Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in t.pdf
•
0 likes•2 views
Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Words can be used more than once. Solution Answer (1) Ribosomal RNA forms part of the subunit for protein synthesizing organelle, ribosome (2) Transfer RNA is the molecule which binds both codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid simultaneously during translation (3) The synthetase enzyme attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA (4) ATP provides the energy needed for the synthesis reaction. (5) Messenger RNA is synthesized in the nucleus by the process of transcription in the nucleus. The sequence of the mRNA decides the sequence of the amino acids in the protein chain. (6) Ribosomes may be found attached to ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Download to read offline
Recommended
IB Biology 2.7 Slides: Transcription & Translation
Transcription and translation allow genes to be expressed as proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase copying a gene from DNA into mRNA. Translation uses the mRNA code to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain via tRNA and ribosomes. The genetic code pairs 3-nucleotide codons in mRNA with specific amino acids. This allows DNA sequences to be converted into proteins through sequential transcription and translation.
please explain transcription and translationSolutionAnsTran.pdf
please explain transcription and translation
Solution
Ans:
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Translation is the process of translating the
sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein
synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a
gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes. In the cell cytoplasm, the
ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three bases to assemble the protein.
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the
information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-
messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. The process
relies on Watson-Crick base pairing, and the resultant single strand of RNA is the reverse-
complement of the original DNA sequence. The pre-messenger RNA is then \"edited\" to
produce the desired mRNA molecule in a process called RNA splicing.
Formation of pre-messenger RNA
The mechanism of transcription has parallels in that of DNA replication. As with DNA
replication, partial unwinding of the double helix must occur before transcription can take place,
and it is the RNA polymerase enzymes that catalyze this process.
Unlike DNA replication, in which both strands are copied, only one strand is transcribed. The
strand that contains the gene is called the sense strand, while the complementary strand is the
antisense strand. The mRNA produced in transcription is a copy of the sense strand, but it is the
antisense strand that is transcribed.
Ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) align along the antisense DNA strand, with Watson-Crick
base pairing (A pairs with U). RNA polymerase joins the ribonucleotides together to form a pre-
messenger RNA molecule that is complementary to a region of the antisense DNA strand.
Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase enzyme reaches a triplet of bases that is read as a
\"stop\" signal. The DNA molecule re-winds to re-form the double helix.
RNA splicing
The pre-messenger RNA thus formed contains introns which are not required for protein
synthesis. The pre-messenger RNA is chopped up to remove the introns and create messenger
RNA (mRNA) in a process called RNA splicing
Alternative splicing
In alternative splicing, individual exons are either spliced or included, giving rise to several
different possible mRNA products. Each mRNA product codes for a different protein isoform;
these protein isoforms differ in their peptide sequence and therefore their biological activity. It is
estimated that up to 60% of human gene products undergo alternative splicing.
Alternative splicing contributes to protein diversity a single gene transcript (RNA) can have
tho.
Transcription
1. RNA plays many roles in cells including functioning as biological catalysts and carrying genetic information.
2. RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template through the process of transcription. In transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and synthesizes RNA in a 5' to 3' direction complementary to the DNA template.
3. Transcription is regulated through the use of promoters, which are DNA sequences that signal the start of transcription, as well as other transcriptional control elements.
translation.ppsx
The document summarizes the process of translation, where mRNA is read by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. It describes the key players in translation - mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes. It explains how tRNAs carry amino acids and base pair with mRNA codons. It also notes some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, such as mRNA modifications and subcellular localization in eukaryotes. Finally, it briefly discusses how some antibiotics work by impairing the bacterial translation process.
TYPES OF RNA.pptx
This document discusses the different types of RNA. It begins by defining RNA and describing its basic structure and components. It then discusses the main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and others - providing details on their structure, function, and role in protein synthesis. For each type, it covers topics like where they are found, what molecules they interact with, and their importance in cellular processes.
Dna Replication - Biochemistry Lecture
The document discusses the structure and function of nucleic acids and their components. It covers the following key points:
1. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, which consist of a nucleoside (a nitrogenous base linked to a 5-carbon sugar) and one or more phosphate groups. The bases are either pyrimidines or purines.
2. DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine.
3. Nucleotides join together via phosphodiester bonds between the 3' carbon of one sugar and the 5' carbon of the next,
Chapter 13 packet
This document provides information about RNA, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It begins by contrasting the structures of RNA and DNA, explaining the three main types of RNA, and the process of transcription. It then discusses the genetic code, how translation works using tRNA and rRNA, and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document concludes by covering gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including how operons and transcription factors control gene expression to allow cell specialization.
Chapter13 worksheets
This document provides information about RNA, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It begins by contrasting the structures of RNA and DNA, explaining the three main types of RNA, and describing the process of transcription. It then discusses the genetic code, how translation works using tRNAs and ribosomes to assemble amino acids into proteins, and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document concludes by covering gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including how operons control gene expression and how transcription factors regulate development.
Recommended
IB Biology 2.7 Slides: Transcription & Translation
Transcription and translation allow genes to be expressed as proteins. Transcription involves RNA polymerase copying a gene from DNA into mRNA. Translation uses the mRNA code to assemble amino acids into a polypeptide chain via tRNA and ribosomes. The genetic code pairs 3-nucleotide codons in mRNA with specific amino acids. This allows DNA sequences to be converted into proteins through sequential transcription and translation.
please explain transcription and translationSolutionAnsTran.pdf
please explain transcription and translation
Solution
Ans:
Transcription is the process of making an RNA copy of a gene sequence. This copy, called a
messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule, leaves the cell nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it
directs the synthesis of the protein, which it encodes. Translation is the process of translating the
sequence of a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule to a sequence of amino acids during protein
synthesis. The genetic code describes the relationship between the sequence of base pairs in a
gene and the corresponding amino acid sequence that it encodes. In the cell cytoplasm, the
ribosome reads the sequence of the mRNA in groups of three bases to assemble the protein.
Transcription is the process by which DNA is copied (transcribed) to mRNA, which carries the
information needed for protein synthesis. Transcription takes place in two broad steps. First, pre-
messenger RNA is formed, with the involvement of RNA polymerase enzymes. The process
relies on Watson-Crick base pairing, and the resultant single strand of RNA is the reverse-
complement of the original DNA sequence. The pre-messenger RNA is then \"edited\" to
produce the desired mRNA molecule in a process called RNA splicing.
Formation of pre-messenger RNA
The mechanism of transcription has parallels in that of DNA replication. As with DNA
replication, partial unwinding of the double helix must occur before transcription can take place,
and it is the RNA polymerase enzymes that catalyze this process.
Unlike DNA replication, in which both strands are copied, only one strand is transcribed. The
strand that contains the gene is called the sense strand, while the complementary strand is the
antisense strand. The mRNA produced in transcription is a copy of the sense strand, but it is the
antisense strand that is transcribed.
Ribonucleotide triphosphates (NTPs) align along the antisense DNA strand, with Watson-Crick
base pairing (A pairs with U). RNA polymerase joins the ribonucleotides together to form a pre-
messenger RNA molecule that is complementary to a region of the antisense DNA strand.
Transcription ends when the RNA polymerase enzyme reaches a triplet of bases that is read as a
\"stop\" signal. The DNA molecule re-winds to re-form the double helix.
RNA splicing
The pre-messenger RNA thus formed contains introns which are not required for protein
synthesis. The pre-messenger RNA is chopped up to remove the introns and create messenger
RNA (mRNA) in a process called RNA splicing
Alternative splicing
In alternative splicing, individual exons are either spliced or included, giving rise to several
different possible mRNA products. Each mRNA product codes for a different protein isoform;
these protein isoforms differ in their peptide sequence and therefore their biological activity. It is
estimated that up to 60% of human gene products undergo alternative splicing.
