12:30pm Murrumbidgee Room presentation on the work of the Icon group, Icon Cancer Foundation, and Epic Good Foundation, presented by Mark Middleton, Fiona Jonker, and Anita Heiss.
This document discusses cancer outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. It notes that Indigenous Australians have higher cancer incidence and mortality than non-Indigenous Australians. The disparity is due to higher risk factors, lower screening participation, later diagnosis, and less access to treatment for Indigenous people. Various organizations are working to address this, including Cancer Australia, through frameworks, leadership groups, and care pathways to improve prevention, screening, treatment and support for Indigenous cancer patients. Primary healthcare plays a key role through awareness, screening, care coordination and supporting research.
The document summarizes efforts to prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in remote Australian communities. It describes how a multi-pronged strategy including prevention messages, screening of high-risk mothers, diagnostic clinics, and community capacity building led to a decrease in alcohol consumption during pregnancy from 70% to less than 20% in the Fitzroy Valley. Survey results found increased community knowledge about the dangers of drinking during pregnancy and FASD, and a willingness to take preventative actions. The comprehensive, long-term and community-led approach provides a model for other communities to reduce the impacts of issues like colonization, trauma and substance use.
Clinical interactions and communication are key factors for improving chronic disease self-management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with rheumatic heart disease. Improving communication requires effective two-way and cross-cultural communication between patients, community members, and healthcare providers. Strategies like clinical yarning and developing cultural health capital can help build rapport and understanding between patients and providers to support self-management. Addressing social and cultural factors is important for meaningful patient-provider interactions and successful self-management.
This document outlines the Mayi Kuwayu study, a longitudinal cohort study led by Ray Lovett that aims to develop cultural wellbeing indicators with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It will assess how cultural factors relate to health risks and outcomes. The study is guided by national health plans and research directions calling for evidence on the role of culture in Indigenous health. It uses a conceptual model relating cultural determinants to other factors and health. The study involves community engagement to design the survey and indicators, and will recruit nationally through Medicare data with additional community sampling. Initial pilots have occurred and the next steps include further indicator development, national recruitment and testing, and longitudinal data collection and linkage to examine relationships over time.
Winnunga-AMC is an Aboriginal community controlled health service located in Canberra that has been providing services for close to 30 years. It has a team of over 30 clinical and support staff that provide comprehensive primary healthcare services including medical, dental, allied health and social services. Winnunga sees over 5000 individual clients each year and had over 37,000 service contacts in 2011-2012. It plays a key role in clinical training and education and has plans to expand its facilities to meet growing community needs.
The document discusses the QUMAX program, which aims to improve quality use of medicines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The program is a collaboration between NACCHO and the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, funded by the Department of Health. It provides seven areas of support to participating Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations, including dose administration aid arrangements, pharmacy support, home medicine reviews, education and cultural awareness training, to meet the specific needs of local communities and clients.
This document discusses cancer outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia. It notes that Indigenous Australians have higher cancer incidence and mortality than non-Indigenous Australians. The disparity is due to higher risk factors, lower screening participation, later diagnosis, and less access to treatment for Indigenous people. Various organizations are working to address this, including Cancer Australia, through frameworks, leadership groups, and care pathways to improve prevention, screening, treatment and support for Indigenous cancer patients. Primary healthcare plays a key role through awareness, screening, care coordination and supporting research.
The document summarizes efforts to prevent fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD) in remote Australian communities. It describes how a multi-pronged strategy including prevention messages, screening of high-risk mothers, diagnostic clinics, and community capacity building led to a decrease in alcohol consumption during pregnancy from 70% to less than 20% in the Fitzroy Valley. Survey results found increased community knowledge about the dangers of drinking during pregnancy and FASD, and a willingness to take preventative actions. The comprehensive, long-term and community-led approach provides a model for other communities to reduce the impacts of issues like colonization, trauma and substance use.
Clinical interactions and communication are key factors for improving chronic disease self-management for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples with rheumatic heart disease. Improving communication requires effective two-way and cross-cultural communication between patients, community members, and healthcare providers. Strategies like clinical yarning and developing cultural health capital can help build rapport and understanding between patients and providers to support self-management. Addressing social and cultural factors is important for meaningful patient-provider interactions and successful self-management.
This document outlines the Mayi Kuwayu study, a longitudinal cohort study led by Ray Lovett that aims to develop cultural wellbeing indicators with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. It will assess how cultural factors relate to health risks and outcomes. The study is guided by national health plans and research directions calling for evidence on the role of culture in Indigenous health. It uses a conceptual model relating cultural determinants to other factors and health. The study involves community engagement to design the survey and indicators, and will recruit nationally through Medicare data with additional community sampling. Initial pilots have occurred and the next steps include further indicator development, national recruitment and testing, and longitudinal data collection and linkage to examine relationships over time.
Winnunga-AMC is an Aboriginal community controlled health service located in Canberra that has been providing services for close to 30 years. It has a team of over 30 clinical and support staff that provide comprehensive primary healthcare services including medical, dental, allied health and social services. Winnunga sees over 5000 individual clients each year and had over 37,000 service contacts in 2011-2012. It plays a key role in clinical training and education and has plans to expand its facilities to meet growing community needs.
The document discusses the QUMAX program, which aims to improve quality use of medicines for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The program is a collaboration between NACCHO and the Pharmacy Guild of Australia, funded by the Department of Health. It provides seven areas of support to participating Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organizations, including dose administration aid arrangements, pharmacy support, home medicine reviews, education and cultural awareness training, to meet the specific needs of local communities and clients.
