. The crystallite-growth samples of
SrTiO3 phase were dependent on temperature and time of their annealing
Process Parameter Optimization for Resistance Spot Welding using Response Sur...ijtsrd
Quality of product and process are mainly depends upon their process parameters and their levels selected for design and manufacturing. So, it is important to decide optimal levels of process parameters to get desired output variables. The study focuses on finding out optimal levels of process parameters in Resistance Spot Welding RSW and its effect on tensile strength and nugget diameter. The Response Surface Methodology RSM is employed for multi objective optimization of responses for maximizing tensile strength and minimizing nugget diameter. Response optimizer with desirability function is found for optimum results of response surface methodology. Analysis of variance ANOVA is carried out for analyzing contribution of each process parameter on the performance of RSW. Manjunath R. Rawal | Vaibhav Varane | Rakesh R. Kolhapure ""Process Parameter Optimization for Resistance Spot Welding using Response Surface Methdology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23151.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23151/process-parameter-optimization-for-resistance-spot-welding-using-response-surface-methdology/manjunath-r-rawal
Experimental investigation of chemical etching on different materials using n...eSAT Journals
Abstract In this paper, the experimental work is done on different materials EN5 Steel and EN32 steel. Chemical etching technique is used for this purpose. These both materials are used for the low pressure dies or plastic dies. For the preparing of these dies the complex parts of dies are to be prepared by chemical etching technique. During the machining with chemical etching technique the overcut area of material is caused. In this experimentation minimum overcut area is concluded for best machining. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is employed to investigate the influence of time, temperature and concentration on minimum overcut area of the material. The experiments was conducted to varying the parameters of etching process like temperature from 180c to 220c, Time from 2 hrs to 6 hrs and concentration 8% to 12% are studied in details according to Taguchi's design of experiments. At last results are analyzed using Taguchi, ANOVA and parametric optimization is done for minimum overcut area of material. From the experimentation, it is concluded that for etching of EN5 steel and EN32 steel, optimum machining condition for minimum overcut area with Time (2hrs), Temperature (180c), and Concentration (8%). Keywords: ANOVA, OVERCUT AREA, TAGUCHI, ETCHING, EN5 STEEL, EN32 STEEL
Dynamics Behaviour of Multi Storeys Framed Structures by of Iterative Method AM Publications
Dynamics refers to the branch of mechanics that deals with the movement of objects and the forces that drive that movement. Structural analysis which covers the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to find dynamic displacements, time history, and the frequency content of the load. One analysis technique for calculating the linear response of structures to dynamic loading is a modal analysis. In modal analysis, we decompose the response of the structure into several vibration modes. A mode is defined by its frequency and shape. Structural engineers call the mode with the shortest frequency (the longest period) the fundamental mode. This paper presents a study on mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection of multi storied framed structures by comparison of stodola’s and Holzer method. This study involves in examination of theoretical investigations of multi storied framed structures. Overall four storey multi storied framed structures and two methods were analysed & comparison of all the mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection at the critical cross-section with same configuration loading by keeping all other parameters constant. The theoretical data are calculated using code IS 1893, IS 4326, IS 13920. The all storey mass and stiffens are analysed under the cantilever condition. The research project aims to provide which method is most accuracy to find the mode shape, spring force deflection and inertia force. The studies reveal that the theoretical investigations Stodola’s method is most accuracy compare to the Holzer method. The maximum mode shape, spring force, spring deflection and inertia force is 87.29%, 80 %, 89% and 72% is higher the Stodola’s method compare than Holzer method in same configuration.
Performance of Soft Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash with Natural Fiber Reinforceme...AM Publications
The use of clay as a landfill cover system is a choice of alternative materials that are widely used in almost all the existing landfill system in Indonesia and in the world. In addition to the relatively low cost of procurement is also available in almost all regions in Indonesia. However, alternative reliable overburden landfills has not been much discussed and researched. The purpose of this study is to design an ideal final cover layer landfill technically and mechanically. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and palm oil fiber (POF) between 10% of fly ash and 0.5% of POF can enhance the mechanical value of soils. the compressive strength of soils increase from 39.4 kPa to 89.0 kPa or rose by 129%, decreasing the value of soil hydraulic conductivity is to be 1,2x10-7 from the initial value of 1,17x10-6 or decreased by 850.4%, increase in soil friction angle of 8.55° to 24 °, and lowering the soil liquid limit of 33.48% to 24.5%, decreasing of swelling potential of 8 % to only 1.5% at the end of the wetting cycle, reduce the cracking intensity factor (CIF) from 1.96% to zero cracks. Mechanical behavior is heavily influenced by the nature of fly ash which has of a small water absorption and change the water in the soil for the pozzolanic reaction and produce calcium hydrate silica (CSH), in which the reaction is to form granules (binder) in the soil so that the soil becomes dense and hard, while palm oil fiber have cellulose and lignin as dominant compounds that tend to have high water absorption but serves to strengthen the fiber tensile force between the fibers and the soils surface due to adhesion forces so that the soil is not easily collapse and reduce the potential shrinkages and cracking of the soils.
The Effect of Milling Times and Annealing on Synthesis of Strontium Titanate ...AM Publications
Analysis of microstructure of Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) phase obtained by milling and annealing of
SrCO3 and TiO2 precursors. However, the material properties for strontium titanate require a careful control of
crystallite structure as well as microstructure design to meet a specific application. The mixture of strontium
carbonate (SrCO3) and tintanium oxide (TiO2) powders was used to obtain SrTiO3 phase by using vibrator ball mill
with ball to powder ratio 10:1 and heat treatment processes. The size of powder particles was determined by a laser
particle analyzer (PSA). The X-ray diffraction methods were used for qualitative, quantitative phase analyses and for
crystallite size and lattice distortion determination. The milling process of strontium carbonate and tintanium oxide
mixture causes decrease of the mean particle size and crystallite size of involved phases. The X-ray diffraction
investigations of SrCO3 and TiO2 mixture milled for 60 hours and annealed at 900°C with 24 h of holding time
enabled the identification of SrTiO3 phase. Annealing the sample of the particles at 900 0C has resulted in a dense
compact and promoted the formation of particles containing nanocrystallites. The crystallite-growth samples of
SrTiO3 phase were dependent on temperature and time of their annealing
Process Parameter Optimization for Resistance Spot Welding using Response Sur...ijtsrd
Quality of product and process are mainly depends upon their process parameters and their levels selected for design and manufacturing. So, it is important to decide optimal levels of process parameters to get desired output variables. The study focuses on finding out optimal levels of process parameters in Resistance Spot Welding RSW and its effect on tensile strength and nugget diameter. The Response Surface Methodology RSM is employed for multi objective optimization of responses for maximizing tensile strength and minimizing nugget diameter. Response optimizer with desirability function is found for optimum results of response surface methodology. Analysis of variance ANOVA is carried out for analyzing contribution of each process parameter on the performance of RSW. Manjunath R. Rawal | Vaibhav Varane | Rakesh R. Kolhapure ""Process Parameter Optimization for Resistance Spot Welding using Response Surface Methdology"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23151.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23151/process-parameter-optimization-for-resistance-spot-welding-using-response-surface-methdology/manjunath-r-rawal
On preemptive resume versus non preemtive disciplines relevant to monopoly se...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of chemical etching on en 5 steel using nitric acideSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of nanofluids and mass flow rate of air on heat transfer rate in autom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis and design of mold for plastic side release buckle using moldflow so...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lcaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As per the growing demands of wireless communication there is enormous new technologies participating to make sophisticated environment for an end user. In a recent survey of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) it was found that the number of mobile phone subscribers has exceeds seven billion subscriptions at the end of 2014 using more than 10 to 15 internet utility apps which is more than the entire population of planet. To serve this increasing number and size of wireless communication system the German physicist – Harald Haas proposed a “Li–Fi technology” which he calls “Data through illumination” or “D-Light”. Li-Fi is a new approach of VLC which has much more similar working of a OFC communication system providing data rates of ten’s of Gbps. In this technology data is interpreted by the LED’s ON/OFF concepts.
