Without math, bicycles could not be designed or ridden efficiently. Bicycle wheels are circular rather than polygonal shapes to reduce friction. Gear ratios and wheel revolutions per minute determine a cyclist's speed according to mathematical formulas. A cyclist uses different gear combinations matched to terrain to optimize pedaling efficiency and reach a variety of speeds.
This presentation illustrates the evolution of bicycles in a very simple style. It is prepared by Thirumoorthy R, Certified Sports Engineer (trainee) at Sports & Management Research Institute (SMRI)
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
Design, Development & Analysis of Loopwheel TechnologyABHISHEKPUND
In today’s world, Bicycles are the most favorite choice when it comes to causes like health, pollution, and the environment. Researches have been done in order to make the ride comfortable. This undertaking report introduces the Loop wheel. The purpose of our project was to reduce shocks on uneven roads, improve shock Absorption & take a smooth ride. Loop Wheel is a suspension system, Built to Experience a smooth ride on uneven roads by reducing shocks! So we replaced Spokes by 3 carbon springs. If we are riding on uneven roads, the spring can move in between Hub and Rim. As it's gone past a bump or bad road then the spring which is been touched to the surface will get compressed and others get to expand! So the whole impact power gets distribute in the wheel and the rider will feel nothing about that impact.
Wheel balancing and the performance of your carAutobahn Tires
> Performance of Your Car.
> Difference between Wheel Balancing and Wheel Alignment.
> How Wheel Balancing and Alignment Improves the Performance of Your Car.
> Wheel Balancing Process.
> Wheel Alignment Process.
> Tire Shop Scams to Avoid.
High-Performance Fat Bike and Mountain BikeRSD Bikes
While the mountain bike is a true friend to many cycling crazies, a new crop of riders is slowly embracing the fat bike for their cycling needs. It offers advanced biking features that are absent in the conventional mountain bike. Let’s define what a fat bike is and its benefits over the traditional MTB.
Table of Contents
What Are Fat Bikes?
Benefits of a Fat Bike over a Mountain Bike.
Features to look out for when purchasing a fat bike or a mountain bike.
Overview of biking needs.
This presentation illustrates the evolution of bicycles in a very simple style. It is prepared by Thirumoorthy R, Certified Sports Engineer (trainee) at Sports & Management Research Institute (SMRI)
Wheels and Tyres: Types of Wheels, Construction, Structure and Function, Forces acting on wheels,
Wheel Dimensions, Wheel Balancing, and Wheel Alignment. Structure and Function of Tyres, Static and
Dynamic Properties of Pneumatic Tyres, Types of Tyres, Materials, Tyre Section & Designation, Factors
affecting Tyre Life, Tyre Rotation.
Bearings: Functions; classification of bearings; bearing materials; automotive bearings.
Design, Development & Analysis of Loopwheel TechnologyABHISHEKPUND
In today’s world, Bicycles are the most favorite choice when it comes to causes like health, pollution, and the environment. Researches have been done in order to make the ride comfortable. This undertaking report introduces the Loop wheel. The purpose of our project was to reduce shocks on uneven roads, improve shock Absorption & take a smooth ride. Loop Wheel is a suspension system, Built to Experience a smooth ride on uneven roads by reducing shocks! So we replaced Spokes by 3 carbon springs. If we are riding on uneven roads, the spring can move in between Hub and Rim. As it's gone past a bump or bad road then the spring which is been touched to the surface will get compressed and others get to expand! So the whole impact power gets distribute in the wheel and the rider will feel nothing about that impact.
Wheel balancing and the performance of your carAutobahn Tires
> Performance of Your Car.
> Difference between Wheel Balancing and Wheel Alignment.
> How Wheel Balancing and Alignment Improves the Performance of Your Car.
> Wheel Balancing Process.
> Wheel Alignment Process.
> Tire Shop Scams to Avoid.
High-Performance Fat Bike and Mountain BikeRSD Bikes
While the mountain bike is a true friend to many cycling crazies, a new crop of riders is slowly embracing the fat bike for their cycling needs. It offers advanced biking features that are absent in the conventional mountain bike. Let’s define what a fat bike is and its benefits over the traditional MTB.
Table of Contents
What Are Fat Bikes?
Benefits of a Fat Bike over a Mountain Bike.
Features to look out for when purchasing a fat bike or a mountain bike.
Overview of biking needs.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
3. Without math, bicycling cannot exist.
Geometric figures are used in the construction of a
bicycle. Wheel circumferences and frame angles are
calculated using math, so the rider could select the right
bicycle.
Could you imagine a bike with
square or even octagon
wheels? A shape other than a
circle has edges and would
create bumps and friction.
4. The force used by pedalling allows the gears of a bike to spin
the back wheel. As the back wheel rotates, the tire uses
friction to grip the surface and move the bike in the desired
direction.
A cyclist uses different gear combinations for different
terrains. How is the right gear combination calculated?
5. Gear ratio and speed
speeds
mph
revolutions per minute
60
(steady
pedalling)
120
(very fast
pedalling)
ratio 1
2
3
4
4.95
9.9
14.85
19.8
9.9
19.8
29.7
39.6
The speed of the bike is determined by the gear ratio, the
size of the wheels and how fast the pedals are turning
A cyclist is in a gear with a ratio of 4.
The bike has wheels with a 2m circumference.
They are pedalling at 50 revolutions per minute.
What is their speed in miles per hour?
Distance travelled by wheel in 1 hour = wheel circumference x revolutions per hour x gear ratio
Distance travelled
by wheel in 1 hour = 2 x 50 x 60 x 4
= 24000m
≈ 15 miles
1 mile ≈ 1600 metres
using the different gears and varying
your pedalling speed enables you to
reach a range of speeds:
of course, you can only reach the
higher speeds if have the power to
pedal very fast in a high gear...
