- The document discusses guidelines for conducting economic studies and research by the regional offices of Nepal Rastra Bank located outside the Kathmandu Valley. It outlines the nature of data collection, analysis and reporting procedures. - The guidelines aim to provide direction on the type of data and information collected from the regional offices, improve the quality and reliability of research reports, and standardize reporting timelines. - It identifies the districts studied by each regional office and specifies semi-annual and annual economic reports along with timelines for special studies and surveys. Primary and secondary data sources, as well as data collection methods are also discussed.

1. != kl/ro
!=! ljifo k|j]z
g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* sf] bkmf !@ cg';f/ a}+sn] ;dli6ut cy{tGq, ljQLo
ahf/sf] ljsf;, d'b|fk|bfo, d"No l:y/tf, shf{sf] lj:tf/, zf]wgfGt/ tyf ljb]zL ljlgdo
h:tf ljifodf cfk"mn] u/]sf] tYofÍut ljZn]if0fsf] hfgsf/L lgoldt¿kn] ;fj{hlgs¿kdf
k|sfzg / k|;f/0f ug]{ ub{5 . ;fy}, ;f]xL P]gsf] bkmf !) sf] pkbkmf # cg';f/ a}+sn]
cg'/f]w u/]sf] v08df g]kfn ;/sf/, ;fj{hlgs lgsfo tyf lghL If]qn] a}+snfO{ cfly{s
tyf ljQLo ljifodf cfjZos ;"rgf pknAw u/fpg' kg]{ Joj:yf ul/Psf] 5 . o;/L
g]kfn /fi6« a}+s P]g, @)%* n] a}+snfO{ cfly{s tyf ljQLo ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf Pj+
tYofÍ ;Íng u/L ltgsf] ljZn]if0f ;lxtsf] k|ltj]bg ;Dk|]if0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ lhDd]jf/L
lbPsf] 5 . To:t}, g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn] df}lb|s gLlt th'{df tyf sfof{Gjog ug{, ljleGg
cfly{s r/x¿;Fusf] ;DaGw ljZn]if0f ug{ tyf cGt/f{li6«o ;+3 ;:yfx¿nfO{ lgoldt¿kdf
hfgsf/L u/fpgsf] nflu ;d]t jf:tljs If]q;Fu ;DjlGwt tYofÍsf] lgoldt ;Íng tyf
ljZn]if0f ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .
cfly{s tyf ljQLo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf Pj+ tYofÍsf] ljZn]if0faf6 d'n'ssf]
cfly{s ljsf;sf] cfwf/ / :t/sf] hfgsf/L x'g] x'gfn] o;af6 lbuf] cfly{s j[l4 tyf
:yfloTj k|fKt ug{, pko'Qm gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df ug{ tyf o;sf] k|efjsf/L
sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsG5 . cfly{s ultljlwsf] ljZn]if0f, cg'dfg tyf k|If]k0f ug]{ d"n cfwf/
;dod} k|fKt oyfy{ tyf ljZj;gLo ;"rgf tyf tYofÍ g} xf] . pknAw ;"rgf tyf
tYofÍsf] dfWodåf/f cy{tGqsf ljljw If]qdf x'g] kl/jt{gnfO{ ;dod} klxrfg ug{ ;lsg]
x'gfn] pko'Qm ;'emfjx¿ dfkm{t g]kfn ;/sf/sf gLlt tyf sfo{qmdsf] k|efjsfl/tf
clej[l4 ug{ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf] e"ldsf cem lhDd]jf/Lk"0f{ aGb} uPsf] 5 .
!=@ cWoog–cg';Gwfgsf] k[i7e"ld
:yfgLo:t/sf] jf:tljs cfly{s cj:yf tyf ;d:ofx¿ oyfy{k/s 9Ën] cf}+Nofpg
;lsof]; / :yfgLo :t/sf] cfjZostfcg'¿k gLlt tyf sfo{qmd th'{df x'g;sf]; eGg]
p2]Zon] cfly{s ultljlw;Fu ;DalGwt ;"rgf Pj+ tYofÍ ;Íngsf] nflu g]kfn /fi6« a}+sn]
lj=;+= @)@% df a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/ /x]sf zfvf tyf pkzfvf sfof{nox¿df
;Djfbbftf kmfF6sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] lyof] . :yfgLo cfly{s ultljlwx¿sf] hfgsf/L
tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf cg';Gwfg ljefudf ;do–;dodf k7fpg'kg]{ u/L pQm kmfF6sf] sfo{
tf]lsPsf] lyof] . lj=;+= @)#) kl5 d"No tyf zf]wgfGt/ tYofÍsf] ;Íng, k|zf]wg tyf
k|sfzgsf] lhDd]jf/L ;d]t g]kfn /fi6« a}+sdf cfof] . o;}cg'¿k lj=;+= @)#@ df
;Djfbbftf kmfF6nfO{ If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|df kl/0ft ul/of] .
