This is my master degree paper under title experimental analysis of surface roughness and material removal rate in turning operation using response surface methodology
Effectiveness of multilayer coated tool in turning of aisi 430 f steeleSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents minimization of surface roughness in dry turning of AISI 430F steel using TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-ZrCN multilayer coated cemented carbide & cryo-treated inserts. Effect of cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut & machining duration is studied on the surface roughness. Taguchi’s design of experiment is used to find the optimum factor levels. It is found that the feed rate has much effect in producing lower surface roughness followed by speed. The depth of cut has lesser role on surface roughness. The result of Taguchi method shows that cutting velocity of 250m/min, feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.3mm should be maintained as optimal parameter settings for both coated and cryo-treated tools. Cryo-treated tools perform better. Keywords: Cryo-treatment, Dry Turning, Surface roughness, Taguchi Method
Surface residual stresses in machined austenitic stainless steelLepuufu
Surface residual stresses due to turning operations in AISI 304 type stainless steel were studied as a function of machining speed, feed rate,
depth of cut, and tool geometry and coating. Residual stress tensors were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The effects of turning
conditions and tool on the residual stresses were discussed in terms of mechanically and thermally induced non-homogeneous plastic
deformation of the surface layers of the workpiece.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
Influence of tellurium addition on drilling of microalloyed steel (din 38mns6)Lepuufu
Purpose – This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of tellurium content on the machinability of the microalloyed pearlitic steel (DIN 38MnS6).
Two grades of steels were used, one with high (27 times greater) tellurium content and one with a low tellurium content. Machinability of the steel was
determined by the number of holes drilled by the tool before undergoing severe deformation. The drilling test matrix was prepared using a fractional
factorial design with five input variables studied at two levels (25-1). Other variables investigated include cutting speed (45 and 60 m/min), feed rate
(0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev), geometry of the twist drills and use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) at the flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. Statistical
analysis of the results revealed that composition of the work material was most influential on tool performance. Addition of tellurium to the steel
significantly improved machinability, increasing the number of drilled holes by over 100 per cent. The MQL flow rate was the least influential as increase
in the flow from 30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill life only by about 9 per cent.
Design/methodology/approach – The drilling tests were carried out in the vertical position, up-down, without pre-holes (full drilling). Cutting
speeds of 45 and 60 m/min and feed rates of 0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev were employed. Drills with two sharpening types were tested. Cutting fluid used
was vegetable based and applied using the MQL technique at flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. The rejection criterion adopted was severe deformation of
the drills and the number of machined holes was used to measure the machinability of the material.
Findings – Of all the variables investigated in this study, the least influential on drill performance is the MQL flow rate. Increase in the flow rate from
30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill performance by 9 per cent, contrary to expectation. This is a result of the cooling-lubricant action balance promoted by the
cutting fluid applied in low quantities (MQL). The most influential variable on drill performance is addition of Te to the work material which gave over
twofold (103 per cent) improvement in drill performance at the cutting conditions investigated. The Te particles act at the chip-tool interface, reducing
the work necessary to shear the material during chip formation. Increase in both the cutting speed and the feed rate both lowered drill performance
during machining due to associated increase in cutting temperature which tended to accelerate thermally related wear mechanisms.
Originality/value – This work was conducted to evaluate the machinability of a novel alloyed steel employed in the automobile industry. Drilling was
considered as most automobile components especially the engine block is designed with many holes which require drilling process.
Determining the influence of cutting fluids on tool wear and surface roughnes...Lepuufu
Knowledge of the performance of cutting fluids in machining different work materials is
of critical importance in order to improve the efficiency of any machining process. The
efficiency can be evaluated based on certain process parameters such as flank wear, surface
roughness on the work piece, cutting forces developed, temperature developed at the tool
chip interface, etc. The objective of this work is to determine the influence of cutting fluids
on tool wear and surface roughness during turning of AISI 304 with carbide tool. Further
an attempt has been made to identify the influence of coconut oil in reducing the tool
wear and surface roughness during turning process. The performance of coconut oil is also
being compared with another two cutting fluids namely an emulsion and a neat cutting oil
(immiscible with water). The results indicated that in general, coconut oil performed better
than the other two cutting fluids in reducing the tool wear and improving the surface finish.
Coconut oil has been used as one of the cutting fluids in this work because of its thermal
and oxidative stability which is being comparable to other vegetable-based cutting fluids
used in the metal cutting industry.
Effectiveness of multilayer coated tool in turning of aisi 430 f steeleSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents minimization of surface roughness in dry turning of AISI 430F steel using TiN-TiCN-Al2O3-ZrCN multilayer coated cemented carbide & cryo-treated inserts. Effect of cutting velocity, feed rate, depth of cut & machining duration is studied on the surface roughness. Taguchi’s design of experiment is used to find the optimum factor levels. It is found that the feed rate has much effect in producing lower surface roughness followed by speed. The depth of cut has lesser role on surface roughness. The result of Taguchi method shows that cutting velocity of 250m/min, feed rate of 0.25 mm/rev and depth of cut of 0.3mm should be maintained as optimal parameter settings for both coated and cryo-treated tools. Cryo-treated tools perform better. Keywords: Cryo-treatment, Dry Turning, Surface roughness, Taguchi Method
Surface residual stresses in machined austenitic stainless steelLepuufu
Surface residual stresses due to turning operations in AISI 304 type stainless steel were studied as a function of machining speed, feed rate,
depth of cut, and tool geometry and coating. Residual stress tensors were determined using X-ray diffraction technique. The effects of turning
conditions and tool on the residual stresses were discussed in terms of mechanically and thermally induced non-homogeneous plastic
deformation of the surface layers of the workpiece.
