Masaccio, Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 1426-27
Often credited with being the first painting employing scientific, single-point perspective—discovered by Brunelleschi only a few years earlier—looks like actual space that recedes—at center of fresco we see Holy Trinity—body of Christ, dove, and God the Father—head of dove looks down at Christ—incredible rendering of human body—pulled, tortured, affected by gravity—what happens to muscles of body—evokes sympathy (hollow of abdomen), bleeding—deep faithfulnessscientific observation—on left Mary points towards Christ, holds out hand (way to salvation)—on right St. John—donors on lower level—at bottom exposed tomb—inscription reads ‘As I am now, so you shall be. As you are now, so once was I.’—memento mori—imminence of death—reminder of death, prepare now for salvation—eternal life in Heaven—innovation of new perspective—specific viewpoint for viewer—architecture based on ancient Greek and Roman architecture—Masaccio shows off—not simple tile floor—modeling to show dimension, sculptural relief—proportional accuracy of the bodies—culture of trade in Florence—buy/sell, fractions, space volumes, analytic and rational culture
Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1500
Investigation of the
Ferguson Police Department
United States Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division
March 4, 2015
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. REPORT SUMMARY ........................................................................................................ 1
II. BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................. 6
III. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS ARE FOCUSED ON
GENERATING REVENUE ............................................................................................... 9
IV. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES VIOLATE THE LAW AND
UNDERMINE COMMUNITY TRUST, ESPECIALLY AMONG AFRICAN
AMERICANS .................................................................................................................... 15
A. Ferguson’s Police Practices ............................................................................................ 15
1. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Unconstitutional Stops and Arrests in Violation
of the Fourth Amendment ..................................................................................... 16
2. FPD Engages in a Pattern of First Amendment Violations .................................. 24
3. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Excessive Force in Violation of the Fourth
Amendment ........................................................................................................... 28
B. Ferguson’s Municipal Court Practices ........................................................................... 42
1. Court Practices Impose Substantial and Unnecessary Barriers to the
Challenge or Resolution of Municipal Code Violations .......................
239Chapter 9 POLICE PSYCHOLOGY In this ch.docxnovabroom
239
Chapter 9
POLICE PSYCHOLOGY
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The diverse nature of law enforcement agencies operating in the
United States
The practice of police psychology and how it has changed over time
The four major domains of practice in police psychology
Some of the specifi c profi ciencies of police psychologists
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Police psychology is the application of psychological theory and research
to law enforcement or, more specifi cally, “ the delivery of psychological
services to and on behalf of law enforcement agencies, their executives,
and employees ” (Aumiller et al., 2007, p. 65). As we will see, the fi eld
of law enforcement is broad. It certainly includes the local agencies, typi-
cally city or county police and sheriff departments, with which we are
most familiar. But it is much broader, and includes various public safety,
corrections, and national security agencies at all levels of government. We
begin this chapter with overviews of law enforcement and the history of
police psychology in the United States. Next, we discuss in greater detail
four core domains of police psychology: assessment, intervention, opera-
tional support, and organizational consulting. Specifi c topics in the fi eld
of correctional psychology, including the assessment and management of
offenders, are covered in Chapter 9.
Modern societies give law enforcement agencies the responsibility to
uphold their laws and protect their citizens, and give them special powers
to do so. But how do we make sure that law enforcement agencies hire the
best possible offi cers, give them the best possible education and training,
and support them to do the best job possible? And what can law enforce-
ment agencies do to minimize the chances that a tragedy such as the shoot-
ing of Jean - Charles de Menezes does not happen again? These are the
kinds of questions that interest police psychologists.
c09.indd 239c09.indd 239 11/3/09 5:46:55 PM11/3/09 5:46:55 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 5/17/2020 6:18 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
240 Police Psychology
POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES
Police or law enforcement agencies are bureaucracies created by gov-
erning bodies to maintain public order and safety by ensuring compliance
with laws, rules, and regulations (Skolnick, 2001). The term governing
London, England . It is July 22, 2005, two we.
239Chapter 9 POLICE PSYCHOLOGY In this ch.docxjesusamckone
239
Chapter 9
POLICE PSYCHOLOGY
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The diverse nature of law enforcement agencies operating in the
United States
The practice of police psychology and how it has changed over time
The four major domains of practice in police psychology
Some of the specifi c profi ciencies of police psychologists
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Police psychology is the application of psychological theory and research
to law enforcement or, more specifi cally, “ the delivery of psychological
services to and on behalf of law enforcement agencies, their executives,
and employees ” (Aumiller et al., 2007, p. 65). As we will see, the fi eld
of law enforcement is broad. It certainly includes the local agencies, typi-
cally city or county police and sheriff departments, with which we are
most familiar. But it is much broader, and includes various public safety,
corrections, and national security agencies at all levels of government. We
begin this chapter with overviews of law enforcement and the history of
police psychology in the United States. Next, we discuss in greater detail
four core domains of police psychology: assessment, intervention, opera-
tional support, and organizational consulting. Specifi c topics in the fi eld
of correctional psychology, including the assessment and management of
offenders, are covered in Chapter 9.
Modern societies give law enforcement agencies the responsibility to
uphold their laws and protect their citizens, and give them special powers
to do so. But how do we make sure that law enforcement agencies hire the
best possible offi cers, give them the best possible education and training,
and support them to do the best job possible? And what can law enforce-
ment agencies do to minimize the chances that a tragedy such as the shoot-
ing of Jean - Charles de Menezes does not happen again? These are the
kinds of questions that interest police psychologists.
c09.indd 239c09.indd 239 11/3/09 5:46:55 PM11/3/09 5:46:55 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 5/17/2020 6:18 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
240 Police Psychology
POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES
Police or law enforcement agencies are bureaucracies created by gov-
erning bodies to maintain public order and safety by ensuring compliance
with laws, rules, and regulations (Skolnick, 2001). The term governing
London, England . It is July 22, 2005, two we.
Black Leaders’ Unified Statement of Action to Promote Reform and Stop Police ...All That Philly Jazz
As national civil and human rights organizations and leaders committed to the protection of the rights of African Americans and all Americans, we come together as a unified collective to urgently impress upon elected officials, law enforcement, the legal profession, businesses and all those in this nation interested in social justice, that we must not allow the killing of Michael Brown and other unarmed individuals across this nation to be in vain. As organizational leaders we represent millions across this country who are, as the old saying goes – “sick and tired of being sick and tired.”
239Chapter 9 POLICE PSYCHOLOGY In this ch.docxnovabroom
239
Chapter 9
POLICE PSYCHOLOGY
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The diverse nature of law enforcement agencies operating in the
United States
The practice of police psychology and how it has changed over time
The four major domains of practice in police psychology
Some of the specifi c profi ciencies of police psychologists
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Police psychology is the application of psychological theory and research
to law enforcement or, more specifi cally, “ the delivery of psychological
services to and on behalf of law enforcement agencies, their executives,
and employees ” (Aumiller et al., 2007, p. 65). As we will see, the fi eld
of law enforcement is broad. It certainly includes the local agencies, typi-
cally city or county police and sheriff departments, with which we are
most familiar. But it is much broader, and includes various public safety,
corrections, and national security agencies at all levels of government. We
begin this chapter with overviews of law enforcement and the history of
police psychology in the United States. Next, we discuss in greater detail
four core domains of police psychology: assessment, intervention, opera-
tional support, and organizational consulting. Specifi c topics in the fi eld
of correctional psychology, including the assessment and management of
offenders, are covered in Chapter 9.
Modern societies give law enforcement agencies the responsibility to
uphold their laws and protect their citizens, and give them special powers
to do so. But how do we make sure that law enforcement agencies hire the
best possible offi cers, give them the best possible education and training,
and support them to do the best job possible? And what can law enforce-
ment agencies do to minimize the chances that a tragedy such as the shoot-
ing of Jean - Charles de Menezes does not happen again? These are the
kinds of questions that interest police psychologists.
c09.indd 239c09.indd 239 11/3/09 5:46:55 PM11/3/09 5:46:55 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 5/17/2020 6:18 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
240 Police Psychology
POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES
Police or law enforcement agencies are bureaucracies created by gov-
erning bodies to maintain public order and safety by ensuring compliance
with laws, rules, and regulations (Skolnick, 2001). The term governing
London, England . It is July 22, 2005, two we.
239Chapter 9 POLICE PSYCHOLOGY In this ch.docxjesusamckone
239
Chapter 9
POLICE PSYCHOLOGY
In this chapter, you will become familiar with:
The diverse nature of law enforcement agencies operating in the
United States
The practice of police psychology and how it has changed over time
The four major domains of practice in police psychology
Some of the specifi c profi ciencies of police psychologists
•
•
•
•
CHAPTER OBJECTIVES
Police psychology is the application of psychological theory and research
to law enforcement or, more specifi cally, “ the delivery of psychological
services to and on behalf of law enforcement agencies, their executives,
and employees ” (Aumiller et al., 2007, p. 65). As we will see, the fi eld
of law enforcement is broad. It certainly includes the local agencies, typi-
cally city or county police and sheriff departments, with which we are
most familiar. But it is much broader, and includes various public safety,
corrections, and national security agencies at all levels of government. We
begin this chapter with overviews of law enforcement and the history of
police psychology in the United States. Next, we discuss in greater detail
four core domains of police psychology: assessment, intervention, opera-
tional support, and organizational consulting. Specifi c topics in the fi eld
of correctional psychology, including the assessment and management of
offenders, are covered in Chapter 9.
Modern societies give law enforcement agencies the responsibility to
uphold their laws and protect their citizens, and give them special powers
to do so. But how do we make sure that law enforcement agencies hire the
best possible offi cers, give them the best possible education and training,
and support them to do the best job possible? And what can law enforce-
ment agencies do to minimize the chances that a tragedy such as the shoot-
ing of Jean - Charles de Menezes does not happen again? These are the
kinds of questions that interest police psychologists.
c09.indd 239c09.indd 239 11/3/09 5:46:55 PM11/3/09 5:46:55 PM
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EBSCO Publishing : eBook Collection (EBSCOhost) - printed on 5/17/2020 6:18 PM via STRAYER UNIVERSITY
AN: 309009 ; Roesch, Ronald, Hart, Stephen D., Zapf, Patricia A..; Forensic Psychology and Law
Account: strayer.main.eds-live
240 Police Psychology
POLICING IN THE UNITED STATES
Police or law enforcement agencies are bureaucracies created by gov-
erning bodies to maintain public order and safety by ensuring compliance
with laws, rules, and regulations (Skolnick, 2001). The term governing
London, England . It is July 22, 2005, two we.
Black Leaders’ Unified Statement of Action to Promote Reform and Stop Police ...All That Philly Jazz
As national civil and human rights organizations and leaders committed to the protection of the rights of African Americans and all Americans, we come together as a unified collective to urgently impress upon elected officials, law enforcement, the legal profession, businesses and all those in this nation interested in social justice, that we must not allow the killing of Michael Brown and other unarmed individuals across this nation to be in vain. As organizational leaders we represent millions across this country who are, as the old saying goes – “sick and tired of being sick and tired.”
MAT308Chapter 10 Test (75 Points)Show You Work!(1) The mean .docxtienboileau
MAT308
Chapter 10 Test (75 Points)
Show You Work!
(1) The mean number of hours of sleep for adults in the population of the U.S. is 6.8. A researcher believes that the mean number of hours that college students get per night is significantly different from adults in the population. The mean number of hours of sleep in a sample of 25 college students is 7.1 hours. The standard deviation of this sample is 0.87. Does the data provide support for the researcher's prediction? α level: 0.05
(15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(2) Is the percentage of Creamery customers who prefer chocolate ice cream over vanilla less than 80%? In a sample of 50 customers 60% preferred chocolate over vanilla. α level: 0.05 (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(3) A manufacturer finds that baseballs dropped 24 ft. onto a concrete surface are supposed to bounce an average of 93 in. The manufacturer of the balls has moved to a new facility, and there is concern that the balls are different. One hundred balls were sampled and it was found that the average of the bounce height was 92.232 with a standard deviation of 1.56. . α level: 0.05 (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(4) The mean Verbal SAT score for the population of all first students at Radford is 520. The standard deviation of scores in this population is 95. An investigator believes that the mean Verbal SAT of first year psychology majors is significantly different from the mean score of population. The mean of a sample of 36 first year psychology majors is 540. Please test the investigator's prediction using an alpha level of 0.05. (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(5) First graders in the state of Virginia get an average score of 20 on a reading test (higher score reflect higher levels of performance). A teacher is using a new method to teach reading. She predicts that by the end of the first grade, students getting her new method will have significantly higher scores on reading than those in the population. The mean of the 25 students in her class is 23.2 and the standard deviation of the students in the class is 4.7. Use an alpha level of 0.05. (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
Two Part assignment requiring articulate, professionally written content, that is non repetitive? Plagiarism sensitive. Please use MLA format and must cite all resources and references.
Part One - Following the works Cited listed below of scholarly articles regarding The play “The Homecoming”, by Harold Pinter create10 pages of competent, utilizing those listed or others of schol.
Masters level forum Compare and contrast what President Woodrow .docxtienboileau
Masters level forum
Compare and contrast what President Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow said about politics and public administration. Discuss and critique their writings and analyze the politics-administration dichotomy, whether the dichotomy is real or ideal, and how they impacted public administration today.
3 citations
500 word minimum
lesson attached
.
Martin Wolf MARCH 24 2020 The coronavirus seeks only t.docxtienboileau
Martin Wolf MARCH 24 2020
The coronavirus seeks only to replicate. We seek to halt that replication. Unlike the virus, humans make
choices. This pandemic will pass into history. But the way in which it passes will shape the world it leaves
behind. It is the first such pandemic for a century. And it comes to a world that — unlike in 1918, when
the Spanish flu hit — has been at peace and enjoys unprecedented wealth. We should be able to
manage it well. If we do not do so, this will be a turning point for the worse. Making the right decisions
requires that we understand the options and their moral implications. We now confront two
fundamental sets of choices: within our countries and across borders. In high-income countries, the
biggest choice is how aggressively to halt transmission of the virus. But we also need to decide who will
bear the costs of that choice and how. Some continue to argue that it is wrong to force the economy
into a depression to suppress transmission of the virus. This, they suggest, will cause unnecessary
disruption. If, instead, the virus is left to spread relatively freely, we can achieve “herd immunity”,
sustain the economy and still focus resources on the vulnerable. Yet it is not clear that the economy
would fare better under this relatively laissez faire “mitigation” policy than under one of determined
“suppression”. Long before government-imposed lockdowns, many people stopped travelling or going
to restaurants, cinemas or shops. Decisive action to suppress the virus and follow up with testing and
tracking of new infections could well end the inevitable economic slump even sooner than otherwise.