If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|sf] sfo{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug{ lj=;+= @)#@ df sfof{Gjogdf
NofOPsf] sfo{ lgb]{lzsfnfO{ lj=;++ @)#* tyf lj=;+= @)$$ df ;+zf]wg u/L ;do;fk]If
agfOof] . To;kl5sf jif{x¿df klg cfjZostfcg';f/ lgb]{lzsfdf kl/dfh{g x'Fb} cfPsf]
5 . If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|af6 cfly{s ultljlw ;DaGwL cWoog x'g] u/]sf]df lj=;+= @)$(

2. 2
b]lv ;f]sf] ;§f o; a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿df a}+lsË ljsf; tyf cg';Gwfg
PsfOsf] Joj:yf u/L lhNnf:t/df ;f]xL PsfOn] lgoldt¿kdf tyf cg';Gwfg ljefu,
cfly{s ljsf; zfvfn] pkTosfleqsf cfly{s ultljlwx¿sf] tYofÍ ;Íng, k|zf]wg,
k|ltj]bg n]vg nufot ;do–;dodf ljz]if cWoogsf] sfo{;d]t ub}{ cfPsf 5g .
!=# dfu{bz{gsf] p2]Zo
-s_ a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿af6 ;Íng ul/g] tYofÍsf] k|s[lt, tYofÍ
;Íng k|lqmof Pj+ tYofÍ k|zf]wg, ljZn]if0f tyf k|If]k0f ug]{ ljlwsf] af/]df
dfu{lgb]{zg ug]{ .
-v_ a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿af6 tof/ ul/g] cfly{s ultljlw cWoog
tyf ljz]if cWoog nufotsf cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{x?sf] u'0f:t/ clej[l4
ug]{ .
-u_ cWoog–cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgnfO{ u'0f:t/Lo, oyfy{k/s Pj+ ljZj;gLo t'Nofpg] .

3. 3
@= cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{ljlw
@=! cWoog ul/g] ef}uf]lns lhNnfx¿
a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿af6 cfly{s ultljlw cWoog ug]{ k|of]hgsf
nflu lgDgcg';f/ lhNnfx¿ 5gf}6 ul/Psf 5g M
sfof{no cWoog ug'{kg]{ lhNnfx¿
lhNnf
;+Vof
lj/f6gu/
Onfd, emfkf, ;'g;/L, df]/Ë, wgs'6f, ;Kt/L
/ pbok'/
&
hgsk'/ l;/fxf, wg'iff, dxf]Q/L, ;nf{xL / l;Gw'nL %
jL/u~h af/f, k;f{, dsjfgk'/, /f}tx6 / lrtjg %
kf]v/f
sf:sL, :ofªhf, uf]vf{, tgx"F, ndh'Ë, afUn'Ë
/ kj{t
&
l;4fy{gu/ ¿kGb]xL, gjnk/f;L, slknj:t' / kfNkf $
g]kfnu~h afFs], alb{of, bfË / ;'v]{t $
wgu9L s}nfnL, s~rgk'/ / 88]nw'/f #
hDdf #%
gf]6M sf7df08f}+, nlntk'/, etmk'/, sfe|], wflbË / g'jfsf]6 lhNnfsf] cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{
cg';Gwfg ljefu, cfly{s ljsf; zfvfåf/f ;Dkfbg ul/g]5 .
