Criminal Justice 101
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The document discusses the concept of "the criminal" and how it has emerged as a central figure that personifies new threats but also becomes productive for society. Around the criminal has grown demands on the state for better crime statistics and evaluations of the state's ability to handle crime. The criminal provides a portrait of society, either directly or indirectly. Discussions also emerge around figures like detectives, police, and vigilantes - how they are seen as restoring order or challenging state power and the operation of law under current social conditions.
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![The Criminal
The Criminal as a moral rule, a stimulus for social recovery, a
scapegoat.
“The figure of the “criminal” was now central. It personified a
new range of [rudimentary] threats, but it was also productive.
Around it grew up a new set of local demands on the state – the
call for better statistics tracking crime, for example, and the
tendency to evaluate the state’s capacity to govern according to
its ability to handle crime – to get the criminal justice system
working, to get infringement of law off the streets and into some
kind of formal process.” [2010:135]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
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John Sudarsky, Ed.D., Diana Marcela García, MA. Presentado al congreso Wapo, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015Assess the relationship between social class and crime
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Assess the relationship between social class and crime
Chambliss argues that crime occurs across all social classes, but the types of crimes and law enforcement differ. Those with wealth and power face less risk of arrest and prosecution for their crimes. Official crime statistics may misrepresent crime as a lower-class issue due to selective enforcement that favors the ruling class. Marxist theorists like Chambliss see crime as generated by the capitalist system through greed, self-interest, and hostility. Different social classes commit different crimes using the means available to their class position.
Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis.docx
Conflict theory and racial profiling: An empirical analysis
of police traffic stop data
Matthew Petrocellia, Alex R. Piquerob, Michael R. Smithc,*
aDepartment of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
bCenter for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, 201 Walker Hall, P.O. Box 115950,
Gainesville, FL 32611-5950, USA
cCriminal Justice Program, Washington State University, Spokane, 668 North Riverpoint Boulevard, Box B,
Spokane, WA 99202-1662, USA
Abstract
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia Police Department, this article applies conflict theory to police
traffic stop practices. In particular, it explores whether police traffic stop, search, and arrest practices differ
according to racial or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods. Three principal findings emanate from this
research. First, the total number of stops by Richmond police was determined solely by the crime rate of the
neighborhood. Second, the percentage of stops that resulted in a search was determined by the percentage of
Black population. Third, when examining the percentage of stops that ended in an arrest/summons, the analyses
suggest that both the percentage of Black population and the area crime rate served to decrease the percentage of
police stops that ended in an arrest/summons. Implications for conflict theory and police decision-making are
addressed.
D 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Conflict theory holds that law and the mecha-
nisms of its enforcement are used by dominant
groups in society to minimize threats to their interests
posed by those whom they label as dangerous,
especially minorities and the poor. Over the past
several years, racial profiling by police has become
an issue of national significance. In his first speech to
Congress on February 27, 2001, President Bush
addressed racial profiling and directed Attorney Gen-
eral John Ashcroft to develop a set of recommenda-
tions to end racial profiling by America’s police
forces. Although empirical data on racial profiling
is scarce (Government Accounting Office, 2000),
conflict theory suggests that police may indeed target
minorities when conducting traffic stops or field
interrogations.
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia
Police Department, this article tests the application of
conflict theory to police traffic stop practices. In
particular, it explores whether police traffic stop,
search, and arrest practices differ according to racial
or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods (e.g.,
Smith, 1986). Previous research on conflict theory
and the police used data from multiple cities or states
to examine differences in minority treatment by the
police at the macro level. This article extends the
current research by presenting a micro-level analysis
of police practices using census tract data from a
single city. It begins with a discussion of prior
.
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This document is a presentation on crime, media, and criminology presented by Avijit Sarker Subrata. It discusses how the media depicts crime and influences public perceptions of crime. It notes that the media focuses on violent crimes and stereotypical portrayals of criminals. Research shows the media selects stories based on unusual circumstances, dramatic elements, and involvement of famous people. The media dramatizes crime to sell news and most portrayals are of violent, interpersonal crimes, ignoring white-collar and corporate crimes. This shapes the public's understanding of crime more than personal experiences.
