Dynamics refers to the branch of mechanics that deals with the movement of objects and the forces that drive that movement. Structural analysis which covers the behaviour of structures subjected to dynamic (actions having high acceleration) loading. Dynamic loads include people, wind, waves, traffic, earthquakes, and blasts. Any structure can be subjected to dynamic loading. Dynamic analysis can be used to find dynamic displacements, time history, and the frequency content of the load. One analysis technique for calculating the linear response of structures to dynamic loading is a modal analysis. In modal analysis, we decompose the response of the structure into several vibration modes. A mode is defined by its frequency and shape. Structural engineers call the mode with the shortest frequency (the longest period) the fundamental mode. This paper presents a study on mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection of multi storied framed structures by comparison of stodola’s and Holzer method. This study involves in examination of theoretical investigations of multi storied framed structures. Overall four storey multi storied framed structures and two methods were analysed & comparison of all the mode shape, inertia force, spring force and deflection at the critical cross-section with same configuration loading by keeping all other parameters constant. The theoretical data are calculated using code IS 1893, IS 4326, IS 13920. The all storey mass and stiffens are analysed under the cantilever condition. The research project aims to provide which method is most accuracy to find the mode shape, spring force deflection and inertia force. The studies reveal that the theoretical investigations Stodola’s method is most accuracy compare to the Holzer method. The maximum mode shape, spring force, spring deflection and inertia force is 87.29%, 80 %, 89% and 72% is higher the Stodola’s method compare than Holzer method in same configuration.
Performance of Soft Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash with Natural Fiber Reinforceme...AM Publications
The use of clay as a landfill cover system is a choice of alternative materials that are widely used in almost all the existing landfill system in Indonesia and in the world. In addition to the relatively low cost of procurement is also available in almost all regions in Indonesia. However, alternative reliable overburden landfills has not been much discussed and researched. The purpose of this study is to design an ideal final cover layer landfill technically and mechanically. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and palm oil fiber (POF) between 10% of fly ash and 0.5% of POF can enhance the mechanical value of soils. the compressive strength of soils increase from 39.4 kPa to 89.0 kPa or rose by 129%, decreasing the value of soil hydraulic conductivity is to be 1,2x10-7 from the initial value of 1,17x10-6 or decreased by 850.4%, increase in soil friction angle of 8.55° to 24 °, and lowering the soil liquid limit of 33.48% to 24.5%, decreasing of swelling potential of 8 % to only 1.5% at the end of the wetting cycle, reduce the cracking intensity factor (CIF) from 1.96% to zero cracks. Mechanical behavior is heavily influenced by the nature of fly ash which has of a small water absorption and change the water in the soil for the pozzolanic reaction and produce calcium hydrate silica (CSH), in which the reaction is to form granules (binder) in the soil so that the soil becomes dense and hard, while palm oil fiber have cellulose and lignin as dominant compounds that tend to have high water absorption but serves to strengthen the fiber tensile force between the fibers and the soils surface due to adhesion forces so that the soil is not easily collapse and reduce the potential shrinkages and cracking of the soils.
The Effect of Milling Times and Annealing on Synthesis of Strontium Titanate ...AM Publications
Analysis of microstructure of Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) phase obtained by milling and annealing of
SrCO3 and TiO2 precursors. However, the material properties for strontium titanate require a careful control of
crystallite structure as well as microstructure design to meet a specific application. The mixture of strontium
carbonate (SrCO3) and tintanium oxide (TiO2) powders was used to obtain SrTiO3 phase by using vibrator ball mill
with ball to powder ratio 10:1 and heat treatment processes. The size of powder particles was determined by a laser
particle analyzer (PSA). The X-ray diffraction methods were used for qualitative, quantitative phase analyses and for
crystallite size and lattice distortion determination. The milling process of strontium carbonate and tintanium oxide
mixture causes decrease of the mean particle size and crystallite size of involved phases. The X-ray diffraction
investigations of SrCO3 and TiO2 mixture milled for 60 hours and annealed at 900°C with 24 h of holding time
enabled the identification of SrTiO3 phase. Annealing the sample of the particles at 900 0C has resulted in a dense
compact and promoted the formation of particles containing nanocrystallites. The crystallite-growth samples of
SrTiO3 phase were dependent on temperature and time of their annealing
Investigation of mass flow properties of particles in Silo DryersAM Publications
The most relevant question of the mixing systems used in silo dryers is the mixing efficiency of screw augers. The aim of design is that the construction stirs the granular assembly on an optimal level i.e. mixing should be uniform and the mixed amount should as much as possible. Although the mixing process appears unsophisticated, it is a very complex phenomenon. Engineers and researchers work on this field, use mostly experimental data for designing and development because there not too much is known about what happens around the rotating mixing screw. In our prior work, the mixing efficiency and effective radius were determined [3]. In the present article, we investigate the mixing process with a mass flow rate, which determined with cylindrical volumes along the vertical axis. To model this phenomenon, we used the EDEM Academic 2.7. discrete element software
IRJET- Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum DisulfideIRJET Journal
This document reports on a study that investigated the effect of preparation conditions on the morphology of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles synthesized via a hydrothermal method. By varying the sulfur precursor (thiourea, thioacetamide, sulfur) and presence of surfactants, different MoS2 morphologies were obtained including tube spheres, clusters of threads, and clusters of spongy cotton. The materials were characterized using XRD and SEM techniques. The results showed that varying the sulfur precursor during hydrothermal synthesis allows control over the morphology of the resulting MoS2 nanoparticles.
Investigation of mrr in wedm for wc co sintered compositeIAEME Publication
The document investigates the influence of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters on material removal rate when machining tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) sintered composite. Experiments were conducted using a response surface methodology with five control factors (pulse on-time, pulse off-time, peak current, servo voltage, and wire tension). The results were used to derive a mathematical model to predict material removal rate and optimize the WEDM process for machining WC-Co composite.
This document summarizes research on the structural characterization of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanopowder synthesized using glycerin-fueled combustion. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the powder was pure monoclinic Gd2O3 with an average crystallite size of around 8 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to Gd-O bonds and surface-adsorbed functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy images showed agglomerated nanoparticles in various shapes and sizes in the nano range, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the particle composition.
This document summarizes research on modeling and analysis of magnetorheological (MR) fluid brakes. MR fluid brakes offer advantages over conventional brakes like fewer wearing parts and reduced stress. The document reviews past research on topics like preparation of MR fluids, rheological properties, and brake designs. It also outlines the scope for further research experiments involving varying properties of MR fluid components, supply current, motor speed, and gap between stator and rotor to analyze effects on braking torque. Key aspects of magnetic circuit and material selection for an MR brake design are discussed. The goal is to develop an innovative, smart brake system with digitally controllable braking torque using shear properties of MR fluids.
The Phase Field Method: Mesoscale Simulation Aiding Materials DiscoveryPFHub PFHub
Two types of computational materials science, model development and materials discovery. PF is used less than atomic scale methods. PF focused on model development not discovery. How to use PF for materials discovery?
Performance of Soft Soil Stabilized by Fly Ash with Natural Fiber Reinforceme...AM Publications
The use of clay as a landfill cover system is a choice of alternative materials that are widely used in almost all the existing landfill system in Indonesia and in the world. In addition to the relatively low cost of procurement is also available in almost all regions in Indonesia. However, alternative reliable overburden landfills has not been much discussed and researched. The purpose of this study is to design an ideal final cover layer landfill technically and mechanically. The results showed that the addition of fly ash and palm oil fiber (POF) between 10% of fly ash and 0.5% of POF can enhance the mechanical value of soils. the compressive strength of soils increase from 39.4 kPa to 89.0 kPa or rose by 129%, decreasing the value of soil hydraulic conductivity is to be 1,2x10-7 from the initial value of 1,17x10-6 or decreased by 850.4%, increase in soil friction angle of 8.55° to 24 °, and lowering the soil liquid limit of 33.48% to 24.5%, decreasing of swelling potential of 8 % to only 1.5% at the end of the wetting cycle, reduce the cracking intensity factor (CIF) from 1.96% to zero cracks. Mechanical behavior is heavily influenced by the nature of fly ash which has of a small water absorption and change the water in the soil for the pozzolanic reaction and produce calcium hydrate silica (CSH), in which the reaction is to form granules (binder) in the soil so that the soil becomes dense and hard, while palm oil fiber have cellulose and lignin as dominant compounds that tend to have high water absorption but serves to strengthen the fiber tensile force between the fibers and the soils surface due to adhesion forces so that the soil is not easily collapse and reduce the potential shrinkages and cracking of the soils.