What seems quite certain is the global health system would fare much better under suppression than
mitigation. Under the latter, argues the Imperial College Covid-19 Response Team, the health systems of
the UK and US would be overwhelmed: large numbers of predominantly old people would be left to die
untreated. It was presumably to prevent this from happening across China that the government
suppressed the virus so fiercely in Hubei. Could a health calamity that is unacceptable in China be
acceptable in the UK or US? Yet the critics are also right: it will be impossible to close large parts of our
economies for very long. If suppression is to be tried, it must be successful quickly and resurgence of the
virus must be throttled. Meanwhile, central banks and governments must seek to keep as much of the
economy going as possible, preserve as much productive capacity intact as possible and ensure that the
people, above all the vulnerable, are generously protected in whatever way a country finds practical.
The solidarity between countries needs to be as strong as within them. The financial instability and
looming recession (probably depression) we see coming will inflict huge harm on emerging and
developing countries. The IMF states that investors have already removed $83.
Mass movementChoose oneA. happens only when the slope .docxtienboileau
Mass movement
Choose one:
A. happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the angle of repose.
B. can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of water is too great.
C. is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural materials.
D. is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under wet conditions.
Which of the following processes most logically explains the different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery?
Choose one:
A. slump
B. creep
C. mudflow
D. liquefaction
Avalanches
Choose one:
A. are slow mass-movement events.
B. never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build.
C. always contain snow and/or ice.
D. can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new snow.
Solifluction
Choose one:
A. is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost.
B. is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of swelling clays.
C. means that the level of the water table fluctuates with precipitation.
D. is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands.
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill.
B. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
C. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking.
D. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current.
Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow avalanches?
Choose one:
A. increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the cornice of mountain slopes
B. expansive water drainage systems
C. targeted, controlled explosions
D. allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where avalanches will not occur)
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope.
B. Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can help keep slopes stable.
C. Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in severe mud and debris flows.
D. Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes.
Consider the following eight phrases:
1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers
2. weathering of minerals to produce clay
3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes
4. controlled water drainage
5. retaining walls along highway embankments
6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts
7. removing support at the toe of the slope
8. adding weight at the top of the slope
Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement?
Choose one:
A. choices 3 and 8 only
B. choices 2, 7, and 8
C. choices 1, 2, and 4
D. choices 2, 4, 7, and 8
Watch the
Submarine Slide
portion of the
Slides
topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of a continental shelf create a tsunami?
Choose .
Marys one year old daughter is due to be given the Measles, Mum.docxtienboileau
Mary's one year old daughter is due to be given the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine during her next visit to the doctor. Mary is upset and concerned because one of her friend's sons became ill after a similar vaccination. She has also heard rumors that MMR vaccine causes rubella. Mary was also told that her daughter will need to be vaccinated before Mary returns to work. Mary is not alone. Many parents face this issue. Therefore, it is important for Mary and all such parents to make decisions that are best for their children, based on facts and not emotions. Place yourself in the role of a health care worker, submit to the discussion area your plan to validate the importance of vaccination by addressing the following questions:
Why are vaccinations necessary components of the healthcare programs?
Are there reasons for people not being vaccinated despite of such elaborate healthcare programs? Explain.
What are the consequences of people not being vaccinated?
What is the impact of religious, cultural, legal, and ethical issues that parents need to consider before vaccination?
What type of information will help the parents make an informed decision about vaccinating their children?
As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
Your initial posting should be addressed at 150-300 words. Be sure to cite your sources using APA format.
.
Matthew Shepard Was Killed Due To His Sexual Orientation. Defend, Ch.docxtienboileau
Matthew Shepard Was Killed Due To His Sexual Orientation. Defend, Challenge, Or Qualify This Statement
qualify his death
thesis statement There is substantial evidence to support that Matt Shepard's death was because of his sexual orientation. However, there is also a growing body of evidence that suggest Matt's death was because of drug dealing and drug uses
have two supporting evidence paragraphy a nd site the source
Turn-it –in the report and checkyour work and make sure it will be Grammarly approved.
.
MBA 665 Final Project Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric .docxtienboileau
MBA 665 Final Project Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: The final project for this course is the creation of an impact of governmental action on a business paper. For Milestone Three you will submit the
Analysis section of your final project, which is Section II of the critical elements. Your analysis should include answers to all the questions in the Analysis section
on business environment, sustainability, internal resources, communication, company image, response, impact, and external resources.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Analysis: After submitting your overview, your boss is having second thoughts about bringing Jack Harris and his firm, Crisis Consulting, on board. Before
he makes his final decision he has asked you to provide him with a thorough analysis of the situation faced by your business. He asks you to prepare a
memorandum to him (the CEO) analyzing the situation that your business faces as well as the resources that are available to it. Address the following:
A. Business Environment: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, what will be the impact of the governmental
action or political challenge on the business’s financial situation and operations? Does the action represent an opportunity or a threat?
B. Sustainability: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, how will the governmental action or political challenge
impact the sustainability of the business?
C. Internal Resources: Evaluate the internal resources of the company, including the business project teams that are available to respond to the
opportunity or threat. In other words, is the business adequately organized to address the opportunity or threat?
D. Communication: How has information about the situation been communicated to various stakeholders? For example, have any public hearings
been held? Have the radio, newspapers, or social media been used?
E. Company Image: Assess how the situation has affected the company’s public image. Has the impact been primarily positive or negative? If the
impact has been primarily negative, what are the positive aspects in addition to the negative aspects? If the impact has been primarily positive,
what are the negative aspects in addition to the positive aspects?
F. Response: What are the potential courses of action to respond to the situation in the current macroeconomic and business environment? In
other words, what is the range of options for the business in this situation?
G. Impact: How will these courses of action impact the business? Make sure to consider both short- and long-term impacts, including operational,
financial, and ethical implications.
H. External Resources: Evaluate the roles and functions of third parties or external resources in the situation. Consider questions such as these in
your response: How will lobbyists be involved in the situation? .
max 200 words due in 2 hoursSummarize the article by parap.docxtienboileau
max 200 words
due in 2 hours
Summarize the article by paraphrasing the major points in it. Begin with the central idea and give an overview. Then describe the supporting points. As well, capture the development of the supporting points and show how the writer supports them. Be objective and avoid evaluative and judgmental statements in this section. (200 words maximum)
.
MBA 599 – Strategic Management Case Project This capsto.docxtienboileau
MBA 599 – Strategic Management Case Project
This capstone course requires each student to construct a detailed and well-thought-out analysis of a
business employing all the relevant strategic analysis tools studied in the course. This project will take the
full term to complete. It is our sincere hope that you will find this project to be the most rewarding effort in
your educational career.
Project Overview
This course is designed to help you develop strategic skills that can be used in management. The
process of strategic planning is an iterative cycle of research and analysis, ending with a series of choices
about what will be attempted and how it will be approached. The most tangible output is the strategic
planning document. The most important output is the increased understanding that the participants
acquire. Accordingly, the assessment of the final project will be heavily dependent on the quality of the
strategic thinking inside that polished report. Students that focus on the expeditious completion of the
steps may find that they have shortchanged the important and time-consuming exploration and thinking
that is necessary to create a quality strategic case. Since not all tools can tell the planner which factors
and alternatives are important to consider, the planner should pull in as much diverse information and
perspectives as possible. Additionally, you should put yourselves in the competitor’s shoes and consider
how the “game” will play out. Your homework and subsequent improvements are intended to become a
primary basis for the exploration and questioning that drives your strategic understanding and creative
ideas. In addition, it is important to test your strategic thinking and your use of analytical tools in
preparation for your final project.
Tips for Selecting an Organization
As you select an organization for your class project, it is important that you select one that is interesting,
possibly useful to you in your career, industry, or interests, and allows you to explore strategic challenges
in a meaningful way. If you select the industry in which you currently work, you must address two critical
issues: (1) integrating and clearly citing existing information. (You will need to delineate work you’ve
contributed as opposed to pre-existing information), and (2) succinctly presenting existing information
while adding new insight, analysis, and plans that substantially add to strategy development,
implementation, and/or assessment of the organization. An organization or industry you are interested in
should give you better access to information although you need to pay careful attention to the points
made above.
Do not underestimate the degree to which you will need to be an expert in the selected industry and
related areas. It is impossible to create a strategy without understanding the terms, technologies, market
changes, and so forth in great depth. A.
MBA 640 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric .docxtienboileau
MBA 640 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: The final project for this course is the creation of an external capital funding proposal.
Most businesses face a landscape of uncertainty and a never-ending stream of risks and opportunities. Managers must continually project the likely financial
impact of decisions, make recommendations, act on those decisions, determine how to pay for them, and evaluate the costs and effectiveness of what has been
done. Many decisions are short-term, routine, and operational. Others are longer-term investment decisions that require substantial new resources, such as
developing new services, expanding into new geographic markets, or undertaking business combinations or spin-offs. Each requires managers to forecast, plan,
and make decisions based on a thorough understanding of both internal and external factors that can affect a company’s financial success.
For the summative assessment in this course, you will bring your finance and economics knowledge to bear by preparing an external capital funding proposal for
a major international investment at a publicly traded corporation. In order to secure the support of potential financial backers, your proposal will need to lay out
what the proposed investment opportunity is, how it fits within the company’s broader mission and goals, its financial impact, and the amount being requested
and why (including alternative funding mechanisms considered). In addition, it will also need to include information on the organization’s context, risk factors,
and microeconomic assumptions that could affect the success of the investment.
Prompt: Submit a paper that addresses critical element IV, Risks, of the final project. Discuss any risks that might affect the success of the project and how you
have planned for those contingencies.
Note: The risks (and opportunities) you identify should demonstrate your understanding of the company you selected, the industry, the investment project you
are proposing, and your project’s country and timing. Your estimates of financial impacts will be only preliminary; you will most likely revise them in your final
submission at the end of Module Nine.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
Section IV Risks:
1. Internal. What are the company’s most significant internal risks and opportunities related to the project? How might they affect your financial estimates
and how will you address them? Support your response with specific examples.
2. External. How will you address significant qualitative risks outside the company that might affect project success? Give specific examples. For example,
how might culture or politics in the target country affect the proposed investment’s financial success? Natural disasters? How have you planned for
these risks?
3. Microeconomic. Assess the microeconomic factors that might affect decisions about the proposed investment. .
Mary and Elmer’s fifth child, Melvin, was born 6 weeks prematurely a.docxtienboileau
Mary and Elmer’s fifth child, Melvin, was born 6 weeks prematurely and is 1-month old. Sarah, age 13, Martin, age 12, and Wayne, age 8, attend the Amish elementary school located 1 mile from their home. Lucille, age 4, is staying with Mary’s sister and her family for a week because baby Melvin has been having respiratory problems, and their physician told the family he will need to be hospitalized if he does not get better within 2 days.
Choose two or three areas of prenatal care that you would want to discuss with Mary, and then write brief notes about what you know and/or need to learn about Amish values to discuss perinatal care in a way that is culturally congruent.
Discuss three Amish values, beliefs, or practices to consider when preparing to do prenatal education classes with Amish patients.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company create.docxtienboileau
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company created for the IFSM 300 Case Study.
MTC Case Study 11/23/2019 Ver. 1 1
Maryland Technology Consultants, Inc.
Maryland Technology Consultants (MTC) is a successful Information Technology consulting firm
that utilizes proven IT and management methodologies to achieve measurable results for its
customers. Its customer base includes small to mid-tier businesses, non-profit organizations
and governmental agencies at the local, state and federal levels. MTC feels strongly that its
success is dependent on the combination of the talent of its IT consultants in the areas of,
Business Process Consulting, IT Consulting and IT Outsourcing Consulting and their ability to
deliver truly extraordinary results to their clients.
Corporate Profile
Corporate Name: Maryland Technology Consultants, Inc.
Founded: May 2008
Headquarters: Baltimore, Maryland
Satellite Locations: Herndon, Virginia; Bethesda, Maryland
Number of Employees: 450
Total Annual Gross Revenue: $95,000,000
President and
Chief Executive Officer (CEO): Samuel Johnson
Business Areas
MTC provides consulting services in the following areas:
• Business Process Consulting - Business process redesign, process improvement, and best
practices
• IT Consulting - IT strategy, analysis, planning, system development, implementation, and
network support
• IT Outsourcing Consulting – Requirements analysis; vendor evaluation, due diligence,
selection and performance management; Service Level Agreements
Business Strategy
MTC's business strategy is to provide extraordinary consulting services and recommendations
to its customers by employing highly skilled consultants and staying abreast of new business
concepts and technology and/or developing new business concepts and best practices of its
own.
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company created for the IFSM 300 Case Study.
MTC Case Study 11/23/2019 Ver. 1 2
Excerpt from the MTC Strategic Business Plan
While the complete strategic plan touches on many areas, below is an excerpt from MTC’s
latest Strategic Business Plan that identifies a few of MTC's Goals.
Goal 1: Increase MTC Business Development by winning new contracts in the areas of IT
consulting.
Goal 2: Build a cadre of consultants internationally to provide remote research and analysis
support to MTC’s onsite teams in the U. S.
Goal 3: Continue to increase MTC’s ability to quickly provide high quality consultants to
awarded contracts to best serve the clients’ needs.
Goal 4: Increase MTC’s competitive advantage in the IT consulting marketplace by increasing its
reputation for having IT consultants who are highly skilled in leading edge technologies and
innovative solutions for its clients.
Current Business Environment
MTC provides consultants on-site to work with its cli.
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human BeingsFOR THE THEORY CRI.docxtienboileau
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
FOR THE THEORY CRITIQUE of Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
SUGGESTION: Get article/s which are CRITIQUES of the THEORY ASSIGNED TO YOU
CRITERIA
UNITS OF ANALYSIS
CRITIQUE ARTICLE NO. 1
(Author of Critique)
CRITIQUE ARTICLE NO. 2
(Author of Critique)
MY VIEWPOINT
(3.1) Relationship between
structure and function
(3.1.1) Clarity
(3.1.2) Consistency
(3.1.3) Simplicity / Complexity
(3.1.4) Tautology / Teleology
(3.2) Diagram of Theory
(3.2.1) Visual and Graphic Presentation
(3.2.2) Logical Representation
(3.2.3) Clarity
(3.3) Circle of Contagiousness
(3.3.1) Graphical origin of theory and geographical spread
(3.3.2) Influence of theorist versus theory
(4) Usefulness
(4.1) Practice
(4.1.1) Direction
(4.1.2) Applicability
(4.1.3) Generalizability
(4.1.4) Cost Effectiveness
(4.1.5) Relevance
(4.2) Research
(4.2.1) Consistency
(4.2.2) Testability
(4.2.3)
Predictability
(4.3) Education
(4.3.1) Philosophical Statement
(4.3.2) Objectives
(4.3.3) Concepts
(4.4) Administration
(4.4.1) Structure of Care
(4.4.2) Organization of Care
(4.4.3) Guidelines for Patient Care
(4.4.4) Patient Classification System
(5) External Components of Theory
(5.1) Personal Values
(5.1.1) Theorist implicit/explicit values
(5.2) Congruence with other professional values
(5.2.1) Comlementarity
(5.2.2) Esoterism
(5.2.3)
Competition
(5.3) Congruence with social values
(5.3.1) Beliefs
(5.3.2) Values
(5.3.3) Customs
(5.4) Social Significance
ISM 645 Mission, Vision, and Time Horizon Statement (MVTH)
Worksheet
The following information is provided to assist you in writing the Mission, Vision, and Time Horizon
Statements.