@=@ cWoog–cg';Gwfgsf] k|sf/ tyf k|ltj]bg k7fpg] ;do ;Ldf
cg';Gwfg ljefudf k7fpg'kg]{ k|ltj]bgx?sf] k|sf/ / k|fKt x'g'kg]{ ;do ;Ldf
lgDgfg';f/ lgwf{/0f ul/Psf]] 5 .
qm=;+ cWoog–cg';Gwfgsf] k|sf/
k|ltj]bg k|fKt x'g'kg]{
;do ;Ldf
! cfly{s ultljlw cWoog k|ltj]bg
-s_ cw{jflif{s cfly{s k|ltj]bg
-v_ jflif{s cfly{s k|ltj]bg
kmfu'g d;fGt
ebf} d;fGt
@ jflif{s sfo{of]hgf cGtu{t ul/g] cg';Gwfg
k|ltj]bg
sfo{of]hgfdf pNn]lvt
;do ;dfKt ePsf] kGw|
lbg
# ljz]if÷cfsl:ds cWoog k|ltj]bg cWoog ;dfKt ePsf]
Ps xKtf jf tf]lsPsf]
Dofb leq

4. 4
@=# tYofÍ tyf hfgsf/Lsf] ;|f]t
cfly{s ultljw cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ tYofÍ tyf
hfgsf/L k|fylds tyf låtLo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ePtfklg k|fylds ;|f]tnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg' kg]{5 . k|fylds >f]taf6 ;+sngsf nflu d"ntM :ynut e|d0f, ;e]{If0f
tyf cGt/lqmof ljlw ckgfpg' kg]{5 . a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfsf] xsdf E-mail, Fax tyf
6]lnkmf]gaf6 ljj/0f ;+sng ug'{ kg]{5 .
@=$ cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx?
-s_ ;DalGwt ljifo j:t'sf] cWoog u/L k"j{ hfgsf/L lng'kg]{ .
-v_ :ynut cWoogdf hfFbf tf]lsPsf] Information Source -Joltm÷;+3÷;+:yf_ ;+u
cGt/lqmof (Interaction) u/L tYofÍ÷;"rgf lng] .
-u_ k|fKt tYofÍ÷;"rgfsf] Verification tyf Cross Checking ug]{ sfo{ :ynut
cWoog s} ;dodf ug]{ .
-3_ tYofÍ÷;"rgfsf] Verification tyf Cross Checking ug{ j}slNks >f]tx? ;d]t
k|of]u ug]{ .
@=% cfly{s ultljlw cWoog k|ltj]bg tof/ ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx¿
-s_ k|ltj]bgdf ;dLIff cjlwsf] tYofÍnfO{ cl3Nnf] jif{sf] ;f]xL cjlwsf tYofÍ;Fu
t'ngf u/L ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 . To:t}, tYofÍ ;Íng ubf{ cl3Nnf] cjlwsf] ;+zf]wg
(Revision) eP ;f] ;d]t hgfO{ k|ltj]]bg tof/ ug'{kg]{5 . ljleGg r/x?sf] cfjlws
t'ngf ubf{ cg';Gwfg ljefuåf/f Follow u/]sf] Format df x'g' kg]{5 .
-v_ cfly{s k|ltj]bgsf] ;f/+fz a'‘bfut ?kdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ cWoogsf qmddf b]lvPsf d'Vo d'Vo ;d:ofx? / cfly{s 36gfx?nfO{ a'Fbfut
?kdf ;f/+fzdf g} ;d]6g' kg]{5 .
-3_ s'g} tYof+ssf] k|j[lQ (Trend) df pNn]Vo kl/jt{g -!) k|ltzt jf ;f] eGbf
a9L_ cfPsf] b]lvPdf To;sf] sf/0f klg ;f/+fzdf g} pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
-8_ lhNnfut ¿kdf 5'§f5'§} tYofÍ ;Íng ul/Pklg k|ltj]bgsf cg';"rLx¿df
k|To]s lhNnfsf] 5'l§g] u/L ;dli6ut tYofÍ pNn]v ePsf] x'g'kg]{5 . cWoog
If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfx?sf] PsLs[t ?kdf ljZn]if0f ;lxt k|ltj]bg tof/ ug''{ kg]{5 .