This paper gives a brief focus on Li-Fi technology, it’s working principal, some misconceptions about Li-Fi and related researches like Nobel Prize winning Blue Light emitting diode, Optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receiver, etc.
Keywords: Li- Fi, VLC, Visible light communication, photo detector, optoelectronic integrated circuit, OEIC receiver, AP.
Application of ann for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beams with transverse
reinforcement is investigated in this paper. An ANN model is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 216 RC beams
collected from the literature also the experimental data of twenty seven fly ash concrete beams under shear. The experimental shear
strength were also compared to those obtained using building codal equations and empirical equations proposed by various
researchers. The ANN model was found to predict satisfactorily when compared to available analytical predictions.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Building codes, Comparison, Charts, Empirical Equations, Fly ash
Concrete, Shear Strength.
Application of ann for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beams with transverse
reinforcement is investigated in this paper. An ANN model is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 216 RC beams
collected from the literature also the experimental data of twenty seven fly ash concrete beams under shear. The experimental shear
strength were also compared to those obtained using building codal equations and empirical equations proposed by various
researchers. The ANN model was found to predict satisfactorily when compared to available analytical predictions.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Building codes, Comparison, Charts, Empirical Equations, Fly ash
Concrete, Shear Strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger ef...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract The corrugated plate heat exchangers are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sinusoidal plate heat exchangers are one of the types of corrugated plate heat exchanger. Limited research work has been carried out in this type of plate heat exchanger. In the present investigation, experimental studies have been carried out in a sinusoidal corrugated plate heat exchanger with water as the test fluid. The plate heat exchanger is fabricated with two stainless steel sheets having a thickness of 1 mm forming a test channel with a clearance of 5 mm and of length 30cm. 3 such plate heat exchangers have been fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40 and 50 degrees. It has been observed from the experimental results that the corrugation angle is mainly affecting the pressure drop and the friction factor. As the corrugation angle is increases, the pressure drop of the fluid is found to increase, which results in decrease in friction factor. These observations have been discussed in the paper. Keywords: sinusoidal plate heat exchanger, corrugation angle, pressure drop, and friction factor
-
Numerical and experimental study of a solar water heater for enhancement in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Largest commercial application amongst the various solar collectors is the solar flat plate collectors mainly due to its simple design as well as low maintenance cost. Numerical analysis of the solar water heater which involves conduction and convection due to radiation heat transfer using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool has not been the focus of study so far. It is generally understood that sinusoidal flow passage tends to increase turbulence which in turn increases convective heat transfer. The advantage of using straight absorber tube over sinusoidal absorber tube on the thermal behavior of the solar water heater needs to be explored as a design prescription. In the study presented in this paper it is noted from the experimental and numerical analysis that the straight tube configuration has better performance than that of sinusoidal pipe configuration.
Keywords: Sinusoidal tube, Solar water heater, Convective heat transfer, Computational fluid dynamics.
Optimization of time step and cfd study of combustion in di diesel engineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Innovative strategies for energy optimizationeSAT Journals
Abstract Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and the CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g. photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. The multi-energy system represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid. In this study the performances of a multi-energy system in dynamic regime have been evaluated and a comparison with a conventional system has been performed. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25% respectively and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as case of study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, Flywheels and Micro-Caes). Keywords: Multi-Energy System, Cost of Energy, Energy Storage
On preemptive resume versus non preemtive disciplines relevant to monopoly se...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental investigation of chemical etching on en 5 steel using nitric acideSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of nanofluids and mass flow rate of air on heat transfer rate in autom...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis and design of mold for plastic side release buckle using moldflow so...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Life cycle assessment of construction materials using eio lcaeSAT Journals
Abstract
As per the growing demands of wireless communication there is enormous new technologies participating to make sophisticated environment for an end user. In a recent survey of International Telecommunication Union (ITU) it was found that the number of mobile phone subscribers has exceeds seven billion subscriptions at the end of 2014 using more than 10 to 15 internet utility apps which is more than the entire population of planet. To serve this increasing number and size of wireless communication system the German physicist – Harald Haas proposed a “Li–Fi technology” which he calls “Data through illumination” or “D-Light”. Li-Fi is a new approach of VLC which has much more similar working of a OFC communication system providing data rates of ten’s of Gbps. In this technology data is interpreted by the LED’s ON/OFF concepts.
This paper gives a brief focus on Li-Fi technology, it’s working principal, some misconceptions about Li-Fi and related researches like Nobel Prize winning Blue Light emitting diode, Optoelectronic integrated circuit (OEIC) receiver, etc.
Keywords: Li- Fi, VLC, Visible light communication, photo detector, optoelectronic integrated circuit, OEIC receiver, AP.
Application of ann for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beams with transverse
reinforcement is investigated in this paper. An ANN model is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 216 RC beams
collected from the literature also the experimental data of twenty seven fly ash concrete beams under shear. The experimental shear
strength were also compared to those obtained using building codal equations and empirical equations proposed by various
researchers. The ANN model was found to predict satisfactorily when compared to available analytical predictions.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Building codes, Comparison, Charts, Empirical Equations, Fly ash
Concrete, Shear Strength.