Writing the Mission Statement – Comparisons
The mission statement describes the purpose of the organization and the reason the business or business
unit exists. You will be creating an IT mission statement for the Acme Company. Review the article,
“Mission Statements.” Then, based on what you have learned, evaluate the mission statements of the
following service companies:
• Microsoft®
“At Microsoft, our mission and values are to help people and businesses throughout the
world realize their full potential.”
• Apple®
“Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork
and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes
online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App
store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad.”
In your evaluation, consider the positive aspects as well as the shortfalls of the statements. Do your own
additional research on these companies and consider whether the company’s strategic approach aligns
with its mission statement.
Writing the Vision Statement – Comparisons
The vision statement describes the business o.
Materials for Your Works Cited PagesNOTE When you are writing.docxtienboileau
Materials for Your Works Cited Pages
NOTE:
When you are writing your papers for this class, you will notice that some of the versions of the primary texts that I have posted do not have any publication information. This is because I like to present the works to you in a consistent Word format. However, when you write your papers, you will be required to provide a works cited page in proper MLA format. So below you will find pre-made entries that you can cut and paste into the works cited page at the end of your papers. Of course, for any additional material you use, you will have to create the citations yourself.
If you are writing about Dante:
Alighieri, Dante.
The Inferno. Dante On Line
. Societa Dantesca Italiana, n.d. Web. 09 May 2016.
If you are writing about Antigone:
Johnston, Ian, trans.
Sophocles’
Antigone.
442 B.C. n.p. Johnstonia Web. May 2005. Web. 9
May 2016.
If you are writing about The Code of Hammurabi:
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Code of Hammurabi, C. 1780 BCE." Internet History Sourcebooks. n.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
If you are writing about: Deuteronomy:
Deuteronomy.
New International Version
. Bible Gateway. Web. 5 May 2016.
If you are writing about “The Lottery”:
Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.”
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama
. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Diana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 298-300. Print.
If you are writing about “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas”:
Le, Guin U. K. “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.”
The Wind's Twelve Quarters: Short Stories
. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. Print.
If you are writing about the Trial of Susanna Martin:
Mather, Cotton.
The Wonders of the Invisible World
. 1693. London: John Russell Smith, 1862.
Project Gutenberg
. Web. 9 May 2016.
If you are writing about
12 Angry Men
:
12 Angry Men
. Dir. Sidney Lumet. Perf. Henry Fonda and Lee J. Cobb. MGM Entertainment, 2001.
Berkeley College Digital Campus
. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “A Jury of Her Peers”:
Glaspell, Susan. "A Jury of Her Peers."
A Jury of Her Peers
. Provincetown: n.p., 1916. 1-16.
Interactives
. Literature. Web. 21 Mar. 2017.
If you are writing about “In a Grove”:
Akutagawa, Ryunosuke. "In a Grove." 1922.
Feedbooks
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “The Lynching of Jube Benson”:
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. “The Lynching of Jube Benson.”
The Heart of Happy Hollow
. 1904.
Lit2Go.
N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire”:
Doyle, Arthur Conan. “The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire.” 1924.
The Complete Sherlock Holmes Canon
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “They Can Only Hang You Once”:
Hammett, Dashiell. “They Can Only Hang You Once.” 1932.
E-Reading Club
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “An Unbelievable Story of Rape”:
Miller, T. Christian and Armstrong, Ken. “An Unbelievable Story of Rape”
P.
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MAT308Chapter 10 Test (75 Points)Show You Work!(1) The mean .docxtienboileau
MAT308
Chapter 10 Test (75 Points)
Show You Work!
(1) The mean number of hours of sleep for adults in the population of the U.S. is 6.8. A researcher believes that the mean number of hours that college students get per night is significantly different from adults in the population. The mean number of hours of sleep in a sample of 25 college students is 7.1 hours. The standard deviation of this sample is 0.87. Does the data provide support for the researcher's prediction? α level: 0.05
(15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(2) Is the percentage of Creamery customers who prefer chocolate ice cream over vanilla less than 80%? In a sample of 50 customers 60% preferred chocolate over vanilla. α level: 0.05 (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(3) A manufacturer finds that baseballs dropped 24 ft. onto a concrete surface are supposed to bounce an average of 93 in. The manufacturer of the balls has moved to a new facility, and there is concern that the balls are different. One hundred balls were sampled and it was found that the average of the bounce height was 92.232 with a standard deviation of 1.56. . α level: 0.05 (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(4) The mean Verbal SAT score for the population of all first students at Radford is 520. The standard deviation of scores in this population is 95. An investigator believes that the mean Verbal SAT of first year psychology majors is significantly different from the mean score of population. The mean of a sample of 36 first year psychology majors is 540. Please test the investigator's prediction using an alpha level of 0.05. (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
(5) First graders in the state of Virginia get an average score of 20 on a reading test (higher score reflect higher levels of performance). A teacher is using a new method to teach reading. She predicts that by the end of the first grade, students getting her new method will have significantly higher scores on reading than those in the population. The mean of the 25 students in her class is 23.2 and the standard deviation of the students in the class is 4.7. Use an alpha level of 0.05. (15 Points)
Ho:
Ha:
Level of Significance:
Test Statistic:
P-Value:
Decision Reject or Fail to Reject:
Conclusion:
Two Part assignment requiring articulate, professionally written content, that is non repetitive? Plagiarism sensitive. Please use MLA format and must cite all resources and references.
Part One - Following the works Cited listed below of scholarly articles regarding The play “The Homecoming”, by Harold Pinter create10 pages of competent, utilizing those listed or others of schol.
Masters level forum Compare and contrast what President Woodrow .docxtienboileau
Masters level forum
Compare and contrast what President Woodrow Wilson and Frank Goodnow said about politics and public administration. Discuss and critique their writings and analyze the politics-administration dichotomy, whether the dichotomy is real or ideal, and how they impacted public administration today.
3 citations
500 word minimum
lesson attached
.
Martin Wolf MARCH 24 2020 The coronavirus seeks only t.docxtienboileau
Martin Wolf MARCH 24 2020
The coronavirus seeks only to replicate. We seek to halt that replication. Unlike the virus, humans make
choices. This pandemic will pass into history. But the way in which it passes will shape the world it leaves
behind. It is the first such pandemic for a century. And it comes to a world that — unlike in 1918, when
the Spanish flu hit — has been at peace and enjoys unprecedented wealth. We should be able to
manage it well. If we do not do so, this will be a turning point for the worse. Making the right decisions
requires that we understand the options and their moral implications. We now confront two
fundamental sets of choices: within our countries and across borders. In high-income countries, the
biggest choice is how aggressively to halt transmission of the virus. But we also need to decide who will
bear the costs of that choice and how. Some continue to argue that it is wrong to force the economy
into a depression to suppress transmission of the virus. This, they suggest, will cause unnecessary
disruption. If, instead, the virus is left to spread relatively freely, we can achieve “herd immunity”,
sustain the economy and still focus resources on the vulnerable. Yet it is not clear that the economy
would fare better under this relatively laissez faire “mitigation” policy than under one of determined
“suppression”. Long before government-imposed lockdowns, many people stopped travelling or going
to restaurants, cinemas or shops. Decisive action to suppress the virus and follow up with testing and
tracking of new infections could well end the inevitable economic slump even sooner than otherwise.
What seems quite certain is the global health system would fare much better under suppression than
mitigation. Under the latter, argues the Imperial College Covid-19 Response Team, the health systems of
the UK and US would be overwhelmed: large numbers of predominantly old people would be left to die
untreated. It was presumably to prevent this from happening across China that the government
suppressed the virus so fiercely in Hubei. Could a health calamity that is unacceptable in China be
acceptable in the UK or US? Yet the critics are also right: it will be impossible to close large parts of our
economies for very long. If suppression is to be tried, it must be successful quickly and resurgence of the
virus must be throttled. Meanwhile, central banks and governments must seek to keep as much of the
economy going as possible, preserve as much productive capacity intact as possible and ensure that the
people, above all the vulnerable, are generously protected in whatever way a country finds practical.
The solidarity between countries needs to be as strong as within them. The financial instability and
looming recession (probably depression) we see coming will inflict huge harm on emerging and
developing countries. The IMF states that investors have already removed $83.
Mass movementChoose oneA. happens only when the slope .docxtienboileau
Mass movement
Choose one:
A. happens only when the slope of a hill gets steeper than the angle of repose.
B. can't happen underwater because the buoyancy force of water is too great.
C. is a gravity-driven downslope movement of natural materials.
D. is more likely to happen under dry conditions than under wet conditions.
Which of the following processes most logically explains the different tilts of gravestones in a hillside cemetery?
Choose one:
A. slump
B. creep
C. mudflow
D. liquefaction
Avalanches
Choose one:
A. are slow mass-movement events.
B. never happen twice in the same place; therefore, the pathway an avalanche creates is a safe place to build.
C. always contain snow and/or ice.
D. can be triggered by explosions, people, or even just new snow.
Solifluction
Choose one:
A. is a kind of creep that is found in high-elevation regions or in the Arctic on slopes that are underlain by permafrost.
B. is the proper term for alternate expanding and contracting of swelling clays.
C. means that the level of the water table fluctuates with precipitation.
D. is a faster-than-usual kind of slump in wetlands.
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. The angle of repose is the steepest angle at which unconsolidated sediments can sit without slipping downhill.
B. The head scarp of a slump is found at the base of the slump block.
C. Lahars are mudflows that have been triggered by earthquake shaking.
D. Slow movement of unconsolidated material downslope is called a turbidity current.
Which of the following is a suitable method of managing snow avalanches?
Choose one:
A. increasing the slope's load by planting vegetation on the cornice of mountain slopes
B. expansive water drainage systems
C. targeted, controlled explosions
D. allowing skiers to use only avalanche chutes (regions where avalanches will not occur)
Identify the true statement.
Choose one:
A. Weathering does not affect the stability of a slope.
B. Vegetation is heavy, and therefore deforesting an area can help keep slopes stable.
C. Forest fires followed by heavy rains are likely to result in severe mud and debris flows.
D. Saturating a slope with water tends to hold unconsolidated grains together and thus helps stabilize slopes.
Consider the following eight phrases:
1. careful inventory and mapping to determine dangers
2. weathering of minerals to produce clay
3. controlled blasting of unstable slopes
4. controlled water drainage
5. retaining walls along highway embankments
6. spraying shotcrete on road cuts
7. removing support at the toe of the slope
8. adding weight at the top of the slope
Which of these are factors that lead to mass movement?
Choose one:
A. choices 3 and 8 only
B. choices 2, 7, and 8
C. choices 1, 2, and 4
D. choices 2, 4, 7, and 8
Watch the
Submarine Slide
portion of the
Slides
topic of the animation. How can a submarine slide at the edge of a continental shelf create a tsunami?
Choose .
Marys one year old daughter is due to be given the Measles, Mum.docxtienboileau
Mary's one year old daughter is due to be given the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine during her next visit to the doctor. Mary is upset and concerned because one of her friend's sons became ill after a similar vaccination. She has also heard rumors that MMR vaccine causes rubella. Mary was also told that her daughter will need to be vaccinated before Mary returns to work. Mary is not alone. Many parents face this issue. Therefore, it is important for Mary and all such parents to make decisions that are best for their children, based on facts and not emotions. Place yourself in the role of a health care worker, submit to the discussion area your plan to validate the importance of vaccination by addressing the following questions:
Why are vaccinations necessary components of the healthcare programs?
Are there reasons for people not being vaccinated despite of such elaborate healthcare programs? Explain.
What are the consequences of people not being vaccinated?
What is the impact of religious, cultural, legal, and ethical issues that parents need to consider before vaccination?
What type of information will help the parents make an informed decision about vaccinating their children?
As in all assignments, cite your sources in your work and provide references for the citations in APA format.
Your initial posting should be addressed at 150-300 words. Be sure to cite your sources using APA format.
.
Matthew Shepard Was Killed Due To His Sexual Orientation. Defend, Ch.docxtienboileau
Matthew Shepard Was Killed Due To His Sexual Orientation. Defend, Challenge, Or Qualify This Statement
qualify his death
thesis statement There is substantial evidence to support that Matt Shepard's death was because of his sexual orientation. However, there is also a growing body of evidence that suggest Matt's death was because of drug dealing and drug uses
have two supporting evidence paragraphy a nd site the source
Turn-it –in the report and checkyour work and make sure it will be Grammarly approved.
.
MBA 665 Final Project Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric .docxtienboileau
MBA 665 Final Project Milestone Three Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: The final project for this course is the creation of an impact of governmental action on a business paper. For Milestone Three you will submit the
Analysis section of your final project, which is Section II of the critical elements. Your analysis should include answers to all the questions in the Analysis section
on business environment, sustainability, internal resources, communication, company image, response, impact, and external resources.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
I. Analysis: After submitting your overview, your boss is having second thoughts about bringing Jack Harris and his firm, Crisis Consulting, on board. Before
he makes his final decision he has asked you to provide him with a thorough analysis of the situation faced by your business. He asks you to prepare a
memorandum to him (the CEO) analyzing the situation that your business faces as well as the resources that are available to it. Address the following:
A. Business Environment: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, what will be the impact of the governmental
action or political challenge on the business’s financial situation and operations? Does the action represent an opportunity or a threat?
B. Sustainability: Based on your analysis of the governmental action or political challenge, how will the governmental action or political challenge
impact the sustainability of the business?
C. Internal Resources: Evaluate the internal resources of the company, including the business project teams that are available to respond to the
opportunity or threat. In other words, is the business adequately organized to address the opportunity or threat?
D. Communication: How has information about the situation been communicated to various stakeholders? For example, have any public hearings
been held? Have the radio, newspapers, or social media been used?
E. Company Image: Assess how the situation has affected the company’s public image. Has the impact been primarily positive or negative? If the
impact has been primarily negative, what are the positive aspects in addition to the negative aspects? If the impact has been primarily positive,
what are the negative aspects in addition to the positive aspects?