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interactions between formal and informal urban land management
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Political dynamics and social processes
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2) Process and content issues in constitution making are sometimes subordinate to wider political issues, and how well various players can mobilize public opinion influences how locally owned the process is seen.
3) While constitutionalism offers an alternative to violence, its impact varies in countries still facing democratic reversals and uncertainties. Institutional changes from constitutionalism take time to mature and are complex given each country's unique state-society relations.
Political dynamics and social processes
The document discusses several key principles of legitimate and inclusive constitution-making processes based on experiences in African countries. It finds that:
1) Legitimacy can be achieved by providing a legal mandate for constitution drafting and citizen input, and ensuring transparency and representation in the process. Countries like South Africa and Uganda established independent commissions to undertake these tasks.
2) Inclusivity is important to ensure input from all sectors of society, including marginalized groups. Countries made efforts to include women, rural communities, ethnic and religious minorities.
3) Empowering civil society to participate and educate citizens helps ensure a meaningful consultation process and lays the groundwork for a participatory democracy. Countries supported civil society's involvement
Comparing legal cultures - student copy, by Joxerramon Bengoetxea
Comparing legal cultures - student copy, by Joxerramon BengoetxeaInternational Institute for the Sociology of Law, Instituto Internacional de Sociología Jurídica, Oñate
The document provides an overview of topics to be covered in a course on comparing legal cultures over multiple days. Day one will introduce the concept of legal culture and compare examples from different countries. Main issues discussed include defining culture, comparing legal systems versus legal traditions, and approaches to understanding foreign legal cultures. Methods of comparing legal cultures and addressing legal pluralism are also covered.AFRICAN CUSTOMARY LAW SYSTEM
This document provides an introduction to a study of African customary law. It discusses how customary law can contribute to ongoing law reforms in Kenya and other African states. It is meant for those studying or working in customary law. The document notes that customary law must be studied in the context of modern socioeconomic changes, and that this does not mean returning to the past but improving laws for the future. It argues that customary law principles can help address contemporary legal issues and promote the rule of law and development in Africa. The study of customary law is still relevant and needed to craft laws that suit African societies.
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages and it has to be done by 12pm tomorrow what ever the price let me know because i need this done asap also do you remeber the assignment. The last paper is what you wrote for me can you use the same outline thatis in the last paper when you do it. We all hve to be in this as a group. Thank you and send me a handshake soon can you put an astract.
Differential and inequitable treatments that are encountered by racial and ethnic groups in policing, courts and corrections comes in various forms against mainly those of a specific/different race then that of their own, different religions, ethnicities and minorities, regardless of the type of hardship that an individual may encounter, prejudice of this sorts is a violation of human rights. There needs to be more training, education and understanding of those individuals that are singled out by society as well as the justice system, focusing more on the individual then the ethnic background of that individual, understandingly this could play a factor in some instances but not all. People have the right to be treated with respect and have the right to understand what is happening to them and why, we need more individuals that can act as an interpreter for those of the non-English speaking minorities, there is also a need for workers within the system that are aware of these cultures with knowledgeable backgrounds of the cultures history, this would make it easier for minorities to understand the procedures/charges and what is going on with them as associated to the circumstance (NCJRS, 1994).
Contemporary issues in cultural diversity, crime and justice, with all of the situations that have risen over the past years and currently pertaining to different type of racism, labeling, bias and prejudices we have a great need for extended training along with understanding within the cultural diversity field. Community relations that are effective as well as trusting are very important when it comes to proper policing and police-community relations. (NCJRS, 1993).
The history of Race, Ethnicity and Social Classism within the Criminal Justice System dates back hundreds of years but has changed over time from what was considered to be that of explicit racism to that of a more surreptitious manifestations and outcomes The treatment of minorities being the most profound civil rights crisis facing the United States of America in the new century (Leadership Conference (2017).
We are in a time where an individual are able to have more opportunities than that of earlier years having more individuals in positions of leadership/authority than ever before and along with that comes a chance for education and employment opportunities both being free of discrimination although by no means are we at a point within society that discrimination does not exist, this is a category in which individuals as well as society as a whole .
Rethinking Michel Foucault: The Political Circle of Parrhesia and Democracy
As part of SDN's seminar series, Professor Henrik Bang (University of Canberra) indicates perspectives on Michel Foucault that can inform our understanding of democracy.