Application of ann for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beamseSAT Journals
Abstract
The application of artificial neural networks (ANN) for ultimate shear strength of fly ash concrete beams with transverse
reinforcement is investigated in this paper. An ANN model is built, trained and tested using the available test data of 216 RC beams
collected from the literature also the experimental data of twenty seven fly ash concrete beams under shear. The experimental shear
strength were also compared to those obtained using building codal equations and empirical equations proposed by various
researchers. The ANN model was found to predict satisfactorily when compared to available analytical predictions.
Keywords: Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Building codes, Comparison, Charts, Empirical Equations, Fly ash
Concrete, Shear Strength.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchanger ef...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Experimental studies on pressure drop in a sinusoidal plate heat exchangereSAT Journals
Abstract The corrugated plate heat exchangers are widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries. Sinusoidal plate heat exchangers are one of the types of corrugated plate heat exchanger. Limited research work has been carried out in this type of plate heat exchanger. In the present investigation, experimental studies have been carried out in a sinusoidal corrugated plate heat exchanger with water as the test fluid. The plate heat exchanger is fabricated with two stainless steel sheets having a thickness of 1 mm forming a test channel with a clearance of 5 mm and of length 30cm. 3 such plate heat exchangers have been fabricated with corrugation angles of 30, 40 and 50 degrees. It has been observed from the experimental results that the corrugation angle is mainly affecting the pressure drop and the friction factor. As the corrugation angle is increases, the pressure drop of the fluid is found to increase, which results in decrease in friction factor. These observations have been discussed in the paper. Keywords: sinusoidal plate heat exchanger, corrugation angle, pressure drop, and friction factor
-
Numerical and experimental study of a solar water heater for enhancement in t...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Largest commercial application amongst the various solar collectors is the solar flat plate collectors mainly due to its simple design as well as low maintenance cost. Numerical analysis of the solar water heater which involves conduction and convection due to radiation heat transfer using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) as a tool has not been the focus of study so far. It is generally understood that sinusoidal flow passage tends to increase turbulence which in turn increases convective heat transfer. The advantage of using straight absorber tube over sinusoidal absorber tube on the thermal behavior of the solar water heater needs to be explored as a design prescription. In the study presented in this paper it is noted from the experimental and numerical analysis that the straight tube configuration has better performance than that of sinusoidal pipe configuration.
Keywords: Sinusoidal tube, Solar water heater, Convective heat transfer, Computational fluid dynamics.
Optimization of time step and cfd study of combustion in di diesel engineeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Innovative strategies for energy optimizationeSAT Journals
Abstract Optimization of energy production systems is a relevant issue that must be considered in order to follow the fossil fuels consumption reduction policies and the CO2 emission regulation. Increasing electricity production from renewable resources (e.g. photovoltaic systems and wind farms) is desirable but its unpredictability is a cause of problems for the main grid stability. The multi-energy system represents an efficient solution, by realizing an interface among renewable energy sources, energy storage systems and conventional power generators. Direct consequences of multi-energy systems are wider energy flexibility and benefits for the electric grid. In this study the performances of a multi-energy system in dynamic regime have been evaluated and a comparison with a conventional system has been performed. The results show how this innovative energetic approach can provide a cost reduction in power supply and energy fees of 40% and 25% respectively and CO2 emission decrease attained around 18%. Furthermore, the multi-energy system taken as case of study has been optimized through the utilization of three different type of energy storage (Pb-Ac batteries, Flywheels and Micro-Caes). Keywords: Multi-Energy System, Cost of Energy, Energy Storage
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Cfd analysis of calandria based nuclear reactor part i. modeling & analysis o...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
An approach to evaluate the heat exchanger retrofit for installed industrial ...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper is the first part of a two-part study aiming to introduce a new integrated approach to evaluate the techno-economic value of recuperator retrofit on existing gas turbine engines. The original gas turbines are designed for combined cycles so that the pressure ratios are moderate to secure suitable exhaust temperatures. One way to enhance the thermal efficiency of some gas turbines is by using recuperation to recover some of the exhaust heat. In this part, the developed model is described and implemented for two gas turbine engines so the obtained characteristics are evaluated against the actual data. The new approach will assist users to select the suitable gas turbine models with favorable recuperator characteristics based on a technical and economic prospective. Besides, the performance results are used to design an appropriate shell and tube heat exchanger. Moreover, a new technique has been established to define the typical heat exchanger parameters in order to ensure the highest possible improvements over the original cycles. One of the main features of this method is that it depends only on the velocity of hot and cold heat exchanger streams from which the rest of the heat exchanger design and performance characteristics were derived. Key Words: integrated approach, techno-economic value, recuperation, shell and tube heat exchanger, velocity
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Model formulation and Analysis of Total Weight of Briquettes after mixing for...IJERA Editor
This paper presents model formulation with analysis of Total Weight of Briquettes after mixing for Briquette making
operation. A briquette is a block of flammable material used as fuel to start and maintain a fire. Agro Waste or Biomass
briquetting is the densification of loose material to produce compact solid composites of different sizes with the application
of pressure. Briquetting of residues takes place with the application of pressure, heat and binding agent on the loose
materials to produce the briquettes. The model is formulated for total weight of briquettes after mixing for briquette making
operation along with optimization, sensitivity, reliability and ANN simulation.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Similar to Mathematical modeling & dynamics study of batch crystallizer for purified terephthalic acid (pta) crystallization process using g proms (20)
Mechanical properties of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete for pavementseSAT Journals
Abstract
The effect of addition of mono fibers and hybrid fibers on the mechanical properties of concrete mixture is studied in the present
investigation. Steel fibers of 1% and polypropylene fibers 0.036% were added individually to the concrete mixture as mono fibers and
then they were added together to form a hybrid fiber reinforced concrete. Mechanical properties such as compressive, split tensile and
flexural strength were determined. The results show that hybrid fibers improve the compressive strength marginally as compared to
mono fibers. Whereas, hybridization improves split tensile strength and flexural strength noticeably.
Keywords:-Hybridization, mono fibers, steel fiber, polypropylene fiber, Improvement in mechanical properties.
Material management in construction – a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to understand about all the problems occurring in the company because of improper application
of material management. In construction project operation, often there is a project cost variance in terms of the material, equipments,
manpower, subcontractor, overhead cost, and general condition. Material is the main component in construction projects. Therefore,
if the material management is not properly managed it will create a project cost variance. Project cost can be controlled by taking
corrective actions towards the cost variance. Therefore a methodology is used to diagnose and evaluate the procurement process
involved in material management and launch a continuous improvement was developed and applied. A thorough study was carried
out along with study of cases, surveys and interviews to professionals involved in this area. As a result, a methodology for diagnosis
and improvement was proposed and tested in selected projects. The results obtained show that the main problem of procurement is
related to schedule delays and lack of specified quality for the project. To prevent this situation it is often necessary to dedicate
important resources like money, personnel, time, etc. To monitor and control the process. A great potential for improvement was
detected if state of the art technologies such as, electronic mail, electronic data interchange (EDI), and analysis were applied to the
procurement process. These helped to eliminate the root causes for many types of problems that were detected.