F. Response: What are the potential courses of action to respond to the situation in the current macroeconomic and business environment? In
other words, what is the range of options for the business in this situation?
G. Impact: How will these courses of action impact the business? Make sure to consider both short- and long-term impacts, including operational,
financial, and ethical implications.
H. External Resources: Evaluate the roles and functions of third parties or external resources in the situation. Consider questions such as these in
your response: How will lobbyists be involved in the situation? .
max 200 words due in 2 hoursSummarize the article by parap.docxtienboileau
max 200 words
due in 2 hours
Summarize the article by paraphrasing the major points in it. Begin with the central idea and give an overview. Then describe the supporting points. As well, capture the development of the supporting points and show how the writer supports them. Be objective and avoid evaluative and judgmental statements in this section. (200 words maximum)
.
MBA 599 – Strategic Management Case Project This capsto.docxtienboileau
MBA 599 – Strategic Management Case Project
This capstone course requires each student to construct a detailed and well-thought-out analysis of a
business employing all the relevant strategic analysis tools studied in the course. This project will take the
full term to complete. It is our sincere hope that you will find this project to be the most rewarding effort in
your educational career.
Project Overview
This course is designed to help you develop strategic skills that can be used in management. The
process of strategic planning is an iterative cycle of research and analysis, ending with a series of choices
about what will be attempted and how it will be approached. The most tangible output is the strategic
planning document. The most important output is the increased understanding that the participants
acquire. Accordingly, the assessment of the final project will be heavily dependent on the quality of the
strategic thinking inside that polished report. Students that focus on the expeditious completion of the
steps may find that they have shortchanged the important and time-consuming exploration and thinking
that is necessary to create a quality strategic case. Since not all tools can tell the planner which factors
and alternatives are important to consider, the planner should pull in as much diverse information and
perspectives as possible. Additionally, you should put yourselves in the competitor’s shoes and consider
how the “game” will play out. Your homework and subsequent improvements are intended to become a
primary basis for the exploration and questioning that drives your strategic understanding and creative
ideas. In addition, it is important to test your strategic thinking and your use of analytical tools in
preparation for your final project.
Tips for Selecting an Organization
As you select an organization for your class project, it is important that you select one that is interesting,
possibly useful to you in your career, industry, or interests, and allows you to explore strategic challenges
in a meaningful way. If you select the industry in which you currently work, you must address two critical
issues: (1) integrating and clearly citing existing information. (You will need to delineate work you’ve
contributed as opposed to pre-existing information), and (2) succinctly presenting existing information
while adding new insight, analysis, and plans that substantially add to strategy development,
implementation, and/or assessment of the organization. An organization or industry you are interested in
should give you better access to information although you need to pay careful attention to the points
made above.
Do not underestimate the degree to which you will need to be an expert in the selected industry and
related areas. It is impossible to create a strategy without understanding the terms, technologies, market
changes, and so forth in great depth. A.
MBA 640 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric .docxtienboileau
MBA 640 Final Project Milestone Two Guidelines and Rubric
Overview: The final project for this course is the creation of an external capital funding proposal.
Most businesses face a landscape of uncertainty and a never-ending stream of risks and opportunities. Managers must continually project the likely financial
impact of decisions, make recommendations, act on those decisions, determine how to pay for them, and evaluate the costs and effectiveness of what has been
done. Many decisions are short-term, routine, and operational. Others are longer-term investment decisions that require substantial new resources, such as
developing new services, expanding into new geographic markets, or undertaking business combinations or spin-offs. Each requires managers to forecast, plan,
and make decisions based on a thorough understanding of both internal and external factors that can affect a company’s financial success.
For the summative assessment in this course, you will bring your finance and economics knowledge to bear by preparing an external capital funding proposal for
a major international investment at a publicly traded corporation. In order to secure the support of potential financial backers, your proposal will need to lay out
what the proposed investment opportunity is, how it fits within the company’s broader mission and goals, its financial impact, and the amount being requested
and why (including alternative funding mechanisms considered). In addition, it will also need to include information on the organization’s context, risk factors,
and microeconomic assumptions that could affect the success of the investment.
Prompt: Submit a paper that addresses critical element IV, Risks, of the final project. Discuss any risks that might affect the success of the project and how you
have planned for those contingencies.
Note: The risks (and opportunities) you identify should demonstrate your understanding of the company you selected, the industry, the investment project you
are proposing, and your project’s country and timing. Your estimates of financial impacts will be only preliminary; you will most likely revise them in your final
submission at the end of Module Nine.
Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed:
Section IV Risks:
1. Internal. What are the company’s most significant internal risks and opportunities related to the project? How might they affect your financial estimates
and how will you address them? Support your response with specific examples.
2. External. How will you address significant qualitative risks outside the company that might affect project success? Give specific examples. For example,
how might culture or politics in the target country affect the proposed investment’s financial success? Natural disasters? How have you planned for
these risks?
3. Microeconomic. Assess the microeconomic factors that might affect decisions about the proposed investment. .
Mary and Elmer’s fifth child, Melvin, was born 6 weeks prematurely a.docxtienboileau
Mary and Elmer’s fifth child, Melvin, was born 6 weeks prematurely and is 1-month old. Sarah, age 13, Martin, age 12, and Wayne, age 8, attend the Amish elementary school located 1 mile from their home. Lucille, age 4, is staying with Mary’s sister and her family for a week because baby Melvin has been having respiratory problems, and their physician told the family he will need to be hospitalized if he does not get better within 2 days.
Choose two or three areas of prenatal care that you would want to discuss with Mary, and then write brief notes about what you know and/or need to learn about Amish values to discuss perinatal care in a way that is culturally congruent.
Discuss three Amish values, beliefs, or practices to consider when preparing to do prenatal education classes with Amish patients.
Submission Instructions:
Your initial post should be at least 500 words, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources.
.
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company create.docxtienboileau
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company created for the IFSM 300 Case Study.
MTC Case Study 11/23/2019 Ver. 1 1
Maryland Technology Consultants, Inc.
Maryland Technology Consultants (MTC) is a successful Information Technology consulting firm
that utilizes proven IT and management methodologies to achieve measurable results for its
customers. Its customer base includes small to mid-tier businesses, non-profit organizations
and governmental agencies at the local, state and federal levels. MTC feels strongly that its
success is dependent on the combination of the talent of its IT consultants in the areas of,
Business Process Consulting, IT Consulting and IT Outsourcing Consulting and their ability to
deliver truly extraordinary results to their clients.
Corporate Profile
Corporate Name: Maryland Technology Consultants, Inc.
Founded: May 2008
Headquarters: Baltimore, Maryland
Satellite Locations: Herndon, Virginia; Bethesda, Maryland
Number of Employees: 450
Total Annual Gross Revenue: $95,000,000
President and
Chief Executive Officer (CEO): Samuel Johnson
Business Areas
MTC provides consulting services in the following areas:
• Business Process Consulting - Business process redesign, process improvement, and best
practices
• IT Consulting - IT strategy, analysis, planning, system development, implementation, and
network support
• IT Outsourcing Consulting – Requirements analysis; vendor evaluation, due diligence,
selection and performance management; Service Level Agreements
Business Strategy
MTC's business strategy is to provide extraordinary consulting services and recommendations
to its customers by employing highly skilled consultants and staying abreast of new business
concepts and technology and/or developing new business concepts and best practices of its
own.
Maryland Technology Consultants is a fictitious company created for the IFSM 300 Case Study.
MTC Case Study 11/23/2019 Ver. 1 2
Excerpt from the MTC Strategic Business Plan
While the complete strategic plan touches on many areas, below is an excerpt from MTC’s
latest Strategic Business Plan that identifies a few of MTC's Goals.
Goal 1: Increase MTC Business Development by winning new contracts in the areas of IT
consulting.
Goal 2: Build a cadre of consultants internationally to provide remote research and analysis
support to MTC’s onsite teams in the U. S.
Goal 3: Continue to increase MTC’s ability to quickly provide high quality consultants to
awarded contracts to best serve the clients’ needs.
Goal 4: Increase MTC’s competitive advantage in the IT consulting marketplace by increasing its
reputation for having IT consultants who are highly skilled in leading edge technologies and
innovative solutions for its clients.
Current Business Environment
MTC provides consultants on-site to work with its cli.
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human BeingsFOR THE THEORY CRI.docxtienboileau
Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
FOR THE THEORY CRITIQUE of Martha Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings
SUGGESTION: Get article/s which are CRITIQUES of the THEORY ASSIGNED TO YOU
CRITERIA
UNITS OF ANALYSIS
CRITIQUE ARTICLE NO. 1
(Author of Critique)
CRITIQUE ARTICLE NO. 2
(Author of Critique)
MY VIEWPOINT
(3.1) Relationship between
structure and function
(3.1.1) Clarity
(3.1.2) Consistency
(3.1.3) Simplicity / Complexity
(3.1.4) Tautology / Teleology
(3.2) Diagram of Theory
(3.2.1) Visual and Graphic Presentation
(3.2.2) Logical Representation
(3.2.3) Clarity
(3.3) Circle of Contagiousness
(3.3.1) Graphical origin of theory and geographical spread
(3.3.2) Influence of theorist versus theory
(4) Usefulness
(4.1) Practice
(4.1.1) Direction
(4.1.2) Applicability
(4.1.3) Generalizability
(4.1.4) Cost Effectiveness
(4.1.5) Relevance
(4.2) Research
(4.2.1) Consistency
(4.2.2) Testability
(4.2.3)
Predictability
(4.3) Education
(4.3.1) Philosophical Statement
(4.3.2) Objectives
(4.3.3) Concepts
(4.4) Administration
(4.4.1) Structure of Care
(4.4.2) Organization of Care
(4.4.3) Guidelines for Patient Care
(4.4.4) Patient Classification System
(5) External Components of Theory
(5.1) Personal Values
(5.1.1) Theorist implicit/explicit values
(5.2) Congruence with other professional values
(5.2.1) Comlementarity
(5.2.2) Esoterism
(5.2.3)
Competition
(5.3) Congruence with social values
(5.3.1) Beliefs
(5.3.2) Values
(5.3.3) Customs
(5.4) Social Significance
ISM 645 Mission, Vision, and Time Horizon Statement (MVTH)
Worksheet
The following information is provided to assist you in writing the Mission, Vision, and Time Horizon
Statements.
Writing the Mission Statement – Comparisons
The mission statement describes the purpose of the organization and the reason the business or business
unit exists. You will be creating an IT mission statement for the Acme Company. Review the article,
“Mission Statements.” Then, based on what you have learned, evaluate the mission statements of the
following service companies:
• Microsoft®
“At Microsoft, our mission and values are to help people and businesses throughout the
world realize their full potential.”
• Apple®
“Apple designs Macs, the best personal computers in the world, along with OS X, iLife, iWork
and professional software. Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes
online store. Apple has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App
store, and is defining the future of mobile media and computing devices with iPad.”
In your evaluation, consider the positive aspects as well as the shortfalls of the statements. Do your own
additional research on these companies and consider whether the company’s strategic approach aligns
with its mission statement.
Writing the Vision Statement – Comparisons
The vision statement describes the business o.
Materials for Your Works Cited PagesNOTE When you are writing.docxtienboileau
Materials for Your Works Cited Pages
NOTE:
When you are writing your papers for this class, you will notice that some of the versions of the primary texts that I have posted do not have any publication information. This is because I like to present the works to you in a consistent Word format. However, when you write your papers, you will be required to provide a works cited page in proper MLA format. So below you will find pre-made entries that you can cut and paste into the works cited page at the end of your papers. Of course, for any additional material you use, you will have to create the citations yourself.
If you are writing about Dante:
Alighieri, Dante.
The Inferno. Dante On Line
. Societa Dantesca Italiana, n.d. Web. 09 May 2016.
If you are writing about Antigone:
Johnston, Ian, trans.
Sophocles’
Antigone.
442 B.C. n.p. Johnstonia Web. May 2005. Web. 9
May 2016.
If you are writing about The Code of Hammurabi:
"Ancient History Sourcebook: Code of Hammurabi, C. 1780 BCE." Internet History Sourcebooks. n.p., n.d. Web. 16 May 2016.
If you are writing about: Deuteronomy:
Deuteronomy.
New International Version
. Bible Gateway. Web. 5 May 2016.
If you are writing about “The Lottery”:
Jackson, Shirley. “The Lottery.”
Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama
. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Diana Gioia. 6th ed. New York: Harper Collins, 1995. 298-300. Print.
If you are writing about “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas”:
Le, Guin U. K. “The Ones Who Walk Away From Omelas.”
The Wind's Twelve Quarters: Short Stories
. New York: Harper & Row, 1975. Print.
If you are writing about the Trial of Susanna Martin:
Mather, Cotton.
The Wonders of the Invisible World
. 1693. London: John Russell Smith, 1862.
Project Gutenberg
. Web. 9 May 2016.
If you are writing about
12 Angry Men
:
12 Angry Men
. Dir. Sidney Lumet. Perf. Henry Fonda and Lee J. Cobb. MGM Entertainment, 2001.
Berkeley College Digital Campus
. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “A Jury of Her Peers”:
Glaspell, Susan. "A Jury of Her Peers."
A Jury of Her Peers
. Provincetown: n.p., 1916. 1-16.
Interactives
. Literature. Web. 21 Mar. 2017.
If you are writing about “In a Grove”:
Akutagawa, Ryunosuke. "In a Grove." 1922.
Feedbooks
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “The Lynching of Jube Benson”:
Dunbar, Paul Laurence. “The Lynching of Jube Benson.”
The Heart of Happy Hollow
. 1904.
Lit2Go.
N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire”:
Doyle, Arthur Conan. “The Adventure of the Sussex Vampire.” 1924.
The Complete Sherlock Holmes Canon
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “They Can Only Hang You Once”:
Hammett, Dashiell. “They Can Only Hang You Once.” 1932.
E-Reading Club
. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2016.
If you are writing about “An Unbelievable Story of Rape”:
Miller, T. Christian and Armstrong, Ken. “An Unbelievable Story of Rape”
P.