COMPARISON OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS OF COLDWORK AND HOT WORK TOOL STEELS IN HARD ...ijmech
The hard turning process has been attracting interest in different industrial sectors for finishing operations
of hard materials at its hardened state.Surface roughness is investigated in hard turning of AISI D3 and
AISI H13 steels of same hardness 62HRC. In this paper, an attempt has been made to model and predict
the surface roughness in hard turning of AISI D3 and AISI H13 hardened steels using Response Surface
Methodology (RSM). The combined effects of three machining parameters such as cutting speed, feed rate
and depth of cut are investigated for main performance characteristic that is surface roughness. RSM
based Central Composite Design (CCD) is applied as an experimental design. Al2O3/TiC mixed ceramic
tool with corner radius 0.8 mm is employed to accomplish 20 tests with six center points. The acceptability
of the developed models is checked using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).The combined effects of cutting
speed; feed rate and depth of cut are investigated using surface plots.
Influence of tellurium addition on drilling of microalloyed steel (din 38mns6)Lepuufu
Purpose – This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of tellurium content on the machinability of the microalloyed pearlitic steel (DIN 38MnS6).
Two grades of steels were used, one with high (27 times greater) tellurium content and one with a low tellurium content. Machinability of the steel was
determined by the number of holes drilled by the tool before undergoing severe deformation. The drilling test matrix was prepared using a fractional
factorial design with five input variables studied at two levels (25-1). Other variables investigated include cutting speed (45 and 60 m/min), feed rate
(0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev), geometry of the twist drills and use of minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) at the flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. Statistical
analysis of the results revealed that composition of the work material was most influential on tool performance. Addition of tellurium to the steel
significantly improved machinability, increasing the number of drilled holes by over 100 per cent. The MQL flow rate was the least influential as increase
in the flow from 30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill life only by about 9 per cent.
Design/methodology/approach – The drilling tests were carried out in the vertical position, up-down, without pre-holes (full drilling). Cutting
speeds of 45 and 60 m/min and feed rates of 0.15 and 0.25 mm/rev were employed. Drills with two sharpening types were tested. Cutting fluid used
was vegetable based and applied using the MQL technique at flow rates of 30 and 100 ml/h. The rejection criterion adopted was severe deformation of
the drills and the number of machined holes was used to measure the machinability of the material.
Findings – Of all the variables investigated in this study, the least influential on drill performance is the MQL flow rate. Increase in the flow rate from
30 to 100 ml/h reduced drill performance by 9 per cent, contrary to expectation. This is a result of the cooling-lubricant action balance promoted by the
cutting fluid applied in low quantities (MQL). The most influential variable on drill performance is addition of Te to the work material which gave over
twofold (103 per cent) improvement in drill performance at the cutting conditions investigated. The Te particles act at the chip-tool interface, reducing
the work necessary to shear the material during chip formation. Increase in both the cutting speed and the feed rate both lowered drill performance
during machining due to associated increase in cutting temperature which tended to accelerate thermally related wear mechanisms.
Originality/value – This work was conducted to evaluate the machinability of a novel alloyed steel employed in the automobile industry. Drilling was
considered as most automobile components especially the engine block is designed with many holes which require drilling process.
Determining the influence of cutting fluids on tool wear and surface roughnes...Lepuufu
Knowledge of the performance of cutting fluids in machining different work materials is
of critical importance in order to improve the efficiency of any machining process. The
efficiency can be evaluated based on certain process parameters such as flank wear, surface
roughness on the work piece, cutting forces developed, temperature developed at the tool
chip interface, etc. The objective of this work is to determine the influence of cutting fluids
on tool wear and surface roughness during turning of AISI 304 with carbide tool. Further
an attempt has been made to identify the influence of coconut oil in reducing the tool
wear and surface roughness during turning process. The performance of coconut oil is also
being compared with another two cutting fluids namely an emulsion and a neat cutting oil
(immiscible with water). The results indicated that in general, coconut oil performed better
than the other two cutting fluids in reducing the tool wear and improving the surface finish.
Coconut oil has been used as one of the cutting fluids in this work because of its thermal
and oxidative stability which is being comparable to other vegetable-based cutting fluids
used in the metal cutting industry.
Optimization of cutting strategies for forging die manufacturing on cnc milli...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of Cylindrical Grinding Process Parameters on C40E Steel Using T...IJERA Editor
Surface finish and dimensional accuracy play a vital role in the today’s engineering industry. There are several methods used to achieve good surface finish like burnishing, honing and lapping, and grinding. Grinding is one of these ways that improves the surface finish and dimensional accuracy simultaneously. C40E steel has good industrial application in manufacturing of shafts, axles, spindles, studs, etc. In the present work the cylindrical grinding of C40E steel is done for the optimization of grinding process parameters. During this experimental work input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, depth of cut is optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) concluded that surface roughness is minimum at the 210 rpm, 0.11mm/rev feed, and 0.04mm depth of penetration.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Tool Length on Surface Roughness duri...IOSR Journals
: In the turning operation, vibration is a frequent problem, which affects the result of the machining
and in particular the surface finish. Tool life is also influenced by vibrations. Severe acoustic noise in the
working environment frequently results as a dynamic motion between the cutting tool and the work piece. In all
cutting operations like turning, boring and milling vibrations are induced due to deformation of the work piece.
