The document summarizes key methods from the System.Math class in C# for working with mathematical operations: 1) Math.Pow raises a base to a power, taking a base and exponent as parameters. 2) Math.Sqrt finds the square root of a number by passing the number as a parameter. 3) Math.PI returns the value of pi, useful for circumference and other circle calculations. 4) Math.Round rounds a decimal number to a specified number of decimal places.