Alternative splicing contributes to protein diversity a single gene transcript (RNA) can have
tho.
Transcription
1. RNA plays many roles in cells including functioning as biological catalysts and carrying genetic information.
2. RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template through the process of transcription. In transcription, RNA polymerase binds to DNA and synthesizes RNA in a 5' to 3' direction complementary to the DNA template.
3. Transcription is regulated through the use of promoters, which are DNA sequences that signal the start of transcription, as well as other transcriptional control elements.
translation.ppsx
The document summarizes the process of translation, where mRNA is read by ribosomes to produce a polypeptide chain according to the genetic code. It describes the key players in translation - mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes. It explains how tRNAs carry amino acids and base pair with mRNA codons. It also notes some differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation, such as mRNA modifications and subcellular localization in eukaryotes. Finally, it briefly discusses how some antibiotics work by impairing the bacterial translation process.
TYPES OF RNA.pptx
This document discusses the different types of RNA. It begins by defining RNA and describing its basic structure and components. It then discusses the main types of RNA - mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, snRNA and others - providing details on their structure, function, and role in protein synthesis. For each type, it covers topics like where they are found, what molecules they interact with, and their importance in cellular processes.
Dna Replication - Biochemistry Lecture
The document discusses the structure and function of nucleic acids and their components. It covers the following key points:
1. Nucleic acids are made of nucleotides, which consist of a nucleoside (a nitrogenous base linked to a 5-carbon sugar) and one or more phosphate groups. The bases are either pyrimidines or purines.
2. DNA contains the bases adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine, while RNA contains adenine, guanine, cytosine, and uracil instead of thymine.
3. Nucleotides join together via phosphodiester bonds between the 3' carbon of one sugar and the 5' carbon of the next,
Chapter 13 packet
This document provides information about RNA, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It begins by contrasting the structures of RNA and DNA, explaining the three main types of RNA, and the process of transcription. It then discusses the genetic code, how translation works using tRNA and rRNA, and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document concludes by covering gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including how operons and transcription factors control gene expression to allow cell specialization.
Chapter13 worksheets
This document provides information about RNA, transcription, translation, and gene regulation. It begins by contrasting the structures of RNA and DNA, explaining the three main types of RNA, and describing the process of transcription. It then discusses the genetic code, how translation works using tRNAs and ribosomes to assemble amino acids into proteins, and the central dogma of molecular biology. The document concludes by covering gene regulation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, including how operons control gene expression and how transcription factors regulate development.
genetic code 3.pptx for your science presentation this is what you need to do...
The document discusses the genetic code and process of protein synthesis. It explains that mRNA nucleotide sequences determine amino acid sequences in proteins. There are 64 possible codon combinations that code for 20 amino acids. tRNA molecules have an anticodon that is complementary to mRNA codons and carry amino acids. Translation occurs on ribosomes, where mRNA is read and amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to the codons. The process involves 5 steps - activation of tRNA, initiation, elongation, termination, and post-translational processing to form functional proteins.
Types of RNA
RNA is a polymer made up of nucleotides with a similar structure to DNA. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein translation. rRNA makes up 80% of total cellular RNA and combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.
Translational machinery
This document discusses the process of translation in cells. It defines translation as the process by which the genetic information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to direct the synthesis of proteins. The key components involved in translation are mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and ribosomes. Translation involves tRNAs carrying amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain according to the codons in the mRNA.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity and genetic variation. Key terms include:
- Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, phenotype is observable traits.
- Genes hold information to build cells and pass traits to offspring. The human genome contains 25,000-35,000 genes located on 23 chromosome pairs in the nucleus.
- DNA is transcribed to RNA and translated to proteins, which determine an organism's traits. Variations in genes and chromosomes can result in genetic disorders. Common methods to study genetics include karyotyping, analyzing pedigrees, and identifying alleles and mutations. Understanding genetics provides insight into inheritance patterns and human health.
CHARACTERS AND TYPES OF RNA
RNA has several types that serve different functions:
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome where protein is synthesized. It is single-stranded and contains a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and pairs them with mRNA codons during protein translation. It has a cloverleaf secondary structure.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major component of ribosomes and facilitates protein synthesis by providing the structural scaffold for the ribosome.
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (.pdf
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (what is the chemistry
underlying each information transfer event, which nucleotide sequences are involved etc.)
Solution
The genetic information is stored in Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA. DNA contains the information
needed to build an individual. Genetic information is transferred from DNA and converted to
protein.RNA molecules work as messengers.Proteins are the biological workers.Information of
the DNA is copied to a RNA molecule in transcription.RNA directs the protein synthesis in a
translation.Protein’s 3D structure determines it’s function.Information transfer only in one
direction.
The biological information flows from DNA to RNA,and from there to proteins.It is ultimately
the DNA that controls every function of the cell through protein synthesis.As a carrier of genetic
information,DNA in a cell must be duplicated (replicated),maintained and passed dawn
accurately to the daughter cells.
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid,which is found in chromosomes, contains inherited
information,they are made up of nucleotides,and are what make up genes. A nucleotide is
composed of a sugar (deoxyribose),a phosphate group,and a base.There are 4 bases found in
DNA, Adenine (A),Thymine (T),Guanine (G),and Cytosine (C).Adenine and guanine are double
ring bases while thymine and cytosine are single ring bases.Nucleotides are joined to each other
by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3\' carbon atom of the
deoxyribose (sugar) of the next nucleotide.Each DNA molecule is unique because the order of
nucleotides is unique. The order of nucleotides determines the order of amino acids in a
protein.RNA is a nucleic acid composed of nucleotides and consists of one strand of
nucleotides.There are three different types of RNA- Ribosomal,Messenger,and
Transfer.Ribosomal RNA is the RNA molecules found in ribosomes. The large subunit RNA
contains the enzymatic activity that makes the peptide bonds between amino acids. Messenger
RNA is what controls the order of amino acids in a protein and determines which gene it codes
for.Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.The transfer RNA has two recognition sites-
one recognizes an amino acid and the other recognizes one codon.The transfer RNA brings the
the correct amino acid to the ribosome.
Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated
in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA).Enzymes facilitating the
process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors.In eukaryotic cells the primary
transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to proceed.Processing
includes the addition of a 5\' cap and a poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA chain,followed by
splicing.Alternative splicing occurs when appropriate, increasing the diversity of the proteins
that any single mRNA can produce.The product of the entire transcription process is a mature
mRNA ch.
BiologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses protein synthesis which begins with DNA carrying the code for amino acid sequences. During transcription, a copy of the DNA sequence is made into messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and mRNA codons. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form the polypeptide chain.
Rna structure
RNA has several types that perform different functions in the cell. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis by binding to mRNA codons through complementary base pairing. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the major constituent of ribosomes and plays key roles in protein synthesis such as catalyzing peptide bond formation. The different RNA types have distinct structures that enable their functions.
B10vrv4132
Ribosomes play a key role in protein synthesis by assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains based on the mRNA code. The genetic code is translated as mRNA is read three bases at a time (codons) by ribosomes to determine which amino acid to add to the chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the protein is released and translation is complete. The central dogma of molecular biology explains that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
CVA Biology I - B10vrv4132
Ribosomes play a key role in protein synthesis by assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains based on the mRNA codon sequence. The genetic code is transcribed from DNA to mRNA and translated to proteins. During translation, tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codon-anticodon complementarity. The ribosome facilitates peptide bond formation between amino acids until a stop codon is reached. This process demonstrates how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
This presentation is about a type of nucleic acid which is called RNA. in this presentation we will discuss RNA. its types, its structure and Functions etc. Like and download my slide so i will upload more and more presentations for you peoples.