The document summarizes advocacy efforts around the Royal Commission into Youth Detention and Child Protection in the Northern Territory. It discusses:
- The ABC 4 Corners report that prompted the Royal Commission
- The Commissioners and terms of reference for the Royal Commission
- Evidence presented on failures in youth justice and child protection systems and breaches of international human rights standards
- Advocacy efforts including research on alternative models from other countries, submissions to the Royal Commission, and establishing credibility
- Best practice models from other countries like Missouri, Scotland, and New Zealand that focus on therapeutic approaches and community integration
- A proposed public health approach and new legislation in the Northern Territory centered around Aboriginal-led solutions and culturally-appropriate services
The document discusses new approaches being taken by Darwin Division of General Practice (DDHS) in response to a changing healthcare environment with tight funding. DDHS has adopted a new service model inspired by the Indigenous Urban and Interface Health model, focusing on quality care through Medicare items. This involves clinics, care pathways, and electronic health records. Results from 2016-2017 show increases in new clients, Medicare income, and key performance indicators. Next steps include further embedding the service model, opening more clinics, and advocacy.
The document discusses Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander statistics collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). It outlines key ABS data sources such as the Census, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, and National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey. Stories and statistics from the 2016 Census are presented on topics like population size, education levels, disability rates, and where people live. Upcoming work by the Centre of Excellence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics is also mentioned.
The document summarizes an Aboriginal health conference focused on improving health outcomes for Aboriginal males. It provides details on the conference goals, program agenda, speakers, sponsors, and feedback. The conference aimed to showcase best practices, exchange ideas, increase access to healthcare for Aboriginal males, and raise awareness of issues impacting Aboriginal male health. Based on feedback, participants found the topics and presentations to be of high quality and expected to apply what they learned. However, the document notes that while Aboriginal male health outcomes are dire, it remains a low priority nationally.
This document summarizes a project to improve medication dosage communication for Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley region of Australia. It discusses developing and using community-specific language and symbols on dosage administration aids and labels. Surveys were conducted in several communities to determine preferred terms for describing times of day to take medication. The results showed that while communities preferred different language, they agreed on three main dosing times and disliked distinguishing between evening doses. Resources and practices were updated based on the findings to better meet each community's needs and understandings around medication dosing.
Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer screening rates in NNS...Cancer Institute NSW
Northern NSW (NNSW) LHD was awarded a $20,000 grant from the Cancer Institute NSW to increase breast and cervical cancer screening in Aboriginal women and cancer screening in Aboriginal men in the Northern NSW region.
PwC conducted a study to examine the disproportionately high rates of incarceration of Indigenous Australians. Some of the key findings included:
- Indigenous adults are incarcerated at 11 times the rate of non-Indigenous adults. Rates are highest in WA and NT.
- Underlying causes contributing to high incarceration rates include poverty, lack of education, substance abuse, trauma, racism and poor health.
- Factors related to the justice system also contribute, such as high rates of previous contact with the system and less access to legal assistance.
- A holistic approach is needed that involves early intervention, universal prevention programs, targeted interventions, and reforms to the criminal justice system and policies.
- The
Dan Venables_LTC Consensus Meeting 10-Nov-2015angewatkins
PRIME Centre Wales
Long Term Conditions Consensus Meeting
Tuesday 10th November 2015, St Mary's Priory, Abergavenny, NP7 5ND
http://www.primecentre.wales/ltc-consensus-meeting.php
PRIME Centre Wales
Long Term Conditions Consensus Meeting
Tuesday 10th November 2015, St Mary's Priory, Abergavenny, NP7 5ND
http://www.primecentre.wales/ltc-consensus-meeting.php
Presentation by Jeff Sanderson at "Post-Ebola Survivors - Research and Recovery Lessons from West Africa," a USAID Brown Bag on May 2, 2019 at USAID/Crystal City.
Together with NIH/PREVAIL, today’s session focuses on learnings from these programs in relation to survivor care and post-outbreak recovery of health services and health systems.
Facilitator: Jeff Sanderson, Team Leader, West Africa Post-Ebola Programs, JSI R&T/APC
The Presenters:
Dr. Libby Higgs, Global Health Science Advisor for the Division of Clinical Research at NIAID, NIH (confirmed)
Dr. Meba Kagone, former Chief of Party for ETP&SS, Guinea, JSI/APC (confirmed)
Dr. Rose Macauley, former Chief of Party for ETP&SS, Liberia, JSI/APC (confirmed)
Jeff Sanderson (for Dr. Kwame Oneill, former Director of the Program Implementation Unit, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone)
Background:
The Ebola Transmission Prevention & Survivor Services (ETP&SS) program included four components; country programs in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and a regional program designed to share best practices and lessons learned.
ETP&SS assisted these governments to prevent further Ebola transmission, reduce stigma and other barriers to care for survivors when accessing health services, support the strengthening of needed specialty services, and build more resilient and self-sustaining health systems.
The regional program sought to ensure the sharing of lessons learned and best practices across the three countries and the region through meetings, exchanges and conferences with partners such as NIH, WHO, and the West African Consortium.
Funded by the Global Health Bureau through the Advancing Partners & Communities Project, John Snow Research & Training Institute implemented the program from July 2016 through July/August 2018.
Driving Quality Health Care: Lessons from the Ideal Clinics Initiative in Sou...HFG Project
The document summarizes a webinar about South Africa's Ideal Clinics Initiative to improve quality of primary healthcare. It discusses how South Africa is working to expand access to affordable, timely, effective and patient-centered care through the Ideal Clinic program. The program defines standards for infrastructure, staffing, supplies and clinical care processes that primary clinics aim to meet. It also collaborates with other organizations to address social health determinants. The webinar objectives are to share lessons from implementing and expanding the Ideal Clinics Initiative in South Africa, review evidence on improving primary care quality in resource-limited settings, and discuss future challenges in Africa.