Managing drought short term strategies in semi arid regions a case studyeSAT Journals
Abstract
Drought management needs multidisciplinary action. Interdisciplinary efforts among the experts in various fields of the droughts
prone areas are helpful to achieve tangible and permanent solution for this recurring problem. The Gulbarga district having the total
area around 16, 240 sq.km, and accounts 8.45 per cent of the Karnataka state area. The district has been situated with latitude 17º 19'
60" North and longitude of 76 º 49' 60" east. The district is situated entirely on the Deccan plateau positioned at a height of 300 to
750 m above MSL. Sub-tropical, semi-arid type is one among the drought prone districts of Karnataka State. The drought
management is very important for a district like Gulbarga. In this paper various short term strategies are discussed to mitigate the
drought condition in the district.
Keywords: Drought, South-West monsoon, Semi-Arid, Rainfall, Strategies etc.
Life cycle cost analysis of overlay for an urban road in bangaloreeSAT Journals
Abstract
Pavements are subjected to severe condition of stresses and weathering effects from the day they are constructed and opened to traffic
mainly due to its fatigue behavior and environmental effects. Therefore, pavement rehabilitation is one of the most important
components of entire road systems. This paper highlights the design of concrete pavement with added mono fibers like polypropylene,
steel and hybrid fibres for a widened portion of existing concrete pavement and various overlay alternatives for an existing
bituminous pavement in an urban road in Bangalore. Along with this, Life cycle cost analyses at these sections are done by Net
Present Value (NPV) method to identify the most feasible option. The results show that though the initial cost of construction of
concrete overlay is high, over a period of time it prove to be better than the bituminous overlay considering the whole life cycle cost.
The economic analysis also indicates that, out of the three fibre options, hybrid reinforced concrete would be economical without
compromising the performance of the pavement.
Keywords: - Fatigue, Life cycle cost analysis, Net Present Value method, Overlay, Rehabilitation
Laboratory studies of dense bituminous mixes ii with reclaimed asphalt materialseSAT Journals
Abstract
The issue of growing demand on our nation’s roadways over that past couple of decades, decreasing budgetary funds, and the need to
provide a safe, efficient, and cost effective roadway system has led to a dramatic increase in the need to rehabilitate our existing
pavements and the issue of building sustainable road infrastructure in India. With these emergency of the mentioned needs and this
are today’s burning issue and has become the purpose of the study.
In the present study, the samples of existing bituminous layer materials were collected from NH-48(Devahalli to Hassan) site.The
mixtures were designed by Marshall Method as per Asphalt institute (MS-II) at 20% and 30% Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP).
RAP material was blended with virgin aggregate such that all specimens tested for the, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II (DBM-II)
gradation as per Ministry of Roads, Transport, and Highways (MoRT&H) and cost analysis were carried out to know the economics.
Laboratory results and analysis showed the use of recycled materials showed significant variability in Marshall Stability, and the
variability increased with the increase in RAP content. The saving can be realized from utilization of recycled materials as per the
methodology, the reduction in the total cost is 19%, 30%, comparing with the virgin mixes.
Keywords: Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement, Marshall Stability, MS-II, Dense Bituminous Macadam-II
Laboratory investigation of expansive soil stabilized with natural inorganic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Soil stabilization has proven to be one of the oldest techniques to improve the soil properties. Literature review conducted revealed
that uses of natural inorganic stabilizers are found to be one of the best options for soil stabilization. In this regard an attempt has
been made to evaluate the influence of RBI-81 stabilizer on properties of black cotton soil through laboratory investigations. Black
cotton soil with varying percentages of RBI-81 viz., 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 percent were studied for moisture density relationships
and strength behaviour of soils. Also the effect of curing period was evaluated as literature review clearly emphasized the strength
gain of soils stabilized with RBI-81 over a period of time. The results obtained shows that the unconfined compressive strength of
specimens treated with RBI-81 increased approximately by 250% for a curing period of 28 days as compared to virgin soil. Further
the CBR value improved approximately by 400%. The studies indicated an increasing trend for soil strength behaviour with
increasing percentage of RBI-81 suggesting its potential applications in soil stabilization.
Influence of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block masonry p...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Reinforced masonry was developed to exploit the strength potential of masonry and to solve its lack of tensile strength. Experimental
and analytical studies have been carried out to investigate the effect of reinforcement on the behavior of hollow concrete block
masonry prisms under compression and to predict ultimate failure compressive strength. In the numerical program, three dimensional
non-linear finite elements (FE) model based on the micro-modeling approach is developed for both unreinforced and reinforced
masonry prisms using ANSYS (14.5). The proposed FE model uses multi-linear stress-strain relationships to model the non-linear
behavior of hollow concrete block, mortar, and grout. Willam-Warnke’s five parameter failure theory has been adopted to model the
failure of masonry materials. The comparison of the numerical and experimental results indicates that the FE models can successfully
capture the highly nonlinear behavior of the physical specimens and accurately predict their strength and failure mechanisms.
Keywords: Structural masonry, Hollow concrete block prism, grout, Compression failure, Finite element method,
Numerical modeling.
Influence of compaction energy on soil stabilized with chemical stabilizereSAT Journals
Abstract
Increase in traffic along with heavier magnitude of wheel loads cause rapid deterioration in pavements. There is a need to improve
density, strength of soil subgrade and other pavement layers. In this study an attempt is made to improve the properties of locally
available loamy soil using twin approaches viz., i) increasing the compaction of soil and ii) treating the soil with chemical stabilizer.
Laboratory studies are carried out on both untreated and treated soil samples compacted by different compaction efforts. Studies
show that increase in compaction effort results in increase in density of soil. However in soil treated with chemical stabilizer, rate of
increase in density is not significant. The soil treated with chemical stabilizer exhibits improvement in both strength and performance
properties.
Keywords: compaction, density, subgradestabilization, resilient modulus
Geographical information system (gis) for water resources managementeSAT Journals
Abstract
Water resources projects are inherited with overlapping and at times conflicting objectives. These projects are often of varied sizes
ranging from major projects with command areas of millions of hectares to very small projects implemented at the local level. Thus,
in all these projects there is seldom proper coordination which is essential for ensuring collective sustainability.