Michel Foucault has become an exemplar in the disciplines of philosophy, sociology, history, linguistics and literary criticism. Ironically, he has never made much of an impact upon the political discipline, to which he first of all belongs, and in which he deserves a prominent position as one of the best political theorists and researchers of all time. In particular in his later strings of lectures from 1978 to 1984 he develops an empirical and normative approach to studying the political as governmentality.
Social capital, institutional trust and political accountability: The case fo...
Social capital, institutional trust and political accountability: The case fo...Corporación para el control social Colombia
Social capital, institutional trust and political accountability: The case for a mixed electoral system in Colombia
John Sudarsky, Ed.D., Diana Marcela García, MA. Social capital, institutional trust and political accountability: The case for a mixed electoral system in Colombia
John Sudarsky, Ed.D., Diana Marcela García, MA. Presentado al congreso Wapo, Buenos Aires, Argentina 2015Assess the relationship between social class and crime
This document discusses sociological theories on the relationship between social class and crime. It summarizes the theory of W.J. Chambliss and M. Mankoff that there is a systematic bias in favor of the ruling class in criminal justice systems, with those higher in social class being less likely to be arrested, prosecuted, convicted, and imprisoned for criminal acts. Chambliss argues specifically that power and ability to influence determine who gets arrested, and that organized crime is committed by the economic and political elite. Marxists like Chambliss see crime as a natural product of capitalism that generates greed and self-interest across all classes. The document also discusses theories that selective enforcement of laws serves to maintain ruling
Assess the relationship between social class and crime
Chambliss argues that crime occurs across all social classes, but the types of crimes and law enforcement differ. Those with wealth and power face less risk of arrest and prosecution for their crimes. Official crime statistics may misrepresent crime as a lower-class issue due to selective enforcement that favors the ruling class. Marxist theorists like Chambliss see crime as generated by the capitalist system through greed, self-interest, and hostility. Different social classes commit different crimes using the means available to their class position.
Conflict theory and racial profiling An empirical analysis.docx
Conflict theory and racial profiling: An empirical analysis
of police traffic stop data
Matthew Petrocellia, Alex R. Piquerob, Michael R. Smithc,*
aDepartment of Sociology and Criminal Justice, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, IL 62026, USA
bCenter for Studies in Criminology and Law, University of Florida, 201 Walker Hall, P.O. Box 115950,
Gainesville, FL 32611-5950, USA
cCriminal Justice Program, Washington State University, Spokane, 668 North Riverpoint Boulevard, Box B,
Spokane, WA 99202-1662, USA
Abstract
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia Police Department, this article applies conflict theory to police
traffic stop practices. In particular, it explores whether police traffic stop, search, and arrest practices differ
according to racial or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods. Three principal findings emanate from this
research. First, the total number of stops by Richmond police was determined solely by the crime rate of the
neighborhood. Second, the percentage of stops that resulted in a search was determined by the percentage of
Black population. Third, when examining the percentage of stops that ended in an arrest/summons, the analyses
suggest that both the percentage of Black population and the area crime rate served to decrease the percentage of
police stops that ended in an arrest/summons. Implications for conflict theory and police decision-making are
addressed.
D 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Introduction
Conflict theory holds that law and the mecha-
nisms of its enforcement are used by dominant
groups in society to minimize threats to their interests
posed by those whom they label as dangerous,
especially minorities and the poor. Over the past
several years, racial profiling by police has become
an issue of national significance. In his first speech to
Congress on February 27, 2001, President Bush
addressed racial profiling and directed Attorney Gen-
eral John Ashcroft to develop a set of recommenda-
tions to end racial profiling by America’s police
forces. Although empirical data on racial profiling
is scarce (Government Accounting Office, 2000),
conflict theory suggests that police may indeed target
minorities when conducting traffic stops or field
interrogations.
Using data collected by the Richmond, Virginia
Police Department, this article tests the application of
conflict theory to police traffic stop practices. In
particular, it explores whether police traffic stop,
search, and arrest practices differ according to racial
or socioeconomic factors among neighborhoods (e.g.,
Smith, 1986). Previous research on conflict theory
and the police used data from multiple cities or states
to examine differences in minority treatment by the
police at the macro level. This article extends the
current research by presenting a micro-level analysis
of police practices using census tract data from a
single city. It begins with a discussion of prior
.