MasubenPrivate equity firm can be very helpful for a company’s g.docxtienboileau
Masuben
Private equity firm can be very helpful for a company’s growth as its money helps in various restructuring of the company as large amounts of funding are invested in the company . It could be very helpful in developing companies' growth from grass root level. As optimum money is invested the production of goods will be more and retailers will get the product on time. Also as money is invested in advancement of technology the cost of production can be low so the retailers could make some more profit and manufacturers can make the product much quicker. As private equity holders are more concerned about their money they are actively involved in business to maximise the value. As the funding is major the return on investment will be huge which can be very helpful for manufacturers and retailers.(Piloto Sincerre, B., Sampaio, J., Famá, R., & Flores, E. S. 2019)
As every coin has two sides, sometimes private equity has its own downside. The biggest threat is to manufacturers as it can lose its ownership. As with private equity, more money is involved in business which leads to loss of a larger share of the business as private equity firms always take the larger majority stake of the business. As a private equity holder becomes actively involved in business, sometimes they overpower the management decision like hiring, business strategy, business decisions and other valuable management responsibilities. The main mission of equity holders is to generate revenue on their investment which might lead to unethical activities as larger money is involved. Also as production is increased there might be more pressure on retailers to sell the item as supply of goods will be more and demand is low.(BACON, N., WRIGHT, M., MEULEMAN, M., & SCHOLES, L. 2012) As larger money is involved the business can grow rapidly across the countries so to conclude private equity can help in growing business more.
2. Maheshwari
Private equity refers to capital that is not traded publicly. The acquisition of public manufacturing and retail firms, therefore, refers to privatization. Part of the entire firm is purchased by a high net worth individual or firm that aims at controlling it. This mostly involves buying the shares of the firm. This is mostly done by institutional investors such as pension funds and equity private firms (Chen, et al., 2020). This kind of acquisition has several effects on the firm. Some of these effects are outlined below.
a)
Huge amounts of funding
The process of private equity acquisition provides firms with a lot of capital that can transform their operations if properly budgeted for and utilized.
b)
Investor Involvement
As a result of the huge amounts of money invested by the institutional investors into the firms, they are actively involved in the operations of the firm to ensure maximization of value as opposed to other options of funding which allow for limited involvement by the lenders.
c)
Higher Retu.
MATH 114Discussion Board Forum 2 PromptPlease also pay close a.docxtienboileau
MATH 114
Discussion Board Forum 2 Prompt
Please also pay close attention to any additional specifications provided by your professor. Professors often will clarify their expectations regarding the format and presentation of your submission.
Topic – Causes of Death in 1980 and 2016
According to the 1980 Census, the United States population was approximately 226,540,000 in 1980. It grew to approximately 323,120,000 at the beginning of 2016. Using Census data for 1980 and estimates derived from mortality data for 2016, we arrive at the population estimates given in the table below:
Year
Total Population
Ages 15–24
Ages 25–44
Ages 45–64
1980
226,540,000
42,475,000
62,707,000
44,497,000
2016
323,120,000
43,500,000
85,150,000
84,300,000
The National Center for Health Statistics published a document entitled “Health, United States, 2015: With Special Feature on Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities” that includes a table listing the leading causes of death in 1980 by age bracket. The CDC further produced a National Vital Statistics Reports that provided similar information for the year 2016. Under the Project Instructions link in Blackboard, you’ll find Discussion Board Forum 2: Data, a spreadsheet showing the leading causes of death in both 1980 and 2016 for these 3 age categories. Each of the first 3 questions has both a computational part and a discussion part. To get full credit for each of the discussion parts, please cite a reference to support your claims. This should not be an excessively difficult task: you can easily find information online for most of the illnesses or other causes listed in the report. All you need to do is provide the website you used (though other resources are also permitted if you prefer to use one of those).
1. Assuming that the population numbers in the above table are relatively accurate, use the Discussion Board Forum 2: Data spreadsheet to compute the deaths per 1000 people for each age group in both 1980 and 2016. Deaths per 1000 people is computed using the formula Deaths per 1000 = (# of deaths) / (total population) Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number, provide at least 2 decimal places (but no more than 4). Give these 6 values (e.g. deaths per 1000 people for ages 15–24 in 1980) and then cite a reference to discuss what might account for the changes between the deaths per 1000 in 1 of these 3 age categories between 1980 and 2016. Your discussion should be at least 40 words.
2. Besides the changes in the overall death rate in the past 3 decades, the leading causes of death vary somewhat between 1980 and 2016. Choose 1 of the 3 age ranges and select 1 cause of death from the Discussion Board Forum 2: Data spreadsheet that strikes you as noteworthy and that appears in both the 1980 and 2016 lists. For the cause of death that you selected, compute the number of deaths per 1000 in both 1980 and 2016 for your chosen age group. Do not round your answer to the nearest whole number,.
MaterialsGeology.com (httpsgeology.comrocks) as .docxtienboileau
Materials:
Geology.com (
https://geology.com/rocks/
) as a reference.
Rock pictures available in in the Google folder “Pictures for Rocks Lab”
Part 1 - Igneous Rocks
1. The texture of igneous rock is typically described as phaneritic, aphanitic, glassy, or vesicular. Briefly
describe
what each of these textures means, and how it relates to the
rate of cooling
to form the rock.
Texture
Description
Rate of Cooling
Phaneritic
Aphanitic
Glassy
Vesicular
2. Using the website and your lecture notes, state the texture for each of the following rocks.
Rock
Texture
Gabbro
Rhyolite
Obsidian
Andesite
Pumice
Granite
Basalt
Diorite
3. The composition of igneous rock is typically described as felsic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic. The composition of the igneous rock is determined by the minerals that are in the magma or lava that forms the rock. State the type of color that is found in igneous rocks of each type of composition. (Choose from
light, dark, dark greenish, and in between light and dark.
)
Composition
Color
Felsic
Intermediate
Mafic
Ultramafic
4. Using the website and your notes, state the composition (felsic, intermediate, mafic, ultramafic) for each of the following rocks.
Rock
Composition
Gabbro
Rhyolite
Obsidian
Andesite
Pumice
Granite
Basalt
Diorite
5. Complete the following table to identify the pictures of igneous rocks.
Texture:
phaneritic, aphanitic, glassy, or vesicular
Composition:
felsic, intermediate, mafic, or ultramafic
Igneous Rock Name:
Basalt, granite, etc.
Number
Texture
Composition
Igneous Rock Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Part 2 - Sedimentary Rocks
1. Sedimentary rocks are classified by the materials that most directly make up the rock. Briefly describe the three basic types of composition for sedimentary rocks.
Composition
Description
Clastic
Chemical
Organic
2. Using the website and your lecture notes, state the composition of each of the following types of rocks.
Rock
Composition
Sandstone
Coquina
Shale
Bituminous coal
Limestone
Conglomerate
3. Carbonate minerals, such as calcite (CaCO3) will undergo a chemical reaction with HCl to create CO2, which is a gas at room temperature. Therefore, when HCl is applied to these minerals, they will bubble or fizz. Considering which carbonates we have discussed, and which sedimentary rocks are made of these minerals, complete the chart below with which rocks you would expect to produce bubbles when you apply HCl.
Rock
Produce bubbling when HCl is applied?
Sandstone
Coquina
Shale
Bituminous coal
Limestone
Conglomerate
4. Complete the following table to identify the pictures of sedimentary rocks.
Composition:
clastic, chemical, or organic
Mineral Composition
(
for chemical sedimentary rocks only!
): state dominante mineral present
Reaction with HCl:
if reaction with HCl is expected, based on chemical composition
Sedimentary Rock Name:
sandstone, bituminous coal, e.
Master75.18473.416-216.822-62.774-98.972229103.995-200225121
Preference
Fresca
Crush
Dr Pepper
Coke
Pepsi
Intense Carbonation
Refreshing
Adrenline Rush
Unpopular
7-Up
Sierra Mist
Red Bull
Mountain Dew
Not Healthy
High Caffeine
Energy Boost
Fruity
Classy
Good Reputation
Sweet
Original Flavor
Tastes Bad
Hard to Find
Bold Packages
Sheet1cocacola129.23775.184pepsi170.07973.416fresca-185-216.822sierramist36.859-62.7747-up47.399-98.972Adrenaline Rush-225229Red Bull-45103.995crush-120-200mountaindew-35225drpepper115121
Preference Line
Preference Line75.18473.416-216.822-62.774-98.972229103.995-200225121
Preference
Fresca
Crush
Dr Pepper
Coke
Pepsi
Adrenline Rush
7-Up
Sierra Mist
Red Bull
Mountain Dew
Competitive Clusters
Competitive Clusters75.18473.416-216.822-62.774-98.972229103.995-200225121
Fresca
Crush
Dr Pepper
Coke
Pepsi
Adrenline Rush
7-Up
Sierra Mist
Red Bull
Mountain Dew
Sheet2
Human Resource Information Management Model based on
Blockchain Technology
Xin Wang
School of Traffic and Transportation Management
Dalian Maritime University
Dalian, P. R. China
Libo Feng*, Hui Zhang
Digital Society & Blockchain Laboratory,
School of Computer Science and Engineering,
Beihang University
Beijing, P. R. China
Chan Lyu,
Assistant Professor, School of Business,
Macau University of Science and Technology
Macau, P. R. China
Li Wang Yue You
School of Economics and Management
Beihang University
Beijing, P. R. China
Abstract
The authenticity of human resource
information has become an important factor that
affects the cost and efficiency of human resource
management. With the rapid development of
mobile devices and Internet technology, various
human resource risks caused by information
asymmetry constantly bring economic loss, and
even a fatal blow, to enterprises. Based on
Blockchain(BC), this paper aims to combine
traditional encryption technology with Internet-
distributed technology, to establish a human
resource information management model that
reduces the risk of authenticity of human resource
information. This model aims to solve the lack of
discrimination of the authenticity of human
resource information, and to provide authentic and
effective decision support information to the
human resource management of an organization.
The operation method, such as Bitcoin, is used to
certify the human resource documentations, as
well as to bind the information and the
documentation. Furthermore, human resource
information is recorded in an accounting book
based on BC technology; thus, modifying and
validating may be difficult in the entire net work.
Consensus mechanism, smart contract, accounting,
and payment functions of BC can provide the basic
support for human resource information
management. Moreover, decentralization of the
protection mechanism can be achieved to achieve
low cost and high efficiency of information transfer,
and to ensure a.
MarketingModes of CommunicationHierarchy of Effect.docxtienboileau
Marketing
:
Modes of Communication
:
Hierarchy of Effects Model
:
Communication Objectives
:
Advertising Objectives
:
Advertising Campaign
:
Media Selection
:
Reach
:
Frequency
:
Impact
:
Make sure yo include citation after each definition. and also include references
.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Masaccio, Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 1426-27.docx
1. Masaccio, Trinity, Santa Maria Novella, Florence, 1426-27
Often credited with being the first painting employing
scientific, single-point perspective—discovered by Brunelleschi
only a few years earlier—looks like actual space that recedes—
at center of fresco we see Holy Trinity—body of Christ, dove,
and God the Father—head of dove looks down at Christ—
incredible rendering of human body—pulled, tortured, affected
by gravity—what happens to muscles of body—evokes
sympathy (hollow of abdomen), bleeding—deep
—on left Mary points
towards Christ, holds out hand (way to salvation)—on right St.
John—donors on lower level—at bottom exposed tomb—
inscription reads ‘As I am now, so you shall be. As you are
now, so once was I.’—memento mori—imminence of death—
reminder of death, prepare now for salvation—eternal life in
Heaven—innovation of new perspective—specific viewpoint for
viewer—architecture based on ancient Greek and Roman
architecture—Masaccio shows off—not simple tile floor—
modeling to show dimension, sculptural relief—proportional
accuracy of the bodies—culture of trade in Florence—buy/sell,
fractions, space volumes, analytic and rational culture
Hieronymus Bosch, The Garden of Earthly Delights, c. 1500
2. Investigation of the
Ferguson Police Department
United States Department of Justice
Civil Rights Division
March 4, 2015
i
TABLE OF CONTENTS
I. REPORT SUMMARY
...............................................................................................
......... 1
II. BACKGROUND
...............................................................................................
................... 6
III. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT EFFORTS ARE
FOCUSED ON
GENERATING REVENUE
...............................................................................................
3. 9
IV. FERGUSON LAW ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES
VIOLATE THE LAW AND
UNDERMINE COMMUNITY TRUST, ESPECIALLY AMONG
AFRICAN
AMERICANS
...............................................................................................
..................... 15
A. Ferguson’s Police Practices
............................................................................................
15
1. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Unconstitutional Stops and
Arrests in Violation
of the Fourth Amendment
..................................................................................... 16
2. FPD Engages in a Pattern of First Amendment Violations
.................................. 24
3. FPD Engages in a Pattern of Excessive Force in Violation of
the Fourth
Amendment
...............................................................................................
............ 28
B. Ferguson’s Municipal Court Practices
........................................................................... 42
1. Court Practices Impose Substantial and Unnecessary Barriers
to the
Challenge or Resolution of Municipal Code Violations
....................................... 43
2. The Court Imposes Unduly Harsh Penalties for Missed
Payments or
4. Appearances
...............................................................................................
........... 54
C. Ferguson Law Enforcement Practices Disproportionately
Harm Ferguson’s
African-American Residents and Are Driven in Part by Racial
Bias ............................ 62
1. Ferguson’s Law Enforcement Actions Impose a Disparate
Impact on African
Americans that Violates Federal Law
................................................................... 63
2. Ferguson’s Law Enforcement Practices Are Motivated in Part
by
Discriminatory Intent in Violation of the Fourteenth
Amendment and Other
Federal Laws
...............................................................................................
.......... 70
D. Ferguson Law Enforcement Practices Erode Community
Trust, Especially Among
Ferguson’s African-American Residents, and Make Policing
Less Effective, More
Difficult, and Less Safe
...............................................................................................
... 79
1. Ferguson’s Unlawful Police and Court Practices Have Led to
Distrust and
Resentment Among Many in Ferguson
................................................................ 79
2. FPD’s Exercise of Discretion, Even When Lawful, Often
5. Undermines
Community Trust and Public Safety
..................................................................... 81
3. FPD’s Failure to Respond to Complaints of Officer
Misconduct Further
Erodes Community Trust
...................................................................................... 82
4. FPD’s Lack of Community Engagement Increases the
Likelihood of
Discriminatory Policing and Damages Public Trust
............................................. 86
ii
5. Ferguson’s Lack of a Diverse Police Force Further
Undermines Community
Trust
...............................................................................................
....................... 88
V. CHANGES NECESSARY TO REMEDY FERGUSON’S
UNLAWFUL LAW
ENFORCEMENT PRACTICES AND REPAIR COMMUNITY
TRUST ................. 90
VI. CONCLUSION
...............................................................................................
................. 102
6. 1
I. REPORT SUMMARY
The Civil Rights Division of the United States Department of
Justice opened its
investigation of the Ferguson Police Department (“FPD”) on
September 4, 2014. This
investigation was initiated under the pattern-or-practice
provision of the Violent Crime Control
and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, 42 U.S.C. § 14141, the
Omnibus Crime Control and Safe
Streets Act of 1968, 42 U.S.C. § 3789d (“Safe Streets Act”),
and Title VI of the Civil Rights Act
of 1964, 42 U.S.C. § 2000d (“Title VI”). This investigation has
revealed a pattern or practice of
unlawful conduct within the Ferguson Police Department that
violates the First, Fourth, and
Fourteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, and
federal statutory law.