Integrated watershed development and management is the accepted answer but in turn requires a comprehensive framework that can
enable planning process involving all the stakeholders at different levels and scales is compulsory. Such a unified hydrological
framework is essential to evaluate the cause and effect of all the proposed actions within the drainage basins.
The present paper describes a hydrological framework developed in the form of a Hydrologic Information System (HIS) which is
intended to meet the specific information needs of the various line departments of a typical State connected with water related aspects.
The HIS consist of a hydrologic information database coupled with tools for collating primary and secondary data and tools for
analyzing and visualizing the data and information. The HIS also incorporates hydrological model base for indirect assessment of
various entities of water balance in space and time. The framework would be maintained and updated to reflect fully the most
accurate ground truth data and the infrastructure requirements for planning and management.
Keywords: Hydrological Information System (HIS); WebGIS; Data Model; Web Mapping Services
Forest type mapping of bidar forest division, karnataka using geoinformatics ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
The study demonstrate the potentiality of satellite remote sensing technique for the generation of baseline information on forest types
including tree plantation details in Bidar forest division, Karnataka covering an area of 5814.60Sq.Kms. The Total Area of Bidar
forest division is 5814Sq.Kms analysis of the satellite data in the study area reveals that about 84% of the total area is Covered by
crop land, 1.778% of the area is covered by dry deciduous forest, 1.38 % of mixed plantation, which is very threatening to the
environmental stability of the forest, future plantation site has been mapped. With the use of latest Geo-informatics technology proper
and exact condition of the trees can be observed and necessary precautions can be taken for future plantation works in an appropriate
manner
Keywords:-RS, GIS, GPS, Forest Type, Tree Plantation
Factors influencing compressive strength of geopolymer concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract
To study effects of several factors on the properties of fly ash based geopolymer concrete on the compressive strength and also the
cost comparison with the normal concrete. The test variables were molarities of sodium hydroxide(NaOH) 8M,14M and 16M, ratio of
NaOH to sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5, alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio 0.35 and 0.40 and replacement of water in
Na2SiO3 solution by 10%, 20% and 30% were used in the present study. The test results indicated that the highest compressive
strength 54 MPa was observed for 16M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 2.5 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35. Lowest
compressive strength of 27 MPa was observed for 8M of NaOH, ratio of NaOH to Na2SiO3 is 1 and alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of
0.40. Alkaline liquid to fly ash ratio of 0.35, water replacement of 10% and 30% for 8 and 16 molarity of NaOH and has resulted in
compressive strength of 36 MPa and 20 MPa respectively. Superplasticiser dosage of 2 % by weight of fly ash has given higher
strength in all cases.
Keywords: compressive strength, alkaline liquid, fly ash
Experimental investigation on circular hollow steel columns in filled with li...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Composite Circular hollow Steel tubes with and without GFRP infill for three different grades of Light weight concrete are tested for
ultimate load capacity and axial shortening , under Cyclic loading. Steel tubes are compared for different lengths, cross sections and
thickness. Specimens were tested separately after adopting Taguchi’s L9 (Latin Squares) Orthogonal array in order to save the initial
experimental cost on number of specimens and experimental duration. Analysis was carried out using ANN (Artificial Neural
Network) technique with the assistance of Mini Tab- a statistical soft tool. Comparison for predicted, experimental & ANN output is
obtained from linear regression plots. From this research study, it can be concluded that *Cross sectional area of steel tube has most
significant effect on ultimate load carrying capacity, *as length of steel tube increased- load carrying capacity decreased & *ANN
modeling predicted acceptable results. Thus ANN tool can be utilized for predicting ultimate load carrying capacity for composite
columns.
Keywords: Light weight concrete, GFRP, Artificial Neural Network, Linear Regression, Back propagation, orthogonal
Array, Latin Squares
Experimental behavior of circular hsscfrc filled steel tubular columns under ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
This paper presents an outlook on experimental behavior and a comparison with predicted formula on the behaviour of circular
concentrically loaded self-consolidating fibre reinforced concrete filled steel tube columns (HSSCFRC). Forty-five specimens were
tested. The main parameters varied in the tests are: (1) percentage of fiber (2) tube diameter or width to wall thickness ratio (D/t
from 15 to 25) (3) L/d ratio from 2.97 to 7.04 the results from these predictions were compared with the experimental data. The
experimental results) were also validated in this study.
Keywords: Self-compacting concrete; Concrete-filled steel tube; axial load behavior; Ultimate capacity.
Evaluation of punching shear in flat slabseSAT Journals
Abstract
Flat-slab construction has been widely used in construction today because of many advantages that it offers. The basic philosophy in
the design of flat slab is to consider only gravity forces; this method ignores the effect of punching shear due to unbalanced moments
at the slab column junction which is critical. An attempt has been made to generate generalized design sheets which accounts both
punching shear due to gravity loads and unbalanced moments for cases (a) interior column; (b) edge column (bending perpendicular
to shorter edge); (c) edge column (bending parallel to shorter edge); (d) corner column. These design sheets are prepared as per
codal provisions of IS 456-2000. These design sheets will be helpful in calculating the shear reinforcement to be provided at the
critical section which is ignored in many design offices. Apart from its usefulness in evaluating punching shear and the necessary
shear reinforcement, the design sheets developed will enable the designer to fix the depth of flat slab during the initial phase of the
design.
Keywords: Flat slabs, punching shear, unbalanced moment.
Evaluation of performance of intake tower dam for recent earthquake in indiaeSAT Journals
Abstract
Intake towers are typically tall, hollow, reinforced concrete structures and form entrance to reservoir outlet works. A parametric
study on dynamic behavior of circular cylindrical towers can be carried out to study the effect of depth of submergence, wall thickness
and slenderness ratio, and also effect on tower considering dynamic analysis for time history function of different soil condition and
by Goyal and Chopra accounting interaction effects of added hydrodynamic mass of surrounding and inside water in intake tower of
dam
Key words: Hydrodynamic mass, Depth of submergence, Reservoir, Time history analysis,
Evaluation of operational efficiency of urban road network using travel time ...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Efficiency of the road network system is analyzed by travel time reliability measures. The study overlooks on an important measure of
travel time reliability and prioritizing Tiruchirappalli road network. Traffic volume and travel time were collected using license plate
matching method. Travel time measures were estimated from average travel time and 95th travel time. Effect of non-motorized vehicle
on efficiency of road system was evaluated. Relation between buffer time index and traffic volume was created. Travel time model has
been developed and travel time measure was validated. Then service quality of road sections in network were graded based on
travel time reliability measures.
Keywords: Buffer Time Index (BTI); Average Travel Time (ATT); Travel Time Reliability (TTR); Buffer Time (BT).
