This document provides an overview of Karl Marx and Marxism. It discusses that Marx was a German philosopher who developed the theories of communism, socialism, and Marxism. Some of his most influential works included The Communist Manifesto and Capital. Marx believed that capitalism would lead to increasing inequality and the exploitation of the working class, or proletariat. He argued that socialism and communism were better systems that would empower the working class and move society through different historical stages such as primitive communism, slave society, feudalism, and eventually communism. The document discusses Marx's views on social classes, criticism of capitalism, and his influence on global academia. It also lists some famous Marxists and examples of socialist countries.

1. Prepared by: Banwan Ali
Marxism
University college of Goizha
Fourth stage of English department

2. Index
 Who is Karl Marx?
 His most influential works
 A Picture Of Karl Marks’s Family
 His philosophy
 How he influenced in global academia?
 What is Marxism?
 Criticism of capitalism
 Social classes
 Four stages development of human history
 Who are famous Marxists?
 Socialist countries

3. Who is Karl Marx?
Karl Marx was born in Trier in 1818, just after
Napoleonic wars.
His parents were Jewish at first, but they later
changed to Christianity.
He was a philosopher, political economist,
sociologist , humanist and the founder of
communism
He was an educated students who studied in
Germany at Bonn, Berlin and Jena.
At Bonn, he engaged with Jenny von Westphalen.

4. Who is Karl Marx?
He became an editor in Colongne of the Rheinishe
Zeitung. However Prussian closed the paper
He was expelled from Paris in 1844 with Engles, due to
their radical movements.
Marx’s income was mostly from Engles who had a
steady family business in Manchester.
Death of his wife and his eldest daughter made his
health more worse.
He traveled all around the Europe in order to get his
health cured.
However, he faced death in March 14, 1883

5. His most influential works
Communist Manifesto is his most leading and powerful
political document.
Capital , Volume 1 is one of the manuscript that are
Marx’s historic work.
Critique of the Gotha Programme is a significant work
for Marx’s thoughts in the nature of communist society.
The Civil War in France, was published in order in
defense of the Commune during Paris Commune of 1871

6. Friedrich Engels and Marx’s
daughters Jenny, Eleanor and
Laura, in 1860.
A Picture Of
Karl Marks’s
Family

7. His Philosophy
 He proposed a new economic movement, Socialism.
 He believed that Capitalism will call for destruction
within the society.
 The labor theory of value
 He believed to decrease the rates of profit but at the
same time increase the wealth.

8. How he influenced in global academia?
 Anthropology, archaeology, art theory, criminology, cultural
studies, economics, education, ethics, film
theory, geography, historiography, literary criticism, media
studies, philosophy, political science, political
economy, psychology, science studies, sociology, urban
planning, and theatre.

9. What is Marxism?
 Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after Karl Marx
(1818-1883). Marxism has had a great historical influence on the organization of
countries, as well as numerous theories in sociology.
 Marxism is a social, political, and economic philosophy named after the 19th-
century German philosopher and economist Karl Marx. His work examines the
historical effects of capitalism on labor, productivity, and economic development,
and argues that a worker revolution is needed to replace capitalism with a
communist system.

10. Criticism of capitalism
 Marx condemned capitalism as a system that alienates the masses. His reasoning was as
follows: although workers produce things for the market, market forces, not workers,
control things. People are required to work for capitalists who have full control over the
means of production and maintain power in the workplace. Work, he said, becomes
degrading, monotonous, and suitable for machines rather than free, creative people. In the
end, people themselves become objects—robotlike mechanisms that have lost touch with
human nature, that make decisions based on cold profit-and-loss considerations, with little
concern for human worth and need. Marx concluded that capitalism blocks our capacity to
create our own humane society.

11. Social classes
I. Proletariat: The class of modern wage laborers who, having no means of production of
their own, are reduced to selling their labor power in order to live.
II. Lumpenproletariat: the outcasts of society, such as the criminals, vagabonds, beggars,
or prostitutes, without any political or class consciousness.
III. Bourgeoisie: those who "own the means of production" and buy labor power from the
proletariat, thus exploiting the proletariat. They subdivide as bourgeoisie and the petite
bourgeoisie.
IV. Petite bourgeoisie: those who work and can afford to buy little labor power (i.e. small
business owners, peasants, landlords and trade workers).
V. Landlords: a historically significant social class that retains some wealth and power.
VI. Peasantry and farmers: a scattered class incapable of organizing and
effecting socioeconomic change, most of whom would enter the proletariat while some
would become landlords.

12. 1. Primitive communism:
cooperative tribal societies.
2. Slave society: development of tribal
to city-state in which aristocracy is born.
3. Feudalism: aristocrats are the ruling class,
while merchants evolve into
the bourgeoisie.
4. Capitalism: capitalists are the ruling class
who create and employ the proletariat.
Four stages development of human history

13. Who are famous Marxists?
● Georg Lukács
● Karl Korsch
● Antonio Gramsci
● Herbert Marcuse
● Jean-Paul Sartre
● Louis Althusser

14. Socialist Countries
46%
44%
41%
37%
36%
35%
35%
31%
26%
26%
China Venezuela Russia sweden Denemark
Norway Finland France Canada Germany

15. Thanks!