The Effect of Milling Times and Annealing on Synthesis of Strontium Titanate ...AM Publications
Analysis of microstructure of Strontium titanate (SrTiO3) phase obtained by milling and annealing of
SrCO3 and TiO2 precursors. However, the material properties for strontium titanate require a careful control of
crystallite structure as well as microstructure design to meet a specific application. The mixture of strontium
carbonate (SrCO3) and tintanium oxide (TiO2) powders was used to obtain SrTiO3 phase by using vibrator ball mill
with ball to powder ratio 10:1 and heat treatment processes. The size of powder particles was determined by a laser
particle analyzer (PSA). The X-ray diffraction methods were used for qualitative, quantitative phase analyses and for
crystallite size and lattice distortion determination. The milling process of strontium carbonate and tintanium oxide
mixture causes decrease of the mean particle size and crystallite size of involved phases. The X-ray diffraction
investigations of SrCO3 and TiO2 mixture milled for 60 hours and annealed at 900°C with 24 h of holding time
enabled the identification of SrTiO3 phase. Annealing the sample of the particles at 900 0C has resulted in a dense
compact and promoted the formation of particles containing nanocrystallites. The crystallite-growth samples of
SrTiO3 phase were dependent on temperature and time of their annealing
Investigation of mass flow properties of particles in Silo DryersAM Publications
The most relevant question of the mixing systems used in silo dryers is the mixing efficiency of screw augers. The aim of design is that the construction stirs the granular assembly on an optimal level i.e. mixing should be uniform and the mixed amount should as much as possible. Although the mixing process appears unsophisticated, it is a very complex phenomenon. Engineers and researchers work on this field, use mostly experimental data for designing and development because there not too much is known about what happens around the rotating mixing screw. In our prior work, the mixing efficiency and effective radius were determined [3]. In the present article, we investigate the mixing process with a mass flow rate, which determined with cylindrical volumes along the vertical axis. To model this phenomenon, we used the EDEM Academic 2.7. discrete element software
IRJET- Hydrothermal Synthesis of Molybdenum DisulfideIRJET Journal
This document reports on a study that investigated the effect of preparation conditions on the morphology of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanoparticles synthesized via a hydrothermal method. By varying the sulfur precursor (thiourea, thioacetamide, sulfur) and presence of surfactants, different MoS2 morphologies were obtained including tube spheres, clusters of threads, and clusters of spongy cotton. The materials were characterized using XRD and SEM techniques. The results showed that varying the sulfur precursor during hydrothermal synthesis allows control over the morphology of the resulting MoS2 nanoparticles.
Investigation of mrr in wedm for wc co sintered compositeIAEME Publication
The document investigates the influence of wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) parameters on material removal rate when machining tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) sintered composite. Experiments were conducted using a response surface methodology with five control factors (pulse on-time, pulse off-time, peak current, servo voltage, and wire tension). The results were used to derive a mathematical model to predict material removal rate and optimize the WEDM process for machining WC-Co composite.
This document summarizes research on the structural characterization of gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3) nanopowder synthesized using glycerin-fueled combustion. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the powder was pure monoclinic Gd2O3 with an average crystallite size of around 8 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed peaks corresponding to Gd-O bonds and surface-adsorbed functional groups. Scanning electron microscopy images showed agglomerated nanoparticles in various shapes and sizes in the nano range, which was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis of the particle composition.
This document summarizes research on modeling and analysis of magnetorheological (MR) fluid brakes. MR fluid brakes offer advantages over conventional brakes like fewer wearing parts and reduced stress. The document reviews past research on topics like preparation of MR fluids, rheological properties, and brake designs. It also outlines the scope for further research experiments involving varying properties of MR fluid components, supply current, motor speed, and gap between stator and rotor to analyze effects on braking torque. Key aspects of magnetic circuit and material selection for an MR brake design are discussed. The goal is to develop an innovative, smart brake system with digitally controllable braking torque using shear properties of MR fluids.
The Phase Field Method: Mesoscale Simulation Aiding Materials DiscoveryPFHub PFHub
Two types of computational materials science, model development and materials discovery. PF is used less than atomic scale methods. PF focused on model development not discovery. How to use PF for materials discovery?
Synthesis & Magnetic Properties of Magnesium Ferrite (MgFe2O4) Nanoparticles ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the synthesis and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles produced via a sol-gel method. Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a citrate sol-gel process. The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and VSM. FT-IR and XRD confirmed the formation of magnesium ferrite with a spinel cubic structure. SEM showed the particles were spherical in shape with a size of around 20-30nm. VSM revealed the nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature with saturation magnetization of 25.4 emu/g. In conclusion, sol-gel synthesis was found to be a simple and
Eco-friendly Inhibition by Weed (Bidens biternata) Extract towards Acid Corro...AM Publications
With the view of extracting gold out of waste, the ethanolic extract of weed (Bidens biternata) (EEBb) was explored
for its inhibitory efficacy towards acid corrosion of AA6063 (aluminium alloy) in 0.5 M HCl. The experimentations were
carried out employing chemical method at room and elevated temperatures and various corrosion parameters were
calculated. The inhibitory efficacy was found to be 88.09 % at 1.04 g/L of EEBb. The adsorption of the inhibitor onto the
metal surface was further endorsed by carrying out Quantum Chemical Analysis (QCA), spectroscopic (UV-Visible
Spectroscopy) and surface morphological studies (SEM). The adsorptive nature of EEBb was investigated and found to best
fitted in Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The high inhibition efficiency was attributed to the adsorption of active molecules
leading to the formation of a protective layer on the AA6063 surface. The results were very promising and indicate that toxic
weed Bidens biternata can be very effectively to combat acid corrosion of aluminium. Moreover, these can be a good
replacement for most of the hazardous chemicals used to inhibit metal corrosion
A Review Paper on “Stress Analysis of Leaf Spring by using Photo Elasticity T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on analyzing leaf springs using photoelasticity techniques. It begins with an abstract discussing how leaf springs are commonly used in vehicle suspension systems and subjected to stress cycles that can lead to failure. Previous research has looked to improve leaf spring performance through new designs and materials. The review paper examines several papers on leaf spring design, analysis, fatigue life prediction, and failure analysis. It also discusses analyzing leaf springs using finite element analysis software. Photoelasticity is introduced as a nondestructive testing method to analyze stress distributions in complex geometries using the birefringent properties of certain materials when under load.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Approach to study Incompressible Boundar...AM Publications
In turbulence models we create mathematical models that describe the flow properties of a flowing fluid. A turbulence model is a computational procedure to close the system of mean flow equations and so that a more or less wide variety of flow problems can be calculated. However, far less precision has been achieved in creating a mathematical model that approximates the physical behavior of turbulent flows. Reynolds stress model is used to get the flow behavior and compared with the theoretical solution and the inferences are drawn.
This document describes a new method for manufacturing micro-lens arrays using contactless micro-embossing with a micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) mold. Ring compression tests were conducted to determine the friction coefficient between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the mold under varying temperatures. A micro-EDM process was used to fabricate micro-hole arrays in a SKD-11 mold insert. Contactless embossing was then used to produce micro-lens arrays from PMMA sheets at different processing parameters. Analysis of the micro-lens arrays found that the radius of curvature and local length could be controlled by adjusting the embossing temperature, force, and holding time.
Analysis of stiffened isotropic and composite plateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed both isotropic and composite plates with and without stiffeners using finite element modeling. It presented the following key points:
1. Finite element models of isotropic and composite plates were created using shell and solid elements in ANSYS to analyze the effect of stiffeners on plate deformation and stress.