In the turning process, the importance of machining parameter choice is increased, as it controls the surface
quality required. Tool overhang is a cutting tool parameter that has not been investigated in as much detail as
some of the better known ones. It is appropriate to keep the tool overhang as short as possible; however, a
longer tool overhang may be required depending on the geometry of the work piece and when using the holeturning
process in particular. In this study, we investigate the effects of changes in the tool overhang in the
external turning process on both the surface quality of the work piece and tool wear. For this purpose, we used
work pieces of AISI 1050 material with diameters of 20, 30, and 40 mm; and the surface roughness of the work
piece were determined through experiments using constant cutting speed and feed rates with different depth of
cuts (DOCs) and tool overhangs. We observed that the effect of the DOC on the surface roughness is negligible,
but tool overhang is more important. The deflection of the cutting tool increases with tool overhang. Two
different analytical methods were compared to determine the dependence of tool deflection on the tool
overhang. Also, the real tool deflection values were determined using a comparator. We observed that the tool
deflection values were quite compatible with the tool deflection results obtained using the second analytical
method.
Effectiveness of multilayer coated tool in turning of aisi 430 f steeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of surface roughness on machining of al 5 cu alloy in cnc lathe machineeSAT Journals
Abstract In this study, an experimental approach is presented for the measurement of the surface roughness of the machined surface produced by simple turning operation in a computer numerically controlled (CNC) Lathe. The parameters used in the experiment were reduced to three cutting parameters, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate. Other parameters such as tool nose radius, workpiece length, workpiece diameter, and workpiece material was taken as constant. The effect of the process parameters namely, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, upon the response like surface roughness of the finished surface was analyzed by using 3D profilometer, during this investigation. Experiments were carried out by keeping cutting speed, depth of cut, as constant and feed rate as variable. Index Terms: Al-5Cu alloy, surface roughness, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Content Comparative Investigation on Tool Wear During End Milling of AISI H13...journalBEEI
Tool wear prediction plays a significant role in machining industry for proper planning and control machining parameters and optimization of cutting conditions. This paper aims to investigate the effect of tool path strategies that are contour-in and zigzag tool path strategies applied on tool wear during pocket milling process. The experiments were carried out on CNC vertical machining centre by involving PVD coated carbide inserts. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were set to vary. In an experiment with three factors at three levels, Response Surface Method (RSM) design of experiment with a standard called Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed. Results obtained indicate that tool wear increases significantly at higher range of feed per tooth compared to cutting speed and depth of cut. This result of this experimental work is then proven statistically by developing empirical model. The prediction model for the response variable of tool wear for contour-in strategy developed in this research shows a good agreement with experimental work.
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION IN VERTICAL MACHINING CENTER CNC FOR EN45 (STEEL ALLOY...IAEME Publication
Now days optimal machining parameters are of great concern in manufacturing environments, where economy of machining operations plays a key role in competitiveness in the market. This paper aims at developing a statistical model to optimize the surface parameters such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR).Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design was used for conducting experiment. The experimental study was carried out in a CNC vertical machining center. The work piece material was EN45 (steel alloy).EN45 is widely used in the motor vehicle industry for leaf springs, truncated conical springs, helical springs and many general applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effect of machining parameters on surface roughness for 6063 al tic (5 & 10 %...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
EFFECT OF NOSE RADIUS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS DURING CNC TURNING USING RESPONSE ...ijmech
The work and study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effect of nose radius on surface
roughness, in CNC turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition. The effect of cutting conditions (speed,
feed and depth of cut) and tool geometry (nose radius) on surface roughness were studied and analysed.
Design of Experiments (DOE) were conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameter on
the surface roughness by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and then followed by optimization of
the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to minimize surface roughness. The nose radius was
identified as the most significant parameter. Surface roughness value decreased with increase in nose
radius.
Full factorial method for optimization of process parameters for surface roug...Editor IJMTER
Quality and productivity play significant role in today’s manufacturing market.In
machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product, is really a
challenging job on cnc machine. Because, these quality features are highly correlated and are
expected to be influenced directly or indirectly by the direct effect of process parameters. There are a
number of parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut etc. which must be given
consideration during the machining of SS 316L. The prediction of optimal machining conditions for
good surface roughness and material removal rate plays a very important role in process planning.
Optimization of cutting strategies for forging die manufacturing on cnc milli...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Optimization of Cylindrical Grinding Process Parameters on C40E Steel Using T...IJERA Editor
Surface finish and dimensional accuracy play a vital role in the today’s engineering industry. There are several methods used to achieve good surface finish like burnishing, honing and lapping, and grinding. Grinding is one of these ways that improves the surface finish and dimensional accuracy simultaneously. C40E steel has good industrial application in manufacturing of shafts, axles, spindles, studs, etc. In the present work the cylindrical grinding of C40E steel is done for the optimization of grinding process parameters. During this experimental work input process parameters i.e. speed, feed, depth of cut is optimized using Taguchi L9 orthogonal array. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) concluded that surface roughness is minimum at the 210 rpm, 0.11mm/rev feed, and 0.04mm depth of penetration.