Over the course of the investigation, we interviewed City
officials, including City
Manager John Shaw, Mayor James Knowles, Chief of Police
Thomas Jackson, Municipal Judge
Ronald Brockmeyer, the Municipal Court Clerk, Ferguson’s
Finance Director, half of FPD’s
sworn officers, and others. We spent, collectively,
approximately 100 person-days onsite in
Ferguson. We participated in ride-alongs with on-duty officers,
reviewed over 35,000 pages of
7. police records as well as thousands of emails and other
electronic materials provided by the
police department. Enlisting the assistance of statistical
experts, we analyzed FPD’s data on
stops, searches, citations, and arrests, as well as data collected
by the municipal court. We
observed four separate sessions of Ferguson Municipal Court,
interviewing dozens of people
charged with local offenses, and we reviewed third-party studies
regarding municipal court
practices in Ferguson and St. Louis County more broadly. As in
all of our investigations, we
sought to engage the local community, conducting hundreds of
in-person and telephone
interviews of individuals who reside in Ferguson or who have
had interactions with the police
department. We contacted ten neighborhood associations and
met with each group that
responded to us, as well as several other community groups and
advocacy organizations.
Throughout the investigation, we relied on two police chiefs
who accompanied us to Ferguson
and who themselves interviewed City and police officials, spoke
with community members, and
reviewed FPD policies and incident reports.
We thank the City officials and the rank-and-file officers who
have cooperated with this
investigation and provided us with insights into the operation of
the police department, including
the municipal court. Notwithstanding our findings about
Ferguson’s approach to law
enforcement and the policing culture it creates, we found many
Ferguson police officers and
8. other City employees to be dedicated public servants striving
each day to perform their duties
lawfully and with respect for all members of the Ferguson
community. The importance of their
often-selfless work cannot be overstated.
We are also grateful to the many members of the Ferguson
community who have met
with us to share their experiences. It became clear during our
many conversations with Ferguson
residents from throughout the City that many residents, black
and white, genuinely embrace
Ferguson’s diversity and want to reemerge from the events of
recent months a truly inclusive,
united community. This Report is intended to strengthen those
efforts by recognizing the harms
caused by Ferguson’s law enforcement practices so that those
harms can be better understood
and overcome.
2
Ferguson’s law enforcement practices are shaped by the City’s
focus on revenue rather
9. than by public safety needs. This emphasis on revenue has
compromised the institutional
character of Ferguson’s police department, contributing to a
pattern of unconstitutional policing,
and has also shaped its municipal court, leading to procedures
that raise due process concerns
and inflict unnecessary harm on members of the Ferguson
community. Further, Ferguson’s
police and municipal court practices both reflect and exacerbate
existing racial bias, including
racial stereotypes. Ferguson’s own data establish clear racial
disparities that adversely impact
African Americans. The evidence shows that discriminatory
intent is part of the reason for these
disparities. Over time, Ferguson’s police and municipal court
practices have sown deep mistrust
between parts of the community and the police department,
undermining law enforcement
legitimacy among African Americans in particular.
Focus on Generating Revenue
The City budgets for sizeable increases in municipal fines and
fees each year, exhorts
police and court staff to deliver those revenue increases, and
closely monitors whether those
increases are achieved. City officials routinely urge Chief
Jackson to generate more revenue
through enforcement. In March 2010, for instance, the City
Finance Director wrote to Chief
Jackson that “unless ticket writing ramps up significantly before
the end of the year, it will be
hard to significantly raise collections next year. . . . Given that
we are looking at a substantial
sales tax shortfall, it’s not an insignificant issue.” Similarly, in
March 2013, the Finance
10. Director wrote to the City Manager: “Court fees are anticipated
to rise about 7.5%. I did ask the
Chief if he thought the PD could deliver 10% increase. He
indicated they could try.” The
importance of focusing on revenue generation is communicated
to FPD officers. Ferguson
police officers from all ranks told us that revenue generation is
stressed heavily within the police
department, and that the message comes from City leadership.
The evidence we reviewed
supports this perception.
Police Practices
The City’s emphasis on revenue generation has a profound
effect on FPD’s approach to
law enforcement. Patrol assignments and schedules are geared
toward aggressive enforcement
of Ferguson’s municipal code, with insufficient thought given to
whether enforcement strategies
promote public safety or unnecessarily undermine community
trust and cooperation. Officer
evaluations and promotions depend to an inordinate degree on
“productivity,” meaning the
number of citations issued. Partly as a consequence of City and
FPD priorities, many officers
appear to see some residents, especially those who live in
Ferguson’s predominantly African-
American neighborhoods, less as constituents to be protected
than as potential offenders and
sources of revenue.
This culture within FPD influences officer activities in all
areas of policing, beyond just
ticketing. Officers expect and demand compliance even when
they lack legal authority. They
11. are inclined to interpret the exercise of free-speech rights as
unlawful disobedience, innocent
movements as physical threats, indications of mental or physical
illness as belligerence. Police
supervisors and leadership do too little to ensure that officers
act in accordance with law and
policy, and rarely respond meaningfully to civilian complaints
of officer misconduct. The result
is a pattern of stops without reasonable suspicion and arrests
without probable cause in violation
of the Fourth Amendment; infringement on free expression, as
well as retaliation for protected
3
expression, in violation of the First Amendment; and excessive
force in violation of the Fourth
Amendment.
12. Even relatively routine misconduct by Ferguson police officers
can have significant
consequences for the people whose rights are violated. For
example, in the summer of 2012, a
32-year-old African-American man sat in his car cooling off
after playing basketball in a
Ferguson public park. An officer pulled up behind the man’s
car, blocking him in, and
demanded the man’s Social Security number and identification.
Without any cause, the officer
accused the man of being a pedophile, referring to the presence
of children in the park, and
ordered the man out of his car for a pat-down, although the
officer had no reason to believe the
man was armed. The officer also asked to search the man’s car.
The man objected, citing his
constitutional rights. In response, the officer arrested the man,
reportedly at gunpoint, charging
him with eight violations of Ferguson’s municipal code. One
charge, Making a False
Declaration, was for initially providing the short form of his
first name (e.g., “Mike” instead of
“Michael”), and an address which, although legitimate, was
different from the one on his driver’s
license. Another charge was for not wearing a seat belt, even
though he was seated in a parked
car. The officer also charged the man both with having an
expired operator’s license, and with
having no operator’s license in his possession. The man told us
that, because of these charges,
he lost his job as a contractor with the federal government that
he had held for years.
Municipal Court Practices
13. Ferguson has allowed its focus on revenue generation to
fundamentally compromise the
role of Ferguson’s municipal court. The municipal court does
not act as a neutral arbiter of the
law or a check on unlawful police conduct. Instead, the court
primarily uses its judicial authority
as the means to compel the payment of fines and fees that
advance the City’s financial interests.
This has led to court practices that violate the Fourteenth
Amendment’s due process and equal
protection requirements. The court’s practices also impose
unnecessary harm, overwhelmingly
on African-American individuals, and run counter to public
safety.
Most strikingly, the court issues municipal arrest warrants not
on the basis of public
safety needs, but rather as a routine response to missed court
appearances and required fine
payments. In 2013 alone, the court issued over 9,000 warrants
on cases stemming in large part
from minor violations such as parking infractions, traffic
tickets, or housing code violations. Jail
time would be considered far too harsh a penalty for the great
majority of these code violations,
yet Ferguson’s municipal court routinely issues warrants for
people to be arrested and
incarcerated for failing to timely pay related fines and fees.
Under state law, a failure to appear
in municipal court on a traffic charge involving a moving
violation also results in a license
suspension. Ferguson has made this penalty even more onerous
by only allowing the suspension
to be lifted after payment of an owed fine is made in full.
Further, until recently, Ferguson also
added charges, fines, and fees for each missed appearance and
14. payment. Many pending cases
still include such charges that were imposed before the court
recently eliminated them, making it
as difficult as before for people to resolve these cases.
The court imposes these severe penalties for missed
appearances and payments even as
several of the court’s practices create unnecessary barriers to
resolving a municipal violation.
The court often fails to provide clear and accurate information
regarding a person’s charges or
court obligations. And the court’s fine assessment procedures
do not adequately provide for a
defendant to seek a fine reduction on account of financial
incapacity or to seek alternatives to
4
15. payment such as community service. City and court officials
have adhered to these court
practices despite acknowledging their needlessly harmful
consequences. In August 2013, for
example, one City Councilmember wrote to the City Manager,
the Mayor, and other City
officials lamenting the lack of a community service option and
noted the benefits of such a
program, including that it would “keep those people that simply
don’t have the money to pay
their fines from constantly being arrested and going to jail, only
to be released and do it all over
again.”
Together, these court practices exacerbate the harm of
Ferguson’s unconstitutional police
practices. They impose a particular hardship upon Ferguson’s
most vulnerable residents,
especially upon those living in or near poverty. Minor offenses
can generate crippling debts,
result in jail time because of an inability to pay, and result in
the loss of a driver’s license,
employment, or housing.
We spoke, for example, with an African-American woman who
has a still-pending case
stemming from 2007, when, on a single occasion, she parked
her car illegally. She received two
citations and a $151 fine, plus fees. The woman, who
experienced financial difficulties and
periods of homelessness over several years, was charged with
seven Failure to Appear offenses
for missing court dates or fine payments on her parking tickets
between 2007 and 2010. For
each Failure to Appear, the court issued an arrest warrant and
imposed new fines and fees. From
16. 2007 to 2014, the woman was arrested twice, spent six days in
jail, and paid $550 to the court for
the events stemming from this single instance of illegal parking.
Court records show that she
twice attempted to make partial payments of $25 and $50, but
the court returned those payments,
refusing to accept anything less than payment in full. One of
those payments was later accepted,
but only after the court’s letter rejecting payment by money
order was returned as undeliverable.
This woman is now making regular payments on the fine. As of
December 2014, over seven
years later, despite initially owing a $151 fine and having
already paid $550, she still owed $541.
Racial Bias
Ferguson’s approach to law enforcement both reflects and
reinforces racial bias,
including stereotyping. The harms of Ferguson’s police and
court practices are borne
disproportionately by African Americans, and there is evidence
that this is due in part to
intentional discrimination on the basis of race.
Ferguson’s law enforcement practices overwhelmingly impact
African Americans. Data
collected by the Ferguson Police Department from 2012 to 2014
shows that African Americans
account for 85% of vehicle stops, 90% of citations, and 93% of
arrests made by FPD officers,
despite comprising only 67% of Ferguson’s population. African
Americans are more than twice
as likely as white drivers to be searched during vehicle stops
even after controlling for non-race
based variables such as the reason the vehicle stop was
17. initiated, but are found in possession of
contraband 26% less often than white drivers, suggesting
officers are impermissibly considering
race as a factor when determining whether to search. African
Americans are more likely to be
cited and arrested following a stop regardless of why the stop
was initiated and are more likely to
receive multiple citations during a single incident. From 2012
to 2014, FPD issued four or more
citations to African Americans on 73 occasions, but issued four
or more citations to non-African
Americans only twice. FPD appears to bring certain offenses
almost exclusively against African
Americans. For example, from 2011 to 2013, African
Americans accounted for 95% of Manner
of Walking in Roadway charges, and 94% of all Failure to
Comply charges. Notably, with
5
respect to speeding charges brought by FPD, the evidence shows
not only that African
Americans are represented at disproportionately high rates
overall, but also that the disparate
18. impact of FPD’s enforcement practices on African Americans is
48% larger when citations are
issued not on the basis of radar or laser, but by some other
method, such as the officer’s own
visual assessment.
These disparities are also present in FPD’s use of force.
Nearly 90% of documented
force used by FPD officers was used against African Americans.
In every canine bite incident
for which racial information is available, the person bitten was
African American.
Municipal court practices likewise cause disproportionate harm
to African Americans.
African Americans are 68% less likely than others to have their
cases dismissed by the court, and
are more likely to have their cases last longer and result in more
required court encounters.
African Americans are at least 50% more likely to have their
cases lead to an arrest warrant, and
accounted for 92% of cases in which an arrest warrant was
issued by the Ferguson Municipal
Court in 2013. Available data show that, of those actually
arrested by FPD only because of an
outstanding municipal warrant, 96% are African American.
Our investigation indicates that this disproportionate burden on
African Americans
cannot be explained by any difference in the rate at which
people of different races violate the
law. Rather, our investigation has revealed that these
disparities occur, at least in part, because
of unlawful bias against and stereotypes about African
Americans. We have found substantial
evidence of racial bias among police and court staff in
19. Ferguson. For example, we discovered
emails circulated by police supervisors and court staff that
stereotype racial minorities as
criminals, including one email that joked about an abortion by
an African-American woman
being a means of crime control.
City officials have frequently asserted that the harsh and
disparate results of Ferguson’s
law enforcement system do not indicate problems with police or
court practices, but instead
reflect a pervasive lack of “personal responsibility” among
“certain segments” of the community.
Our investigation has found that the practices about which area
residents have complained are in
fact unconstitutional and unduly harsh. But the City’s personal-
responsibility refrain is telling:
it reflects many of the same racial stereotypes found in the
emails between police and court
supervisors. This evidence of bias and stereotyping, together
with evidence that Ferguson has
long recognized but failed to correct the consistent racial
disparities caused by its police and
court practices, demonstrates that the discriminatory effects of
Ferguson’s conduct are driven at
least in part by discriminatory intent in violation of the
Fourteenth Amendment.
Community Distrust
Since the August 2014 shooting death of Michael Brown, the
lack of trust between the
Ferguson Police Department and a significant portion of
Ferguson’s residents, especially African
Americans, has become undeniable. The causes of this distrust
and division, however, have been
20. the subject of debate. Police and other City officials, as well as
some Ferguson residents, have
insisted to us that the public outcry is attributable to “outside
agitators” who do not reflect the
opinions of “real Ferguson residents.” That view is at odds
with the facts we have gathered
during our investigation. Our investigation has shown that
distrust of the Ferguson Police
Department is longstanding and largely attributable to
Ferguson’s approach to law enforcement.