2. Parametric studies were performed by varying the length, thickness, and height of stiffeners to minimize plate deformation without increasing material volume.
3. Results showed that stiffened plates had significantly less deformation than bare plates for the same material volume. Deformation generally decreased with increasing stiffener size.
Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian Approach for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNAdrboon
In this third and last sequence paper we focus on developing a model to simulate bird-strike events using Lagrange and Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (ALE) in LS-DYNA. We developed a standard work for the two-and three-dimensional models for bird-strike events. We modeled the bird as a cylinder fluid and the fan blade as a plate. The case study was that of frontal impact of soft-bodies on rigid plates based on the Lagrangian Bird Model. Results show very good agreement with available test data and within 7% error when compared with the Lagrange and SPH methods. The developed ALE approach is suitable for bird-strike events in tapered plates.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNAdrboon
In this second of a three-paper sequence, we developed a standard work using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) approach in LS-DYNA and compared the results against those the Lagrangian model and available experimental results. First, the SPH model was validated against a one-dimensional beam centered impact’s analytical solution and the results are within 3% error. Bird-strike events were divided into three separate problems: frontal impact on rigid flat plate, 0 and 30 deg impact on deformable tapered plate. The bird model was modeled as a cylindrical fluid. We successfully identified the most influencing parameters when using SPH in LS-DYNA. The case for 0 deg tapered plate impact shows little bird-plate interaction because the bird is sliced in two parts and the results are within 5% difference from the test data available in the literature, which is an improvement over the Lagrangian model. Conclusion: The developed SPH approach is suitable for bird-strike events within 10% error.
This document describes the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of a fly's eye homogenizer for use with digital micromirror devices (DMDs). It outlines the zemax simulation of the optical setup, details the mold design and fabrication process for the microlens array, and presents experimental results comparing the intensity distribution with simulation predictions. The homogenizer is concluded to provide a more collimated and uniform intensity distribution of UV light for DMDs, improving micro-machining quality. Future work is proposed to address profile irregularities and achieve better collimation.
For aircraft or launch vehicles, its carrying capacity is defined as a Payload. It is usually measured in weights. For a rocket, payload can be satellite or scientific instruments. The design of the payload is a challenging task as it has to withstand space environment and launch loads. Due to launch vibrations, there are possibilities of failure of design of payload so it is very important to reduce these vibrations by alternative techniques.
This paper studies the effect of different materials on the natural frequency of payload which helps in the reduction of the natural frequency of the payload and for safe functioning of satellite.
Bird-Strike Modeling Based on the Lagrangian Formulation Using LSDYNAdrboon
This document summarizes research on modeling bird-strike events using LS-DYNA's Lagrangian formulation. Key points:
- Bird-strikes pose safety risks and costs to the aviation industry, motivating efforts to model and predict damage through simulation.
- The bird is modeled as a fluid, and the Lagrangian method tracks material deformation. Initial validation involved a beam impact problem, with results within 2.5% of analytical solutions.
- Bird-strike events were divided into impacts on rigid and deformable plates at different angles, modeled after existing literature. Peak pressures and forces from simulations were within 10% of test data.
- The developed Lagrangian approach is suitable for modeling bird-strikes to predict
IRJET-Design of Pile Foundation for site in Sangli district of Maharashtra: C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of designing a pile foundation for an OPD building in Sangli District, Maharashtra, India.
The soil at the site was found to be clayey based on tests. Piles were chosen as the foundation type due to the very low bearing capacity of the soil. Piles ranging from 600mm to 450mm in diameter and 10m in length were designed. Reinforcement details are provided in a table. The paper concludes that the pile foundation design is suitable as the load on each pile is less than the working load.
This document summarizes research on using X-ray diffraction to evaluate the elastic properties of concrete at different temperatures as part of structural health monitoring. X-ray diffraction was performed on unstressed and stressed concrete cube samples. Equations were developed relating X-ray diffraction peak width and position to true and effective elastic moduli like Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus at temperatures from 5 to 50 degrees Celsius. The results indicate X-ray diffraction can be used to non-destructively monitor changes in elastic properties and compressive strength of concrete over its lifespan in various climate conditions.
1) The study examines the effect of different condensing cover materials (glass and acrylic sheet) on the performance of a single basin solar still.
2) Experiments were conducted over a 24-hour period, measuring temperature, solar intensity, wind speed, and calculating heat transfer coefficients.
3) Results showed that daily energy and exergy efficiency were higher when glass (36.43% and 2.73%) was used as the condensing cover compared to acrylic (16.84% and 1.52%).
IRJET- Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Multistorey Building under Blas...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of reinforced cement concrete multi-story buildings under blast loading through analytical and finite element methods. Two models of a 3-story building - a 3D frame model and a lumped mass model - are subjected to surface and subsurface blast explosions in MATLAB and finite element software. Results such as displacement, acceleration, shear forces are compared between the two models and different blast scenarios. The study aims to help predict blast loads and their effects on building components, as well as suggest blast resistant techniques.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THIN SPRAY-ON LINERS AND SHOTCRETE AS SURFACE SUPPORT MECH...AM Publications
Since the 1990’s, the mining industry has introduced diverse kinds of Thin Spray-on Liners (TSLs). The aim has been to replace the conventional methods of surface support like Shotcrete. Since then, TSLs have shown potential as alternative surface support systems with increased benefits. However, their application is largely based on experience, assumptions, field observations and cost considerations. This is due to the fact that mechanisms by which TSLs provide support are not yet fully understood. In this study, Phase2 v.7.0, a numerical analysis program was utilised to compare performance of these thin spray-on liners and Shotcrete in underground tunnel applications. The computer software was used to determine the induced stresses, deformations and developed plastic zone around the tunnel, with different support linings of Shotcrete and TSL, combined with rock bolts. A tunnel 10 m wide and 15 m high was considered. The tunnel was assumed to be through sandstone at a depth of 550 m. The strength of sandstone was represented by the generalised Hoek-Brown failure criterion with the uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock equal to 50 MPa and the Geological Strength Index (GSI) equal to 50. The other Hoek-Brown parameters were determined using RocLab software. Numerical analysis showed that TSL thickness of 24.2 mm offers the same structural capacity as Shotcrete of 50 mm thickness. This is a significant reduction in material consumption with associated economic benefits.
The document summarizes research analyzing the tensile behavior of hybrid carbon-jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites with different fiber orientations (0°, 30°, 45°). Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up and tested under tension. Results showed the 0° orientation exhibited the highest tensile strength of 87.68 MPa. Strength decreased with 30° and 45° orientations. Finite element analysis of the 0° sample correlated closely with experimental results. In conclusion, the 0° hybrid composite demonstrated optimal tensile behavior compared to other orientations tested.
1) A comparative investigation was conducted on the rut resistance of conventional and filler modified bituminous mixes using laboratory wheel tracking and medium scale accelerated pavement rut testing.
2) Laboratory wheel tracking testing showed the modified mixes could sustain 190000 to 240000 wheel load repetitions compared to 132000 to 160000 repetitions in the field testing.
3) The laboratory wheel tracking results were found to be conservative by approximately 50% compared to the results from medium scale accelerated pavement rut testing.
Statistical evaluation of compression index equationsIAEME Publication
This document discusses statistical evaluation of equations for predicting the compression index (Cc) of soils. Twelve commonly used equations that predict Cc based on parameters like liquid limit, plasticity index, dry density, and void ratio are considered. Statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the equations. One-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests are conducted using a database of 178 soil samples to compare predicted and observed Cc values. The tests indicate that soil classification and prediction method have a significant influence on the deviation between predicted and observed Cc. Certain models are found to be applicable only to some soil classification groups. The best models for different soil groups and for all soil types are identified using statistical tests.
Iterative structures, also known as loops, repeat sections of code and are used for tasks like calculating multiple values, computing iterative results, printing tables of data, and processing large amounts of input or array data. The three types of loops in C++ are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop, each with different test conditions to control the loop execution. Loops can also be nested within each other to perform multiple iterations or to loop through multi-dimensional data structures.