Please find the answers and explanations belowPart 1 (TrueFalse).pdf
Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1 (True/False)
1. Replication and transcription proceed in 5\' to 3\' direction: TRUE (Both DNA replication and
transcription of mRNA proceed in 5\' to 3\' direcition. This is because the firstly, the DNA
polymerase retains only 5\' to 3\' directionality and thus, replication begins only in this direction.
.Secondarily, there must be sequence similarity between the DNA and the RNA transcribed from
it thus the orientation of transcription is necessarily 5\' to 3\' in nature)
2. All cells have telomerase activity : FALSE (Telomerase or terminal transferase is an enzyme
which is required for maintenance of terminal positions of chromosomes by self-replication and
prevents shortening of chromosomes. It also prevents sticking of chromosomes together and thus
clumping of chromosomes. Telomerase acitivty is absent in majority of somatic cells in the
body.)
3. Only mRNA is transcribed: TRUE (Only the mRNA which carries the necessary information
for translation is transcribed from the DNA template. The tRNA is utilized to transfer the
transcribed information and rRNA is utilized to generate the polypeptide on the ribosomal
surface during translation)
4. Promoter regions are upstream from the gene: TRUE (A gene promoter is the region of DNA
located upstream the gene to be transcribed and carries the consensus sequence which could be
recognized by RNA polymerase for its binding and carrying on transcription)
5. A single tRNA can carry several different amino acids: FALSE (The tRNA is specific for only
one kind of amino acid which it could carry. It is a highly stringent and specific nature of this
biomolecule which determines the specificness for the amino acid which will be synthesized
from the codon)
Part 2
Please find the definitions below:
1. Semi-conservative replication: The mode of replication of double stranded DNA in which a
daughter DNA molecules carries a strand from parent DNA and the complementary strand is
synthesized de novo is called semi-conservative replication.
2. Okazaki fragments: Okazaki fragments are short stretches of DNA synthesized
discountinuously on the lagging strand on the open frame of the parent DNA. These stretches of
DNA are finally conjoined together to form a continous strand of newly synthesized DNA.
3. Consensus sequence: Consensus sequences are those genetically conserved sequences of DNA
which remain similar (upto 99%) within organisms of same or different species and are actively
engaged in crucial functions such as promoter region binding, transcription sites for transcription
factors, enzymatic genes etc. Any change or deterioration in these consesus sequence might be
highly deletrious for the cells.
4. Codon: A codon can be defined as a triplet set of nucleotides which come in a specific order
and encode for a specific type of amino acid upon translation. For example, the codon AAA
encodes for amino acid lysine. Exceptionally, codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not .
RNA- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand.
7-Transcription of DNA into mRNA and fuerhermore
DNA share its complementary information in the form of mRNA formation that is known as transcription.
12.3 DNA - RNA - Amino Acid - Protein
RNA and protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to produce mRNA through the enzymatic action of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and binds to ribosomes for translation. During translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide or protein chain. Translation stops when a stop codon is reached.
Types of RNA
mRNA conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it specifies the amino acid sequence of proteins. mRNA is first transcribed from pre-mRNA and then translated into a polymer of amino acids at the ribosome according to the genetic code stored in codons of three nucleotides each. Ribosomes, composed of rRNA and proteins, move along mRNA during translation and assemble the growing polypeptide chain specified by the mRNA.
Translation
Translation involves mRNA carrying genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes decode the code into proteins. Ribosomes attach to mRNA and read its sequence three nucleotides at a time, using transfer RNA and its anticodons to specify amino acids. Peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids into a polypeptide chain. Multiple ribosomes can attach to a single mRNA strand simultaneously to speed up protein production.
RNA
RNA and DNA are nucleic acids that differ in their chemical structure and functions. RNA is typically single-stranded and can form hairpin loops, while DNA is double-stranded. There are various types of RNA that serve different cellular roles. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein assembly according to the mRNA sequence. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a core component of ribosomes and plays a key role in protein translation.
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
1. Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is used to direct the assembly of amino acids into proteins according to the base sequence of the mRNA.
2. The ribosome reads the mRNA codon by codon and matches each codon to a corresponding tRNA carrying its complementary amino acid.
3. Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation through peptide bond formation, and termination when a stop codon is reached and the protein is released.
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
1. Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is used to direct the assembly of amino acids into proteins according to the base sequence of the mRNA.
2. The ribosome reads the mRNA codon by codon and matches each codon to a corresponding tRNA carrying its complementary amino acid.
3. Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation through peptide bond formation, and termination when a stop codon is reached and the protein is released.
JAVALAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTSThe next exercise is based on this.pdf
JAVA
LAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTS
The next exercise is based on this implemetation for an UnorderedArrayList of integers:
//Interface: ArrayListADT
//works for int
public interface ArrayListADT {
public boolean isEmpty(); //Method to determine whether the list is empty.
public boolean isFull(); //Method to determine whether the list is full.
public int listSize(); //Method to return the number of elements in the list.
public int maxListSize(); //Method to return the maximum size of the list.
public void print(); //Method to output the elements of the list.
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item); //Method to determine whether item is
the same as the item in the list at location.
public void insertAt(int location, int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem in the list at
the position
public void insertEnd(int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem at the end of the list.
public void removeAt(int location); //Method to remove the item from the list at location.
public int retrieveAt(int location); //Method to retrieve the element from the list at location.
public void replaceAt(int location, int repItem); //Method to replace the element in the list at
location with repItem.
public void clearList(); //Method to remove all the elements from the list.
public int search(int searchItem); //Method to determine whether searchItem is in the list.
public void remove(int removeItem); //Method to remove an item from the list.
}
//Class: ArrayListClass implements
//Interface: ArrayListADT
public abstract class ArrayListClass implements ArrayListADT {
protected int length; //to store the length of the list
protected int maxSize; //to store the maximum size of the list
protected int[] list; //array to hold the list elements
//Default constructor
public ArrayListClass() {
maxSize = 100;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
//Alternate Constructor
public ArrayListClass(int size) {
if(size <= 0) {
System.err.println(\"The array size must be positive. Creating an array of size 100.\");
maxSize = 100;
}
else
maxSize = size;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (length == 0);
}
public boolean isFull() {
return (length == maxSize);
}
public int listSize() {
return length;
}
public int maxListSize() {
return maxSize;
}
public void print() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
System.out.print(list[i] + \" \");
System.out.println();
}
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length) {
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be compared is out of range.\");
return false;
}
return list[location]== item;
}
public void clearList() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
list[i] = 0;
length = 0;
System.gc(); //invoke the Java garbage collector
}
public void removeAt(int location) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length)
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be removed is out of range.\");
else {
for(int i = location; i < length - 1; i++)
list[i] = list[i + 1.
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year o.pdf
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year old salt crystal and grown up
in a university laboratory in Westchester PA. What did the scientists isolate and why do you
think it survived 250 million years?
Solution
Halophile is salt loving, They are extremophiles which live in high saline environment. They
adapt different strategies to survive in the extreme salt conditions. These adaptations are-
Hence the halophile survived 250 million years.
More Related Content
Similar to Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in t.pdf
genetic code 3.pptx for your science presentation this is what you need to do...
The document discusses the genetic code and process of protein synthesis. It explains that mRNA nucleotide sequences determine amino acid sequences in proteins. There are 64 possible codon combinations that code for 20 amino acids. tRNA molecules have an anticodon that is complementary to mRNA codons and carry amino acids. Translation occurs on ribosomes, where mRNA is read and amino acids are assembled into polypeptide chains according to the codons. The process involves 5 steps - activation of tRNA, initiation, elongation, termination, and post-translational processing to form functional proteins.