The Pink Sari Project: Challenging the future of how we develop campaigns and...Cancer Institute NSW
Women aged 50-74, from Indian and Sri Lankan Backgrounds have been identified by the Cancer Institute NSW as having one of the lowest rates of breast screening in NSW. To address this issue, the NSW Multicultural Health Communication Service together with the NSW Refugee Health Service and an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Technology Sydney applied for and was successful in getting an Evidence to Practice from the Cancer Institute NSW in 2014.
Adrian Edwards - PRIME Social Care Consensus Meeting 20151005angewatkins
This document summarizes the PRIME Centre Wales, which aims to improve health and well-being in Wales through high-quality research and influencing policy. The Center will take a multi-disciplinary approach and focus on research areas like long-term conditions, patient-centered care, infections, screening and prevention, and emergency care. It will work with patients and public groups, social care services, industry partners, and other research groups in Wales. The leadership team is led by Professor Adrian Edwards of Cardiff University and includes representatives from Bangor, Swansea, and the University of South Wales.
Lucy Marion, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAANP
Dean, College of Nursing, Augusta University
Chair, APRN Task Force of Georgia Nursing Leadership Coalition
Presentation to the Georgia Senate Women's Adequate Healthcare Study Committee
Register4 is an online register launched in 2010 that allows people to sign up to participate in breast cancer research. It connects volunteers with researchers to fast-track recruitment, which typically takes a long time. Members provide their information and can opt into various research studies. Over 30,000 members have joined, with 25% actively participating in research. It has successfully recruited for multiple studies within days or weeks compared to the usual years.
Macmillan Cancer Support - Time to Choose 2016 NI AssemblyMichael Moore
The document calls on the Northern Ireland Assembly to improve cancer care services by fully implementing the Cancer Services Framework and delivering person-centered care. It discusses three key issues: 1) Ensuring equal access to Clinical Nurse Specialists for all cancer patients, as patients with access to CNS report more positive experiences; 2) Providing a "Recovery Package" to support cancer patients' holistic needs beyond treatment; and 3) Promoting Advance Care Planning to allow patients to make their end-of-life care preferences known. The document provides statistics on cancer in Northern Ireland and evidence that addressing these issues can improve outcomes and experiences for cancer patients.
Interested in global public health? Bridge to Health Medical and Dental has worked in partnership with local grassroots organizations and government agencies in rural communities across southwestern Uganda and Kenya to provide education and training, clinical services, and build innovative solutions to complex problems. Come learn about these initiatives, connect with Rotarians who build sustainable collaborations to improve health and education, and be inspired to take action.
The document summarizes advocacy efforts around the Royal Commission into Youth Detention and Child Protection in the Northern Territory. It discusses:
- The ABC 4 Corners report that prompted the Royal Commission
- The Commissioners and terms of reference for the Royal Commission
- Evidence presented on failures in youth justice and child protection systems and breaches of international human rights standards
- Advocacy efforts including research on alternative models from other countries, submissions to the Royal Commission, and establishing credibility
- Best practice models from other countries like Missouri, Scotland, and New Zealand that focus on therapeutic approaches and community integration
- A proposed public health approach and new legislation in the Northern Territory centered around Aboriginal-led solutions and culturally-appropriate services
The document discusses new approaches being taken by Darwin Division of General Practice (DDHS) in response to a changing healthcare environment with tight funding. DDHS has adopted a new service model inspired by the Indigenous Urban and Interface Health model, focusing on quality care through Medicare items. This involves clinics, care pathways, and electronic health records. Results from 2016-2017 show increases in new clients, Medicare income, and key performance indicators. Next steps include further embedding the service model, opening more clinics, and advocacy.
The document discusses Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander statistics collected by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). It outlines key ABS data sources such as the Census, National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey, and National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Survey. Stories and statistics from the 2016 Census are presented on topics like population size, education levels, disability rates, and where people live. Upcoming work by the Centre of Excellence for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Statistics is also mentioned.
The document summarizes an Aboriginal health conference focused on improving health outcomes for Aboriginal males. It provides details on the conference goals, program agenda, speakers, sponsors, and feedback. The conference aimed to showcase best practices, exchange ideas, increase access to healthcare for Aboriginal males, and raise awareness of issues impacting Aboriginal male health. Based on feedback, participants found the topics and presentations to be of high quality and expected to apply what they learned. However, the document notes that while Aboriginal male health outcomes are dire, it remains a low priority nationally.
This document summarizes a project to improve medication dosage communication for Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley region of Australia. It discusses developing and using community-specific language and symbols on dosage administration aids and labels. Surveys were conducted in several communities to determine preferred terms for describing times of day to take medication. The results showed that while communities preferred different language, they agreed on three main dosing times and disliked distinguishing between evening doses. Resources and practices were updated based on the findings to better meet each community's needs and understandings around medication dosing.
Improving Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cancer screening rates in NNS...Cancer Institute NSW
Northern NSW (NNSW) LHD was awarded a $20,000 grant from the Cancer Institute NSW to increase breast and cervical cancer screening in Aboriginal women and cancer screening in Aboriginal men in the Northern NSW region.
PwC conducted a study to examine the disproportionately high rates of incarceration of Indigenous Australians. Some of the key findings included:
- Indigenous adults are incarcerated at 11 times the rate of non-Indigenous adults. Rates are highest in WA and NT.
- Underlying causes contributing to high incarceration rates include poverty, lack of education, substance abuse, trauma, racism and poor health.
- Factors related to the justice system also contribute, such as high rates of previous contact with the system and less access to legal assistance.
- A holistic approach is needed that involves early intervention, universal prevention programs, targeted interventions, and reforms to the criminal justice system and policies.