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Pointers hold addresses, while regular variables hold values. Computer memory is divided into sequentially numbered locations, with each variable assigned a unique address. Pointers allow manipulation of memory at a low level, making C++ suitable for embedded and real-time applications. Declaring a pointer simply requires specifying its type, like int*, and it reserves memory to hold an address. Pointers must be initialized, like int* pointer = 0, to avoid being "wild" pointers pointing to unknown memory. The address operator & returns a variable's address, which can be stored in a pointer.
Functions allow code to be reused by defining formulas that can be called from different parts of a program. Functions take in inputs, perform operations, and return outputs. They are defined outside of the main body with a function prototype, and can be called multiple times from within main or other functions. This document demonstrates how to define a FindMax function that takes in two numbers, compares them, and returns the maximum number. It shows function prototypes, defining the function outside of main, and calling the function from within main to find the maximum of two user-input numbers.
Synthesis & Magnetic Properties of Magnesium Ferrite (MgFe2O4) Nanoparticles ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes research into the synthesis and magnetic properties of magnesium ferrite (MgFe2O4) nanoparticles produced via a sol-gel method. Magnesium ferrite nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using a citrate sol-gel process. The nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as FT-IR spectroscopy, XRD, SEM and VSM. FT-IR and XRD confirmed the formation of magnesium ferrite with a spinel cubic structure. SEM showed the particles were spherical in shape with a size of around 20-30nm. VSM revealed the nanoparticles exhibited ferromagnetic behavior at room temperature with saturation magnetization of 25.4 emu/g. In conclusion, sol-gel synthesis was found to be a simple and
Eco-friendly Inhibition by Weed (Bidens biternata) Extract towards Acid Corro...AM Publications
With the view of extracting gold out of waste, the ethanolic extract of weed (Bidens biternata) (EEBb) was explored
for its inhibitory efficacy towards acid corrosion of AA6063 (aluminium alloy) in 0.5 M HCl. The experimentations were
carried out employing chemical method at room and elevated temperatures and various corrosion parameters were
calculated. The inhibitory efficacy was found to be 88.09 % at 1.04 g/L of EEBb. The adsorption of the inhibitor onto the
metal surface was further endorsed by carrying out Quantum Chemical Analysis (QCA), spectroscopic (UV-Visible
Spectroscopy) and surface morphological studies (SEM). The adsorptive nature of EEBb was investigated and found to best
fitted in Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The high inhibition efficiency was attributed to the adsorption of active molecules
leading to the formation of a protective layer on the AA6063 surface. The results were very promising and indicate that toxic
weed Bidens biternata can be very effectively to combat acid corrosion of aluminium. Moreover, these can be a good
replacement for most of the hazardous chemicals used to inhibit metal corrosion
A Review Paper on “Stress Analysis of Leaf Spring by using Photo Elasticity T...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a review paper on analyzing leaf springs using photoelasticity techniques. It begins with an abstract discussing how leaf springs are commonly used in vehicle suspension systems and subjected to stress cycles that can lead to failure. Previous research has looked to improve leaf spring performance through new designs and materials. The review paper examines several papers on leaf spring design, analysis, fatigue life prediction, and failure analysis. It also discusses analyzing leaf springs using finite element analysis software. Photoelasticity is introduced as a nondestructive testing method to analyze stress distributions in complex geometries using the birefringent properties of certain materials when under load.
Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) - Approach to study Incompressible Boundar...AM Publications
In turbulence models we create mathematical models that describe the flow properties of a flowing fluid. A turbulence model is a computational procedure to close the system of mean flow equations and so that a more or less wide variety of flow problems can be calculated. However, far less precision has been achieved in creating a mathematical model that approximates the physical behavior of turbulent flows. Reynolds stress model is used to get the flow behavior and compared with the theoretical solution and the inferences are drawn.
This document describes a new method for manufacturing micro-lens arrays using contactless micro-embossing with a micro-electrical discharge machining (micro-EDM) mold. Ring compression tests were conducted to determine the friction coefficient between polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and the mold under varying temperatures. A micro-EDM process was used to fabricate micro-hole arrays in a SKD-11 mold insert. Contactless embossing was then used to produce micro-lens arrays from PMMA sheets at different processing parameters. Analysis of the micro-lens arrays found that the radius of curvature and local length could be controlled by adjusting the embossing temperature, force, and holding time.
Analysis of stiffened isotropic and composite plateIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzed both isotropic and composite plates with and without stiffeners using finite element modeling. It presented the following key points:
1. Finite element models of isotropic and composite plates were created using shell and solid elements in ANSYS to analyze the effect of stiffeners on plate deformation and stress.
2. Parametric studies were performed by varying the length, thickness, and height of stiffeners to minimize plate deformation without increasing material volume.
3. Results showed that stiffened plates had significantly less deformation than bare plates for the same material volume. Deformation generally decreased with increasing stiffener size.
Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian Approach for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNAdrboon
In this third and last sequence paper we focus on developing a model to simulate bird-strike events using Lagrange and Arbitrary Lagrange Eulerian (ALE) in LS-DYNA. We developed a standard work for the two-and three-dimensional models for bird-strike events. We modeled the bird as a cylinder fluid and the fan blade as a plate. The case study was that of frontal impact of soft-bodies on rigid plates based on the Lagrangian Bird Model. Results show very good agreement with available test data and within 7% error when compared with the Lagrange and SPH methods. The developed ALE approach is suitable for bird-strike events in tapered plates.
Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics for Bird-Strike Analysis Using LS-DYNAdrboon
In this second of a three-paper sequence, we developed a standard work using the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamic (SPH) approach in LS-DYNA and compared the results against those the Lagrangian model and available experimental results. First, the SPH model was validated against a one-dimensional beam centered impact’s analytical solution and the results are within 3% error. Bird-strike events were divided into three separate problems: frontal impact on rigid flat plate, 0 and 30 deg impact on deformable tapered plate. The bird model was modeled as a cylindrical fluid. We successfully identified the most influencing parameters when using SPH in LS-DYNA. The case for 0 deg tapered plate impact shows little bird-plate interaction because the bird is sliced in two parts and the results are within 5% difference from the test data available in the literature, which is an improvement over the Lagrangian model. Conclusion: The developed SPH approach is suitable for bird-strike events within 10% error.
This document describes the design, simulation, fabrication, and testing of a fly's eye homogenizer for use with digital micromirror devices (DMDs). It outlines the zemax simulation of the optical setup, details the mold design and fabrication process for the microlens array, and presents experimental results comparing the intensity distribution with simulation predictions. The homogenizer is concluded to provide a more collimated and uniform intensity distribution of UV light for DMDs, improving micro-machining quality. Future work is proposed to address profile irregularities and achieve better collimation.
For aircraft or launch vehicles, its carrying capacity is defined as a Payload. It is usually measured in weights. For a rocket, payload can be satellite or scientific instruments. The design of the payload is a challenging task as it has to withstand space environment and launch loads. Due to launch vibrations, there are possibilities of failure of design of payload so it is very important to reduce these vibrations by alternative techniques.
This paper studies the effect of different materials on the natural frequency of payload which helps in the reduction of the natural frequency of the payload and for safe functioning of satellite.
Bird-Strike Modeling Based on the Lagrangian Formulation Using LSDYNAdrboon
This document summarizes research on modeling bird-strike events using LS-DYNA's Lagrangian formulation. Key points:
- Bird-strikes pose safety risks and costs to the aviation industry, motivating efforts to model and predict damage through simulation.
- The bird is modeled as a fluid, and the Lagrangian method tracks material deformation. Initial validation involved a beam impact problem, with results within 2.5% of analytical solutions.
- Bird-strike events were divided into impacts on rigid and deformable plates at different angles, modeled after existing literature. Peak pressures and forces from simulations were within 10% of test data.
- The developed Lagrangian approach is suitable for modeling bird-strikes to predict
IRJET-Design of Pile Foundation for site in Sangli district of Maharashtra: C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a case study of designing a pile foundation for an OPD building in Sangli District, Maharashtra, India.
The soil at the site was found to be clayey based on tests. Piles were chosen as the foundation type due to the very low bearing capacity of the soil. Piles ranging from 600mm to 450mm in diameter and 10m in length were designed. Reinforcement details are provided in a table. The paper concludes that the pile foundation design is suitable as the load on each pile is less than the working load.