Types of RNA
RNA is a polymer made up of nucleotides with a similar structure to DNA. There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. tRNA transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein translation. rRNA makes up 80% of total cellular RNA and combines with proteins to form ribosomes, the sites of protein synthesis.
Translational machinery
This document discusses the process of translation in cells. It defines translation as the process by which the genetic information in messenger RNA (mRNA) is used to direct the synthesis of proteins. The key components involved in translation are mRNA, transfer RNA (tRNA), aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, and ribosomes. Translation involves tRNAs carrying amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together into a polypeptide chain according to the codons in the mRNA.
Genetics
Genetics is the study of heredity and genetic variation. Key terms include:
- Genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism, phenotype is observable traits.
- Genes hold information to build cells and pass traits to offspring. The human genome contains 25,000-35,000 genes located on 23 chromosome pairs in the nucleus.
- DNA is transcribed to RNA and translated to proteins, which determine an organism's traits. Variations in genes and chromosomes can result in genetic disorders. Common methods to study genetics include karyotyping, analyzing pedigrees, and identifying alleles and mutations. Understanding genetics provides insight into inheritance patterns and human health.
CHARACTERS AND TYPES OF RNA
RNA has several types that serve different functions:
- Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosome where protein is synthesized. It is single-stranded and contains a 5' cap and 3' poly-A tail.
- Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports specific amino acids to the ribosome and pairs them with mRNA codons during protein translation. It has a cloverleaf secondary structure.
- Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a major component of ribosomes and facilitates protein synthesis by providing the structural scaffold for the ribosome.
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (.pdf
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (what is the chemistry
underlying each information transfer event, which nucleotide sequences are involved etc.)
Solution
The genetic information is stored in Deoxyribonucleic acid,DNA. DNA contains the information
needed to build an individual. Genetic information is transferred from DNA and converted to
protein.RNA molecules work as messengers.Proteins are the biological workers.Information of
the DNA is copied to a RNA molecule in transcription.RNA directs the protein synthesis in a
translation.Protein’s 3D structure determines it’s function.Information transfer only in one
direction.
The biological information flows from DNA to RNA,and from there to proteins.It is ultimately
the DNA that controls every function of the cell through protein synthesis.As a carrier of genetic
information,DNA in a cell must be duplicated (replicated),maintained and passed dawn
accurately to the daughter cells.
DNA is deoxyribonucleic acid,which is found in chromosomes, contains inherited
information,they are made up of nucleotides,and are what make up genes. A nucleotide is
composed of a sugar (deoxyribose),a phosphate group,and a base.There are 4 bases found in
DNA, Adenine (A),Thymine (T),Guanine (G),and Cytosine (C).Adenine and guanine are double
ring bases while thymine and cytosine are single ring bases.Nucleotides are joined to each other
by covalent bonds between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the 3\' carbon atom of the
deoxyribose (sugar) of the next nucleotide.Each DNA molecule is unique because the order of
nucleotides is unique. The order of nucleotides determines the order of amino acids in a
protein.RNA is a nucleic acid composed of nucleotides and consists of one strand of
nucleotides.There are three different types of RNA- Ribosomal,Messenger,and
Transfer.Ribosomal RNA is the RNA molecules found in ribosomes. The large subunit RNA
contains the enzymatic activity that makes the peptide bonds between amino acids. Messenger
RNA is what controls the order of amino acids in a protein and determines which gene it codes
for.Transfer RNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.The transfer RNA has two recognition sites-
one recognizes an amino acid and the other recognizes one codon.The transfer RNA brings the
the correct amino acid to the ribosome.
Transcription is the process by which the information contained in a section of DNA is replicated
in the form of a newly assembled piece of messenger RNA (mRNA).Enzymes facilitating the
process include RNA polymerase and transcription factors.In eukaryotic cells the primary
transcript is pre-mRNA. Pre-mRNA must be processed for translation to proceed.Processing
includes the addition of a 5\' cap and a poly-A tail to the pre-mRNA chain,followed by
splicing.Alternative splicing occurs when appropriate, increasing the diversity of the proteins
that any single mRNA can produce.The product of the entire transcription process is a mature
mRNA ch.
BiologyExchange.co.uk Shared Resource
The document discusses protein synthesis which begins with DNA carrying the code for amino acid sequences. During transcription, a copy of the DNA sequence is made into messenger RNA (mRNA) which then leaves the nucleus. During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosome based on complementary base pairing between the tRNA anticodon and mRNA codons. Amino acids are joined by peptide bonds to form the polypeptide chain.
Rna structure
RNA has several types that perform different functions in the cell. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transfers amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis by binding to mRNA codons through complementary base pairing. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is the major constituent of ribosomes and plays key roles in protein synthesis such as catalyzing peptide bond formation. The different RNA types have distinct structures that enable their functions.
B10vrv4132
Ribosomes play a key role in protein synthesis by assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains based on the mRNA code. The genetic code is translated as mRNA is read three bases at a time (codons) by ribosomes to determine which amino acid to add to the chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the protein is released and translation is complete. The central dogma of molecular biology explains that genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.
CVA Biology I - B10vrv4132
Ribosomes play a key role in protein synthesis by assembling amino acids into polypeptide chains based on the mRNA codon sequence. The genetic code is transcribed from DNA to mRNA and translated to proteins. During translation, tRNAs bring amino acids to the ribosome based on mRNA codon-anticodon complementarity. The ribosome facilitates peptide bond formation between amino acids until a stop codon is reached. This process demonstrates how genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to proteins.
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)
This presentation is about a type of nucleic acid which is called RNA. in this presentation we will discuss RNA. its types, its structure and Functions etc. Like and download my slide so i will upload more and more presentations for you peoples.
Please find the answers and explanations belowPart 1 (TrueFalse).pdf
Please find the answers and explanations below:
Part 1 (True/False)
1. Replication and transcription proceed in 5\' to 3\' direction: TRUE (Both DNA replication and
transcription of mRNA proceed in 5\' to 3\' direcition. This is because the firstly, the DNA
polymerase retains only 5\' to 3\' directionality and thus, replication begins only in this direction.
.Secondarily, there must be sequence similarity between the DNA and the RNA transcribed from
it thus the orientation of transcription is necessarily 5\' to 3\' in nature)
2. All cells have telomerase activity : FALSE (Telomerase or terminal transferase is an enzyme
which is required for maintenance of terminal positions of chromosomes by self-replication and
prevents shortening of chromosomes. It also prevents sticking of chromosomes together and thus
clumping of chromosomes. Telomerase acitivty is absent in majority of somatic cells in the
body.)
3. Only mRNA is transcribed: TRUE (Only the mRNA which carries the necessary information
for translation is transcribed from the DNA template. The tRNA is utilized to transfer the
transcribed information and rRNA is utilized to generate the polypeptide on the ribosomal
surface during translation)
4. Promoter regions are upstream from the gene: TRUE (A gene promoter is the region of DNA
located upstream the gene to be transcribed and carries the consensus sequence which could be
recognized by RNA polymerase for its binding and carrying on transcription)
5. A single tRNA can carry several different amino acids: FALSE (The tRNA is specific for only
one kind of amino acid which it could carry. It is a highly stringent and specific nature of this
biomolecule which determines the specificness for the amino acid which will be synthesized
from the codon)
Part 2
Please find the definitions below:
1. Semi-conservative replication: The mode of replication of double stranded DNA in which a
daughter DNA molecules carries a strand from parent DNA and the complementary strand is
synthesized de novo is called semi-conservative replication.
2. Okazaki fragments: Okazaki fragments are short stretches of DNA synthesized
discountinuously on the lagging strand on the open frame of the parent DNA. These stretches of
DNA are finally conjoined together to form a continous strand of newly synthesized DNA.