Experimental Investigation of Effect of Tool Length on Surface Roughness duri...IOSR Journals
: In the turning operation, vibration is a frequent problem, which affects the result of the machining
and in particular the surface finish. Tool life is also influenced by vibrations. Severe acoustic noise in the
working environment frequently results as a dynamic motion between the cutting tool and the work piece. In all
cutting operations like turning, boring and milling vibrations are induced due to deformation of the work piece.
In the turning process, the importance of machining parameter choice is increased, as it controls the surface
quality required. Tool overhang is a cutting tool parameter that has not been investigated in as much detail as
some of the better known ones. It is appropriate to keep the tool overhang as short as possible; however, a
longer tool overhang may be required depending on the geometry of the work piece and when using the holeturning
process in particular. In this study, we investigate the effects of changes in the tool overhang in the
external turning process on both the surface quality of the work piece and tool wear. For this purpose, we used
work pieces of AISI 1050 material with diameters of 20, 30, and 40 mm; and the surface roughness of the work
piece were determined through experiments using constant cutting speed and feed rates with different depth of
cuts (DOCs) and tool overhangs. We observed that the effect of the DOC on the surface roughness is negligible,
but tool overhang is more important. The deflection of the cutting tool increases with tool overhang. Two
different analytical methods were compared to determine the dependence of tool deflection on the tool
overhang. Also, the real tool deflection values were determined using a comparator. We observed that the tool
deflection values were quite compatible with the tool deflection results obtained using the second analytical
method.
Effectiveness of multilayer coated tool in turning of aisi 430 f steeleSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Scienceinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Analysis of surface roughness on machining of al 5 cu alloy in cnc lathe machineeSAT Journals
Abstract In this study, an experimental approach is presented for the measurement of the surface roughness of the machined surface produced by simple turning operation in a computer numerically controlled (CNC) Lathe. The parameters used in the experiment were reduced to three cutting parameters, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate. Other parameters such as tool nose radius, workpiece length, workpiece diameter, and workpiece material was taken as constant. The effect of the process parameters namely, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate, upon the response like surface roughness of the finished surface was analyzed by using 3D profilometer, during this investigation. Experiments were carried out by keeping cutting speed, depth of cut, as constant and feed rate as variable. Index Terms: Al-5Cu alloy, surface roughness, cutting speed, depth of cut, feed rate.
Effects of Cutting Tool Parameters on Surface Roughnessirjes
This paper presents of the influence on surface roughness of Co28Cr6Mo medical alloy machined
on a CNC lathe based on cutting parameters (rotational speed, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius).The
influences of cutting parameters have been presented in graphical form for understanding. To achieve the
minimum surface roughness, the optimum values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were
respectively, 318 rpm, 0,1 mm/rev, 0,7 mm and 0,8 mm. Maximum surface roughness has been revealed the
values obtained for rpm, feed rate, depth of cut and nose radius were respectively, 318 rpm, 0,25 mm/rev, 0,9
mm and 0,4 mm.
Content Comparative Investigation on Tool Wear During End Milling of AISI H13...journalBEEI
Tool wear prediction plays a significant role in machining industry for proper planning and control machining parameters and optimization of cutting conditions. This paper aims to investigate the effect of tool path strategies that are contour-in and zigzag tool path strategies applied on tool wear during pocket milling process. The experiments were carried out on CNC vertical machining centre by involving PVD coated carbide inserts. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut were set to vary. In an experiment with three factors at three levels, Response Surface Method (RSM) design of experiment with a standard called Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed. Results obtained indicate that tool wear increases significantly at higher range of feed per tooth compared to cutting speed and depth of cut. This result of this experimental work is then proven statistically by developing empirical model. The prediction model for the response variable of tool wear for contour-in strategy developed in this research shows a good agreement with experimental work.
PARAMETER OPTIMIZATION IN VERTICAL MACHINING CENTER CNC FOR EN45 (STEEL ALLOY...IAEME Publication
Now days optimal machining parameters are of great concern in manufacturing environments, where economy of machining operations plays a key role in competitiveness in the market. This paper aims at developing a statistical model to optimize the surface parameters such as material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (SR).Response Surface Methodology (RSM) experimental design was used for conducting experiment. The experimental study was carried out in a CNC vertical machining center. The work piece material was EN45 (steel alloy).EN45 is widely used in the motor vehicle industry for leaf springs, truncated conical springs, helical springs and many general applications.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Effect of machining parameters on surface roughness for 6063 al tic (5 & 10 %...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
EFFECT OF NOSE RADIUS ON SURFACE ROUGHNESS DURING CNC TURNING USING RESPONSE ...ijmech
The work and study presented in this paper aims to investigate the effect of nose radius on surface
roughness, in CNC turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition. The effect of cutting conditions (speed,
feed and depth of cut) and tool geometry (nose radius) on surface roughness were studied and analysed.
Design of Experiments (DOE) were conducted for the analysis of the influence of the turning parameter on
the surface roughness by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and then followed by optimization of
the results using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to minimize surface roughness. The nose radius was
identified as the most significant parameter. Surface roughness value decreased with increase in nose
radius.