This document summarizes research on using X-ray diffraction to evaluate the elastic properties of concrete at different temperatures as part of structural health monitoring. X-ray diffraction was performed on unstressed and stressed concrete cube samples. Equations were developed relating X-ray diffraction peak width and position to true and effective elastic moduli like Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus at temperatures from 5 to 50 degrees Celsius. The results indicate X-ray diffraction can be used to non-destructively monitor changes in elastic properties and compressive strength of concrete over its lifespan in various climate conditions.
1) The study examines the effect of different condensing cover materials (glass and acrylic sheet) on the performance of a single basin solar still.
2) Experiments were conducted over a 24-hour period, measuring temperature, solar intensity, wind speed, and calculating heat transfer coefficients.
3) Results showed that daily energy and exergy efficiency were higher when glass (36.43% and 2.73%) was used as the condensing cover compared to acrylic (16.84% and 1.52%).
IRJET- Behavior of Reinforced Cement Concrete Multistorey Building under Blas...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the behavior of reinforced cement concrete multi-story buildings under blast loading through analytical and finite element methods. Two models of a 3-story building - a 3D frame model and a lumped mass model - are subjected to surface and subsurface blast explosions in MATLAB and finite element software. Results such as displacement, acceleration, shear forces are compared between the two models and different blast scenarios. The study aims to help predict blast loads and their effects on building components, as well as suggest blast resistant techniques.
COMPARISON BETWEEN THIN SPRAY-ON LINERS AND SHOTCRETE AS SURFACE SUPPORT MECH...AM Publications
Since the 1990’s, the mining industry has introduced diverse kinds of Thin Spray-on Liners (TSLs). The aim has been to replace the conventional methods of surface support like Shotcrete. Since then, TSLs have shown potential as alternative surface support systems with increased benefits. However, their application is largely based on experience, assumptions, field observations and cost considerations. This is due to the fact that mechanisms by which TSLs provide support are not yet fully understood. In this study, Phase2 v.7.0, a numerical analysis program was utilised to compare performance of these thin spray-on liners and Shotcrete in underground tunnel applications. The computer software was used to determine the induced stresses, deformations and developed plastic zone around the tunnel, with different support linings of Shotcrete and TSL, combined with rock bolts. A tunnel 10 m wide and 15 m high was considered. The tunnel was assumed to be through sandstone at a depth of 550 m. The strength of sandstone was represented by the generalised Hoek-Brown failure criterion with the uniaxial compressive strength of the intact rock equal to 50 MPa and the Geological Strength Index (GSI) equal to 50. The other Hoek-Brown parameters were determined using RocLab software. Numerical analysis showed that TSL thickness of 24.2 mm offers the same structural capacity as Shotcrete of 50 mm thickness. This is a significant reduction in material consumption with associated economic benefits.
The document summarizes research analyzing the tensile behavior of hybrid carbon-jute fiber reinforced epoxy composites with different fiber orientations (0°, 30°, 45°). Samples were fabricated using hand lay-up and tested under tension. Results showed the 0° orientation exhibited the highest tensile strength of 87.68 MPa. Strength decreased with 30° and 45° orientations. Finite element analysis of the 0° sample correlated closely with experimental results. In conclusion, the 0° hybrid composite demonstrated optimal tensile behavior compared to other orientations tested.
1) A comparative investigation was conducted on the rut resistance of conventional and filler modified bituminous mixes using laboratory wheel tracking and medium scale accelerated pavement rut testing.
2) Laboratory wheel tracking testing showed the modified mixes could sustain 190000 to 240000 wheel load repetitions compared to 132000 to 160000 repetitions in the field testing.
3) The laboratory wheel tracking results were found to be conservative by approximately 50% compared to the results from medium scale accelerated pavement rut testing.
Statistical evaluation of compression index equationsIAEME Publication
This document discusses statistical evaluation of equations for predicting the compression index (Cc) of soils. Twelve commonly used equations that predict Cc based on parameters like liquid limit, plasticity index, dry density, and void ratio are considered. Statistical analysis is performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the equations. One-way and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests are conducted using a database of 178 soil samples to compare predicted and observed Cc values. The tests indicate that soil classification and prediction method have a significant influence on the deviation between predicted and observed Cc. Certain models are found to be applicable only to some soil classification groups. The best models for different soil groups and for all soil types are identified using statistical tests.
Iterative structures, also known as loops, repeat sections of code and are used for tasks like calculating multiple values, computing iterative results, printing tables of data, and processing large amounts of input or array data. The three types of loops in C++ are the while loop, do-while loop, and for loop, each with different test conditions to control the loop execution. Loops can also be nested within each other to perform multiple iterations or to loop through multi-dimensional data structures.
A pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. Pointers hold addresses, while regular variables hold values. Computer memory is divided into sequentially numbered locations, with each variable assigned a unique address. Pointers allow manipulation of memory at a low level, making C++ suitable for embedded and real-time applications. Declaring a pointer simply requires specifying its type, like int*, and it reserves memory to hold an address. Pointers must be initialized, like int* pointer = 0, to avoid being "wild" pointers pointing to unknown memory. The address operator & returns a variable's address, which can be stored in a pointer.
Functions allow code to be reused by defining formulas that can be called from different parts of a program. Functions take in inputs, perform operations, and return outputs. They are defined outside of the main body with a function prototype, and can be called multiple times from within main or other functions. This document demonstrates how to define a FindMax function that takes in two numbers, compares them, and returns the maximum number. It shows function prototypes, defining the function outside of main, and calling the function from within main to find the maximum of two user-input numbers.
Pointer is a variable that stores the memory address of another variable. It allows dynamic memory allocation and access of memory locations. There are three ways to pass arguments to functions in C++ - pass by value, pass by reference, and pass by pointer. Pass by value copies the value, pass by reference copies the address, and pass by pointer passes the address of the argument. Pointers can also point to arrays or strings to access elements. Arrays of pointers can store multiple strings. References are alternative names for existing variables and any changes made using the reference affect the original variable. Functions can return pointers or references.
Function overloading in C++ allows defining multiple functions with the same name as long as they have different parameters. This enables functions to perform different tasks based on the types of arguments passed. An example demonstrates defining multiple area() functions, one taking a radius and the other taking length and breadth. Inline functions in C++ avoid function call overhead by expanding the function code at the call site instead of jumping to another location. Demonstrated with an inline mul() and div() example.
IRJET- Structural Analysis of Transmission Tower: State of ArtIRJET Journal
This document discusses research on analyzing the structural stability of transmission towers. It reviews several past studies that have analyzed transmission towers using finite element analysis software like ANSYS and STAAD Pro. The studies examined different modeling techniques, load conditions including wind and seismic loads, and compared the performance of straight vs tapered tower designs. Finite element modeling was found to be effective for studying stresses in transmission tower components and joints under static and dynamic loads.
Modal Analysis of Single Rectangular Cantilever Plate by Mathematically, FEA ...IRJET Journal
1. The document analyzes the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a single rectangular cantilever plate through mathematical, finite element analysis (FEA), and experimental methods.
2. The natural frequencies were first calculated mathematically using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. The plate was then modeled and analyzed in ANSYS to obtain natural frequencies and mode shapes via FEA. Experimental testing was also conducted to measure the natural frequencies.
3. The results obtained from the three methods showed good correlation with each other, though some methods produced results with up to 20% error compared to others. Analyzing the plate through different techniques helped validate the results and understand the dynamic characteristics of the structure.
Estimating damping in structure made of different m aterials (steel,brass,aluminum) and processes sti ll remains as one of the biggest challengers. All mate rials posses certain amount of internal damping,wh ich manifested as dissipation of energy from the system . This energy in a vibratory system is either dissipated into heat or radiated away from the syst em. Material damping or internal damping contribute s to about 10-15% of total system damping. Cantilever beams of required size & shape are prepared for experimental purpose & damping ratio is investigate d. Damping ratio is determined by half-power bandwidth method. It is observed that damping ratio is higher for steel than brass than aluminum.