3. Consensus sequence: Consensus sequences are those genetically conserved sequences of DNA
which remain similar (upto 99%) within organisms of same or different species and are actively
engaged in crucial functions such as promoter region binding, transcription sites for transcription
factors, enzymatic genes etc. Any change or deterioration in these consesus sequence might be
highly deletrious for the cells.
4. Codon: A codon can be defined as a triplet set of nucleotides which come in a specific order
and encode for a specific type of amino acid upon translation. For example, the codon AAA
encodes for amino acid lysine. Exceptionally, codons UAA, UAG and UGA do not .
RNA- STRUCTURE AND FUNCTIONS
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation, and expression of genes. RNA and DNA are nucleic acids, and, along with proteins and carbohydrates, constitute the four major macromolecules essential for all known forms of life. Like DNA, RNA is assembled as a chain of nucleotides, but unlike DNA it is more often found in nature as a single-strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double-strand.
7-Transcription of DNA into mRNA and fuerhermore
DNA share its complementary information in the form of mRNA formation that is known as transcription.
12.3 DNA - RNA - Amino Acid - Protein
RNA and protein synthesis involves two main steps: transcription and translation. During transcription, DNA is used as a template to produce mRNA through the enzymatic action of RNA polymerase. The mRNA then leaves the nucleus and binds to ribosomes for translation. During translation, tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA codon sequence. The amino acids are linked together to form a polypeptide or protein chain. Translation stops when a stop codon is reached.
Types of RNA
mRNA conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosome, where it specifies the amino acid sequence of proteins. mRNA is first transcribed from pre-mRNA and then translated into a polymer of amino acids at the ribosome according to the genetic code stored in codons of three nucleotides each. Ribosomes, composed of rRNA and proteins, move along mRNA during translation and assemble the growing polypeptide chain specified by the mRNA.
Translation
Translation involves mRNA carrying genetic code from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where ribosomes decode the code into proteins. Ribosomes attach to mRNA and read its sequence three nucleotides at a time, using transfer RNA and its anticodons to specify amino acids. Peptidyl transferase catalyzes the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids into a polypeptide chain. Multiple ribosomes can attach to a single mRNA strand simultaneously to speed up protein production.
RNA
RNA and DNA are nucleic acids that differ in their chemical structure and functions. RNA is typically single-stranded and can form hairpin loops, while DNA is double-stranded. There are various types of RNA that serve different cellular roles. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Transfer RNA (tRNA) transports amino acids to the ribosome during protein assembly according to the mRNA sequence. Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a core component of ribosomes and plays a key role in protein translation.
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
1. Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is used to direct the assembly of amino acids into proteins according to the base sequence of the mRNA.
2. The ribosome reads the mRNA codon by codon and matches each codon to a corresponding tRNA carrying its complementary amino acid.
3. Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation through peptide bond formation, and termination when a stop codon is reached and the protein is released.
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
1. Translation is the process by which the genetic code carried by mRNA is used to direct the assembly of amino acids into proteins according to the base sequence of the mRNA.
2. The ribosome reads the mRNA codon by codon and matches each codon to a corresponding tRNA carrying its complementary amino acid.
3. Protein synthesis involves initiation, elongation through peptide bond formation, and termination when a stop codon is reached and the protein is released.
Similar to Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in t.pdf (20)
genetic code 3.pptx for your science presentation this is what you need to do...
genetic code 3.pptx for your science presentation this is what you need to do...
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (.pdf
Provide an in depth description of biological information transfer (.pdf
Please find the answers and explanations belowPart 1 (TrueFalse).pdf
Please find the answers and explanations belowPart 1 (TrueFalse).pdf
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
Transcriptional, Translational, and Post-translational Regulation.pdf
More from arpaqindia
JAVALAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTSThe next exercise is based on this.pdf
JAVA
LAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTS
The next exercise is based on this implemetation for an UnorderedArrayList of integers:
//Interface: ArrayListADT
//works for int
public interface ArrayListADT {
public boolean isEmpty(); //Method to determine whether the list is empty.
public boolean isFull(); //Method to determine whether the list is full.
public int listSize(); //Method to return the number of elements in the list.
public int maxListSize(); //Method to return the maximum size of the list.
public void print(); //Method to output the elements of the list.
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item); //Method to determine whether item is
the same as the item in the list at location.
public void insertAt(int location, int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem in the list at
the position
public void insertEnd(int insertItem); //Method to insert insertItem at the end of the list.
public void removeAt(int location); //Method to remove the item from the list at location.
public int retrieveAt(int location); //Method to retrieve the element from the list at location.
public void replaceAt(int location, int repItem); //Method to replace the element in the list at
location with repItem.
public void clearList(); //Method to remove all the elements from the list.
public int search(int searchItem); //Method to determine whether searchItem is in the list.
public void remove(int removeItem); //Method to remove an item from the list.
}
//Class: ArrayListClass implements
//Interface: ArrayListADT
public abstract class ArrayListClass implements ArrayListADT {
protected int length; //to store the length of the list
protected int maxSize; //to store the maximum size of the list
protected int[] list; //array to hold the list elements
//Default constructor
public ArrayListClass() {
maxSize = 100;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
//Alternate Constructor
public ArrayListClass(int size) {
if(size <= 0) {
System.err.println(\"The array size must be positive. Creating an array of size 100.\");
maxSize = 100;
}
else
maxSize = size;
length = 0;
list = new int[maxSize];
}
public boolean isEmpty() {
return (length == 0);
}
public boolean isFull() {
return (length == maxSize);
}
public int listSize() {
return length;
}
public int maxListSize() {
return maxSize;
}
public void print() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
System.out.print(list[i] + \" \");
System.out.println();
}
public boolean isItemAtEqual(int location, int item) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length) {
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be compared is out of range.\");
return false;
}
return list[location]== item;
}
public void clearList() {
for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
list[i] = 0;
length = 0;
System.gc(); //invoke the Java garbage collector
}
public void removeAt(int location) {
if (location < 0 || location >= length)
System.err.println(\"The location of the item to be removed is out of range.\");
else {
for(int i = location; i < length - 1; i++)
list[i] = list[i + 1.
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year o.pdf
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year old salt crystal and grown up
in a university laboratory in Westchester PA. What did the scientists isolate and why do you
think it survived 250 million years?
Solution
Halophile is salt loving, They are extremophiles which live in high saline environment. They
adapt different strategies to survive in the extreme salt conditions. These adaptations are-
Hence the halophile survived 250 million years.
In in the image seen here, in which direction would you expect water .pdf
In in the image seen here, in which direction would you expect water to move if the membrane
is not permeable to the solute? It would move equally between both sides. Right to left Left to
right
Solution
The process shown here is called as Osmosis.. According to which the movement of water
molecules take place from the region higher concentration to a region of lower water
concentration when separated by the semi - permeable Membrane..
In this the left side contains more water molecules concentration then right side as the right side
contains more solute molecules...
Soo, the movement will be from Left Side to Right side...!!!!.
How does the movement of DNA fragments on the gel and the movemen.pdf
How does the movement of DNA fragments on the gel and the movement of the ethilisim
troemide in the eel affect the appearance of the DNA fragments?
Solution
Answer:
the movement of DNA happens from a negative charged electrode to positively charged
electrode as the DNA is negatively charged.
By applying the electric field through the agarose gel matrix DNA is seperated on the basis of
size.
Ethidium bromide is a flourescent dye which intercalates into circular DNA and can
sunsequently change the charge, length, as well as the superhelicity of the DNA molecule,
EtBr presence in gel during electrophoresis can affect movement of DNA. Agarose gel
electrophoresis can be used to resolve circular DNA with different supercoiling topology.
as more EtBr binds between the DNA bases, the molecule stiffens and hence mobility is
decreased as compared to same frangment being run without EtBr.