Full factorial method for optimization of process parameters for surface roug...Editor IJMTER
Quality and productivity play significant role in today’s manufacturing market.In
machining operations, achieving desired surface quality features of the machined product, is really a
challenging job on cnc machine. Because, these quality features are highly correlated and are
expected to be influenced directly or indirectly by the direct effect of process parameters. There are a
number of parameters like cutting speed, feed and depth of cut etc. which must be given
consideration during the machining of SS 316L. The prediction of optimal machining conditions for
good surface roughness and material removal rate plays a very important role in process planning.
Determining the Influence of Various Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness ...IOSR Journals
The purpose of this experimental investigation was to analyse the effect of controlled cutting
parameters namely cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, cutting fluid concentration and two cutting fluids with
different base oils on surface roughness (Ra) of EN8 or AISI 1040 steel during turning operation by applying
design of experiments, custom design method, analysis of variance, leverage plots and desirability profiling
using JMP software to optimize surface roughness during wet CNC turning operation. The analysis reveals that
feed rate has the most significant effect on surface roughness (Ra) and value of surface roughness does not
significantly differ for two different cutting fluids used.
Multi-Objective Optimization ( Surface Roughness & Material Removal Rate) of ...IJERA Editor
The present study applied Taguchi method through a case study in straight turning of AISI 202 stainless steel bar on CNC Machine ( Mfd by ACE DESIGNERS) using Titanium Carbide tool for the optimization of Material removal rate, Surface Roughness and tool wear process parameter.The study aimed at evaluating the best process environment which could simultaneously satisfy requirements of both quality as well as productivity with special emphasis on maximizing material removal rate and minimizing surface roughness and tool flank wear at various combination of cutting speed, feed, depth of cut. The predicted optimal setting ensured maximum MRR and minimum surface roughness and tool wear. Since optimum material removal rate is desired, so higher the better criteria of Taguchi signal to noise ratio is used for MRR – SNs = -10 log(Sy2/n) For surface roughness and tool wear – SNL = -10 log(S(1/y2)/n) The results have been verified with the help of S/N Ratios calculation and various graphs have been plotted to show the below mentioned observations.
a) MRR first increases with increase in cutting speed and then decreases.
b) With the increase in feed, MRR increases.
c) With the increase in depth of cut, MRR first increases and then decreases.
d) With the increase in cutting speed, Surface Roughness first decreases and then increases.
e) With the increase in feed, Surface Roughness increases.
f) With the increase in depth of cut, Surface Roughness first increases and then decreases.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Statistical Modeling of Surface Roughness produced by Wet turning using solub...IDES Editor
Machining tests were carried out by turning En-
31steel alloy with tungsten carbide tools using soluble oilwater
mixture lubricant under dif ferent machining
conditions. First-order and second-order surface roughness
predicting models were developed by using the experimental
data by applying response surface methodology and factorial
design of experiments. The established equations show that
the feed rate is the main influencing factor on the surface
roughness followed by tool nose radius and depth of cut. It
increases with increase in the feed rate but decreases with
increase in the cutting velocity and tool nose radius,
respectively. The predicted surface roughness values of the
samples have been f ound to lie close to that of the
experimentally observed values. There is an improvement
in surface finish by 10% with wet machining as compared
to dry machining.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Evaluation the Effect of Machining Parameters on MRR of Mild SteelIJSRD
Today’s life is totally based on Internet. Now a days people cannot imagine life without Internet. Information and communication technology plays vital role in today’s online networked society. In today’s life, we are very close to the online social networks. Online social networks are used for posting and sharing information across various social networking sites. But user’s privacy is not maintained by online social networks. For maintaining users sensitive information’s privacy online social networks provides little or no support. For filtering unwanted messages we propose a system using machine learning (ML). Using machine learning in soft classifier content based filtering performed. In proposed system filtering rules (FR’s) are provided for content independent filtering.. Blacklists are used for more flexibility by which filtering choices are increased. Proposed system provides security to the Online Social Networks.
Evaluation the Effect of Machining Parameters on MRR of Mild SteelIJSRD
Turning metal removal is the removal of metal outside diameter of a rotating cylindrical workpiece. As it is used to reduce the diameter. of the work piece generally to a specified dimension and to produce a smooth finish on the metal. Often, the work piece is turned so that the sections have different diameters. As is the machining operation that produces cylindrical. In its basic form, it can be defined as an outer surface machining: Based on the findings of the Pilot study, actual experimentation work will be designed and input machining parameters and their values finalized. The results are expected to show that the response variables (output parameters) strongly influenced by the control factors (input parameters). So, the results which are obtained after experimentation analyzed and modeled for their application in manufacturing industry It is concluded that for MRR be maximum factor Cutting speed has to be at high level 3, Feed has to be at high level & D.O.C has to be at high level.
Investigation of Metal Removal Rate and Surface Finish on Inconel 718 by Abra...AM Publications
Abrasive Waterjet (AWJ) cutting has proven to be an effective technology for material processing with the distinct advantages of no thermal distortion, high machining versatility, high flexibility and small cutting forces. In this paper, Taguchi robust design analysis is employed to determine optimal combination of process parameters. The Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) is also applied to identify the most significant factor. The process parameters such as pressure, transverse speed, stand of distance and abrasive flow rate are optimized to investigate their influence on Metal Removal Rate (MRR) and Surface Roughness (Ra) of Inconel. Experiments are carried out by L9 orthogonal array and the results are provided to verify this approach and credible tendencies of output parameters with respect to the input parameters are discussed, from which recommendations are made for process control and optimization.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION AND PREDICTION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN SURFACE GRI...IAEME Publication
This study deals with the investigation and prediction of the surface roughness in surface grinding operation. The experiments have been conducted using factorial design on a surface grinding machine with silicon oxide as an abrasive wheel. Feed and depth of cut were varied to observe their effect on surface roughness. Analysis of variance was used to find the significant factor and regression equation was developed to predict the surface roughness. Three different materials were used in this investigation (cast iron, mild steel and stainless steel).