This document reviews the use of ANSYS finite element analysis software to model reactive powder concrete (RPC). It discusses how ANSYS can be used to perform various types of structural analyses, including static, modal, transient dynamic and buckling analyses. The review then describes how RPC specimens were modeled and meshed in ANSYS, and the results obtained, including stress contours showing higher shear stresses at connections. It concludes RPC behaves in an elasto-plastic manner initially, then is plastic dominated, and that fiber reinforcement improves its shear strength through fiber pullout and dowel action.
IRJET- Vibration Analysis of Simply Supported Beam with Varying Crack Dep...IRJET Journal
This document discusses using finite element analysis in ANSYS to analyze vibration in a simply supported beam with cracks of varying depth and location. It first provides background on using changes in natural frequency and mode shapes to detect damage in structures. It then reviews previous research on modeling cracks and their effects in beams. The document describes developing finite element models of cracked and uncracked beams in ANSYS to calculate natural frequencies and compare to theoretical results. The goal is to present results of using vibration analysis for crack detection.
Modeling, simulation & dynamic analysis of four bar planarIAEME Publication
This document discusses modeling, simulating, and analyzing the dynamic forces of a four-bar planar mechanism using CATIA V5 software. The document begins with an introduction to four-bar mechanisms and their importance. It then describes the mathematical modeling of displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of four-bar linkages. Next, it explains how to model a four-bar mechanism using different CATIA tools. The document presents results of the simulation in CATIA including graphs of link angle, speed, and acceleration over time. It concludes that CATIA allows simulation of link motion at different positions and validation of analytical equations, providing a valuable tool for mechanism analysis and design optimization.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
System identification is an emerging area in engineering fields. To assess the present health of important structures is necessary to know the status of the health of structure and subsequently to improve the health of the structure. In this work, using the finite element software, a simple structural member like beam is modeled. A simply supported beam is taken and crack is initiated at the bottom of the beam along it’s width by reducing the cross section in different location. Free vibration analysis is performed using FEM software SAP2000. There is a difference between the frequencies of cracked and un-cracked beam. From this analysis it can be predicted that there is damage in the beam, but location of the damage cannot be detected. For this, mode shape to be found out. This concept can be used to know in the real life structure whether there is any damage or not using the non-destructive techniques.
IRJET-Crack Assessment in Structural Members: A Review on Recent ParadigmsIRJET Journal
This document reviews recent methods for crack assessment in structural members. It discusses how vibration-based techniques have gained popularity for early crack detection by analyzing changes in dynamic properties as cracks form. Specifically, cracks can cause reductions in natural frequencies and changes to mode shapes. The document reviews several crack detection techniques including microwave imaging to identify cracks as small as 5mm in concrete, and frequency-based methods using natural frequency shifts to detect cracks in steel beams. It also summarizes several studies analyzing the use of vibration data and modal analysis to monitor cracks over time in bridges. In conclusion, the review finds various effective crack detection methods exist but that more research is still needed.
The document summarizes a finite element analysis of a torpedo battery tray conducted to evaluate its performance under severe vibration. The battery tray was modeled and meshed in ANSYS. Static, modal, harmonic and shock analyses were performed by applying loads in different axes. Results from the ANSYS simulation like deformation, stresses, natural frequencies and frequency response were compared to experimental test data. The maximum errors between simulation and experimental results for deformation and stresses were within 10%.
IRJET- Kinematic Analysis of Planar and Spatial Mechanisms using MatpackIRJET Journal
This document discusses kinematic analysis of planar and spatial mechanisms using computational methods in MATLAB. It develops a MATLAB package called MATPACK for numerical analysis of planar and spatial mechanisms. It uses vector notation to analyze planar mechanisms and Denavit-Hartenberg parameters to analyze spatial mechanisms. Results for velocities and accelerations are obtained from MATPACK and compared to theoretical results. The objective is to introduce existing notation and methods to analyze spatial mechanisms using computational tools like MATPACK, AutoCAD, and CATIA.
IRJET-Authentication System – Overview of Graphical PasswordsIRJET Journal
1. The document presents a finite element analysis of perforated beam-column connections using ANSYS software. The study aims to model and analyze the behavior of connections with circular and hexagonal web openings.
2. An analytical model of a conventional beam-column connection is first created and validated against experimental test results from previous literature. The response of perforated connections is then compared to the conventional design.
3. The load-deflection behavior and von Mises stresses are evaluated for connections with varying numbers of openings. Results show that perforated connections perform similarly to conventional ones, with only minor increases in deflection and stress.
IRJET- Design Analysis & Optimization of Two Wheeler HandlebarIRJET Journal
This document discusses the structural and modal analysis of a motorcycle handlebar using finite element analysis (FEA). The handlebar was modeled in CREO and analyzed in ANSYS to determine its natural frequencies and mode shapes through modal analysis and to calculate stresses and deformations through structural analysis. Three materials were considered for structural analysis. Experimental testing was also conducted and showed good correlation with the FEA results, with an average error of 8-10%. The analyses aimed to optimize the handlebar design to reduce vibrations and improve rider comfort and safety.
Today, retrofitting of the old structures is important. For this purpose, determination of capacities for these buildings, which mostly are non-ductile, is a very useful tool. In this context, non-ductile RC joint in concrete structures, as one of the most important elements in these buildings are considered, and the shear capacity, especially for retrofitting goals can be very beneficial. In this paper, three famous soft computing methods including artificial neural networks (ANN), adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and also group method of data handling (GMDH) were used to estimating the shear capacity for this type of RC joints. A set of experimental data which were a failure in joint are collected, and first, the effective parameters were identified. Based on these parameters, predictive models are presented in detail and compare with each other. The results showed that the considered soft computing techniques are very good capabilities to determine the shear capacity.
Investigation of Effects of impact loads on Framed StructuresIJMER
This research work consists of a general overview of numerical analysis and dynamic
response of framed structures under impact loading. The purpose of the work is to introduce the Finite
Element Method which is difficult while analyzing dynamic response to framed structures. Also to
introduce the Ansys software and it will also explain and discuss particular model cases subjected to
various impact loadings. With these models there will be understanding of the behavior of framed
structures showing the clear results of stress, strain and deformation developed throughout the
structures.
IRJET - Design And Analysis of Belt Conveyor for Weight Reduction in FoundryIRJET Journal
The document describes the design and analysis of a belt conveyor system used in a foundry to optimize the system and reduce weight. It first describes the existing belt conveyor system and its components. Calculations are shown to analyze the stress and deformation on the existing roller and supporting bracket components. The objectives are then stated as studying the current system, optimizing critical components like the roller, bracket and frame to minimize overall weight, and analyzing the redesigned components. The proposed work is to collect existing system data, calculate stresses on critical parts, model the system in SOLIDWORKS, perform analysis in ANSYS, and optimize the design of critical components through iterative methods.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
IRJET- Behaviour of Triangular Hollow Flange Cold-Formed Steel BeamIRJET Journal
This document discusses testing and numerical analysis of the behavior of triangular hollow flange cold-formed steel beams. A beam with dimensions of 100x150x1.6mm was tested under two-point loading in a simply supported condition. Finite element analysis was conducted using ABAQUS software. The analysis found that this unique section is susceptible to lateral distortional buckling involving lateral deflection, twist, and cross-section change in the web. Both experimental and numerical analyses were conducted to investigate the flexural behavior and buckling modes of the triangular hollow flange beam section.
Crack Detection for Various Loading Conditions in Beam Using Hilbert – Huang ...IOSR Journals
The document discusses crack detection in beams using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT). It first provides background on using vibration-based methods to detect structural damage. It then describes modeling a cracked beam using finite element analysis, representing the crack as a rotational spring. Vibration analysis is performed on simply supported, fixed-fixed, free-free, and cantilever beams with cracks. HHT is applied to the transformed response to determine crack location based on changes in spatial variation. Both analytical and experimental results show good agreement with the model and that HHT is effective for analysis.