r_ ;dLIff cjlwdf pTkfbg, e"–If]q cflbdf ePsf] kl/jt{gnfO{ k|ltztdf pNn]v
u/L ;f]sf] sf/0f :ki6¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf] x'g' kg]{5 .1
1
pbfx/0fsf] nflu s[lif pTkfbg 36a9 x'g'df g]kfn ;/sf/sf] s[lif;Fu ;DalGwt gLlt tyf sfo{qmd, s[lif
;fdfu|Lsf] k|of]u Pj+ cfk"lt{ l:ylt, s[lif ahf/, s[lif ;8s h:tf s[lif k"jf{wf/x¿sf] cj:yf, cfGtl/s tyf
afXo dfusf] l:ylt, cfGtl/s a;fO{+;/fO{, pkef]Qmfx¿sf] ¿lr Pj+ Jojxf/df cfPsf] kl/jt{g, df};dL cj:yf,
ef/t ;/sf/sf] gLlt, k|fs[lts k|sf]k, /f]uJofwL cflb h:tf kIfx¿ lhDd]jf/ /x]sf x'g ;S5g . To:t},
cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg 36a9 x'g'df dfu jf cfk"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt sf/0fx¿ x'g ;Sb5g . pkef]Qmfsf] cfo, ¿lr,

5. 5
-5_ cw{jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf rfn" cfly{s jif{sf] afFsL cjlwsf] kl/b[Zo (Outlook)
s:tf] x'g] xf] ;f]sf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 eg] jflif{s k|ltj]bgdf cfufdL cfly{s
jif{sf] klxnf] ^ dlxgfsf] kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . pbfx/0fsf nflu jflif{s cfly{s
k|ltj]bg tof/ kfg{ ul/g] cWoogsf] ;dodf dg;"gL jiff{ / wfg /f]kfO{sf] l:ylt
:ki6 e};Sg] x'‘bf To;sf cfwf/df sflt{s–d+;L/df wfgsf] pTkfbgsf] l:ylt s] x'g]
eGg] kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . tYofÍut¿kdf ljZn]if0f ug{ g;lsg] eP
efiffut¿kdf kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-h_ k|ltj]bgdf cfjZostf cg';f/ rf6{, u|fkm, 6]a'n cflbsf] k|of]u ug'{ kg]{5 . d"n
ljZn]if0fdf pNn]v ug{ cfjZos gb]lvPsf tYofÍ tyf ljj/0fx¿ k|ltj]bgsf]
cg';"rLdf /fVg'kg]{5 . k|:t'tLs/0fdf ;DalGwt cg';"rL tyf rf6{, u|fkm, 6]a'n ;+Vof
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . k|ltj]bgdf tYofÍ tyf ;"rgfsf] ;|f]t :ki6¿kdf pNn]v ul/Psf]
x'g' kg]{5 .
-em_ cfjZos ljj/0fx¿ dfq pNn]v u/L k|ltj]bgnfO{ ;fgf] / 5l/tf] agfpg'
kg]{5 . k|ltj]bg ljZn]if0ffTds tyf ;"rgfd"ns x'g' kg]{5 .
-`_ tflnsfsf] tYofÍ Times New Roman Font / !) Font Size df x'g'kg]{ . t/,
g]kfnL Text / Text leqsf tflnsf eg] Preeti Font / !$ Font Size df x'g'kg]{ .
km]zg, d"No j[l4 tyf o;sf sf/0f, csf]{ j:t' jf cfofltt j:t'af6 k|lt:yflkt j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ cflb dfu;Fu
;DjlGwt sf/0fx¿ x'g eg] sRrf kbfy{, Hofnfb/, s/, ljlgdob/, OGwg, cfk"lt{df cj/f]w, pBf]usf] Ifdtf,
lj1fkgsf] k|efj, >lds ;d:of, pBf]u ;~rfngdf x:tIf]k, j:t'sf] u'0f:t/ cflb cfk"lt{;Fu ;DalGwt 5g .

6. 6
#= cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s cfly{s k|ltj]bgsf] ljifoj:t' / 9f‘rf
#=! k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{ ljifoj:t'
efu -!_
#=!=! s[lif If]q
-s_ s[lif If]q cGtu{t tf]lsPsf lhNnfx¿sf] s[lif pkhn] 9fs]sf] e"–If]q, s[lif
pTkfbg, l;+rfO tyf df};dL l:ylt, kz'÷k+IfL÷df5f pTkfbg, If]qut nufgL l:ylt,
kl/b[Zo (Outlook) h:tf kIfx¿ ;d]6g' kg]{5 .2
-v_ pk/f]Qm tYofÍ tyf ljj/0fx¿ tf]lsPsf lhNnfx¿sf] :ynut e|d0f u/L
tflnsf ! b]lv # ;Ddsf] 9fFrfdf k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug'{kg]{5 .