- The
Dan Venables_LTC Consensus Meeting 10-Nov-2015angewatkins
PRIME Centre Wales
Long Term Conditions Consensus Meeting
Tuesday 10th November 2015, St Mary's Priory, Abergavenny, NP7 5ND
http://www.primecentre.wales/ltc-consensus-meeting.php
PRIME Centre Wales
Long Term Conditions Consensus Meeting
Tuesday 10th November 2015, St Mary's Priory, Abergavenny, NP7 5ND
http://www.primecentre.wales/ltc-consensus-meeting.php
Presentation by Jeff Sanderson at "Post-Ebola Survivors - Research and Recovery Lessons from West Africa," a USAID Brown Bag on May 2, 2019 at USAID/Crystal City.
Together with NIH/PREVAIL, today’s session focuses on learnings from these programs in relation to survivor care and post-outbreak recovery of health services and health systems.
Facilitator: Jeff Sanderson, Team Leader, West Africa Post-Ebola Programs, JSI R&T/APC
The Presenters:
Dr. Libby Higgs, Global Health Science Advisor for the Division of Clinical Research at NIAID, NIH (confirmed)
Dr. Meba Kagone, former Chief of Party for ETP&SS, Guinea, JSI/APC (confirmed)
Dr. Rose Macauley, former Chief of Party for ETP&SS, Liberia, JSI/APC (confirmed)
Jeff Sanderson (for Dr. Kwame Oneill, former Director of the Program Implementation Unit, Ministry of Health and Sanitation, Sierra Leone)
Background:
The Ebola Transmission Prevention & Survivor Services (ETP&SS) program included four components; country programs in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone, and a regional program designed to share best practices and lessons learned.
ETP&SS assisted these governments to prevent further Ebola transmission, reduce stigma and other barriers to care for survivors when accessing health services, support the strengthening of needed specialty services, and build more resilient and self-sustaining health systems.
The regional program sought to ensure the sharing of lessons learned and best practices across the three countries and the region through meetings, exchanges and conferences with partners such as NIH, WHO, and the West African Consortium.
Funded by the Global Health Bureau through the Advancing Partners & Communities Project, John Snow Research & Training Institute implemented the program from July 2016 through July/August 2018.
Driving Quality Health Care: Lessons from the Ideal Clinics Initiative in Sou...HFG Project
The document summarizes a webinar about South Africa's Ideal Clinics Initiative to improve quality of primary healthcare. It discusses how South Africa is working to expand access to affordable, timely, effective and patient-centered care through the Ideal Clinic program. The program defines standards for infrastructure, staffing, supplies and clinical care processes that primary clinics aim to meet. It also collaborates with other organizations to address social health determinants. The webinar objectives are to share lessons from implementing and expanding the Ideal Clinics Initiative in South Africa, review evidence on improving primary care quality in resource-limited settings, and discuss future challenges in Africa.
The Pink Sari Project: Challenging the future of how we develop campaigns and...Cancer Institute NSW
Women aged 50-74, from Indian and Sri Lankan Backgrounds have been identified by the Cancer Institute NSW as having one of the lowest rates of breast screening in NSW. To address this issue, the NSW Multicultural Health Communication Service together with the NSW Refugee Health Service and an interdisciplinary team of researchers from the University of Technology Sydney applied for and was successful in getting an Evidence to Practice from the Cancer Institute NSW in 2014.
Adrian Edwards - PRIME Social Care Consensus Meeting 20151005angewatkins
This document summarizes the PRIME Centre Wales, which aims to improve health and well-being in Wales through high-quality research and influencing policy. The Center will take a multi-disciplinary approach and focus on research areas like long-term conditions, patient-centered care, infections, screening and prevention, and emergency care. It will work with patients and public groups, social care services, industry partners, and other research groups in Wales. The leadership team is led by Professor Adrian Edwards of Cardiff University and includes representatives from Bangor, Swansea, and the University of South Wales.
Lucy Marion, PhD, RN, FAAN, FAANP
Dean, College of Nursing, Augusta University
Chair, APRN Task Force of Georgia Nursing Leadership Coalition
Presentation to the Georgia Senate Women's Adequate Healthcare Study Committee
Register4 is an online register launched in 2010 that allows people to sign up to participate in breast cancer research. It connects volunteers with researchers to fast-track recruitment, which typically takes a long time. Members provide their information and can opt into various research studies. Over 30,000 members have joined, with 25% actively participating in research. It has successfully recruited for multiple studies within days or weeks compared to the usual years.
Macmillan Cancer Support - Time to Choose 2016 NI AssemblyMichael Moore
The document calls on the Northern Ireland Assembly to improve cancer care services by fully implementing the Cancer Services Framework and delivering person-centered care. It discusses three key issues: 1) Ensuring equal access to Clinical Nurse Specialists for all cancer patients, as patients with access to CNS report more positive experiences; 2) Providing a "Recovery Package" to support cancer patients' holistic needs beyond treatment; and 3) Promoting Advance Care Planning to allow patients to make their end-of-life care preferences known. The document provides statistics on cancer in Northern Ireland and evidence that addressing these issues can improve outcomes and experiences for cancer patients.
Interested in global public health? Bridge to Health Medical and Dental has worked in partnership with local grassroots organizations and government agencies in rural communities across southwestern Uganda and Kenya to provide education and training, clinical services, and build innovative solutions to complex problems. Come learn about these initiatives, connect with Rotarians who build sustainable collaborations to improve health and education, and be inspired to take action.
Developing a national strategy for research into cancer survivorship in the U...Irish Cancer Society
A presentation given at the Irish Cancer Society's Survivorship Research Day at the Aviva Stadium, Dublin on Thursday, September 20th, 2013.
Developing a national strategy for research into cancer survivorship in the UK - Dr Jim Elliott (UK NCRI)
Improving Access to Healthcare for Impoverished Communities Rotary International
Interested in global public health? Bridge to Health Medical and Dental has worked in partnership with local grassroots organizations in rural communities in southwestern Uganda and Ethiopia to provide education and training, clinical services, and build innovative solutions to complex problems. Come learn about these initiatives, connect with Rotarians who build sustainable collaborations to improve health and education, and be inspired to take action.