Ethedium bromide is positively charged and runs from the positive electrode towards the
negative electrode. i.e opposite direction of movement of DNA.
hence when the two encounter, the intercalaton happens, leading to flourescence of orange red
colour under UV light..
Genetics Homework Problem 1 You are mapping genes in a species of f.pdf
Genetics Homework Problem 1: You are mapping genes in a species of fruit fly. You cross a
wild type fly to a fly from a true breeding mutant strain with green eyes (g), short wings (s w),
and hairy legs (hl). The F1 progeny all appear wild type (red eyes, long wings, smooth legs).
You then testcross a female F1 fly to a male from the mutant strain, and obtain 200 progeny a.
What are the genotypes of the two tiles in the test cross?_____ times ______ b. How many
progeny of each phenotype would be expected if the genes were assorting independently? c. Can
you reject independent assortment at P=0.05? Use statistical evidence to back up your claim. d.
Assuming these genes are all linked on the same chromosome, draw a genetic map showing the
order and map distances between the three genes.
Solution
Answer:
a). The genotypes of the two flies in the test cross: Gg Swsw Hlhl X gg swsw hlhl
b). If the genes were assorting independently, 8 types of phenotypes are expected in equl
proportions
1:1:1:1:1:1:1:1
Green, short, hair: 1
Red, long, smooth: 1
Green, long, smooth: 1
Green, short, smooth: 1
Red, short, hairy: 1
Red, long, hairy: 1
Green, long, hairy: 1
Red, short, hairy: 1
c).
Phenotype
Observed(O)
Expected (E)
O-E
(O-E)2
(O-E)2/E
Green, short, hair:
44
25
19
361.00
14.44
Red, long, smooth
42
25
17
289.00
11.56
Green, long, smooth
20
25
-5
25.00
1.00
Green, short, smooth
5
25
-20
400.00
16.00
Red, short, hairy
20
25
-5
25.00
1.00
Red, long, hairy
7
25
-18
324.00
12.96
Green, long, hairy
30
25
5
25.00
1.00
Red, short, hairy
32
25
7
49.00
1.96
200
200
59.92
Chi-square value = 59.92
The independent assortment at P=0.05 is rejected.
d).
Explanation
Shorthand
Number of progeny
g sw hl
44
G Sw Hl
42
g Sw Hl
20
g sw Hl
5
G sw hl
20
G Sw hl
7
g Sw hl
30
G sw Hl
32
Imagine the order is
G SW Hl / g sw hl
1. If single cross over (SCO) occurs between G & Sw
Normal order= G---------Sw & g-----sw
After cross over= G-----sw & g------Sw
G-----sw recombinants are 20+ 32 = 52
g----- Sw recombinants are 20+ 30 = 50
Total recombinants = 102
RF = (102/200.)*100 =51%
2. If single cross over (SCO) occurs between Sw & Hl
Normal order= Sw---------Hl & sw----hl
After cross over= Sw-----hl & sw------Hl
Sw-----hl recombinants are 30 + 7 = 37
sw------Hl recombinants are 32+5 = 37
Total recombinants = 74
RF = (74/200)*100 = 37%
3. If single cross over (SCO) occurs between G & Hl
Normal order= G---------Hl & g------hl
After cross over= G-----hl & g------Hl
G-----hl recombinants are 20 + 7=27
g------Hl recombinants are 20+5=25
Total recombinants = 52
RF = (52/200)*100 = 26%
% RF = Map unit distance
The order of genes is -----
G------26 m.u.--------Hl------37 m.u.---------Sw
Gene for color of eyes and length of wings are not linked. The gene for legs is linked with gene
for wings & gene for eye.
Phenotype
Observed(O)
Expected (E)
O-E
(O-E)2
(O-E)2/E
Green, short, hair:
44
25
19
361.00
14.44
Red, long, smooth
42
25
17
289.00
11.56
Green, long, smooth
20
25
-5
25.00
1.00
Green, sho.
For f(x) =2x, find a formula for the Riemann sum obtained by dividin.pdf
For f(x) =2x, find a formula for the Riemann sum obtained by dividing the interval [2.5]
subintervals and using the right hand endpoint for each ck. Simplify the sum and take the limit as
n--> infinity to calculate the area under the curve over [2,5]
please show all of your work as be as descriptive as you can I appreciate your help thank you!
Solution
a=2, b =5, x =(b-a)/n =(5-2)/n =3/n
f(x)=2x
xi=a+ ix =2+i(3/n)
f(xi)=2(2+3(i/n))
the area under the curve over [2,5] is =limn->[i =1 to n]f(xi)x
=limn->[i =1 to n]2(2+3(i/n))(3/n)
=limn->[i =1 to n]6((2/n)+3(i/n2))
=limn-> 6((2n/n)+3(n(n+1)/2n2))
=limn-> 6(2 +3((1+(1/n))/2))
= 6(2 +3((1+0)/2))
=6(2 +3(1/2))
=6(2 +(3/2))
=6(7/2)
=3*7
=21
the area under the curve over [2,5] is 21.
Fibroblasts are the typical cells of simple squamous epithelium. Dens.pdf
Fibroblasts are the typical cells of simple squamous epithelium. Dense connective tissue, cardiac
muscle tissue. skeletal muscle tissue. nervous tissue.
Solution
Answer :- option B
Explanation:- Fibroblast are the type of cells that synthesise extracellular matrix and collagen
and are part of connective tissue..
Explain the difference between an observational study and a designed.pdf
Explain the difference between an observational study and a designed experiment?
Solution
An observational study simply take down the properties of its subjects, without manipulating
them or interfering with their activities.
In a designed experiment, the researcher may change the environment or circumstances of some
of the sample in order to compare, say, a control and a treatment group..
Discuss the recruitment and selection procedure done by human resour.pdf
Discuss the recruitment and selection procedure done by human resource management?
Solution
The procedure of recruitment and selection done by the human resource management involves
five distinct and basic aspects which are as follows:
1. CRITERIA DEVELOPMENT: Those individuals which are involved in the process of hiring
should be trained enough to develop criteria , to conduct interview , to review the resumes , to
develop the questions for interview , to weigh the candidates.
In this step the basic thing is to plan the interview and develop the criteria as which of the
sources are to be used during interview and how to use these sources to score better in the
interview.The criteria should be job focussed and also the focus should be on the personality.
In this process the involvement of discussion of the skills, abilities and some personal
characteristics takes place that are required to have to the job.Before reviewing the resumes by
developing this criteria can be sure that he is fair in selecting the applicants to interview.The
application should include the details of the candidate , previous job experience certificates and
educational qualification certificates.
2. APPLICATION AND REVIEWING OF RESUME : After the completion of step 1 the
applications can now be reviewed. There are different ways to go through this process but there
are various computer based programs that can search for the keywords in the resumes and
shortlist the number of resumes that can b looked into.
3. INTERVIEW PROCESS : After shortlisting those applicants who have met the minimum
criteria.The HR manager selects these applicants for the interview.Due to lack of time sometimes
interview is being done on phone.
4. TEST ADMINISTRATION : Before the hiring decision is made any number of test are
administered. The tests may be physical tests ,drug tests, response test, credit report checks,
personality tests, etc.
5. OFFER MAKING PROCESS : This is the final step in which the choosen candidate is offered
the job position. The offer can b developed through email or through the job letter.All the
benefits and compensation are discussed in the offer letter..
Do The statement of stockholders equity explains changes in equity.pdf
Do The statement of stockholder\'s equity explains changes in equity from net income?
Solution
Statement of equity is a summary of changes in share holders equity during the reporting period.