This document summarizes research on using the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) to detect cracks in beams under various loading conditions. Finite element modeling is used to simulate cracks as rotational springs and analyze vibration modes. Both simulations and experiments show HHT can effectively analyze spatial variations in response to identify crack locations. The technique is validated analytically and experimentally, with good agreement to established models. HHT appears to be an effective tool for structural health monitoring by analyzing transient beam vibrations to detect cracks.
Similar to Dynamics Behaviour of Multi Storeys Framed Structures by of Iterative Method (20)
DEVELOPMENT OF TODDLER FAMILY CADRE TRAINING BASED ON ANDROID APPLICATIONS IN...AM Publications
Toddler family cadre is a community members work voluntarily in fostering and providing information to parents of toddlers about how to properly care for children. Toddler Family cadre desperately need training to increase their skills. There are still a few Toddler family cadres who get training so that the knowledge and skills of parents and other family members in developing toddlers' growth through physical stimulation, motoric intelligence, emotional and social economy as well as possible are still lacking. The purpose of this study is to develop an Android- assisted Toddler family cadre training model in Demak. This research is research in tian research and development. The research location was in Demak Regency. Toddler family cadres became the object of this research. Development of Toddler family cadre training models assisted by Android in Demak is feasible to be used as an effort to improve Toddler Family cadres' capabilities.
TESTING OF COMPOSITE ON DROP-WEIGHT IMPACT TESTING AND DAMAGE IDENTIFICATION ...AM Publications
In recent years the use of composite materials in structural components has become increasingly common in a wide range of engineering applications. Composite materials offer numerous advantages over more conventional materials because of their superior specific properties, but a serious obstacle to a more widespread use of these materials is their high sensitivity to localized impact loading. This paper presents an experimental study to assess the impact response of drop weight impact tests on fiber reinforced polymer composites with deferent load and damage identification of composite using Non-destructive testing techniques ultrasonic testing (UT) C scan. In the study includes checking the strength of the specimen, plotting of graphs between the height and the impact energy obtained and tabulating the results after conducting the various functional tests.
THE USE OF FRACTAL GEOMETRY IN TILING MOTIF DESIGNAM Publications
In this paper I will present the use of fractal geometry to design tile motifs. A fractal is a geometric figure that combines the several characteristics among others: its parts have the same form as the whole, fragmented, and formation by iteration. The concept of fractals has been spread over all fields of sciences, technology, and art. This paper aims to provide an algorithm to creating motifs of tile algorithm for create the tile motif consists of base, iteration, coloration and duplication. In order to help the reader better understand the algorithm, I will present some script using Matlab. We describe a mathematically based algorithm that can fill a spatial region with sequence of randomly placed which may be transformed copies of one motif or several motifs. By using this algorithm, I can produce thousand variety of aesthetically pleasing tile motifs, of which we show a number of examples.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL INVERSION FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF MAGNETOTELLURIC DATA: CA...AM Publications
Two-dimensional resistivity analysis of magnetotelluric data has been done at “Z” geothermal area which is located in southern part of Indonesia. The objective is to understand subsurface structure beneath reasearch area based on 2-D modeling of magnetotelluric data. The inversion finite element method were used for numerical simulations which requires discretization on the boundary of the modeling domain. The modeling results of magnetotelluric data shows relativity structure dissemination: 0-10 ohm.m in a thickness of 1 km (Clay Cap), 10-100 ohm.m with 1-2 km depth respectively (reservoir zone), and on a scale of 100-1000 ohm.m in a depth of 2-3 km (heat source zone). The result of relativity structure can be used to delineate an area with geothermal prospect around 12 km2.
USING THE GENETIC ALGORITHM TO OPTIMIZE LASER WELDING PARAMETERS FOR MARTENSI...AM Publications
This document presents an optimization of laser welding parameters for martensitic stainless steel using a genetic algorithm. The algorithm aims to minimize the difference between the actual and desired weld size (width and depth) by optimizing laser power, welding speed, and fiber diameter. The genetic algorithm was run 10 times with a population of 30 over 200 iterations each time. The results showed errors between optimized and experimental values of less than 5% for the parameters. The study demonstrates that genetic algorithms can effectively optimize laser welding parameters to achieve a preset weld size.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN E-MARKETPLACE FOR MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISESAM Publications
The Ministry of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises launched in 2018 the number of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Indonesia as many as 58.97 million people. It is predicted that the number of MSMEs players in 2019 will amount to 59.2 million. This shows that the Indonesian people have made changes in the field of family economics which initially as consumptive are now productive. The community prefers to carry out activities that can increase family income. Future MSMEs remain the mainstay of the national economy. In accordance with the government roadmap, in 2020 e-commerce transactions are predicted to reach Rp1,300 trillion or equivalent to USD130 billion. According to data from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the contribution of MSMEs to Indonesia's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) reached 61.41%, with the number of MSMEs reaching almost 60 million units. However, only around 8% or 3.79 million of the 59.2 million MSMEs players have used online platforms to market their products. Based on the above problems, researchers conducted research on the analysis and display of E-Marketplace for MSMEs in Indonesia. The type of research used is action research. The object of research is MSMEs which are under the Office of Industry and Trade of Sragen Regency. The method of data collection is by techniques: (1) interview, (2) documentation (3) observation, (4) literature study. The researcher uses the waterfall method in developing the system. The research team has successfully analyzed the E-Market place according to the results of data collection. The research team has succeeded in designing the E-Marketplace for MSMEs. E-Marketplace designed can be used by admin, MSME and user. Admin is in charge of managing E-Marketplace and has full access rights. MSMEs can register online and manage their products in E-Marketplace. Users or buyers can search data in E-Marketplace as desired. To make transactions, users can interact directly with MSMEs according to the data provided in E-Marketplace. E-Marketplace can be used for marketing together MSMEs products. This e-marketplace can be accessed at www.umkmonline.com
REMOTE SENSING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS AM Publications
Remote sensing technology's increasing accessibility helps us observe research and learn about our globe in ways we could only imagine a generation ago. Guides to profound knowledge of historical, conceptual and practical uses of remote sensing which is increasing GIS technology. This paper will go briefly through remote sensing benefits, history, technology and the GIS and remote sensing integration and their applications. Remote sensing (RS) is used in mapping the predicted and actual species and dominates the ecosystem canopy.
EVALUATE THE STRAIN ENERGY ERROR FOR THE LASER WELD BY THE H-REFINEMENT OF TH...AM Publications
Currently, the finite element method (FEM) is still one of the useful tools in numerical simulation for technical problems. With this method, a continuum model presented by a certain number of elements with a simple approximation field causes the presence of discretization error in solutions. This paper considers the butt weld by laser which subjected the tension for AISI 1018 steel highness 8 mm. The aim of the study is to use the h-refinement of the FEM in estimation the strain energy error for the laser weld mentioned. The results show that the stability of the h-refinement shown by the value of the relative error of the strain energy is quite small, specifically; FEM is less than 5.7% and extra is no more than 3.7%.
HMM APPLICATION IN ISOLATED WORD SPEECH RECOGNITIONAM Publications
Speech recognition is always being an all-time trendy topic for discussion and also for researches and we see a major application in our life. This paper provides the work done on the application of Hidden Markov model to implement isolated word speech recognition on MATLAB and to develop and train the system for set of self-selective words for specific user (user dependent) to get maximum efficiency in word recognition system. Which uses the forward and Baum-welch algorithm and fitting Gaussian of the Baum-welch algorithm for all the iteration perform. We use a sample of 7 alphabets which are recorded in 15 different ways giving total of 105 word to use for training with each word with 15 variations. This system can be used in real world in system security using voice security system and mainly for children and impaired people.
PEDESTRIAN DETECTION IN LOW RESOLUTION VIDEOS USING A MULTI-FRAME HOG-BASED D...AM Publications
Detecting pedestrians in low resolution videos is a challenging task, due to the small size of pedestrians in the images and the limited information. In practical outdoor surveillance scenarios the pedestrian size is usually small. Existing state-of-the-art pedestrian detection methods that use histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features have poor performance in this problem domain. To compensate for the lack of information in a single frame, we propose a novel detection method that recognizes pedestrians in a short sequence of frames. Namely, we take the single-frame HOG-based detector and extend it to multiple frames. Our detector is applied to regions containing potential moving objects. In the case of video taken from a moving camera on an aerial platform, video stabilization is first performed to register the frames. A classifier is then applied to features extracted from spatio-temporal volumes surrounding the potential moving objects. On challenging stationary and aerial video datasets, our detection accuracy outperforms several state-of-the-art algorithms.