About the Ontario Institute for Cancer Researchjosephoicr
The Ontario Institute for Cancer Research’s focus on multi-disciplinary research teams, a collaborative approach and on moving discoveries into the clinic more quickly has advanced both discovery and translation.
Cancer Council NSW Research Report Newsletter Sept 2014 Cancer Council NSW
The document summarizes several research studies and initiatives. It discusses a study finding lower survival rates for prostate cancer in rural areas compared to cities, and ways for rural men to help themselves through regular doctor visits and screening. It also describes a new potential treatment for triple negative breast cancer developed by combining two existing drugs, and Cancer Council's process for selecting and funding research proposals which involves reviews from scientific and consumer panels. Finally, it encourages registering for their research study database to participate in cancer studies.
The document provides an update on the progress and accomplishments of the Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research (NCCCR). Key points include:
- NCCCR has established collaborations with other institutions to integrate childhood cancer research efforts and leverage resources to become a national leader.
- Major accomplishments include establishing monthly research translation meetings between clinicians and researchers, and creating one of the few pediatric tumor banks in the US to facilitate biomarker discovery.
- The vision is to develop strategies to advance childhood cancer screening, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, with a focus on identifying biomarkers, developing drug delivery approaches, and discovering new drugs.
This document summarizes the partnership between the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) and industry to support clinical research and innovation in the UK. Key points:
- NIHR invests over £1 billion annually in research infrastructure including clinical trials facilities to support industry partnerships and clinical research.
- In 2015/16 this infrastructure supported over 11,000 studies, recruited over 320,000 patients, and resulted in over 1,300 collaborations and 576 partnerships with industry worth £149.7 million.
- Examples are provided of NIHR funding programs that support translational research and adoption of novel technologies, helping to bridge the "valley of death" between research and commercialization.
Epidemiology of oral cancer, cancer registry in India,Global Initiatives,Tobacco,Tobacco cessation centre,WHO framework,National Tobacco Control Programme,Squamous cell carcinoma,Leukoplakia, Benign,Malignant,Epidemiology,World
Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body. Cancer is a group of diseases involving
abnormal cell growth with the potential to
invade or spread to other parts of the body.
Cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and
mortality worldwide, with approximately 14 million new
cases in 2012.
A protocol for the management of breast cancer developed by the multidisciplinary oncology team at University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, fully adapted to our environment
Selective internal radiation therapy for the treatment of liver cancerYasoba Atukorale
This document summarizes selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT) for treating liver cancer. SIRT involves delivering microspheres containing the radioactive isotope yttrium-90 to the liver tumor via injection into the hepatic artery. It is an emerging treatment for primary or metastatic liver cancers that cannot be surgically removed. Liver cancer incidence is increasing in Australia, creating a growing clinical need for new treatment options like SIRT, which has been approved for use in Australia and is being used or tested in many countries around the world.
A series of Be Clear on Cancer awareness events were held prior to the campaign launch in Autumn 2013. These slides are from the Leeds event on 4 September 2012
The events included
An update on the 'Blood in Pee' campaign Oct-Nov 2013
Sharing experiences from BCOC pilots
A review of the impact of the BCOC campaigns
Latest plans for BCOC February 20145 campaigns
An opportunity for delegates to feedback on experience of campaigns and make suggestions for improvement
Events were aimed at SCNs - Programme leads, Clinicians, Public Health, National NAEDI Partners - DH, Public Health England, NHS England and Charities
The Nicholas Conor Institute aims to improve treatments for pediatric cancer by developing personalized therapies tailored to each child's unique cancer characteristics. It plans to do this through translating medical discoveries into integrated treatment programs, developing predictive tests to guide therapy, and bringing new child-friendly treatments to clinics. The Institute was founded in memory of Nicholas "Conor" Boddy to address the lack of treatment options and high costs faced by children with cancer.
The document summarizes the various medical services provided across eight patient care areas at The Scarborough Hospital (TSH) in Toronto, Canada. Key services discussed include emergency and urgent care departments treating over 100,000 people annually; maternal and childcare services including a family-centered birthing unit; one of the largest nephrology programs in North America serving over 6,000 kidney patients; mental health programs providing services in multiple languages; and cancer care including medical oncologists close to home for Scarborough residents.
A series of Be Clear on Cancer awareness events were held prior to the campaign launch in Autumn 2013. These slides are from the London event on 10 September 2012
The events included:
An update on the 'Blood in Pee' campaign Oct-Nov 2013
Sharing experiences from BCOC pilots
A review of the impact of the BCOC campaigns
Latest plans for BCOC February 20145 campaigns
An opportunity for delegates to feedback on experience of campaigns and make suggestions for improvement
Events were aimed at SCNs - Programme leads, Clinicians, Public Health, National NAEDI Partners - DH, Public Health England, NHS England and Charities
South Carolina Childhood Cancer Research Lab PresentationGoing Places, Inc
Childhood Cancer Research at theMedical University of South CarolinaSeptember 12, 2014 Jacqueline M Kraveka, D.O.Associate ProfessorDirector, Pediatric Oncology Research LaboratoryDepartment of PediatricsDivision of Hematology-Oncology
Creation of a novel cancer & hiv linked registry by jamilla rajabKesho Conference
This document describes the creation of a novel cancer and HIV registry in two counties in Kenya. Key points:
1. The registry pilot collected cancer and HIV data from hospitals in Nakuru and Embu counties to provide population-based data on cancer frequencies, trends, and differences between the counties.
2. Preliminary results found the top five cancers were similar to national estimates, though some site-specific differences between counties were seen.
3. Data from the registry will be uploaded to a mobile app platform to provide customized cancer data and statistics to various stakeholders for research, planning, and intervention purposes.