This approach results in patterns of unnecessarily aggressive
and at times unlawful policing;
6
reinforces the harm of discriminatory stereotypes; discourages a
culture of accountability; and
neglects community engagement. In recent years, FPD has
moved away from the modest
community policing efforts it previously had implemented,
21. reducing opportunities for positive
police-community interactions, and losing the little familiarity
it had with some African-
American neighborhoods. The confluence of policing to raise
revenue and racial bias thus has
resulted in practices that not only violate the Constitution and
cause direct harm to the
individuals whose rights are violated, but also undermine
community trust, especially among
many African Americans. As a consequence of these practices,
law enforcement is seen as
illegitimate, and the partnerships necessary for public safety
are, in some areas, entirely absent.
Restoring trust in law enforcement will require recognition of
the harms caused by
Ferguson’s law enforcement practices, and diligent, committed
collaboration with the entire
Ferguson community. At the conclusion of this report, we have
broadly identified the changes
that are necessary for meaningful and sustainable reform.
These measures build upon a number
of other recommended changes we communicated verbally to
the Mayor, Police Chief, and City
Manager in September so that Ferguson could begin
immediately to address problems as we
identified them. As a result of those recommendations, the City
and police department have
already begun to make some changes to municipal court and
police practices. We commend City
officials for beginning to take steps to address some of the
concerns we have already raised.
Nonetheless, these changes are only a small part of the reform
necessary. Addressing the deeply
embedded constitutional deficiencies we found demands an
entire reorientation of law
22. enforcement in Ferguson. The City must replace revenue-driven
policing with a system
grounded in the principles of community policing and police
legitimacy, in which people are
equally protected and treated with compassion, regardless of
race.
II. BACKGROUND
The City of Ferguson is one of 89 municipalities in St. Louis
County, Missouri.1
According to United States Census Data from 2010, Ferguson is
home to roughly 21,000
residents.2 While Ferguson’s total population has stayed
relatively constant in recent decades,
Ferguson’s racial demographics have changed dramatically
during that time. In 1990, 74% of
Ferguson’s population was white, while 25% was black.3 By
2000, African Americans became
the new majority, making up 52% of the City’s population.4
According to the 2010 Census, the
black population in Ferguson has grown to 67%, whereas the
white population has decreased to
29%.5 According to the 2009-2013 American Community
Survey, 25% of the City’s population
lives below the federal poverty level.6
1 See 2012 Census of Governments, U.S. Census Bureau (Sept.
2013), available at
http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/COG/2012/ORG1
3.ST05P?slice=GEO~0400000US29 (last visited
Feb. 26, 2015).
2 See 2010 Census, U.S. Census Bureau (2010), available at
http://factfinder.census.gov/bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/10_SF1/QT
P3/1600000US2923986 (last visited Feb. 26, 2015).
23. 3 See 1990 Census of Population General Population
Characteristics Missouri, U.S. Census Bureau (Apr. 1992),
available at
ftp://ftp2.census.gov/library/publications/1992/dec/cp-1-27.pdf
(last visited Feb. 26, 2015).
4 See Race Alone or in Combination: 2000, U.S. Census
Bureau (2000), available at http://factfinder.census.gov/
bkmk/table/1.0/en/DEC/00_SF1/QTP5/1600000US2923986 (last
visited Feb. 26, 2015).
5 2010 Census, supra note 2.
6 See Poverty Status in the Past 12 Months 2009-2013
American Community Survey 5-Year Estimates, U.S. Census
Bureau (2014), available at
7
Residents of Ferguson elect a Mayor and six individuals to
serve on a City Council. The
City Council appoints a City Manager to an indefinite term,
subject to removal by a Council
vote. See Ferguson City Charter § 4.1. The City Manager
serves as chief executive and
administrative officer of the City of Ferguson, and is
24. responsible for all affairs of the City. The
City Manager directs and supervises all City departments,
including the Ferguson Police
Department.
The current Chief of Police, Thomas Jackson, has commanded
the police department
since he was appointed by the City Manager in 2010. The
department has a total of 54 sworn
officers divided among several divisions. The patrol division is
the largest division; 28 patrol
officers are supervised by four sergeants, two lieutenants, and a
captain. Each of the four patrol
squads has a canine officer. While all patrol officers engage in
traffic enforcement, FPD also has
a dedicated traffic officer responsible for collecting traffic stop
data required by the state of
Missouri. FPD has two School Resource Officers (“SROs”),
one who is assigned to the McCluer
South-Berkeley High School and one who is assigned to the
Ferguson Middle School. FPD has
a single officer assigned to be the “Community Resource
Officer,” who attends community
meetings, serves as FPD’s public relations liaison, and is
charged with collecting crime data.
FPD operates its own jail, which has ten individual cells and a
large holding cell. The jail is
staffed by three non-sworn correctional officers. Of the 54
sworn officers currently serving in
FPD, four are African American.
FPD officers are authorized to initiate charges—by issuing
citations or summonses, or by
making arrests—under both the municipal code and state law.
Ferguson’s municipal code
addresses nearly every aspect of civic life for those who live in
25. Ferguson, and regulates the
conduct of all who work, travel through, or otherwise visit the
City. In addition to mirroring
some non-felony state …
2
3
4
5
Police in America
6
Police in America
Steven G. Brandl
University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee
26. 7
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29. https://lccn.loc.gov/2016044463
Brief Contents
Preface
About the Author
PART I. FOUNDATIONS FOR THE STUDY OF THE POLICE
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Police in America
Chapter 2: The History of the Police in America
Chapter 3: The Characteristics and Structure of Police
Organizations
Chapter 4: The Role of the Police
PART II. POLICE WORK
Chapter 5: Police Recruitment, Selection, and Training
Chapter 6: Police Patrol
Chapter 7: Crime Detection and Investigation
Chapter 8: Police Discretion and Its Control
Chapter 9: The Law of Search, Seizure, and Self-Incrimination
PART III. THE HAZARDS OF POLICE WORK
Chapter 10: Health and Safety Issues in Police Work
Chapter 11: Police Use of Force
Chapter 12: Police Misconduct and Corruption
PART IV. POLICE STRATEGIES AND THE FUTURE OF THE
POLICE IN AMERICA
Chapter 13: Community and Problem-Oriented Policing
Chapter 14: Evidence-Based and Intelligence-Led Policing
Chapter 15: Terrorism, Technology, Accountability, and the
Future of American Policing
Appendix: The Bill of Rights, United States Constitution
Glossary
30. Endnotes
Index
10
Detailed Contents
Preface
About the Author
I. Foundations for the Study of the Police
Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Police in America
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Introduction
Police Spotlight: What It Takes to Be a Good Police Officer
A Question to Consider 1.1: Why Such Strong Feelings about
the Police?
The Challenge of Policing a Free Society
Police Accountability in a Free Society
A Question to Consider 1.2: Police Power and Crime Solving
The Controversies and Difficulties of Policing
The Police Are Expected to Prevent and Solve Crime
The Police Pay More Attention to Some Crimes, Some People,
and Some Areas than
Others
The Police Have Other Responsibilities
The Police Use Discretion in Dealing with People
The Police Have Authority to Use Force When Dealing with
Citizens
Measuring Good Policing Is Difficult
31. Technology on the Job: Police Body-Worn Cameras
The Media Do Not Necessarily Accurately Represent the Police
Good Policing: Higher Standards and Visibility
Research Spotlight: Media, Police Misconduct, and Attitudes
toward the Police
Ethics and Morals in Policing
Forms of Unethical Conduct
A Question of Ethics: What Police Actions Constitute Unethical
Police Conduct?
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 2: The History of the Police in America
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Introduction: Why Study the History of the Police?
Police Spotlight: Policing in the Early Days
The Pre-Police Era in America
11
Constables and the Watch
A Question to Consider 2.1: Reflections of the Watch in
Policing Today
Slave Patrols
A Question to Consider 2.2: The Historical Roots of Police-
Minority Conflict
The Sheriff
32. The First American Police Departments: The Political Era of
Policing
The Industrial Revolution and the Creation of Cities
The Abolishment of Slavery
A Question to Consider 2.3: Reflections of the Military in
Policing Today
The London Metropolitan Police Department as a Role Model
Diversity in the Political Era of Policing
The Role of the Police during the Political Era
A Question of Ethics: Changes in Ethical Standards
Criminal Investigations during the Political Era
Technology on the Job: The Police Baton
Early 1900s to 1960s: The Reform Era of Policing
Reform as Anti-Politics
The Creation of Federal and State Law Enforcement Agencies
Detectives as the Ultimate Professionals
Good Policing: The Ideas of August Vollmer and O. W. Wilson
A Question to Consider 2.4: The Underrepresentation of Racial
Minorities in Policing
The Reform Era and (Lack of) Diversity in Police Departments
Then the 1960s Happened
The 1970s to the Present: The Community Problem-Solving Era
of Policing
Community and Problem-Oriented Policing
Research Spotlight: The Conclusions of the National Academy
of Sciences
The Community Problem-Solving Era of Today and Beyond
33. • Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 3: The Characteristics and Structure of Police
Organizations
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Characteristics of Police Organizations
Police Spotlight: Local Control of Police Departments and the
Possibility of Unequal
Policing
Police Agencies as Bureaucracies
A Division of Labor
A Hierarchy of Authority
12
Rules
Impersonal Relationships
Selection and Promotion Based on Competence
The Drawbacks of Bureaucracy
Police Agencies as Quasi-Military Organizations
A Question of Ethics: The Quasi-Military Police and the War on
Crime
Police Agencies as Monopolies
Police Agencies as Street-Level Bureaucracies
The Challenges of Managing Police Organizations
34. The Management of Discretion
Street Cops versus Management Cops
Constant Resource Constraints and Demand for Services
Good Policing: Positive Police-Citizen Interactions
A Question to Consider 3.1: The Means and Ends of Policing
Ambiguous and Difficult-to-Achieve Goals
The Structure of Police Departments
Research Spotlight: Police Department Size and the
Representation of Female Officers
Technology on the Job: Police Department Size and Technology
The Structure of Three Police Departments of Different Sizes
Major Operating Units in Police Departments
Patrol
Traffic
Criminal Investigation
Tactical Enforcement
Youth or Juvenile Bureau
Communications
Internal Affairs
Crime Analysis
Types and Levels of Law Enforcement Agencies
Local Police
County Sheriff’s Departments
State Law Enforcement Agencies
Special Jurisdiction Law Enforcement Agencies
A Question to Consider 3.2: The Characteristics of Your
Campus Police Department
Federal Law Enforcement Agencies
• Main Points
35. • Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 4: The Role of the Police
13
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Enforcing the Law
Police Spotlight: Some of the Ridiculous Problems Police Are
Asked to Solve
Giving Meaning to the Law
Implementing the Law
The Controversy of Law Enforcement
Time Spent on Law Enforcement Activities
Controlling Crime
The Controversy of Crime Control
A Question of Ethics: Are Police Undercover Strategies Ethical?
Research Spotlight: The Value and Consequences of Pedestrian
Stops by the Police
The Difficulty of Crime Control
Police Lack Control over Conditions of Crime
Good Policing: The Difficulties of Measuring Crime Control
and Police Effectiveness
The Difficulties of Deterring Criminal Behavior
Research Spotlight: Morality, Deterrence, and Sexual Offending
36. Dealing with Situations Where Force May Need to Be Used
A Question to Consider 4.1: Does the Authority to Use Force
Really Make the Police
Unique?
Technology on the Job: The Continuum of Force, OC Spray, and
Tasers
Handling Time-Pressing Situations
Balancing Law Enforcement, Order Maintenance, and Public
Service
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
II. Police Work
Chapter 5: Police Recruitment, Selection, and Training
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: The Importance of Patrol Officers in Police
Organizations
The Relationship between the Recruitment, Selection, and
Training of Police Officers
Diversity Begins with Recruitment and Selection
A Question to Consider 5.1: The Value and Challenges of
Diversity in Police Departments
The Recruitment of Police Officers
A Question to Consider 5.2: Do You Want to Be a Police
Officer?
Motivations for Being a Police Officer
Recruitment Strategies and Plans
Job Benefits and Recruitment Efforts
37. 14
Salary
Other Benefits and Policies
Job Requirements and Selection Standards
The Selection of Police Officers
The Permanence of Selection Decisions
Equal Employment Opportunity (EEO) Laws and Diversity
Affirmative Action
A Question of Ethics: Hiring Decisions and Affirmative Action
Minimum Qualifications for Police Officers
Education
Criminal Record and Drug Use
Selection Procedures for Police Officers
Good Policing: Characteristics of an Ideal Police Officer
Written Tests
Oral Interview
Background Investigation
Medical Examination
Physical Fitness Examination
Psychological Examination
Assessment Center
The Outcomes of the Recruitment and Selection of Police
Officers: Diversity
The Representation of Women as Police Officers
The Representation of Racial Minorities as Police Officers
The Representation of Gay and Lesbian Police Officers
38. Police Officer Training
Academy Training
Field Training
Research Spotlight: Identifying Good Cops Early: Predicting
Recruit Performance in the
Academy
In-Service Training
Good Policing: Training for the De-escalation of Potentially
Violent Incidents
Technology on the Job: Use of Force Training Simulators
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Exhibit 5.3 Answers
Chapter 6: Police Patrol
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
15
Police Patrol and Call Priority
Police Spotlight: The Reemergence of Foot Patrol
A Question to Consider 6.1: The Value of Police Patrol
Allocation of Police Patrol
Call Priority
Technology on the Job: Mobile Data Computers (MDCs) and
Computer-Aided Dispatch
39. (CAD)
Managing Calls for Service
311
Differential Police Response (DPR)
Preventive Patrol
Outcomes of Preventive Patrol
Apprehension through Fast Police Response
Research Spotlight: Police Response Time and In-Progress
Burglaries
Crime Reduction through Deterrence: The Kansas City
Preventive Patrol Experiment
Hot Spot Policing
The Kansas City Hot Spot Patrol Experiment (KCHSPE)
Preventive Patrol versus Hot Spot Patrol
Other Issues Associated with Hot Spot Patrol
Police Crackdowns
Elements and Operation of a Crackdown
Police Stops of Citizens as a Strategy
A Question of Ethics: The Ethics of “Get Tough” Tactics
Traffic Stops
Stopping, Questioning, and Frisking
Good Policing: Anticipating the Unintended Consequences of
Police Strategies
One- and Two-Officer Squads
A Question to Consider 6.2: One-Officer versus Two-Officer
Squads
Foot Patrol
40. Research on Foot Patrol
Offender-Focused Strategies
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 7: Crime Detection and Investigation
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Criminal Investigation Defined
Police Spotlight: Cold Case and DNA
16
Types of Criminal Investigations
Reactive Investigations
Cold Case Investigations
Undercover Investigations
A Question of Ethics: Deception and Miranda Rights
Proof in Criminal Investigations
How Are Crimes Solved?