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdf
Master degree paper
1. ENGINEERING RESEARCH JOURNAL (ERJ)
Vol. 1, No. 45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
Journal Homepage: http://erj.bu.edu.eg
-54-
Experimental Analysis of surface Roughness and
Material Removal Rate in Turning Operation
using Response Surface Methodology
M. I. MANSOUR, E. H. MANSOUR1 AND S. S. HABIB2
1
. Assistant professor, 2
. Professor,Mechanical engineering department, Faculty of engineering at shoubra,Benha University
Abstract. : In this study three cutting conditions namely cutting speed, cutting feed rate,and depth of cut as well as
multi-wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTS) volume fractions were studied at three levels. Work piece of aluminum
ــsiliconalloy was reinforced with different nanovolume fractions (0%, 0.5% and 1%) of multi-wall carbon nano
tubes(MWCNTS). Samples were fabricated using stirring casting technique. Machining processes were done on
center lathe machine. Response surface methodology (RSM) and ANOVA analysis were applied to design and
analyze experimental results. Results indicated that feed rate is the most significant factor on surface roughness,
increasing in feed rate leads to increasing surface roughness value.
Keywords: Aluminum, Surface roughness, Metal matrix composites, RSM, MWCNTS.
1. INTRODUCTION
Today's many engineering applications are
based on metal matrix composites (MMCS) due
to their improved (chemical, physical and
mechanical) properties since composite materials
contain two or more different constituents[1,
2].Alloys reinforced with ceramic particles or
fibers are harder than and superior with respect
to unreinforced alloys because of excellent
characteristics. Structural industries, aerospace,
automobile industrials, and etc are some of the
applications of metal - matrix composites [3].
In recent years many researchers used metal
matrix composite materials in machining
processes U.A.Dabadea et al [4].adopted
experimental study of surface roughness integrity
of AL-SiC particles metal- matrix composites in
hot machining for turning process. They used
three cutting conditions feed rate, depth of cut,
and the Preheating temperature. Depending on
taguchi method and ANOVA model the surface
roughness and micro hardness were predicted. It
is seen that feed rate, the preheating temperature,
and depth of cut have great significant effect on
surface roughness.samyaDahbiet al [5]. selected
AISI 1042 steel standard carbide tool
insertsCNMG120402,CNMG120404,and
CNMG120408using taguchi design. Their study
aimed to optimize
of surface roughness. Input cutting factors like
cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut, and tool
nose radius were used. The results showed that
the interaction between nose radius and feed rate
had significant effect on surface roughness.
Ranaganath M Singari et al [6]. developed
prediction of surface roughness in CNC turning
of aluminum 6061 based on taguchi and
ANOVA methods. Rake angle, nose radius,
cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut were
applied as cutting variables. The results indicated
that the most major factor affects influentially on
surface roughness was feed rate and surface
roughness increased by increasing feed
rate.Devendra singh et al [7]. derived effect of
nose radius on surface roughness during CNC
2. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-55-
turning of AISI 6061 in dry conditions using
response surface method and ANOVA. Cutting
variables such as speed, feed rate, and depth of
cut were used for turning operation. The results
illustrated that the nose radius is the influential
factor for minimizing surface roughness, in
addition to increasing of nose radius leads to
reducing in surface roughness
Vishal Sardana et al [8]. investigated the
effect of three cutting variables cutting speed,
feed rate, and depth of cut on surface roughness
for CNC turning. They selected aluminum
material for predicting surface roughness. Their
experimental results showed that feed rate is the
most significant parameter for minimizing
surface roughness, and the best method for
optimization of surface roughness was response
surface. Mahesh Kumar et al [9].improved
optimization of cutting parameters for turning
en-31 for alloy steel material using RSM model
and coated carbide tool. Predicted machined
surface roughness was done by three factors like
cutting speed, depth of cut, and feed rate. The
results attempt that major factor effects on
surface roughness is cutting speed followed by
feed rate.
Anthony Xavoir et al [10].examined surface
roughness using technique of ANOVA analysis
with five machining factors cutting speed, feed
rate, depth of cut, tool geometry, and tool
material. Machinability of hybrid metal-matrix
composite based on aluminum alloy reinforced
with single- wall, multi - wall carbon nano tubes,
and ceramic particles was investigated. They
found that feed rate had great influence on
surface roughness followed by cutting
speed.PoojaA.Sutar [11].checked effect of
cutting parameters on surface roughnessin
CNCend milling of AISI316L.Taguchi and
ANOVAmethods were applied.Input cutting
parameters cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut,
and type of coolant were used. The results said
that type of coolant is the most factor amongst
parameters had best effect on surface roughness.
