Karl Marx developed the ideology of Marxism which advocated for a classless society where people contributed based on their abilities and received what they needed. He believed this would create a more equitable system without poverty or social hierarchies. Marx published The Communist Manifesto in 1848 to introduce these ideas but they were highly controversial at the time due to fears about changes to the social order and economic system. Marxism sought to restructure all of society but implementing it would be an immense challenge.