This document outlines sources of gaps, types of gaps, and methods for closing gaps in distribution channels. There are two main types of gaps: demand-side gaps when the level of service output does not match what customers demand, and supply-side gaps when the total cost of distributing products through channels is too high. Demand-side gaps can be addressed by offering multiple service levels or adjusting the level of service output. Supply-side gaps can be closed by changing channel roles, investing in new distribution technologies, or introducing new distribution specialists. The document provides a template for conducting a gap analysis on a target-segment specific basis.