The aim of this paper is to help the blind people to identify and catch the public transport vehicles with the help of Light Fidelity technology. It is a Navigation aid. When the bus arrives at the bus stand, transmitter in the bus transmits the light signals and receiver in the stick, receives the light signals and a sound signal is generated through the speaker present in the stick. The sound message contains the bus number and the destination of the bus. In addition to this, if the person is absconded or lost, details of the location will be sent to his/her family members by pressing a button. This is made possible with the help of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Finally, presence of water can be detected along the blind person’s path, with the help of water sensors.
EFFECT OF SILICON - RUBBER (SR) SHEETS AS AN ALTERNATIVE FILTER ON HIGH AND L...AM Publications
A digital radiography delivers a radiation dose to patients; therefore it poses potential risk to the patients. One effort to reduce dose is carried out using a radiation filter, e.g. Silicone Rubber (SR) sheet. The purpose of this research was to determine the impact of the SR sheet on the high contrast objects (HCO) and the low contrast objects (LCO). The dose reduction was determined from attenuation x-rays before and after using the SR sheet. Assessment of HCO and LCO was observed from CDR TOR phantom at tube voltage of 48 kVp and tube current of 8 mAs. The physical parameter to assess image quality was the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) value in LCO. The maximum x-ray attenuation using the SR sheet is 48.82%. The visibility of the HCO remains the same, namely 16 objects; however the LCO slighly decreases from 14 objects to 13 objects after using the SR sheet. The SNR value decreases with an average value of 15.17%.Therefore, the SR sheet as a alternative filter has no effect on the HCO and has realtively little effect on the LCO. Thus, the SR sheet potentially is used for radiation protection in patients, especially on examinations that do not require low contrast resolution.
UTILIZATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES AMONG CHILDREN UNDER FIVE YEARS OF AGE I...AM Publications
Immunization is the key strategy to curb communicable diseases which are the number one killer of children under five. Immunization prevents mortalities of approximating three million children under five annually. This study aimed to assess utilization of immunization services among children under five of age in Kirinyaga County, Kenya.
REPRESENTATION OF THE BLOCK DATA ENCRYPTION ALGORITHM IN AN ANALYTICAL FORM F...AM Publications
The article presents the study of cryptographic transformations of the Kuznyechik algorithm in relation to differential analysis and the translation of their representations into a more convenient form for cryptanalysis. A simplification of the type of transformations of the algorithm to algebraic the form, in which cryptanalysis software will be more effective. Since the description of the algorithm in the analytical form allows for 16 cycles of execution of the shift register with linear feedback, each of which will be carried out 16 operations of multiplication and 15 operations of addition, reduced to 16 multiplying and 15 the operations of addition. The result is an algebraic form of a linear transformation (from a shift register with linear feedback to the multiplication of the matrix in a finite field). In the future, the algebraic type of transformation can be used to effectively carry out differential cryptanalysis.
Optical character recognition (OCR) is process of classification of optical patterns contained in a digital image. The process of OCR Recognition involves several steps including pre-processing, segmentation, feature extraction, classification. Pre-processing is for done the basic operation on input image like noise reduction which remove the noisy signal from image. Segmentation stage for segment the given image into line by line and segment each character from segmented line. Future extraction calculates the characteristics of character. A Radial Basis Function Neural Network (RBFNN) is used to classification contains the database and does the comparison.
Surveillance refers to the task of observing a scene, often for lengthy periods in search of particular objects or particular behaviour. This task has many applications, foremost among them is security (monitoring for undesirable behaviour such as theft or vandalism), but increasing numbers of others in areas such as agriculture also exist. Historically, closed circuit TV (CCTV) surveillance has been mundane and labour Intensive, involving personnel scanning multiple screens, but the advent of reasonably priced fast hardware means that automatic surveillance is becoming a realistic task to attempt in real time. Several attempts at this are underway.
SIMULATION OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS DISPERSION IN AN URBAN ENVIRONMENTAM Publications
Interest in air pollution investigation of urban environment due to existence of industrial and commercial activities along with vehicular emission and existence of buildings and streets which setup natural barrier for pollutant dispersion in the urban environment has increased. The air pollution modelling is a multidisciplinary subject when the entire cities are taken under consideration where urban planning and geometries are complex which needs a large software packages to be developed like Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), California Line Source model (CALINE series) etc. On overviewing various works it can be summarized that the air pollutant dispersion in urban street canyons and all linked phenomenon such as wind flow, pollutant concentrations, temperature distribution etc. generally depend on wind speed and direction, building heights and density, road width, source and intensity of air pollution, meteorological variables like temperature, humidity etc. A unique and surprising case is observed every time on numerous combinations of these factors. The main aim of this study is to simulate the atmospheric pollutant dispersion for given pollutant like carbon monoxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide and given atmospheric conditions like wind speed and direction. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation for analysing the atmospheric pollutant dispersion is done after natural airflow analysis. Volume rendering is done for variables such as phase 2 volume fraction and velocity with resolution as 250 pixels per inch and transparency as 20%. It can be observed that all the three pollutant namely nitrogen dioxide, sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide the phase 2 volume fraction changes from 0 to 1. The wind velocity changes from 3.395×10-13 m/s to 1.692×102 m/s. The dispersion of pollutants follow the sequence Sulphur dioxide>Carbon monoxide>Nitrogen dioxide.
PREPARATION AND EVALUATION OF WOOL KERATIN BASED CHITOSAN NANOFIBERS FOR AIR ...AM Publications
In this article, we have extracted keratin from deccani wool waste and prepared the wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning technique. The prepared nanofibers mat were prepared with different weight percent ratio like 1wt.%, 3wt.% and 5wt.% with respect to polymer i.e Chitosan. The physicochemical and filtration properties of wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were studied. Wool keratin based Chitosan nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The filtration efficiency of keratin Chitosan nanofibers were investigated through DOP test and heavy metal removal capacity of evaluated through Atomic absorption spectroscopy. FTIR results were showed that Keratin gets compatible with Chitosan. XRD patterns revealed keratin was in crystalline nature and increase the crystalline nature of Chitosan nanofibers. FESEM images showed that uniform nanofibers generation with average fiber diameter 80nm. Nanofibers filtration efficiency against a particulate matter in air was obtained more than 99.53% and excellent property of removal of heavy metal.
ANALYSIS ON LOAD BALANCING ALGORITHMS IMPLEMENTATION ON CLOUD COMPUTING ENVIR...AM Publications
Cloud computing means storing and accessing data and programs over the Internet instead of your computer's hard drive. The cloud is just a metaphor for the Internet. The elements involved in cloud computing are clients, data center and distributed server. One of the main problems in cloud computing is load balancing. Balancing the load means to distribute the workload among several nodes evenly so that no single node will be overloaded. Load can be of any type that is it can be CPU load, memory capacity or network load. In this paper we presented an architecture of load balancing and algorithm which will further improve the load balancing problem by minimizing the response time. In this paper, we have proposed the enhanced version of existing regulated load balancing approach for cloud computing by comping the Randomization and greedy load balancing algorithm. To check the performance of proposed approach, we have used the cloud analyst simulator (Cloud Analyst). Through simulation analysis, it has been found that proposed improved version of regulated load balancing approach has shown better performance in terms of cost, response time and data processing time.
A MODEL BASED APPROACH FOR IMPLEMENTING WLAN SECURITY AM Publications
This paper presents various security features and configurations commonly implemented in WLANs and their aggregated security levels and then proposes a model that enables implementation and evaluation of WLAN security
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
Using recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) for pavements is crucial to achieving sustainability. Implementing RCA for new pavement can minimize carbon footprint, conserve natural resources, reduce harmful emissions, and lower life cycle costs. Compared to natural aggregate (NA), RCA pavement has fewer comprehensive studies and sustainability assessments.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.