This document provides an overview of phonetics and phonology. It defines phonetics as the study of speech sounds and their production, classification, and transcription, while phonology examines how sounds are organized and used in languages. It discusses vowels versus consonants, voiced versus voiceless consonants, and how to describe places and manners of articulation. Tables are provided on the English consonant and vowel systems. Descriptions cover how to characterize vowels based on lip shape, position, length, and diphthongs/triphthongs. The nature of syllables, stress, and stress placement in words is also outlined.

1. PHONETICS & PHONOLOGY
Jaya, S.Pd., M.Li

2. CONTENTS
1. Phonetics vs. Phonology
2. How to pronounce sounds
3. Vowels vs. Consonants
4. Voice vs. Voiceless
Consonants
5. How to describe the
consonants sounds
6. The Place of Articulation
7. The Manner of Articulation
8. Table of IPA
9. How to describe the vowels
sounds
10. How to describe the mixed
vowels
11. The Nature of Syllable
JAYA, S.Pd., M.Li 2

3. Introduction
PHONOLOGY - concerned with the range and function of sounds in specific
languages. It examines some of the ways sounds are organized and altered
in accordance with the rules of the English grammar.
PHONETICS -concerned with human sound-making, DESCRIPTION,
CLASSIFICATION and TRANSCRIPTION of the speech sounds of a particular
language (not all the lgs.)
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4. phonetics = the production of speech
sounds
phonology = the use of speech sounds
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5. How to pronounce:
The airflow out from the lungs through the
vocal track and vibrate the vocal cords
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6. VOWELS &
CONSONANTS
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1) English has 44 sounds. Divided into 2
types: consonants and vowels
2) The difference between vowels and
consonants is on the obstruction of
the airflow in the vocal track

7. Vowels vs. Consonants
1
Vowels:
Sounds produced without
any obstruction of the airflow
in the vocal track
2
Consonants:
Sounds produced with any
obstruction of the airflow in the
vocal track
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8. Voice Consonants vs. Voiceless Consonants
1
Voice Consonants:
Sounds produced with the
vibration of the vocal cords
2
Voiceless Consonants:
Sounds produced without the
vibration of the vocal cords, but
the breath flows out from the
mouth
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9. How to describe the
Consonants
Sounds
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VOICING
PLACE OF ARTICULATION
MANNER OF ARTICULATION

10. Table of English Consonants Sounds
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11. Presentation title 11

12. How to describe the
Vowels Sounds
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SHAPE OF LIPS
(Rounded / Unrounded)
POSITIONS
SHORT / LONG

13. •
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14. •
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15. How to describe the
Mixed Vowels
Sounds
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Mixed Vowels are vowels composed of two
or three pure vowels, vowels composed of
two pure vowels called diphthongs and
vowels composed of three pure vowels
called tripthongs.

16. The Nature of Syllable

17. Syllable is a sound or group of
sounds with a vowel.
Part of Syllable (Onset, Centre,
Coda)

18. The Nature of Stress

19. Stress is the power that we put on the
Syllable to make it longer and
stronger, i.e. to make the syllable
prominent distinguished

20. The Stress Placement

21. There are 4 items
decide the place of stress:
Grammar; Lexical
and Functional
word
1
Word Class
2
Number of
Syllables
3
Morphology
4

22. Berusahalah dengan keras karena
perubahan tidak datang secara tiba-tiba
-------Semoga kesuksesan menghampiri Anda--------
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23. Thank you
JAYA, S.Pd., M.Li
Email: jayaasbat13@gmail.com
WA: 082292151936
FB: Jaya Asbat Ummu Aisyah
Ig: Jaya Asbat

24. Reference
s:
Main Sources:
1. McMahon, April. 2002. An Introduction to
English Phonology. Great Britian: Edinburgh
University Press
2. Crystal, David. 2008. A Dictionary of
Linguistics and Phonetics (6th Ed.). United
Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing