Masculinity in Irrigation
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This document discusses masculinity in the context of irrigation systems. It defines masculinity and how gender is understood through symbols, social structures, and identities. Irrigation systems are described as masculine domains where men control rights to water and infrastructure and dominate professionally. This leads to gendered impacts, such as women facing more food insecurity and increased workloads when men migrate. The document calls for more gender-inclusive water governance and representation of women in irrigation institutions to transform gender relations. References are provided on the topics of gender differentiation and impacts in agriculture and water management.
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This document summarizes the history of gender roles in academic librarianship in the United States from the 17th century to present day. It describes how the field transitioned from being predominantly male to predominantly female as more women entered the profession in the late 19th/early 20th century. It also discusses the impact of technologies like the internet in recent decades in expanding roles for both male and female academic librarians.
Purchase CV 2016[1]
This document provides biographical and professional information about Dr. Chrys Ingraham, including her education, areas of specialization, research interests, publications, presentations, and work experience. She has a PhD in Sociology from Syracuse University and is currently a professor and coordinator at Purchase College. Her research focuses on social inequality related to race, class, gender, disability, and sexuality. She has authored several books and many articles on topics like heteronormativity, weddings, and popular culture.
ANTY 500 Annotated Bibliography
This document provides summaries of 15 academic sources related to feminist anthropology and gender studies. The sources cover a range of topics including histories of feminist anthropology, critiques of feminist theory, ethnographic works analyzing gender roles and rituals, and studies of masculinity. The document aims to provide an annotated bibliography on literature relevant to understanding feminist anthropological perspectives and research on gender.
Neither Man nor WomanThe Hijras of IndiaS E C O N D E D .docx
Neither Man nor Woman
The Hijras of India
S E C O N D E D I T I O N
Serena Nanda
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
City University of New York
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Nanda, Serena.
Neither man nor woman : the Hijras of India / Serena Nanda. — 2nd.
ed.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-534-50903-7 (alk. paper)
1. Eunuchs—India. 2. Transsexuals—India. 3. Sex role—India.
I. Title.
HQ449.N36 1998
305.3'0954—dc21 98-41187
To Ruth Freed, in whose classes it all began
And to Lucy B., with much affection
Becoming human is becoming individual, and we become individual
under the guidance of cultural patterns . . . which give form, order,
point, and direction to our lives. . . . We must. . . descend into detail,
past the misleading tags, past the metaphysical types, past the empty
similarities to grasp firmly the essential character of not only the various
cultures hut the various.
Womens_Standpoints_on_Nature_What_Makes.pdf
Women's Standpoints on Nature: What Makes Them Possible?
Sandra Harding
Osiris, Vol. 12, Women, Gender, and Science: New Directions (1997), pp. 186-200 (
1 - Introduction to Gender studies .pptx
The document provides an overview of gender studies as an academic field. It defines key terms like sex, gender, and discusses the difference between gender studies and women's studies. Gender studies examines how biological sex differences are influenced by socio-cultural factors. It is an interdisciplinary field that draws from areas like history, psychology, and sociology. There was debate around establishing gender studies as an autonomous discipline versus integrating it into existing fields. The document also briefly outlines the history and current status of gender studies in Pakistan.
Gender in CommunicationThird Edition2This .docx
This document provides information about the third edition of the book "Gender in Communication: A Critical Introduction" including:
1) Events that informed revisions for the third edition including the 2016 US presidential election, the Women's March on Washington, and incidents involving Elizabeth Warren and reporters April Ryan and Maxine Waters.
2) A brief overview of the book including its core principles of developing a critical gender lens, examining gender across social institutions, and recognizing the importance of studying gender in communication.
3) Details about the book's organization including two parts on foundations of gender theory and examining gender in social institutions, as well as new content added for the third edition.
4) Acknowledgments of the authors'
Gender in CommunicationThird Edition2This .docx
Gender in Communication
Third Edition
2
This book honors our mothers:
Maj. Helen Mary Finks Palczewski (1921–1999)
Victoria DeFrancisco Leto (1924–2004)
Adele Eilers Pruin (1929–)
Mary Lu Dick (1956–)
This book also honors Cate’s life partner:
Arnold James Madsen (1958–2017)
Arnie was a good man. In this political moment, during which good men committed to gender/sex justice are sorely
needed, our loss of Arnie is particularly painful. Be good. Do good.
3
Gender in Communication
A Critical Introduction
Third Edition
Catherine Helen Palczewski
University of Northern Iowa
Victoria Pruin DeFrancisco
University of Northern Iowa
Danielle Dick McGeough
University of Northern Iowa
4
FOR INFORMATION:
SAGE Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: [email protected]
SAGE Publications Ltd.
1 Oliver’s Yard
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London EC1Y 1SP
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Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
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#10-04 Samsung Hub
Singapore 049483
Copyright © 2019 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Palczewski, Catherine Helen, author. | DeFrancisco, Victoria L. (Victoria Leto), author. | McGeough, Danielle Dick, author.
Title: Gender in communication : a critical introduction / Catherine Helen Palczewski, University of Northern Iowa, Victoria Pruin
DeFrancisco, University of Northern Iowa, Danielle Dick McGeough, University of Northern Iowa.
Other titles: Communicating gender diversity
Description: Third Edition. | Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications, [2018] | Revised edition of the authors’ Gender in communication, [2014]
| Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017034869 | ISBN 9781506358451 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Sex role. | Gender identity. | Communication—Social aspects. | Communication—Sex differences. | Sexism in language.
Classification: LCC HQ1075 .D43 2018 | DDC 305.3—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034869
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Acquisitions Editor: Terri Accomazzo
Production Editor: Laureen Gleason
Copy Editor: Deanna Noga
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreader: Sarah J. Duffy
5
https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034869
Indexer: Marilyn Augst
Cover Designer: Scott Van Atta
Marketing Manager: Allison Henry
6
Brief Contents
1. Preface
2. PART I: Foundations
1. Chapter 1 Developing a Critical Gender/Sex Lens
2. Chapter 2 Theories of Gender/Sex
3. Chapter 3 Gendered/Sexed Voices
4. Chapter 4 Gendered/Sexed Bodies
5. Chapter.
Gender in CommunicationThird Edition2This .docx
Gender in Communication
Third Edition
2
This book honors our mothers:
Maj. Helen Mary Finks Palczewski (1921–1999)
Victoria DeFrancisco Leto (1924–2004)
Adele Eilers Pruin (1929–)
Mary Lu Dick (1956–)
This book also honors Cate’s life partner:
Arnold James Madsen (1958–2017)
Arnie was a good man. In this political moment, during which good men committed to gender/sex justice are sorely
needed, our loss of Arnie is particularly painful. Be good. Do good.
3
Gender in Communication
A Critical Introduction
Third Edition
Catherine Helen Palczewski
University of Northern Iowa
Victoria Pruin DeFrancisco
University of Northern Iowa
Danielle Dick McGeough
University of Northern Iowa
4
FOR INFORMATION:
SAGE Publications, Inc.
2455 Teller Road
Thousand Oaks, California 91320
E-mail: [email protected]
SAGE Publications Ltd.
1 Oliver’s Yard
55 City Road
London EC1Y 1SP
United Kingdom
SAGE Publications India Pvt. Ltd.
B 1/I 1 Mohan Cooperative Industrial Area
Mathura Road, New Delhi 110 044
India
SAGE Publications Asia-Pacific Pte. Ltd.
3 Church Street
#10-04 Samsung Hub
Singapore 049483
Copyright © 2019 by SAGE Publications, Inc.
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means,
electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval
system, without permission in writing from the publisher.
Printed in the United States of America
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Palczewski, Catherine Helen, author. | DeFrancisco, Victoria L. (Victoria Leto), author. | McGeough, Danielle Dick, author.
Title: Gender in communication : a critical introduction / Catherine Helen Palczewski, University of Northern Iowa, Victoria Pruin
DeFrancisco, University of Northern Iowa, Danielle Dick McGeough, University of Northern Iowa.
Other titles: Communicating gender diversity
Description: Third Edition. | Thousand Oaks : SAGE Publications, [2018] | Revised edition of the authors’ Gender in communication, [2014]
| Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2017034869 | ISBN 9781506358451 (pbk. : alk. paper)
Subjects: LCSH: Sex role. | Gender identity. | Communication—Social aspects. | Communication—Sex differences. | Sexism in language.
Classification: LCC HQ1075 .D43 2018 | DDC 305.3—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034869
This book is printed on acid-free paper.
Acquisitions Editor: Terri Accomazzo
Production Editor: Laureen Gleason
Copy Editor: Deanna Noga
Typesetter: C&M Digitals (P) Ltd.
Proofreader: Sarah J. Duffy
5
https://lccn.loc.gov/2017034869
Indexer: Marilyn Augst
Cover Designer: Scott Van Atta
Marketing Manager: Allison Henry
6
Brief Contents
1. Preface
2. PART I: Foundations
1. Chapter 1 Developing a Critical Gender/Sex Lens
2. Chapter 2 Theories of Gender/Sex
3. Chapter 3 Gendered/Sexed Voices
4. Chapter 4 Gendered/Sexed Bodies
5. Chapter ...
Ecofeminism
The document discusses the concept of ecofeminism. It defines ecofeminism as a branch of feminism that examines the connections between women and nature. The document outlines two main schools of ecofeminist thought - radical ecofeminism and cultural ecofeminism. It also discusses key thinkers in ecofeminism such as Françoise d'Eaubonne, Vandana Shiva, and Bina Agarwal and their perspectives on the relationship between women and the environment. The document concludes that an analysis of women's interaction with nature must consider gender as well as other social factors like class, caste, and race.
Introduction and The Socio-Spatial Creation of Disability
Introduction and The Socio-Spatial Creation of DisabilityResearch and Training Center on Disability in Rural Communities, at the University of Montana
Learn about how the environment and the spaces in which we live influence our perceptions of disability! Similar to Masculinity in Irrigation (20)
Neither Man nor WomanThe Hijras of IndiaS E C O N D E D .docx
Neither Man nor WomanThe Hijras of IndiaS E C O N D E D .docx
Introduction and The Socio-Spatial Creation of Disability
Introduction and The Socio-Spatial Creation of Disability
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Gendered need for irrigation development in changing climate context
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Gendered need for irrigation development in changing climate context
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This document summarizes the results of a survey on urban water issues in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal. It finds that demand for water vastly exceeds supply, with many households not meeting their needs regularly. While most have access to piped water, groundwater from private and community dug wells and springs also provide sources. A third buy bottled water and 30% purchase water from tankers. Rainwater harvesting is practiced by half of households but mainly for non-drinking uses. Perceptions of scarcity differ by socioeconomic status and water access. The majority feel their locality faces a water crisis. Recommended solutions include groundwater regulation, demand management, rainwater harvesting policies, and completing the Melamchi water project.
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Climate and Flood Resilient Housing - Teesta
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Urban Water Issues in Himalayan Towns
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As urbanisation increases across the Hindu Kush Himalaya (HKH), a study carried out by our colleagues in HI-AWARE, studies the relationships that 8 towns have with respect to water access and usage. These 8 towns are in 3 countries of the HKH: Pakistan, India and Nepal
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Understanding the hydrological aspects of the Himalayan Rivers is important for water resource planning and development. The transboundary Gandaki River originates from high altitude areas of Nepal (and few tributaries from China) and flows downstream to the Indo-Gangetic Plain before meeting with the mighty Ganges.
Understanding the irrigation governance and mechanisms of water resource mana...
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This document discusses gender issues related to water governance and women's roles in irrigation management and development in Nepal. It outlines that women are often responsible for water collection but are rarely involved in decision making around water resources. It advocates for increasing women's participation in irrigation user groups and ensuring their access to land and water rights. The document notes Nepal has made little progress in empowering women in water governance according to its MDG goals. It concludes irrigation policies and projects should incorporate gender considerations in their engineering, organization, and operations to better address the needs of both male and female users.
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Climate Change Impact Assessment on Hydrological Regime of Kali Gandaki Basin
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Gendered need for irrigation development in changing climate context
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
原版制作(英国Southampton毕业证书)南安普顿大学毕业证录取通知书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(英国Southampton毕业证书)南安普顿大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
IEA World Energy Investment June 2024- Statistics
IEA World Energy Investment Report 2024
Publication: June 2024
快速办理(UVM毕业证书)佛蒙特大学毕业证学位证一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(UVM毕业证书)佛蒙特大学毕业证学位证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
DI SEGUITO SONO PUBBLICATI, AI SENSI DELL'ART. 11 DELLA LEGGE N. 3/2019, GLI IMPORTI RICEVUTI DALL'ENTRATA IN VIGORE DELLA SUDDETTA NORMA (31/01/2019) E FINO AL MESE SOLARE ANTECEDENTE QUELLO DELLA PUBBLICAZIONE SUL PRESENTE SITO
PAS PSDF Mop Up Workshop Presentation 2024 .pptx
This is the slide deck of what PAS learnt supporting councils awarded Planning Skills Delivery Funds
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC Charlotte
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
karnataka housing board schemes . all schemes
The Karnataka government, along with the central government’s Pradhan Mantri Awas Yojana (PMAY), offers various housing schemes to cater to the diverse needs of citizens across the state. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the major housing schemes available in the Karnataka housing board for both urban and rural areas in 2024.
Indira awas yojana housing scheme renamed as PMAY
Indira Awas Yojana (IAY) played a significant role in addressing rural housing needs in India. It emerged as a comprehensive program for affordable housing solutions in rural areas, predating the government’s broader focus on mass housing initiatives.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
A forever thank you in your Will to Milton Keynes University Hospital can change lives for years to come.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.
The best available, up-to-date information on all fishing and related vessels that appear on the illegal, unregulated, and unreported (IUU) fishing vessel lists published by Regional Fisheries Management Organisations (RFMOs) and related organisations. The aim of the site is to improve the effectiveness of the original IUU lists as a tool for a wide variety of stakeholders to better understand and combat illegal fishing and broader fisheries crime.
To date, the following regional organisations maintain or share lists of vessels that have been found to carry out or support IUU fishing within their own or adjacent convention areas and/or species of competence:
Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR)
Commission for the Conservation of Southern Bluefin Tuna (CCSBT)
General Fisheries Commission for the Mediterranean (GFCM)
Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission (IATTC)
International Commission for the Conservation of Atlantic Tunas (ICCAT)
Indian Ocean Tuna Commission (IOTC)
Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (NAFO)
North East Atlantic Fisheries Commission (NEAFC)
North Pacific Fisheries Commission (NPFC)
South East Atlantic Fisheries Organisation (SEAFO)
South Pacific Regional Fisheries Management Organisation (SPRFMO)
Southern Indian Ocean Fisheries Agreement (SIOFA)
Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission (WCPFC)
The Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List merges all these sources into one list that provides a single reference point to identify whether a vessel is currently IUU listed. Vessels that have been IUU listed in the past and subsequently delisted (for example because of a change in ownership, or because the vessel is no longer in service) are also retained on the site, so that the site contains a full historic record of IUU listed fishing vessels.
Unlike the IUU lists published on individual RFMO websites, which may update vessel details infrequently or not at all, the Combined IUU Fishing Vessel List is kept up to date with the best available information regarding changes to vessel identity, flag state, ownership, location, and operations.
Border towns and spaces of (in)visibility.pdf
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Recently uploaded (20)
Awaken new depths - World Ocean Day 2024, June 8th.
Awaken new depths - World Ocean Day 2024, June 8th.
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
Contributi dei parlamentari del PD - Contributi L. 3/2019
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC Charlotte
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC Charlotte
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
Milton Keynes Hospital Charity - A guide to leaving a gift in your Will
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.
Combined Illegal, Unregulated and Unreported (IUU) Vessel List.
Masculinity in Irrigation
- 1. Anjal Prakash, PhD Programme Coordinator – HIAWARE, ICIMOD Understanding Masculinity in Irrigation Imperatives for gender transformative decentralized water governance
- 2. Defining masculinity in irrigation • Making women more visible in irrigation and their legitimate right over access to resources including institutions that governs (women as political subjects) • Gender issues in irrigation has been researched but the professional irrigation context is still a ‘man’s world’ • Adopting a relational approach that locates gender within broader dimensions of power and social difference (irrigation is a context) (Source: Zwarteveen, 2011)
- 3. Understanding Masculinity.. 3 distinct processes (Sandra Harding, 1986) – symbols, structures and identities 1. Dualistic Gender Metaphors (Symbolism) • Public domain (masculine)Water For production • Private domain (feminine)Water for HH Consumption
- 4. 2. Gender Dualism interacts with social and power structure (structure) Income and resources are divided following the social structure Interaction with gender dualism Leading to gendered social life..
- 5. 3. Identity • Socially constructed individual identities • Imperfectly co-relates with perception of sexual differences • Leading to gendered social life – sex- gender system (Rubin, 1975) or as ‘hegemonic forms’ of masculinity (Connel, 1987)
- 6. Is irrigation system masculine? (Janwillem, 2014; Zwarteveen, 2008) Men’s control over rights to irrigation water and infrastructure Male domination in the professional irrigation domain Gendered thinking in irrigation knowledge lacking Most work on gender and FMIS is done by Wageningen School and IWMI Bruins and Heijmans, 1993; Zwarteveen and Neupane, 1996; Koppen et al., 2001; Udas, 2002; Ghimire, 2004; Upadhyay, 2004; Udas et al., 2014. Janwillem, 2014
- 7. What do you make out of this picture?
- 8. And this…??
- 9. Gender differentiated impacts • Migration has differential impacts on women and men • traditional roles as water and food collectors for the household • Decreased food consumption by women and girls • climate variability lowers agricultural production (women’s labour) Declining Agricultural production Food insecurity Increased conflict and migration Changes in Water Availability
- 10. FMIS and imperatives for gender relations • Male outmigration – increasing feminization of agricultural labour • Women are less represented in institutions • Women’s noninvolvement as formal members in meetings and the lack of representation affect their access to irrigation services • Resources, knowledge and authorities are controlled by masculinity – implications for gender relations
- 11. References • Harding, S. 1986. The Science Question in Feminism. Ithaca, USA and London, UK: Cornell University Press. • Rubin, Gayle. 1975. The Traffic in Women. In: R. Reiter, Toward an Anthropology of Women. New York, U.S.A.: Monthly Review Press. • Connell, Robert W. 1987. Gender and Power. Society, the Person and Sexual Politics. Cambridge, UK: Polity Press. • Feldstein, Hilary and Susan Poats (with Kathleen Cloud and Rosalie Huisinga Norem). 1989. Conceptual Framework for Gender Analysis in Farming Systems Research and Extension. In: Hilary Sims Feldstein and Susan V. Poats (eds.), Working Together. Gender Analysis in Agriculture. Volume I: Case Studies. West Hartford, Connecticut: Kumarian Press, pp. 7-37 • Kabeer, Naila. 1994. Reversed Realities: Gender Hierarchies in Development Thought. London, UK: Verso. • SaciWATERs. 2009. Situational Analysis of Women Water Professionals in South Asia. Crossing Boundaries Project. SaciWATERs. • Goh H.X. Amelia. 2012. A literature review of the gender-differentiated impacts of climate change on women’s and men’s assets and well-being in developing countries. CAPRI Working Paper 106. • Skinner. Emmeline2011. Gender and Climate Change. Bridge Report. IDS Sussex. UK • Zwarteveen, Margreet Z. 2008. Men, masculinities and water powers in irrigation. Water alternatives, 1 (1): 111-130. • Koppen, Barbara van; Jacobijn van Etten; Prabina Bajracharya and Amita Tuladhar. 2001. Women irrigators and leaders in the West Gandak scheme, Nepal. Working paper 15. Colombo, Sri Lanka: International Water Management Institute.
- 12. Thank you Supported by the UK’s Department for International Development (DFID) and Canada’s International Development Research Centre (IDRC)