The statemnt includes all changes including issue of new stocks, payment of dividend, issue of
bonus shares, buy back of shares. It also includes changes to retained earnings, reserves and
stock reserve.
Distribution of dividend from net income and transfer of remaining balance to reserves are
shown at the bottom of P&L account.
The remaining balance of profits transferred to reserves are reflected in Statement of changes in
equity as addition to retained earnings.
Hope I have answered the question, for any further clarification please comment..
Describe what is meant by “radical cure” and identify the drug that .pdf
Describe what is meant by “radical cure” and identify the drug that is produces a radical cure for
malaria.
Solution
Radical cure refers to the elimination of malaria parasites completely from the body.It
specifically refers to the elimination of hypnozoites of P.vivax and P. ovale which are the
parasitic stages in the liver and could result in relapse of the infection. A combination of two
drugs i.e chloroquine and primaquine produces a radical cure for malaria..
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obt.pdf
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon energy.
Include an example of each.
Solution
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obtain carbon and energy.
Almost all organisms on the earth need energy to do their work, and carbon to use in building
their chemical structures. And these two (energy and carbon) has to be obtained from external
sources, based on the way they obtain energy and carbon, organisms are broadly classified into
four different groups.
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This type
of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals
Classification
Obtaining energy and carbon
Examples
Autotrophs
Photoautotrophs
They get energy from sunlight and will not depend on other organisms for carbon. Use CO2 as a
carbon source.
All photosynthetic prokaryotes
Plants (eukaryotes)
Chemoautotrophs
These make use of inorganic chemicals as an energy source. For example, H2S, Fe2+ etc and
CO2 will serve as a carbon source.
Archaea living in hydrothermal vents.
Heterotrophs
Photoheterotrophs
Use light as an energy source and will use organic molecules as a carbon source. These type of
organisms are rare.
Heliobacteria, non-sulfur bacteria, green non-sulfur bacteria etc
Chemoheterotrophs
Use organic molecules like sugars as an energy source.
Use organic molecules like proteins, sugars, fats, nucleic acids, etc. as a carbon source. This
type of nutrition is most common form of nutrition on Earth
Most of the prokaryotes, protists, fungi, and animals.
Decasper and Spence (1986) measured babies sucking rates as they lis.pdf
Decasper and Spence (1986) measured babies sucking rates as they liscenced to a story they had
heard in the womb (the cat in the hat) and to a story they had not heard (the king, the mice, and
the cheese) the study concluded that:
a.) amniotic fluid blocks sound waves from reaching the fetus
b) increased heart rate showed that an infant can learn even before it is born
c) different sucking styles and rates showed that an infant can learn even before it is born
d) the cadence of the reading material not previous experience altered sucking style and rate
Solution
different sucking styles and rates showed that an infant can learn even before it is born.
Corhin Eckles and Connor Hayes have recieved walkie talkies for Chri.pdf
Corhin Eckles and Connor Hayes have recieved walkie talkies for Christmas. If they leave from
the same point at the same time, Corhin walking north at 2.5 mph and Connor walking east at 3
mph, how long will they be able to talk to each other if the range of the walkie-talkies is 4 mi?
Solution
Corhin DATA:
distance= x miles; rate=2.5 mph; time=d/r= x/2.5
Connor DATA:
distance= y miles; rate=3 mph; time=y/4
EQUATIONS:
1) x^2+y^2=4^2
2) x/2.5 = y/4
Using 2) you get y=4x/2.5
Substitute into 1) to get x^2+(4x/2.5)^2=16
x^2+(16x^2/6.25)=16
6.25x^2+16x^2=16(6.25)
22.25x^2=100
x^2=100/22.25=4.49...
x=2.12 hrs.
x/2.5= 0.85 hrs. = 50.87 minutes
This is Corhin\'s time, but it is the same for Connor..
Consider three genes in a hypothetical bird. One controls the color o.pdf
Consider three genes in a hypothetical bird. One controls the color of feathers on the top of the
head (red or brown), one controls the color of feathers on the chest (black or brown) and one
controls the number of syllables in the song (3 or 4). You notice that birds frequently have either
red heads and black chests or brown heads and brown chests, but very few have red heads and
brown chests or brown heads and black chests. However, there doesn\'t seem to be any
association between the syllables in the bird song and color. In other words, red heads are
equally likely to sing songs with 3 or 4 syllables, and the same goes for the brown heads. Based
on what you know about how the genome is organized and passed down to the next generation,
explain this observation.
Solution
The observation can be attributed to the mechanism of genetic linkage.
It is a well known fact that genes get passed from one generation to another. Mendel\'s second
law of inheritance states that during this process, the inheritance of one gene is independent of
the inheritance of another gene. Howeve, this law holds true only when the different genes are
sufficiently spaced apart from each other. Inother words, if the genes are close to each other, it is
difficult for them to be inherited in an independent manner. If one of the genes is inherited, then
the other gene (by virtue of its proximity to the first gene) also tends to get inherited. This
phenomenon is called as genetic linkage, and the genes involved are said to be Linked Genes.
The same mechanism is in action in the above case.
The genes for Red Head and Black Crest are linked, as are the genes for Brown Head and Brown
Crest. Therefore, these two genes are inherited in a linked manner, and not in an independent
manner. The two genes therefore behave as One Single Gene.
The gene for song syllable is at a sufficient distance from the linked genes, and follows
Mendel\'s law of independent assortment and is not dependent on the presence or absence of the
former two traits..
Answer the following questions What is the domain of logarithmic fun.pdf
The domain of any logarithmic function is positive real numbers. The range of a logarithmic function is all real numbers. The approximate value of e to 4 decimal places is 2.7183.
are organic compounds that bind very tightly to iron ions for transp.pdf
are organic compounds that bind very tightly to iron ions for transport into cells.
Solution
Organisms like bacteria secrerte substances called siderophores which bind to iron for transport
inside the cell. Iron is one of the important micronutrients for the bacterial metabolism.
Ferrichrome,Desferrioxamine B and Desferrioxamine E are some of the important siderophores
secreted by various bacteria..
Book Business Its Legal, Ethical, Global Environment 10th Edition.pdf
Book: Business It\'s Legal, Ethical, Global Environment 10th Edition
Page 204-205
Question and Problems
# 2
#5
Solution
Ethical issues connect intimately with economic issues. Take the economic practice of doing a
cost-benefit analysis. You could spend one hundred dollars for a night on the town, or you could
donate that one hundred dollars to the reelection campaign of your favorite politician. Which
option is better? The night on the town increases pleasure. A politician’s successful campaign
may lead to more liberty in the long term. We regularly make decisions like this, weighing our
options by measuring their likely costs and likely benefits against each other.
This connects economics directly to a major issue in ethics: By what standard do we determine
what counts as a benefit or a cost? A list of competing candidates for the status of ultimate value
standard includes happiness, satisfying the will of God, long-term survival, liberty, duty, and
equality.
Economists implicitly adopt a value framework when beginning a cost-benefit analysis. Different
value commitments can lead to the same item being considered a cost from one perspective and a
benefit from another. For example, those whose standard of value is increasing human happiness
would count a new road to a scenic mountain vista as a benefit, while those whose standard is
maintaining an unchanged natural environment would count it as a cost.
The results of economic analysis also lead directly to ethical issues. For example, one result of
the nineteenth- and twentieth-century debate over capitalism and socialism is a general
consensus that capitalism is effective at producing wealth and socialism is effective at keeping
people poor. Advocates of capitalism use these results to argue that capitalism is good; others
might respond that “socialism is good in theory, but unfortunately it is not practical.” Implicit in
the capitalist position is the view that practical consequences determine goodness. By contrast,
implicit in the position of those who believe socialism to be an impractical moral ideal is the
view that goodness is distinct from practical consequences.