4. Challenges establishing the registry included poor data quality and documentation at healthcare facilities. Completing
This document discusses the burden of cancer in Uganda and focuses on breast cancer. It provides statistics on the prevalence of breast cancer in Uganda, noting that over 80% of cases present at advanced stages. It identifies factors that increase breast cancer risk and lists common signs and symptoms. The document outlines screening and treatment options and discusses efforts by Uganda Cancer Fund to increase awareness, support training, provide drugs to vulnerable groups, and conduct mobile screenings. It requests donations to support these initiatives.
Similar to Mark Middleton, Fiona Jonker, and Anita Heiss (20)
This document summarizes a training program called "Birds and BBVs" that aims to increase sexually transmitted infection (STI) and blood-borne virus (BBV) testing rates among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Western Australia. It provides background on interviews that found most Aboriginal health workers were not routinely offering STI testing. It discusses the partnerships involved, and evaluation findings that over 200 people have participated in the training. Trainees reported increased confidence in discussing STIs after the training. The training seeks to normalize STI testing, educate on consequences of untreated infections, and provide strategies for bringing up the topic with clients. It emphasizes the importance of dedicated sexual health workers and partnerships to increase testing rates.
Nunkuwarrin Yunti of South Australia Inc. provides workforce development and training programs for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and social services workers. It operates a Registered Training Organisation and Workforce Development & Support Unit. The training programs were established in response to the 1997 Bringing Them Home report and focus on social and emotional wellbeing, family history research, primary health care, and narrative approaches. Nunkuwarrin Yunti offers certificate and diploma courses and short courses in areas such as mental health first aid and domestic violence response. It aims to provide culturally safe training to support the social and emotional wellbeing workforce.
The Miwatj Health Both Ways Model provides concise summaries of their NDIS program in remote North East Arnhem Land:
1. They launched their NDIS program in 2017 with 206 participants so far, focusing on building participants' capabilities and control over their own futures.
2. Their program includes coordination of support, outreach support coordinators who visit communities weekly, and community connectors who are local Yolŋu staff providing cultural brokerage.
3. Transitioning to the NDIS in very remote areas has brought challenges around service access due to geography and lack of providers, but also successes through collaborative partnerships, relationship building, and educating local services.
The document summarizes information presented by Tim Kelsey at the NACCHO Conference 2019 on using digital technology to improve health and wellbeing in local communities. The key points discussed include:
1) An overview of Australia's National Digital Health Strategy and its 7 focus areas.
2) Statistics on the adoption and use of My Health Record across different healthcare providers and states.
3) Initiatives to enhance models of care like the National Children's Digital Health Collaborative and Communities of Excellence pilot program.
4) Efforts to address barriers to digital uptake through education programs tailored for different groups.
5) The importance of acknowledging Aboriginal community leadership and strengthening partnerships to support Indigenous health outcomes
The document outlines several Defence programs focused on Indigenous engagement and support, including:
1) The Defence Reconciliation Action Plan and Air Force Indigenous Strategy which aim to foster meaningful relationships with Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
2) Indigenous youth training programs like cultural camps and pre-recruitment programs to provide experiences in the Air Force and support individual development.
3) The Kummundoo Program, focused on community health and wellbeing, which provides dental services and aims to expand its memorandum of understanding to 2025 to deliver additional health services and youth programs.
Telethon Kids, END RHD | Pat Turner, Jonathan Carpetis and Raychelle McKenzieNACCHOpresentations
This document outlines a strategy to end rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in Australia through research-backed, community-driven solutions. It discusses establishing an Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander-led structure to implement the strategy. Key aspects of the strategy include investing in community-level environmental health and infrastructure solutions, comprehensive skin and throat programs, and ensuring quality care for people with existing RHD. Modeling shows this multi-pronged approach could significantly reduce both the prevalence and mortality of RHD. The strategy emphasizes community involvement and empowerment to address the social determinants of health contributing to RHD.
Antimicrobial Stewardship (AMS) | A/Prof Bhavini Patel, Emily Waddell and Dr ...NACCHOpresentations
1) The document discusses antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs in primary health care settings for Aboriginal communities. It describes the high rates of antimicrobial use and emerging resistance in these communities.
2) An effective AMS program requires a multidisciplinary team approach and systems to promote appropriate antimicrobial use. Key elements include evidence-based guidelines, formularies, prescription review, and education.
3) Studies in Northern Australia found most antimicrobial use was appropriate but identified opportunities to optimize dosing and reduce unnecessary use. Pharmacists can play an important leadership and advisory role in developing and implementing a successful AMS program.
The document discusses a naloxone program that aims to educate patients at risk of opioid overdose about naloxone and train them on its use. It describes different naloxone formulations, identifies at-risk patients, and discusses approaches to patient education and training. The need for the program is highlighted by unintentional overdose being a significant cause of death in Australia. Success stories and barriers to the program are also mentioned.
How to keep an accurate medicines list | Chris Braithwaite NACCHOpresentations
This document discusses how to keep an accurate medicines list through an organizational approach. It describes Galambila Aboriginal Health Service, which aims to ensure patients and providers receive accurate medicines lists. Regular audits of medicines lists provide a platform for sustainable change to improve accuracy. Having GP champions and understanding clinical software helps facilitate keeping accurate lists, which benefits patients, the health service, and community pharmacies. Measurable improvements will be developed through the audit process.
This document presents statistics from the 2014-15 National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Social Survey on holistic health indicators. Some key findings include:
- 65% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people reported having a long-term health condition, with mental health conditions being more common than physical conditions alone.
- Self-assessed health status and the ability to have a say within one's community and with family/friends on important issues are closely linked, with better health and social connections reported by those who feel more empowered.
- Mental health conditions in particular showed strong associations with feeling able to participate within one's social networks.