Forms and Types of Evidence in Criminal Investigations
Forms of Criminal Evidence
Types of Evidence Used to Solve Crimes
Physical Evidence, Biological Evidence, and DNA
Information from Witnesses and Victims
Research Spotlight: The Value of Forensic Evidence in Criminal
Investigations
41. Technology on the Job: CODIS
Good Policing: Guidelines for the Proper Collection of
Eyewitness Identifications
Information from Perpetrators: Interrogations and Confessions
A Question to Consider 7.1: Police Deception
Crime Scene Profiling
Information from the Public
Confidential Informants
Gang Intelligence
Crime Analysis
Electronic Databases and Information Networks
Computers and Other Electronic Devices
Social Networking and Other Internet Sites
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 8: Police Discretion and Its Control
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Discretion Defined
Police Spotlight: Ethics, Policy, and Discretion
Discretion about What?
The Anatomy of a Decision
Potential Problems with Police Discretion
The Necessity of Discretion
Factors That Influence the Discretion of Police Officers
Officer Characteristics
42. 17
Race and Other Suspect Characteristics
Research Spotlight: The Effects of Higher Education on Police
Behavior
A Question to Consider 8.1: Police Behavior and Higher
Education
Victim Characteristics
Offense Characteristics
Neighborhood Characteristics
Organizational Culture
Training, Supervision, and Standard Operating Procedures
(SOPs)
Legal Factors
Community and Political Factors
How Is Police Discretion Best Controlled?
Organizational Rules and Standard Operating Procedures
Enhancing Professional Judgment through the Selection of
Officers
Good Policing: The Importance of Passion and Perspective for
Police Officers
A Question to Consider 8.2: Personal Qualities of Police
Officers
Police Department Transparency
Technology on the Job: Police Body-Worn Cameras
Cultural Values and Ethical Standards of Conduct
A Question of Ethics: Law Enforcement Code of Ethics
A Question of Ethics: A Difficult Ethical Situation
• Main Points
43. • Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 9: The Law of Search, Seizure, and Self-Incrimination
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: Arizona v. Gant (2009)
Basic Legal Terminology and Concepts
Standards of Proof and Probable Cause
Arrest, Custody, Stops, and Encounters
Arrest Warrant
Search
Search Warrant
Chain of Custody
The Law of Search and Seizure: The Fourth Amendment
Technology on the Job: GPS and United States v. Jones (2013)
Reasonable Expectation of Privacy
A Question to Consider 9.1: The Value of Privacy
The Search Warrant and Its Exceptions
18
Exigent Circumstances
Vehicle Exception
Hot-Pursuit Exception
Other Places and Things Exception
Search Incident to Arrest Exception
Stop and Frisk Exception
Plain View Exception
44. Consent Search Exception
Good Policing: Legal Knock and Talk Searches
The Exclusionary Rule
The Impact of the Exclusionary Rule
A Question of Ethics: Necessary Means to Achieve the Desired
Ends?
The Law of Self-Incrimination: The Fifth and Sixth
Amendments
The Content and Waiver of Miranda Warnings
The Meaning of an Interrogation and Custody
The Implications of Silence
Exceptions to the Miranda Warnings
The Impact of Miranda v. Arizona on Suspect Confessions
Research Spotlight: Why People Waive Their Miranda Rights:
The Power of Innocence
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
III. The Hazards of Police Work
Chapter 10: Health and Safety Issues in Police Work
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: Combatting Post-Traumatic Stress in the
Tampa Police Department
What Is Stress?
How Is Stress Measured?
The Causes of Police Stress
45. Workplace Problems
Shift Work
Good Policing: Managing Shift Work
The Effects of Stress
A Question of Ethics: Nap Time?
Suicide
Burnout
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Research Spotlight: Job-Related Burnout among Civilian and
Sworn Police Personnel
19
Early Death
What Can Mediate the Effects of Stress?
Physical Hazards of Police Work
Deaths on the Job: Accidents and Homicides
A Question to Consider 10.1: Stress, Counseling, and the Police
Culture
Injuries on the Job: Accidents and Assaults
So Is Police Work Dangerous?
Risks of Police Work
Arresting Suspects and Using Force
Technology on the Job: Police Body Armor
Foot Pursuits
Vehicle Accidents and Vehicle Pursuits
46. • Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 11: Police Use of Force
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
Police Spotlight: Making Use of Force Incidents Transparent
Reasonable Force and Use of Force Guidelines
Variations and Limitations of the Continuum of Force
The Twenty-One-Foot Rule and Its Limitations
Deviations in Use of Force: Unnecessary Force versus Brutality
Types of Force
A Question to Consider 11.1: Unnecessary Force versus
Brutality
Bodily Force
Deadly Force
A Question of Ethics: The Value of Police Restraint in Deadly
Force Situations
Suicide by Cop
Force Less Likely to Be Lethal
Research Spotlight: The Frequency and Characteristics of
Suicide by Cop Incidents
Oleoresin Capsicum (OC) Spray
Technology on the Job: Police Robots
Tasers
Patterns in Police Use of Force: Causes and Control
47. Good Policing: Early Intervention Systems
Officer Characteristics and Use of Force
Officer Assignment, Arrests, and Use of Force
Police Culture
20
The Control of Police Use of Force
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 12: Police Misconduct and Corruption
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
The Importance of Understanding Police Misconduct and
Corruption
Police Spotlight: Denver’s Citizen/Police Complaint Mediation
Program
Police Corruption
A Question of Ethics: Corruption in the Form of Free Coffee?
Police Misconduct
Police Integrity
The Nature and Extent of Police Misconduct and Corruption
Self-Report Surveys
A Question of Ethics: How Wrong Are These Police Actions?
Citizen Complaints
Lawsuits against the Police
48. Media Reports
Decertification Statistics
Causes of Police Misconduct and Corruption
Job and Organizational Characteristics
Power, Authority, and Discretion
Low-Visibility Work Environment
The Code of Silence and the Police Culture
The Control of Police Misconduct and Corruption
Controlling Police Discretion and Authority
Cracking the Code of Silence
A Question to Consider 12.1: Have You Ever Reported the
Misconduct of Another
Student?
Rules and Policies
Good Policing: The Importance of Police Honesty
A Proper Citizen Complaint Process
Proper Investigations of Misconduct
Ethics Training
Decertification of Officers and the National Decertification
Index
Early Intervention Systems
Technology on the Job: GPS, Tracking Police Vehicles, and
Preventing Misconduct
Research Spotlight: Americans’ Perceptions of Police Honesty
and Ethics
21
49. • Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
IV. Police Strategies and the Future of the Police in America
Chapter 13: Community and Problem-Oriented Policing
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
The Rise of Community Policing
Police Spotlight: Problem-Oriented Policing in Chula Vista
A Question to Consider 13.1: Problem-Solving Efforts in Chula
Vista
Improve the Racial Composition of Police Departments
Community Relations Bureaus
Team Policing
Community Policing and Problem-Oriented Policing
Research Spotlight: Reassessing the Impact of Race on Citizens’
Attitudes toward the Police
Community Policing: The Details
Technology on the Job: Facebook, Twitter, and the Internet
A Question to Consider 13.2: How Should Police Departments
Use Social Networking
Sites Most Effectively?
A Theory of Community Policing: Broken Windows
The Relationship between Disorder, Crime, and the Police
The Relationship between Crime, the Fear of Crime, and the
Police
The Relationship between Citizens’ Attitudes toward the Police
and Other Outcomes
50. Can the Police Affect Citizens’ Attitudes toward the Police?
A Question of Ethics: How Involved Should the Police Be in
Citizens’ Lives?
Do Attitudes toward the Police Affect Coproduction?
Do Attitudes toward the Police Affect Law-Abiding Behaviors?
A Question to Consider 13.3: Why Obey the Law?
Overall Effectiveness of Community Policing
Good Policing: Verbal Judo and Procedural Justice
Problem-Oriented Policing: The Details
The SARA Model of Problem Solving
Overall Effectiveness of Problem-Oriented Policing
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 14: Evidence-Based and Intelligence-Led Policing
• Objectives
22
• Fact or Fiction
Smart Policing
Police Spotlight: Smart Policing in the Reno Police Department
A Question to Consider 14.1: Is Smart Policing New?
Good Policing: Smart Policing and Convenience Store Crime
Data-Driven and Evidence-Based Policing
51. Other Bases for Policy Decisions
Should Policy Decisions Be Based on Research Findings?
COMPSTAT
Predictive Policing
Crime Analysis
Geospatial Crime Analytics
Research Spotlight: Alcohol Outlets and Crime
A Question of Ethics: Balancing the Right to Know with the
Right to Privacy
The Impact of Geospatial Crime Analysis
Intelligence-Led Policing
Limitations of Intelligence-Led Policing
Technology on the Job: National Crime Information Center
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Chapter 15: Terrorism, Technology, Accountability, and the
Future of American Policing
• Objectives
• Fact or Fiction
History as a Guide to the Future
Crisis and Change in Police History
Police Spotlight: The Significance of September 11 for Law
Enforcement
New Demands on the Police
A Question of Ethics: Information at What Cost?
Definitions and Variations of Terrorism
52. Research Spotlight: Terrorists’ Tools and Targets
Terrorism
Technology
Accountability
A Question to Consider 15.1: Police and Progress
The New Police
Militarization
Good Policing: Militarization of Policing in Balance
The New Technology of Crime Detection and Accountability
23
The Technology of Accountability
The Technology of Identification
A Question to Consider 15.2: What’s So Great about Privacy?
The Technology of “Seeing”
Technologies for Computer and Internet Applications
Technologies for Information Management and Access
The Implications of Technology
• Main Points
• Important Terms
• Questions for Discussion and Review
• Fact or Fiction Answers
Appendix: The Bill of Rights, United States Constitution
Glossary
Endnotes
Index
53. 24
Preface
Police in America provides a realistic assessment of policing in
the United States. Policing is inherently
controversial, and police work is extraordinarily challenging.
There are higher expectations, greater scrutiny,
and more calls for accountability of the police in the twenty-
first century than ever before. In this environment
it is critically important that students have a well-developed
understanding of the complex role of police in our
society, an appreciation of the challenges of policing, and an
ability to differentiate fact from fiction in matters
relating to the police. Police in America provides this
understanding.
If an accurate understanding of the police in America is the
goal, then a discussion of the research that has
been conducted on policing is a primary means to reaching that
goal. Research findings can identify and dispel
the many myths, misconceptions, and false assumptions of
policing. Research also can also help identify best
practices in policing. An emphasis on research is also especially
important given the current trends toward
evidence-based policing. Police in America emphasizes police
research. This emphasis does not mean that the
text is complicated or difficult to read, however. In fact, the
opposite is true: The text is easy to read and
accessible to students. It is written in a straightforward and
conversational manner.
Police in America emphasizes positive aspects of policing but
does so without sugar-coating the controversies of
54. police work. The media tend to focus on negative incidents by
highlighting the bad or questionable conduct of
a few officers. Although there are certainly lessons to be
learned from such incidents, these images and stories
can provide an inaccurate overall picture of the police. The
reality is that exemplary police work is being
performed by police officers and law enforcement agencies
throughout the country. Police in America
highlights some of this work.
Police in America also examines several other themes, including
the following:
Ethical Policing: Because of the nature of the work and how the
decisions of officers may affect citizens
and the community, it is essential that students consider what
constitutes not only a legally good
decision but also a morally good one.
Critical Thinking: Students should be able to think critically
about the complex problems and issues
involved with policing.
The Impact of Technology: The technological tools of policing
have changed dramatically over the
years, and it is important to understand how technology has
fundamentally altered the nature of the
police job.
Diversity: To understand policing today, one must appreciate
the modern-day and historical roles of
race and diversity. Some of the most challenging issues of
policing today are at least partly based on race.
The contributions of police research, positive aspects of
policing, ethics, critical thinking, the role of
technology in police work, and diversity issues are emphasized
throughout Police in America. The text offers
several features in each chapter to help establish an accurate
55. understanding of the police in America:
25
Police Spotlight: These features introduce each chapter and
discuss a particular police policy, program,
or other issue that relates to the topic of that chapter.
Research Spotlight: These features highlight a particularly
interesting and significant research study
relevant to the topic of each chapter.
Good Policing: Each of these features includes an example of a
police program, policy, or issue that
relates to effective, efficient, equitable, or ethical policing.
A Question of Ethics: The questions presented in these features
relate to the topic of the chapter and
require students to think critically about that particular moral or
ethical issue.
A Question to Consider: Each of these features offers a question
related to the topic at hand for
students to consider, answer, and/or discuss.
Technology on the Job: These features highlight and examine a
particular technology used by the police
while on the job.
With regard to the unique content of Police in America and the
issues discussed in the book, especially
noteworthy are the separate chapters on police discretion and
ethics (Chapter 8), the law (Chapter 9), health
and safety issues in police work (Chapter 10), police use of
force (Chapter 11), crime detection and
investigation (Chapter 7), and intelligence-led and evidence-
based policing (Chapter 14). Each of these
chapters is extremely important in developing a solid
understanding of the police in America, and it is through
56. their inclusion, along with comprehensive and timely coverage
of other critical topics, that Police in America
clearly differentiates itself from other texts.
With regard to the overall content and organization of the text,
the first four chapters provide a foundation for
the study of the police (the history of the police, role and
function of the police, characteristics of police
organizations). The second section of the book includes five
chapters that examine the nature of police work
(police recruitment, selection, and training; police patrol,
criminal investigation, discretion and ethics, and the
law). The third section is devoted to the hazards of police work
and provides a discussion of health and safety
issues, police use of force, and police misconduct. The last
section includes three chapters on the most recent
strategies of policing (problem-oriented policing, evidence-
based policing) as well as a discussion of the future
of policing.
Police in America provides students with a …
Contemporary Policing
Take Home Assignment #3
Please read: Chapter 15 (pages 355-357) and watch: John Oliver
– Ferguson, MO and Police Militarization: Last Week Tonight
on YouTube.
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KUdHIatS36A&t=2s)
In this class, we have talked about many issues that this video
touches upon--- Community Policing, Homeland Policing,
Community-Police relations, Minorities and the Police and
Ferguson, MO itself, in our review of the DOJ’s Consent
Decree.
57. Using our past discussions, the textbook and other course
materials, please answer the following question:
How, if at all, does the militarization of the police help or
hamper with crime prevention and community-police
relationships?
- Write a 1-page (250-350 words) response to this question.
Responses are due on Friday, April 3rd at midnight (12am).
For complete marks:
· All answers must be in full and complete sentences
· Make sure that it is clear what questions are you are
answering.
· Put your name at the top of each page and within the title of
your document
i.e. “Professor_D’Souza_Assignment #1”
· Only Microsoft Word documents will be accepted.
· Google doc, pdfs etc., will not be opened.
· Ensure proper spelling and grammar.
· Font should be Times New Roman, 12pt and double-spaced.