#=!=!=! s[lif pkhn] 9fs]sf] e"–If]q
vfB tyf cGo jfnL, t/sf/L tyf afuafgL, kmnkm"n tyf d;nf cflb jfnLx¿n]
9fs]sf] e"–If]q pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . tYofÍ tflnsf ! df pNn]v ePsf] 9f‘rfdf k|:t't ug'{
kg]{5 .
#=!=!=@ s[lif pTkfbg
s[lif pTkfbg cGtu{t vfB tyf cGo jfnL, t/sf/L tyf afuafgL, kmnkm"n tyf
d;nf cflb jfnLx?sf] pTkfbg pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, kz'hGo pTkfbg, df5f tyf
jghGo pTkfbg ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . tYofÍ tflnsf @ / # df pNn]v ePsf] 9f‘rfdf
tYofË k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 .
-s_ vfB tyf cGo jfnL cGtu{t wfg, ds}, ux'F, sf]bf]÷hf}+, cfn', pv', h'6, ;'tL{,
e6df;, kmfk/, bnxg tyf u]8fu'8L -/x/, d';'/f], df;, d:ofË, rgf, s]/fp cflb_
tyf t]nxg kb{5g .
-v_ t/sf/L tyf afuafgL cGtu{t xl/of] ;fukft, sfpnL, uf]ne]+8f, d'nf, eG6f,
nf}sf, l3/f}+nf, :s";, sfFqmf], km;L{, s]/fp cflb kb{5g .
-u_ kmnk"mn tyf d;nf cGtu{t cfFk, ;'Gtnf, s]/f, :ofp, cb'jf, n;'g, Kofh,
a];f/, v';f{gL, cn}+rL, lrof, skmL tyf cGo kmnkm"n h:tf s[lif jfnLx¿ kb{5g .
-3_ s'g} gofF s[lif jfnL nufOPsf] jf nufOg] ;Defjgf eP jf s'g} s[lif jfnLn]
csf]{ s'g} s[lif jfnLnfO{ k|lt:yfkg (Substitution) ul//x]sf] eP ;f] ;DaGwL ljj/0f
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
2
pk/f]Qm tYofÍ d"ntM lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf kz' sfof{no, dT:o ljsf; s]Gb|, jg ljefu
cflbaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . t/, cfjZos tYof+s k|fKt ug{ g;lsPsf] tyf afnL leqfO g;s]sf] cj:yfdf
s[ifsx¿ tyf ;DalGwt s[lif lj1x¿af6 cfjZos hfgsf/L k|fKt u/L cg'dflgt pTkfbg;DjGwL ;+lIfKt
ljj/0f k7fpg' kg]{5 . h:t} M— cw{jflif{s tYofÍ ;Íng ug]{ ;dodf ux'Fsf] pTkfbg;DaGwL ljj/0f k|fKt
eO;s]sf] x'Fb}g . o:tf] cj:yfdf dflysf] ljlw cjnDag ug{ ;lsG5 .

7. 7
-ª_ kz'kfng cGtu{t kz'k+IfLaf6 ePsf] pTkfbg h:t} b"w, df;', c08f, pmg, 5fnf
tyf xf8 / df5fsf] pTkfbg pNn]v ug'{' kg]{5 .
#=!=!=# l;FrfO tyf df};dL l:ylt
s[lif pTkfbg / pTkfbgb/ d'Vo?kdf l;FrfO ;'ljwfdf ePsf] lj:tf/ / df};dL
cj:yfdf lge{/ x'g] x'Fbf ef}uf]lns If]qsf] l;+rfOsf] ;du| cj:yf, jiff{sf] l:ylt, jf9L,
klx/f], zLtnx/ Pj+ v8]/Lsf] cj:yf tyf To;n] s[lif pkhdf kf/]sf] jf kfg{;Sg] k|efj
cflbsf] af/] ljZn]if0f ug'{ kg]{5 .3
l;FrfO ;'ljwfdf ePsf] lj:tf/ ;DjGwL tYofÍ tflnsf
$ sf] 9f‘rfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=!=$ If]qut s[lif nufgL l:ylt
nufgLn] klg s[lif If]qsf] pTkfbgnfO{ c;/ kfb{5 . To;sf/0f, jfnL÷jfnL ;]jf,
lrof, lrgL, kz'kfng÷kz'kfng ;]jf cflb If]qdf ePsf] nufgL l:ylt k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 . tYofÍ tflnsf % cg';f/sf] 9f‘rfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=!=% s[lif pTkfbgsf] kl/b[Zo (Outlook)
k|fKt pTkfbg tYofË, df};dL l:ylt tyf v]tL l:yltsf] cfwf/df cfufdL lbgdf b]vf
kg{ ;Sg] vfB tyf cGo jfnL, t/sf/L tyf afuafgL, kmnkm"n tyf d;nf cflb
jfnLx?sf] pTkfbgsf] kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . ;fy}, kz'hGo pTkfbg, df5f tyf
jghGo pTkfbgsf] ;d]t kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=@ pBf]u If]q
pBf]u If]q cGtu{t pBf]usf] k|sf/ tyf ;+Vof -yk36_, k|d'v pBf]ux¿sf] Ifdtf
pkof]u, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/ cj:yf, If]qut cf}Bf]lus nufgL l:ylt, cf}Bf]lus
pTkfbg kl/b[Zo h:tf kIfx? ;d]6g' kg]{5 .