National Hearing health Coordinator Program | Lorraine Taui and Mark MitchellNACCHOpresentations
The National Hearing Health Coordinator Program aims to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ear and hearing health through coordination and collaboration. It has expanded from 5 coordinators to 11.5 coordinators with increased funding. Key activities of the coordinators include providing training, supporting screening and referrals, strengthening partnerships, and facilitating development of resources and programs. The program aims to better embed ear health practices and use continuous quality improvement.
This document outlines a five year plan called "Strong eyes, strong communities" to improve Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander eye health and vision from 2019-2024. The plan was developed by Vision 2020 Australia and contains 27 recommendations focused on enhancing eye care service delivery, strengthening partnerships, embedding eye care in primary care settings like ACCHOs, and eliminating trachoma. It emphasizes the importance of children's vision, addresses high rates of trachoma in Australia, and recommends expanding access to affordable glasses and developing a national strategy to promote early identification of vision issues in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
This document provides information about the Hearing Assessment Program - Early Ears (HAP-EE). It discusses the background and timeline of the program's development, its three main components, anticipated outcomes, and some initial results from locations that have participated. It also addresses common questions about how services can get involved and what the process looks like for a community that decides to participate. The goal of HAP-EE is to improve early hearing screening and referrals for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children.
This document discusses initiatives at IUIH Pharmacy that are improving health outcomes. It describes integrating a health worker into the Home Medicines Review (HMR) model, which has increased the rate of HMR completion from 46.5% in 2017 to 74% in the first half of 2019. The health worker schedules HMR interviews and ensures the HMR report is reviewed by the patient's GP. The document also mentions the pharmacist's activities like clinic visits, the Work it Out program, smoking cessation education, and audits. In general, the integrated health worker role and pharmacist services are enhancing care coordination and medication management for patients.
The document summarizes a project between PwC's Indigenous Consulting, Griffith University First Peoples Health Unit, and AHPRA to design and deliver Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander cultural safety training. The partnership aims to establish a consistent national approach to cultural safety learning using the NACCHO Cultural Safety Standards. Key aspects of the project include developing a cultural safety learning framework, training program, and evaluation framework to measure the impact on over 1,000 health practitioners. The partnership brings expertise in Indigenous health, cultural safety, and a national reach to help improve health outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people.
The document discusses AHPRA's cultural safety project being delivered by PwC's Indigenous Consulting and Griffith University. It provides an overview of the project, which includes designing and delivering cultural safety training to AHPRA staff, boards and committees. It will use the NACCHO Cultural Safety Standards as a framework and involve training over 75 sessions to 1,392 participants across Australian capital cities. PwC's Indigenous Consulting and Griffith University bring expertise in Aboriginal health and cultural safety to ensure a consistent national approach to the training.
Sexual Health Stream - Waterfront Room (All presentations combined)NACCHOpresentations
Indigenising interventions to impact STI and BBV inequality among First Peoples of Australia
In this document, James Ward discusses ongoing high rates of STIs among Aboriginal communities in Australia and potential strategies to address health inequalities. He notes STIs remain difficult to discuss and are particularly impacting remote areas. Recent initiatives discussed include the Young Deadly Free campaign promoting education and testing, national sentinel surveillance of testing coverage through ATLAS, and a national survey of Aboriginal youth knowledge and behaviors called GOANNA. Precision public health approaches using genomic and health services data are also proposed. Ward advocates for empowering Aboriginal leadership and centering community-based approaches to enable strength-based and culturally appropriate STI control.
Kimberly Mum's Mood Scale - Kimberly Aboriginal Medical Services and Rural Cl...NACCHOpresentations
The document describes the Kimberley Mum's Mood Scale (KMMS) validation project, which aims to improve mental health screening for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women. The KMMS was developed and validated in the Kimberley region as an adapted, culturally-appropriate alternative to standard postnatal depression screening tools. It focuses on strengths, resilience and risk factors through a narrative-based approach. Consultations found the KMMS acceptable to women and health professionals. The project now aims to validate and implement the KMMS in other regions like the Pilbara and Far North Queensland to improve screening rates and support for Indigenous women.
Health Justice Conversation | Donnella Mills and Tessa Boyd-CaineNACCHOpresentations
This document discusses a health justice conversation between Donnella Mills from NACCHO and Tessa Boyd-Caine from Health Justice Australia at an NACCHO conference in 2019. It provides data on the growth of health justice partnerships in Australia from 2008 to 2018, with most new partnerships established after 2013. It also summarizes common legal issues addressed by health justice services, such as family violence, family law, fines, and housing. The document notes that economic disadvantage is a factor for most health justice clients and discusses the Aboriginal understanding of holistic health.
The Productivity Commission has been tasked by the Australian Government to develop a whole-of-government Indigenous Evaluation Strategy. They have engaged in extensive consultation with Indigenous organizations and communities. The strategy will establish principles for evaluating programs affecting Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people and identify priorities for evaluation. It aims to improve the design, delivery and evaluation of policies and ensure Indigenous perspectives are respected. The draft report will be released in February 2020 following further engagement.