Notes From An Afrikan P.O.W. Journal Book One
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The goal of this work is to address, from the conceptual framework of theories on “deliberative
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field of deliberation for making collective decisions.
In order to do this I will start by analyzing, from a legal-institutional perspective, the way in which the
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decide on the Public Thing. Furthermore, I will analyze which are the degrees of deliberation and of citizen
participation (direct or indirect) in each portion of the constituted power. Then, I will develop my intuition about
the way Justice operates as an institutional form of citizen participation within a Social State of Law, comparing
such proposal with the opinion of authors that highlight the countermajoritarian nature of the Judicial Power. I
will present some representative cases of the intervention of the Judicial Power in the making of
institutionalized public decisions, generated by the action of minorities with little or no political representation
and in which, after a deliberative practice, government measures that gave a positive response to the proposals
of the actors were ordered.
As an anticipation of my opinion, I will say that in our current Argentinian constitutional system there
is a paradox in which the Judicial Power (being, due to its origin, the least democratic of the powers) allows for
the development of procedural discursive practices, enabling the Public Decision Making to be the product of
the deliberation between parties (citizens and governments) on a level of equality and freedom of speech in
which arguments are exchanged in a rational way and in a previously regulated framework within a formalized
procedure.
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This essay discusses the concept of democracy and what it means. Democracy is defined as a system of government where power is held by the people through free and fair elections. It gives citizens the freedom to choose their political leaders and have a say in how their country is run. While democracy provides privileges, the essay notes the system is not perfect and the U.S. still faces challenges in fully realizing democratic ideals.
Living with/out Sovereignty
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This ppt is all about criminology and deviance and crime covers under that. Concepts , major thinkers and concepts related to deviance and crime.
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This document discusses several political systems and issues related to Spain and other countries. It begins by outlining Spain's current political and economic systems, noting that Spain has a well-based economic system aimed at equally spreading money. It then discusses Spain's economic issues and compares its economic issues to another country. The document also summarizes the political systems of ancient Rome and Greece, highlighting differences in their forms of government and how the locations of city-states influenced politics. Finally, it briefly discusses the concept of anti-statism as opposition to state intervention in personal lives.
Criminal Justice System assignment
The criminal justice system aims to punish and prevent crime through departments like the police, Crown Prosecution Service, and judiciary. However, the system is criticized for being biased in how it defines crime and deviance as well as in how it disproportionately targets some ethnic groups. While necessary to maintain order, the system excludes many minority groups and solidifies distrust between these groups and institutions through its labeling and lack of addressing socioeconomic inequalities. Reforms have been introduced but fail to overcome issues of potential politicization or institutional discrimination.
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This document discusses the theoretical framework for understanding indigenous peoples' constitutional recognition in Bolivia and Peru. It outlines two paradigms for understanding social justice - redistribution and recognition. Recognition seeks to acknowledge the perspectives of minorities and differences, while redistribution aims to reduce wealth inequality. For indigenous groups, both paradigms may apply as they seek recognition of their rights and traditions as well as more equitable distribution of resources. The document analyzes how constitutional recognition in Bolivia and Peru can help remedy the historical marginalization and misrecognition of indigenous peoples according to international standards and frameworks.
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I will like to if you take these paper an put them into 8-10 pages a.docx
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Rethinking Michel Foucault: The Political Circle of Parrhesia and Democracy
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Daniel Ballard — DolphinWizard Company
Daniel T. Ballard runs Dolphin Wizard Puppetry and Toys, which designs and constructs puppets for theater productions. The company specializes in rod puppets, hand puppets, and creature suits, and collaborates closely with directors on character designs. Dolphin Wizard trains actors in puppetry techniques and produces variety shows, slam performances, and educational workshops featuring original puppet characters. The company is based in Gainesville, Florida and works on both professional and student theater productions throughout the region.
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This document contains information from an introductory cultural anthropology course. It discusses the instructor Rachel Wayne's background in visual and applied anthropology. It also addresses comments made by a government official questioning the job prospects of anthropology graduates. However, the document lists several career paths of anthropologists such as contract archaeologist, corporate analyst, and medical researcher. It also contains notes on cultural relativism and the idea that understanding other cultures does not require condoning destructive practices.