MeltemAltinKaratas [12]. Reviewed the
machinability of carbon fiber reinforced
polymer (CFRP) and glass fiber reinforced
polymer (GFRP) composite materials for
turning .Cutting speed and feed rate were two
cutting parameters used to obtain surface
roughness. Methods of ANOVA, artificial
neural network (ANN), fuzzy inferences
systems (FIF), and taguchi method are applied.
It is observed that increasing feed rate
enhancing mean surface roughness.Alokesh P
Ramarrik [13]. investigated face milling of
nano particles reinforced Al-based metal matrix
composites using single milling tool. They
used DOE model to predict surface roughness.
Spindle speed, feed rate, and
depth of cut were three parameters applied for
milling process. The results confirmed that feed
rate has most influence on surface roughness.
2. EXPERIMENTAL WORK
2.1 Workpeice Material
A stir casting process for aluminum alloy A 356
was done in a cylindrical steel mould with
length 200 mm and diameter 40 mm. The
chemical composition of A 356 is shown below
in Table 1.This alloy was reinforced with
different volume fraction ( 0 %, 0.5%, and 1% )
of multi-wall carbon nano tubes (MWCNTS).
TABLE 1.Chemical composition of aluminum silicon alloy A 356
2.2 Machine and Tool
The conventional center lathe machine Germaine 86 is used for cutting runs. The holder MCLNR 2525 M12 is
chosen and according to the manufacturing catalogofkorloy uncoated carbide tip insert of ISO designation of
CNMG 120408 – HA is selected as indicated on Fig1. The insert dimensions are shown in Table 2
(A) Holder (B) Carbide inserts (C) Dimensions of carbide insert
Fig .1. Cutting tool
Constitute Weight % Constitute Weight % Constitute Weight % Constitute Weight %
Al 92.3000 Cr 0.0001 Cu 0.0002 Ti 0.1550
Si 6.9400 Pb 0.0010 Mn 0.0010 V 0.0160
Fe 0.0840 Sn 0.0004 Mg 0.3750 Zn 0.0050
3. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-56-
TABLE 2.Dimensions of carbide insert
2.3 Measurement Device
Talysurf Mitutoyo SJ-310 device for measuring the mean arithmetic surface roughness (Ra) of machined
surfaceis shown in Fig .2
Fig.2.Talysurf Mitutoyo SJ ـ 310 device
2.4 Material Removal Rate Calculations
Material removal rate is used to determine the amount of material removed per second. It is calculated by the formula in
equation (1) as mentioned[14].
MRR = VC * f * d mm3
/sec (1)
Where: VC is cutting speed (mm / sec), f is cutting feed rate (mm / rev), and d is depth of cut (mm).
2.5Design Of Experiments
The response surface methodology and design expert version7software are used for experimental design and the modeling
and analysis of the influence of process variables on the results. Three independent cutting parameters namely rotational
speed, feed rate, and depth of cut as well as volume fraction of MWCNTs with three levels for each factor are indicated in
Table3
TABLE 3.Investigated parameters and levels
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Results showed measured mean surface roughness (Ra) and calculated material removal rate (MRR) in a Table 4
below
d ( mm) r (mm) dl(mm) t (mm)
12.70 0.8 5.16 4.76
Symbol Variables Levels
1 2 3
A Rotational speed N (r.p.m) 142 427 712
B Feed rate f (mm / rev) 0.09 0.13 0.16
C Depth of cut d (mm) 0.25 0.50 0.75
5. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-58-
3.1 Effect of process parameters on surface roughness (Ra)
Table 5 listed ANOVA for mean surface roughness results. According to P-values less than 0.0500 indicate that
the model terms are significant. Values greater than 0.0500 indicate that the model terms are not significant.So
feed rate is the most significant parameter effects on surface roughness. Cutting speed and volume fraction of
MWCNTs have no significant effects.
TABLE 5.ANOVA for mean surface roughness Ra
Normal probablity plots of residuals for mean surface roughness shown in Fig 4-a examines distribution of
residuals in straight line. This means that the errors are distributed normally. the points not falls on a line
shows non-mormality in errors. While
Fig 4-billustrates the residuals plot versus predicted surface roughness which rondomly distribution without
megaphone shape.
Fig .4-a.Normal probability plot of residuals for mean surface roughness Ra
Fig . 4-b. Residuals plot versus predicted surface roughness Ra
The response surface 3D plot of material removal rate is shown in Fig 5. It describes the values of material
removal rate at the input factors (cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut).
ANOVA for response surface linear model
Source Sum of
squares
Df Mean
square
F-Value P-Value Notes
Model 49.27 4 12.32 62.00 <0.0001 Significa
nt
A-Cutting speed 0.18 1 0.18 0.89 0.3543
B-Feed rate 45 1 45.43 228.68 <0.0001
C-Depth of cut 43 1 3.63 18.27 0.0002
D-MWCNTS% 3.63 1 0.029 0.15 0.7043
Residual 4.97 25 0.20
6. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-59-
Fig.5. Response surface 3D plot of material removal rate MRR
3.2 Effect of process parameters on material removal rate (MRR)
Table 6 listed ANOVA for material removal rate results. According to P-values less than 0.0500 indicate that
the model terms are significant. Values greater than 0.0500 indicate that the model terms are not significant.
Socutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut have the same significant effect on material removal rate and volume
fraction of MWCNTs has no significant. Interactions between cutting speed and feed rate (AB), cutting speed
and depth of cut (AC), and feed rate and depth of cut (BC) have the same significant effect on material removal
rate.