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- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/Pt1nA32sdHQ
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/uFdc9F0rlP0
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Promoting Wellbeing - Applied Social Psychology - Psychology SuperNotesPsychoTech Services
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a simplified look into the mechanisms involved in the regulation of respiration:
Learning objectives:
1. Describe the organisation of respiratory center
2. Describe the nervous control of inspiration and respiratory rhythm
3. Describe the functions of the dorsal and respiratory groups of neurons
4. Describe the influences of the Pneumotaxic and Apneustic centers
5. Explain the role of Hering-Breur inflation reflex in regulation of inspiration
6. Explain the role of central chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
7. Explain the role of peripheral chemoreceptors in regulation of respiration
8. Explain the regulation of respiration during exercise
9. Integrate the respiratory regulatory mechanisms
10. Describe the Cheyne-Stokes breathing
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 42, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 36, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 13, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
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These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Local Advanced Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex Sys...Oleg Kshivets
Overall life span (LS) was 1671.7±1721.6 days and cumulative 5YS reached 62.4%, 10 years – 50.4%, 20 years – 44.6%. 94 LCP lived more than 5 years without cancer (LS=2958.6±1723.6 days), 22 – more than 10 years (LS=5571±1841.8 days). 67 LCP died because of LC (LS=471.9±344 days). AT significantly improved 5YS (68% vs. 53.7%) (P=0.028 by log-rank test). Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: N0-N12, T3-4, blood cell circuit, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells-CC and blood cells subpopulations), LC cell dynamics, recalcification time, heparin tolerance, prothrombin index, protein, AT, procedure type (P=0.000-0.031). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and N0-12 (rank=1), thrombocytes/CC (rank=2), segmented neutrophils/CC (3), eosinophils/CC (4), erythrocytes/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), stick neutrophils/CC (8), leucocytes/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (error=0.000; area under ROC curve=1.0).
1. Facilitator
Dr Anita Heiss, Manager, Epic Good Foundation
Panellist
Mark Middleton, CEO, Icon Group
Panellist
Fiona Jonker, CEO, Icon Cancer Foundation
4. Icon Group is Australia’s largest dedicated cancer
care provider. The Group is built on a strong but
simple vision – to deliver the best possible cancer
care, to as many people as possible, as close to
home as possible.
5. Who is Icon Group?
An integrated end-to-end service model enables the Group to explore new ways of engaging patients, and
as one team deliver exceptional cancer care.
6. Cancer Care
Day oncology hospitals
• Icon’s day oncology division is Australia’s largest private provider of day oncology and haematology. It has 11 centres nationally, four in
Singapore with another in development, and one in New Zealand
• Supported by satellite clinics across regional Queensland and a telehealth program into rural and remote communities
Radiation oncology
• 16 centres nationally, with another four centres due to open by mid-2018. Icon also has a centre in development in New Zealand and a
number in China
Comprehensive cancer centres
• Our centres bring together day oncology, radiation oncology and pharmacy under the one roof. There are five centres nationally
(included in the numbers above), with another three opening by the conclusion of 2017 and two in 2018
Leading national provider of successful PPPs (Public Private Partnerships)
• In partnership with Queensland Health, Icon currently provides public radiation oncology services under the ROC brand, at the Cairns
Base Hospital, Gold Coast University Hospital (GCUH) and in the Wide Bay Health District
7.
8. What do we know?
AIHW ‘Cancer in Australia 2017’ summary of Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander statistics
• Average of 1,189 Indigenous Australians diagnosed with cancer each year (2008-2012)
• Most commonly diagnosed cancer amongst Indigenous Australians:
1. Lung cancer
2. Breast cancer (females)
3. Colorectal cancer
4. Prostate cancer
• Between 2008 and 2012, the age-standardised incidence rate for all cancers combined was higher for Indigenous Australians than for their non-Indigenous
counterparts (484 and 439 per 100,000, respectively)
• The age-standardised incidence rate was higher for Indigenous than for non-Indigenous Australians for liver cancer (2.8 times as high), cervical cancer (2.2),
lung cancer (2.0), cancer of unknown primary site (1.9), uterine cancer (1.7) and pancreatic cancer (1.4)
• The high rates of unknown primary site may be because Indigenous Australians have poorer access to health-care services and are more likely to have cancers
that are diagnosed at a later stage than non-Indigenous Australians, when the primary site is no longer apparent (Cunningham et al. 2008; Roder 2005)
• The age-standardised mortality rate of all cancers combined was higher for Indigenous Australians than for their non-Indigenous counterparts (221 and 171
per 100,000, respectively). The age-standardised mortality rate was higher for Indigenous than for non-Indigenous Australians for cervical cancer (3.8 times as
high), liver cancer (2.5), lung cancer (1.8), uterine cancer and cancer of unknown primary site (both 1.6), and pancreatic cancer (1.3)
• The higher mortality rate for Indigenous Australians may be partly explained by their greater likelihood of being diagnosed with cancers where the prospect of
successful treatment and survival is poorer (for example, lung cancer and cancer of unknown primary site) (Condon, Armstrong et al. 2003; Condon, Zhang et
al. 2014; Threlfall & Thompson 2009) or by being diagnosed at an advanced stage, as well as their lesser likelihood of receiving adequate treatment (AIHW
2016c; Cunningham et al. 2008)
9. What don’t we know?
How to best deliver cancer care in Indigenous communities
Meaningful collaborations necessary:
• NACCHO
• Indigenous Allied Health Australia
• Menzies/National Indigenous Cancer Network
• University of Canberra
14. Wesley
Southport
South Brisbane
Chermside
The Valley Melbourne | Radiation Oncology
Canberra | Medical and Radiation Oncology
Cairns
Gold Coast
ICON CANCER
FOUNDATION HQ
Toowoomba
Townsville
Icon Cancer Centre
Icon Cancer Care
Radiation Oncology Centre
Centralised/Decentralisation of Operations
16. By participating in a clinical trial patients can:
• Potentially have access to new and emerging treatments
that may improve their condition and quality of life
• Have comprehensive medical care and support by a
multidisciplinary team of specialists including nurses,
clinical trial coordinators and data managers
• Help others with similar conditions in the future
21. The Gaps and Challenges:
• Access to Clinical Trials
• Affordability
• Low recruitment rate to trials
• Understanding of the Cancer
Treatment process and CTs
What we are doing:
• Tele-trial model, collaborations,
Phase 1 studies
• Sponsors vs Standard of Care,
Fundraising, Government.
• ClinTrial Refer App, Social Media
• Opportunity
Bringing Cancer Care and Access to Clinical Trials to
Indigenous People and People in Remote Areas
EDUCATION
• Cancer Treatment
• Clinical Trials