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Criminal Justice 101
- 1. Criminal Justice Commentaries on Comaroff, Kernaghan, Taussig, and Kafka
- 2. The Criminal The Criminal as a moral rule, a stimulus for social recovery, a scapegoat. “The figure of the “criminal” was now central. It personified a new range of [rudimentary] threats, but it was also productive. Around it grew up a new set of local demands on the state – the call for better statistics tracking crime, for example, and the tendency to evaluate the state’s capacity to govern according to its ability to handle crime – to get the criminal justice system working, to get infringement of law off the streets and into some kind of formal process.” [2010:135]
- 3. The Criminal Compare to Kernaghan’s “Esparza”: Memory of Esparza, if that is what we can call all this talk, was inseparable from the memory he "created" and inseparable from the ways memories of him continued to labor upon the future. By carrying forward the traces of prohibitions set down during the four years during which the army turned the tables on Sendero, a new civic spirit was crafted-a memory that impressed upon the townspeople their need for the state.” [2010:194] Compare to Taussig’s Law in a Lawless Land: conflict between the anonymous and the known criminal; the actions of the criminal affirm social norms
- 4. The Criminal: Discussion Q What is emerging in the popular discourse – what can we learn from the kinds of anxieties and mobilizations we see, from the sorts of demands that people are placing on their representatives in government? Cultural demands / alignment How does the criminal provide a portrait of society—inversely or directly?
- 5. Culture is Criminal “To the extent that contestations over things cultural land in the realm of the juridical, and to the extent that this realm is dominated by institutions of state, what chance of success do claims made under the sign of ‘‘tradition’’ have against the hegemony of the Constitution, against the laws of the nation, against the ideological infrastructure of liberal democracy?” [2004:193]
- 6. The Cop / Detective Police as defenders of democracy / detectives as social scientists Africa: order must happen; without state authority, criminals maintain order “[P]ublic representations – like detective fiction, that is ever more popular world-wide – come in. Such fiction colludes with fantasies about heroic figures capable of restoring order from chaos, and the collapse of authoritative norms. Where official control seems to falter, popular culture creates an identification with the rogue detective, with a film noir kind of view of alternative policing, in which social order is restored from its creative margin.” [2010:134]
- 7. The Cop / Detective: Discussion Q At what level are these issues of social anxiety raised? Who is controlling this discourse? Kafka says that law is the dominion of the nobility. How does this translate into modern society?
- 8. The Vigilante / The “Knowing Criminal “Once cultural usages and expectations are no longer seen as a matter of personal persuasion, once they are taken to be the context- sensitive frame in which humans live out their lives, they become, by extension, the salient terms in which disputed behavior is assessed.” Thus one who is outside or in violation of the law are operating within sociocultural parameters. As a form of protest, the knowing criminal engages in vigilantism or other disruptive behavior. “Moral relativism, under these conditions, gives way to social contextualization: Actions are judged by virtue of standards […] deemed normatively apposite to the circumstances of the conflict.” [2004:199] These normatives are hegemonic. So those who challenge the state’s power are subject to judgment according to their level of violation.
- 10. The Vigilante: Discussion Qs Is the problem of control something that middle- class people are more worried about than the people who have been classically disenfranchised? And what does this tell us about changes in the nature of governance and the operation of law under current social conditions?
- 11. Works Cited Comaroff, John. L., and Jean Comaroff. 2004 Criminal justice, cultural justice: The limits of liberalism and the pragmatics of difference in the new South Africa. American Ethnologist 31(2): 188-204. Comaroff, Jean. 2010 Anthropology and Crime: An Interview with Jean Comaroff. PoLAR: Political and Legal Anthropology Review 33(1): 133-139. Kafka, Franz 1995 The Problem of Our Laws. In Complete Stories. Nathan Glatzer, ed. Pp. 437-438. New York: Schocken Books. Kernaghan, Richard 2009 Esparza. In Coca’s Gone, ch. 5. Stanford: Stanford University Press. Taussig, Michael 2003 Law in a Lawless Land. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.