Table 6. ANOVA formterial removal rate MRR
Normal probablity plots of residuals for material removal rate shown in Fig 6-a examines distribution of
residuals in straight line this means that the errors are distributed normally. the points not falls on a line shows
non-mormality in errors. While Fig 6-b illustrates the residuals plot versus predicted material removal rate
which rondomly distribution without megaphone shape.
Fig . 6-a . Normal probability plot of residuals for material removal rate MRR
ANOVA for response surfaceLinear Model
Source Sum of
squares
df Mean square F-Value P-Value Notes
Model 39953.56 10 3995.36 207.49 <0.0001 Significant
A-Cutting speed 19365.32 1 19365.32 1005.69 <0.0001
B-Feed rate 3375.46 1 3375.46 175.30 <0.0001
C-Depth of cut 10858.47 1 10858.47 563.91 <0.0001
D-Nano ratio 0.000 1 0.000 0.000 1.0000
AB 1338.13 1 1338.13 69.49 <0.0001
AC 4266.38 1 4266.38 221.56 <0.0001
BC 749.80 1 749.80 38.94 <0.0001
Residual 365.86 19 19.26
7. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-60-
Fig . 6-b. Residuals plot versus predicted material removal rate MRR
4.CONCLUSIONS
1. Feed rate is the most significant effect on a surface roughness Ra.
2. cutting speed and volume fraction of MWCNTS have no significant on surface roughness.
3. cutting speed, feed rate, and depth of cut have the same degree of significanc on a material removal
rate,while the nano ratio is not significant.
4. Interactions between cutting speed and feed rate, cutting speed and depth of cut, and feed rate and depth of
cut have the same effect on a material removal rate, in addition to the interactions between cutting sped
and volume fraction of MWCNTS, between feed rate and volume fraction of MWCNTS, and between depth
of cut and volume fraction of MWCNTS have no significant.
5. Increasing the value of cutting speed and decreasing the values of feed ratea depth of cut leads to negative
effect on a surface roughness.
REFERENCES
[1] Wang B., Ruan T., Chen Y., Jin F., Peng L., Zhou Y., Wang D., and Dou S. Graphene-based composites for
electrochemical energy storage. Energy Storage Mater. 2019 doi: 10.1016/j.ensm.2019.08.004
[2] Wang J., Guo L., Lin W., Chen J., Liu C., Chen S., Zhang S., and Zhen T. Effect of the graphene content on
the microstructures and properties of graphene/aluminum composites. New Carbon Mater. 2019;34:275–285.
doi: 10.1016/S1872-5805(19)60016-8
[3]Saboori A., Chen X., Badini C., and Fino P., Pavese M. Reactive spontaneous infiltration of Al-activated TiO2
by molten aluminum. Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China. 2019;29:657–666. doi: 10.1016/S1003-
6326(19)64976-9.
[4] U. A. Dabadea , and M. R. Jadhav , Experimental study of surface integrity of Al/SiC particulate metal–matrix
composites in hot machining. 48th CIRP Conference on MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS - CIRP CMS 2015,
Procedia CIRP vl 41 pg 914 – 919. 2016
[5] Samya Dahbi, Haj El Moussami, and LatifaEzzine, Optimization of turning parameters for surface roughness
of AISI 1042 Steel standard carbide tool inserts CNMG120402, CNMG120404 and CNMG120408
hal.archives-ouvertes.fr. 2016
[6] Devendra Singh, Vimanyu Chadha and Ranganath M Singar, effect of nose radius on surface roughness during
cnc turning of Aluminium (6061) in dry condition using response surface methodology. International Journal
of Recent advances in Mechanical Engineering (IJMECH). 2016
[7] VishalSardana, Achintya, and Ranganath M. S. Analysis of surface roughness during CNC Turning using
Taguchi and Response Surface Methodology. International organization of Scientific Research ,IOSR Journal
of Engineering (IOSRJEN). 2016
[8] Maheshkumarsharma, Sanjay singh, and Rakeshkumar, optimization of cutting parameter for turning en-31
alloy steel material using rsm, Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research (JETIR). 2016
[9] Ranganath M Singari, Vipin, and Sanchay Gupta, Prediction of Surface Roughness in CNC Turning of
Aluminum 6061 Using for the Effect of Tool Geometry. International journal of advanced production and
industrial engineering. 2016
8. Vol. 1, No.45 July. 2020, pp. 54-61
M. I. MANSOUR et al.
Engineering Research Journal (ERJ)
-61-
[10] Anthony Xavior Ma., and Ajith Kumar J P, Machinability of Hybrid Metal Matrix Composite - A Review.
13th Global Congress on Manufacturing and Management (GCMM-2016), Procedia Engineering vl 174, pg
1110 – 1118. 2017
[11]Pooja A. Sutar , Study the effect of machining parameters on surface roughness in CNC End Milling of AISI
316L. International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1.
2017
[12] Meltem ALTIN KARATAŞ, A Review on Machinability of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and
Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) Composite Materials. Defence Technology 2018.
[13] AlokeshPramanik , Face Milling of Nanoparticles Reinforced Al-Based Metal Matrix Composites using a
single insert milling tool. J. Compos. Sci. 2018, 2, 13. 2018
[14] Bedamati,Nayak,Multi response optimization in machining exploration of TOPSIS and dengs roukela
769008, India, rollNo.212ME 2296,2014