Estimation of surface runoff in nallur amanikere watershed using scs cn methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
The development of watershed aims at productive utilization of all the available natural resources in the entire area extending from
ridge line to stream outlet. The per capita availability of land for cultivation has been decreasing over the years. Therefore, water and
the related land resources must be developed, utilized and managed in an integrated and comprehensive manner. Remote sensing and
GIS techniques are being increasingly used for planning, management and development of natural resources. The study area, Nallur
Amanikere watershed geographically lies between 110 38’ and 110 52’ N latitude and 760 30’ and 760 50’ E longitude with an area of
415.68 Sq. km. The thematic layers such as land use/land cover and soil maps were derived from remotely sensed data and overlayed
through ArcGIS software to assign the curve number on polygon wise. The daily rainfall data of six rain gauge stations in and around
the watershed (2001-2011) was used to estimate the daily runoff from the watershed using Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number
(SCS-CN) method. The runoff estimated from the SCS-CN model was then used to know the variation of runoff potential with different
land use/land cover and with different soil conditions.
Keywords: Watershed, Nallur watershed, Surface runoff, Rainfall-Runoff, SCS-CN, Remote Sensing, GIS.
Estimation of morphometric parameters and runoff using rs & gis techniqueseSAT Journals
Abstract
Land and water are the two vital natural resources, the optimal management of these resources with minimum adverse environmental
impact are essential not only for sustainable development but also for human survival. Satellite remote sensing with geographic
information system has a pragmatic approach to map and generate spatial input layers of predicting response behavior and yield of
watershed. Hence, in the present study an attempt has been made to understand the hydrological process of the catchment at the
watershed level by drawing the inferences from moprhometric analysis and runoff. The study area chosen for the present study is
Yagachi catchment situated in Chickamaglur and Hassan district lies geographically at a longitude 75⁰52’08.77”E and
13⁰10’50.77”N latitude. It covers an area of 559.493 Sq.km. Morphometric analysis is carried out to estimate morphometric
parameters at Micro-watershed to understand the hydrological response of the catchment at the Micro-watershed level. Daily runoff
is estimated using USDA SCS curve number model for a period of 10 years from 2001 to 2010. The rainfall runoff relationship of the
study shows there is a positive correlation.
Keywords: morphometric analysis, runoff, remote sensing and GIS, SCS - method
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Effect of variation of plastic hinge length on the results of non linear anal...eSAT Journals
Abstract The nonlinear Static procedure also well known as pushover analysis is method where in monotonically increasing loads are applied to the structure till the structure is unable to resist any further load. It is a popular tool for seismic performance evaluation of existing and new structures. In literature lot of research has been carried out on conventional pushover analysis and after knowing deficiency efforts have been made to improve it. But actual test results to verify the analytically obtained pushover results are rarely available. It has been found that some amount of variation is always expected to exist in seismic demand prediction of pushover analysis. Initial study is carried out by considering user defined hinge properties and default hinge length. Attempt is being made to assess the variation of pushover analysis results by considering user defined hinge properties and various hinge length formulations available in literature and results compared with experimentally obtained results based on test carried out on a G+2 storied RCC framed structure. For the present study two geometric models viz bare frame and rigid frame model is considered and it is found that the results of pushover analysis are very sensitive to geometric model and hinge length adopted. Keywords: Pushover analysis, Base shear, Displacement, hinge length, moment curvature analysis
Effect of use of recycled materials on indirect tensile strength of asphalt c...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Depletion of natural resources and aggregate quarries for the road construction is a serious problem to procure materials. Hence
recycling or reuse of material is beneficial. On emphasizing development in sustainable construction in the present era, recycling of
asphalt pavements is one of the effective and proven rehabilitation processes. For the laboratory investigations reclaimed asphalt
pavement (RAP) from NH-4 and crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB-55) was used. Foundry waste was used as a replacement to
conventional filler. Laboratory tests were conducted on asphalt concrete mixes with 30, 40, 50, and 60 percent replacement with RAP.
These test results were compared with conventional mixes and asphalt concrete mixes with complete binder extracted RAP
aggregates. Mix design was carried out by Marshall Method. The Marshall Tests indicated highest stability values for asphalt
concrete (AC) mixes with 60% RAP. The optimum binder content (OBC) decreased with increased in RAP in AC mixes. The Indirect
Tensile Strength (ITS) for AC mixes with RAP also was found to be higher when compared to conventional AC mixes at 300C.
Keywords: Reclaimed asphalt pavement, Foundry waste, Recycling, Marshall Stability, Indirect tensile strength.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Mathematical modeling & dynamics study of batch crystallizer for purified terephthalic acid (pta) crystallization process using g proms
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 246
MATHEMATICAL MODELING & DYNAMICS STUDY OF BATCH
CRYSTALLIZER FOR PURIFIED TEREPHTHALIC ACID (PTA)
CRYSTALLIZATION PROCESS USING gPROMS
Abhishek A. Puttewar1
, Surgonda T. Patil2
1
PG Student,, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering & Technology (TKIET)
Warananagar 416113, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India
2
Associate Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tatyasaheb Kore Institute of Engineering & Technology
(TKIET) Warananagar 416113, Dist: Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India (Affiliated to Shivaji University, Kolhapur)
Abstract
Crystallization is a complex and critical chemical engineering process which is carried out for high purity products in process
industry. Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA) is commodity chemical, it is principal raw material mainly used in Polyester industry.
During production process of Purified Terephthalic Acid (PTA), crystallization process is used to separate crystals from water.
Crystalline materials generally have a high degree of purity even when obtained from a relatively impure solution. Control of
crystal size distribution (CSD) is an end objective in PTA crystallization process. To fulfill CSD, needs the mathematical model
based optimization for PTA unit, developed mathematical model is solved in gPROMS (general PROcess Modeling System).In
present work, research achievement are batch crystallization modeling, simulation, optimization & parameter estimation. Within
the proposed control strategy, a dynamic optimization is performed to obtain optimal cooling temperature profile of batch
crystallizer, maximizing the total volume of seeded crystals. Simulation is implemented to track the resulting optimal temperature
profile.
Keywords: Purified Terephthalic Acid process, Mathematical model, Batch Crystallizer, simulation, gPROMS
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1. INTRODUCTION
Crystallization is an important process, which is carried out
for production of high purity in Terephthalic Acid industry.