This connects economics to a second major issue in ethics: Is goodness or badness determined by
real-world practical consequences or by some other means, such as revelations from God, faith in
authorities or authoritative institutions, appeals to rational consistency, felt senses of empathy, or
an innate conscience? The point for economic analysis, most of which is a matter of
understanding and predicting the consequences of various actions, is that the relevance of
economic analysis to policymaking depends, in part, on what one believes is the final source of
value standards..
According the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and P.pdf
According the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, in 2015
influenza and pneumonia combined were the 8th leading causes of death (55,227 deaths in total)
and the only communicable diseases ranked among the top ten killers in the U.S. What were the
10 causes of mortality in the U.S. in 1900 and 2015? Since communicable disease caused a
relatively few deaths in the U.S. in 2015, why should public and public health professionals be
concerned about them anymore and devote resources in their prevention and control?
Solution
Top 10 leading causes of deaths in US: Hearts diseases Cancer Airway diseases which are non
infectious Cardio vascular disorders Accidents Alzheimer\'s disease Diabetes Pneumonia or
influenza Nephropathys Suicide. The period of communicability is less for the communicable
diseases, hence they are prevention of disease in early stages is possible. Prevention and control
of influenza: Good ventilation of public buildings Encouraging sufferers to cover their faces
with a handkerchief when coughing and sneezing Stay in home at the first sign of influenza
Vaccination against the influenza, may be killed or level attenuated vaccines Prevention of
exposure to influenza strains by hygiene practice Antiviral drugs like amantadine or rimantidine
used Prevention and control of pneumonia: Pneumococcal pneumonia vaccination, PPV 23
AND PCV7. Education of mother to observe the sings of pneumonia. History taking and clinical
examination are very important for management Physical examination for, breath count, chest
indrawing, listen for stridor, wheezing and for severe malnutrition, cyanosis Any signs detected,
they are treated early by antibiotics and other measures Improving the primary medical care
services and development..
9. For some non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the genotype of an i.pdf
9. For some non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the genotype of an individual is not sufficient to
predict the phenotype. For the following traits, what else do you need to know to predict the
phenotype?
a) Snail coiling direction
b) Angelman syndrome due to deleted UBE3A gene
Solution
The inheritance mechanisms of both snail coiling and Angelman syndrome involve strong
maternal influences. Snail coiling direction is governed by the genotype of the oocyte, not of the
zygote, so much so that the snail coiling direction can be predicted from the maternal genotype
alone. Similarly, Angelman syndrome (due to deletions in ube3A) is governed by the maternal
copy of the gene alone. If the copy of the gene derived from the mother is functional, the
individuals are healthy. If the maternal copy is defective or deficient, the individual suffers from
the Angelman syndrome..
More from arpaqindia (20)
JAVALAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTSThe next exercise is based on this.pdf
JAVALAB #8 - ARRAY BASED LISTSThe next exercise is based on this.pdf
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year o.pdf
In the year 2000, a halophile was isolated from a 250 million year o.pdf
In in the image seen here, in which direction would you expect water .pdf
In in the image seen here, in which direction would you expect water .pdf
How does the movement of DNA fragments on the gel and the movemen.pdf
How does the movement of DNA fragments on the gel and the movemen.pdf
Genetics Homework Problem 1 You are mapping genes in a species of f.pdf
Genetics Homework Problem 1 You are mapping genes in a species of f.pdf
For f(x) =2x, find a formula for the Riemann sum obtained by dividin.pdf
For f(x) =2x, find a formula for the Riemann sum obtained by dividin.pdf
Fibroblasts are the typical cells of simple squamous epithelium. Dens.pdf
Fibroblasts are the typical cells of simple squamous epithelium. Dens.pdf
Explain the difference between an observational study and a designed.pdf
Explain the difference between an observational study and a designed.pdf
Discuss the recruitment and selection procedure done by human resour.pdf
Discuss the recruitment and selection procedure done by human resour.pdf
Do The statement of stockholders equity explains changes in equity.pdf
Do The statement of stockholders equity explains changes in equity.pdf
Describe what is meant by “radical cure” and identify the drug that .pdf
Describe what is meant by “radical cure” and identify the drug that .pdf
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obt.pdf
Describe the nutritional modes of organisms based upon where they obt.pdf
Decasper and Spence (1986) measured babies sucking rates as they lis.pdf
Decasper and Spence (1986) measured babies sucking rates as they lis.pdf
Corhin Eckles and Connor Hayes have recieved walkie talkies for Chri.pdf
Corhin Eckles and Connor Hayes have recieved walkie talkies for Chri.pdf
Consider three genes in a hypothetical bird. One controls the color o.pdf
Consider three genes in a hypothetical bird. One controls the color o.pdf
Answer the following questions What is the domain of logarithmic fun.pdf
Answer the following questions What is the domain of logarithmic fun.pdf
are organic compounds that bind very tightly to iron ions for transp.pdf
are organic compounds that bind very tightly to iron ions for transp.pdf
Book Business Its Legal, Ethical, Global Environment 10th Edition.pdf
Book Business Its Legal, Ethical, Global Environment 10th Edition.pdf
According the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and P.pdf
According the United States (U.S.) Centers for Disease Control and P.pdf
9. For some non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the genotype of an i.pdf
9. For some non-Mendelian inheritance patterns, the genotype of an i.pdf
Recently uploaded
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
In an education system, it is understood that assessment is only for the students, but on the other hand, the Assessment of teachers is also an important aspect of the education system that ensures teachers are providing high-quality instruction to students. The assessment process can be used to provide feedback and support for professional development, to inform decisions about teacher retention or promotion, or to evaluate teacher effectiveness for accountability purposes.
The Diamonds of 2023-2024 in the IGRA collection
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Find out more about ISO training and certification services
Training: ISO/IEC 27001 Information Security Management System - EN | PECB
ISO/IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management System - EN | PECB
General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) - Training Courses - EN | PECB
Webinars: https://pecb.com/webinars
Article: https://pecb.com/article
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
For more information about PECB:
Website: https://pecb.com/
LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/company/pecb/
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PECBInternational/
Slideshare: http://www.slideshare.net/PECBCERTIFICATION
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvariaclinical examination of hip joint (1).pdf
described clinical examination all orthopeadic conditions .
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective UpskillingExcellence Foundation for South Sudan
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.Advanced Java[Extra Concepts, Not Difficult].docx
This is part 2 of my Java Learning Journey. This contains Hashing, ArrayList, LinkedList, Date and Time Classes, Calendar Class and more.
CACJapan - GROUP Presentation 1- Wk 4.pdf
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP Module
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit
Digital Artifact 1 - 10VCD Environments Unit - NGV Pavilion Concept Design
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...National Information Standards Organization (NISO)
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.Recently uploaded (20)
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
A Survey of Techniques for Maximizing LLM Performance.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
Assessment and Planning in Educational technology.pptx
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold Method
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp Network
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Your Skill Boost Masterclass: Strategies for Effective Upskilling
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Pollock and Snow "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape, Session One: Setting Expec...
Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in t.pdf
- 1. Match the following terms to their definitions. Match the words in the left column to the appropriate blanks in the sentences on the right. Make certain each sentence is complete before submitting your answer. Words can be used more than once. Solution Answer (1) Ribosomal RNA forms part of the subunit for protein synthesizing organelle, ribosome (2) Transfer RNA is the molecule which binds both codon on mRNA and corresponding amino acid simultaneously during translation (3) The synthetase enzyme attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA (4) ATP provides the energy needed for the synthesis reaction. (5) Messenger RNA is synthesized in the nucleus by the process of transcription in the nucleus. The sequence of the mRNA decides the sequence of the amino acids in the protein chain. (6) Ribosomes may be found attached to ER or scattered in the cytoplasm