In the production process, oxidation and purification stages
are carried out at high temperature and pressure, creating
severe operating conditions. The process for purification can
accept crude containing higher levels of impurities and still
be able to produce suitable PTA. Efforts to purify PTA
through crystallization using organic solvents have failed
due to the inability to discover a solvent to economically
purify by crystallization and a lack of understanding of the
crystal growth mechanism. The effects of the process
conditions and new crystallization method must be
demonstrated at the pilot scale to stimulate industry
investment. The common crystallization objective is to
produce large crystals with minimum fines production by
minimizing nucleation and optimizing the temperature
profile. In batch cooling crystallization, the solution is
cooled to super saturation causing crystal formation and its
growth.
2. MATHEMATICAL MODEL DEVELOPMENT
2.1 Population Balance Equation
Mathematical representation of the crystallization rate can
be achieved through basic mass transfer considerations or by
writing a population balance represented by its moment
equations. The population balance equation (PBE) is
developed based on the following assumption: volume
change in the system is negligible, crystal agglomeration or
breakage phenomena are neglected and the crystal density
and the supersaturation are homogeneous in all part of the
crystallizer.
(1)
The nucleation rate, B (t), and the growth rate, G (t) are [2],
[4], [5], [7], [13] given by:
B(t) = kb
b
µ3(t) (2)
G (t) = kg
ᵍ
(3)
2.2 Model Implementation
In the seeded batch crystallizer of PTA, the saturation
concentration of the solute (Cs) is given by
Cs = 4.29 x 10 -6
(4)
By applying this moment operator to the population balance
equation, a set of moment equation can be developed with
the general form.
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 247
The values of the model parameters of seeded batch
crystallizer are shown in Table 1
Symbol Unit Value
b - 0.4719
kb (s µm3
)-1
6.5179 x 10-12
Eb /R K 3.0068 x 103
U kJ (m2
h K)-1
1800
∆Hc kJ/Kg 122.7587
M kg 27.00
Kv - 1.5
Vj m3
0.015
ρj Kg/m3
1000
g - 0.984
kg µm/s 1.7251
Eg/R K 1.7637 x 103
A m2
0.25
Cp kJ (kg K)-1
3.86
ρc Kg/m3
1.58 x 10 -12
Tf min 30
Fj m3
/s 0.001
Cpj kJ (kg K)-1
4.184
Notations:
A is the total heat transfer surface area
b is an exponent relating nucleation rate to supersaturation
C is the solute concentration
C
p
is the heat capacity of the solution
C
s
is the saturation concentration of the solute
E
b
is the nucleation activation energy
E
g
is the growth activation energy
f (L,t) is the population density of crystals size L at time t
G(t) is the growth rate of crystals.
F
j
is cooling water flow rate
g is an exponent relating growth rate to the supersaturation
G is crystallization growth rate
k
v
is the volumetric shape factor
M is the mass of solvent is the crystallizer
T is the reactor temperature
T
j
is the jacket temperature
T
jsp
is set point of the jacket temperature
U is the overall heat-transfer coefficient
V
j
is jacket volume
ρ
c
is the density of the crystal
ΔH
c
is the heat of crystallization.
μ3 is the third moment of the CSD
2.3 Dynamic Optimization
The aim of dynamic optimization is to maximize the average
crystal size (Lw) where to keep the coefficient of variations
(CVw) small. The optimal cooling temperature profiles were
obtained by solving the optimal control problem with
different optimization problems.
2.4 Simulation of model
gPROMS is strongly typed modeling language for
simulation and optimization of physical systems. Simulation
models in gPROMS are defined using four different entities;
DECLARE MODEL, TASK and PROCESS. The
DECLARE entity is used to declare variables types and
stream types, which will be used as templates for variables
and streams. The model entity is use to describe the physical
behavior of primitive elements of the system to be modeled.
Simulation result from gPROMS generated for Average
Crystal Size (Lw) with respect to time (s)
Fig 1: Lw Vs. T
Optimal profile for saturation concentration of solute (Cs) is
maintained with time
Fig 2 Cs Vs. T
3. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology eISSN: 2319-1163 | pISSN: 2321-7308
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 248
It is noted here that only the optimal cooling temperature
profile obtained from selected optimized function in which
the μ3 (tf) is minimized, is considered since such a
temperature policy provides less fine crystals leading to
efficient operation in downstream processes whereas the
volume of seeded crystal (μ3) is still satisfy the product
quality requirement.
Output of Simulation result shows with different Liquid
Volume in the same vessel does not matter to crystal size
Fig 3: Effect of liquid volume on Lw Vs. T
Output of simulation shows different concentration of solids
are maintained with respect to time However smaller liquid
volumes help faster growth of crystals.
0.000000
0.000005
0.000010
0.000015
0.000020
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
ConcentratoinofSolids
Time
27 kg 20 Kg 15 kg
Fig 4: Effect of liquid volume on Cs Vs Time
Output shows Increase in overall heat transfer coefficient
(U) causes faster heat transfer leading to faster
crystallization as observed.
Fig 5: Effect of U on Lw Vs. T
Output of Simulation result shows, Average crystal size
decreases with lesser U owing to longer heater transfer time.
0.000000
0.000005
0.000010
0.000015
0.000020
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Cs
Time
0.5 U 0.75 U 1.0 U
Fig 6: Effect of change of U on Cs Vs. T
Output of simulation for Moment of CSD against time, with
change in heat transfer co-efficient
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 249
Fig 7: Effect of change of U on µ and Time
Output of simulation for Moment of CSD against time, with
change in heat transfer co-efficient
Fig 8: Effect of change of U on Temperature &Time
Output of simulation for Moment of CSD against time, with
change in heat transfer co-efficient
Fig 9: Effect of change of U on Lw and Time
3. PTA BATCH CRYSTALLIZER GPROMS
PROGRAM CODE:
Model Crystallizer
PARAMETER
#exponent relating nucleation rate to the supersaturation
b AS REAL
kb AS REAL
#the nucleation activation energy
EbbyR AS REAL
#the overall heat-transfer coefficient
U AS REAL
#the heat of crystallization.
dHc AS REAL
#the mass of solvent is the crystallizer
M AS REAL
#the volumetric shape factor
Kv AS REAL
#jacket volume
Vj AS REAL
# the density of jacket fluid
rhoj AS REAL
# an exponent relating growth rate to the supersaturation
g AS REAL
kg AS REAL
# the growth activation energy
EgbyR AS REAL
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 250
# total heat transfer surface area
A AS REAL
# the heat capacity of the solution
Cp AS REAL
# the density of the crystal
rhoc AS REAL
# Tf in min
Tf AS REAL
# cooling water flow rate
Fj AS REAL
#the heat capacity of jacket fluid
Cpj AS REAL
mu0s AS REAL
VARIABLE
# the saturation concentration of the solute (Cs)
Cs AS Concentration
# the solute concentration
C AS Concentration
# Crystalliser Temperature
T AS Temperature
# Jacket Temperature
Tj AS Temperature
# set point of the jacket temperature
Tjsp AS Temperature
# the growth rate of crystals
Gt AS NoType
#the ith moment of the CSD that explains the total volume
of crystals
mu0n, mu1n, mu2n, mu3n, mu4n,mu5n AS NoType
mu1s, mu2s, mu3s, mu4s, mu5s AS NoType
mu0, mu1, mu2, mu3,mu4,mu5 AS NoType
# The nucleation rate
Bt AS NoType
# Average crystal size
Lw AS NoType
#CVw coefficient of variations
CVw AS NoType
DISTRIBUTION_DOMAIN
SET
BOUNDARY
EQUATION
# Model equations
# Cs = exp(0.0523-0.0027*(T-273)-3e-5*(T-273)^2+8e-
9*(T-273)^3);
# Cs = (0.0523-0.0027*(T)-3e-5*(T)^2+8e-9*(T)^3);
# Eqn proposed by Ramakanth
# Cs = 7e-8*T^3 - 6e-5*T^2 + 0.017*T -1.716 ;
Cs = 9.70063529E-11*exp(3.91838338E-02*T) ; # interm
of mol/lit data from internet for water solubility
Bt = kb*exp(-EbbyR/T)*(C/Cs-1)^b*mu3;
Gt = kg*exp(-EgbyR/T)*(C/Cs-1)^g;
# Gt = kg*exp(-EgbyR/T)*(Cs/C-1)^g;
# Bt = kb*exp(-EbbyR/T)*(Cs/C-1)^b*mu3;
$C =-3*rhoc*kv*Gt*mu2;
$T =(-3*dHc*rhoc*kv*Gt*mu2/Cp)-U*A*(T-Tj)/(M*Cpj);
$Tj = Fj*(Tjsp-Tj)/Vj+U*A*(T-Tj)/(rhoj*Vj*Cpj);
$mu0n =Bt;
$mu1n =Gt*mu0n;
$mu2n =2*Gt*mu1n;
#the third moment of the CSD that explains the total volume
of crystals
$mu3n =3*Gt*mu2n;
$mu4n =4*Gt*mu3n;
$mu5n =5*Gt*mu4n;
$mu1s = Gt*mu0s;
$mu2s = 2*Gt*mu1s;
$mu3s = 3*Gt*mu2s;
$mu4s = 4*Gt*mu3s;
$mu5s = 5*Gt*mu4s;
mu0 = mu0s + mu0n;
mu1 = mu1s + mu1n;
mu2 = mu2s + mu2n;
mu3 = mu3s + mu3n;
mu4 = mu4s + mu4n;
mu5 = mu5s + mu5n;
Lw = mu4/mu3;
CVw = 100*sqrt(mu3*mu5/mu4^2-1);
INITIAL
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Process Description
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
UNIT # Equipment items
# AP101 AS Crystalliser
AP101 AS Crystallisation
SET
# Parameter values
#exponent relating nucleation rate to the supersaturation
AP101.b:= 0.4719;
#coeff relating nucleation rate to the supersaturation um/s
AP101.kb:= 6.5179e-12;
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Volume: 03 Issue: 12 | Dec-2014, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 251
#the nucleation activation energy
AP101.EbbyR:= 3.0068e+3;
#the overall heat-transfer coefficient kJ/m2sK
AP101.U:= 0.5; # =1800 kJ/(m2 h K)
#the heat of crystallization.kj/kg
AP101.dHc:= 122.7587;
#the mass of solvent is the crystallizer in kg
AP101.M:= 27.0;
#the volumetric shape factor constant
AP101.Kv:= 1.5;
#jacket volume in m3
AP101.Vj:= 0.015;
# the density of jacket fluid kg/m3
AP101.rhoj:= 1000;
# an exponent relating growth rate to the supersaturation
AP101.g:= 0.984;
# ancoeff relating growth rate to the supersaturation m/s
AP101.kg:= 1.7251e-6;
# the growth activation energy K
AP101.EgbyR:= 1.7637e3;
# total heat transfer surface area m2
AP101.A:= 0.25;
# the heat capacity of the solution kJ/(kg K)
AP101.Cp:= 3.86;
# the density of the crystal kg/m3 Orig = 1.58e12
AP101.rhoc:= 1.58E3;
# Tf in sec
AP101.Tf:= 30*60;
# cooling water flow rate m3/s
AP101.Fj:= 0.001;
#the heat capacity of jacket fluid kJ/(kg K)
AP101.Cpj:= 4.184;
AP101.mu0s:= 0.0;
# condition
ASSIGN
WITHIN AP101 DO
Tjsp: =310;
END
INITIAL
WITHIN AP101 DO
C =0.012;
Tj = 303.15;
# T =500;
mu0n =1e-6;
mu1n =1.0e-6;
mu2n =1.0e-6;
mu3n =1.0e-6;
mu4n =1.0e-6;
mu5n =1.0e-4;
mu2s =1.0e-6;
mu3s=1.0e-6;
mu4s =1.0e-6;
mu5s=1.0e-6;
$mu0n =10e-6;
$mu2s =10e-6;
# CvW = 0;
END # Within AP101
SOLUTIONPARAMETERS
Reporting Interval :=1 ;
SCHEDULE
CONTINUE FOR 5*3600
4. CONCLUSIONS
From the above studies the following conclusions are made
1. Mathematical Modelling is developed for batch
crystallizer
2. Developed mathematical model is solved in gPROMS
3. Model is used to predict the concentration and
crystallizer temperature profile in this process
4. Optimal temperature profile for best Crystal size
distribution (CSD)
5. In seeded batch crystallization process, large average
crystal size leading to product quality is desired.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Author would like to acknowledge the support from my
family and the department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty
of Chemical Engineering, TKIET Warananagar and Shivaji
University, Kolhapur.
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BIOGRAPHIES
Abhishek A. Puttewar received B.E.
(Chemical Engineering) degree from
Shivaji University; Kolhapur
(Padmabhushan Vasantraoadada Patil
Institute of Technology, Budhagaon,
Sangli) in 2008.He is currently M.E.
(Chemical Engineering) student in Tatyasaheb Kore
Institute of Engineering & Technology, Warananagar from
Shivaji University Kolhapur. His research interest includes
modeling & simulation
Surgonda T. Patil obtained his B.E. and
M.E. in Chemical Engineering from
Shivaji University, Kolhapur, India. He
has 22 years of teaching experience. His
interests include process calculations,
modeling & simulation in chemical
engineering Presently he is Associate Professor in Chemical
Engineering Department of TKIET, Warananagar.
Kolhapur, India.