#=!=@=! pBf]usf] k|sf/ tyf ;+Vof
k|ltj]bgdf pBf]usf] k|sf/ tyf ;+Vofsf] ljj/0f pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . gofF k|s[ltsf
pBf]ux¿ yk ePdf jf eO/x]sf pBf]ux¿sf] Ifdtf lj:tf/ ePdf jf ePsf pBf]ux¿
qmdzM aGb x'Fb} uPdf ;f] ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;d]t k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=@=@ k|d'v pBf]ux¿sf] Ifdtf pkof]u / pTkfbg l:ylt
-s_ cy{tGqdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ul//x]sf cg';"rL @ df pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus j:t'x?
pTkfbg ug]{ cg';"rL ! cg';f/sf k|d'v pBf]ux¿sf] Ifdtf pkof]u ;DaGwL ljj/0f
cg';"rL # cg';f/ ;+sng u/L tflnsf ^ / & sf] 9f‘rfdf k|ltj]bgdf ;dfj]z ug'{
kg]{5 .
3
l;FrfO{ ;DaGwL tYofÍ lhNnf l;FrfO{ sfof{no, lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, l;+rfO{ kl/of]hgf tyf cGo ;DalGwt
JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 . df};d;DaGwL tYofÍ tyf ljj/0f ;DalGwt ef}uf]lns If]qsf]
df};d tyf hnjfo' lj1fg sfof{no -df};d cjnf]sg s]Gb| tyf If]qLo df};d sfof{no_ af6 k|fKt ug{
;lsg]5 .

8. 8
-v_ k|To]s pBf]u ;d"xsf] Ifdtf pkof]u lgsfNbf pQm pBf]u ;d"xdf /x]sf
pBf]ux?sf] rfn' cfly{s jif{sf] 5 dlxgfsf] s'n oyfy{ (Total Actual Output) nfO{
;f]xL cjlwsf] s'n pTkfbg Ifdtf (Total Production Capacity) n] efu u/L ;on]
u'0fg ug'{kg]{5 .
-u_ Pp6} pBf]u ;d"xdf /x]sf pBf]ux?sf] oyfy{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg Ifdtf
;DjGwL tYof+s pxL OsfOdf x'g'k5{ . pbfx/0fsf] nflu, s]a'n tyf tf/ pTkfbg ug]{
pBf]ux?sf] oyfy{ pTkfbg tyf pTkfbg Ifdtf ;DjGwL tYof+s SjfOn jf d]l6«s
6gdf xg' kb{5 .
#=!=@=# cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/
ljut / jt{dfgsf] cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/ cj:yf af/]df hfgsf/L lb+b} cfufdL
lbgdf ahf/sf] cj:yf s] x'g] eGg] af/]df kl/b[Zo ;d]t pNn]v ug{' kg]{5 .
#=!=@=$ If]qut cf}Bf]lus nufgL l:ylt
nufgLsf] :t/n] cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] pTkfbgnfO{ c;/ kfb{5 . To;sf/0f, vfgL,
pTkfbg, lgdf{0f h:tf pBf]udf ePsf] nufgL l:ylt k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;sf]
nflu tflnsf * cg';f/sf] tYofË k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=@=% cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg kl/b[Zo (Outlook)
cy{tGqdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg ul//x]sf cg';"rL ! df pNn]lvt cf}Bf]lus j:t'x?sf]
pTkfbg kl/b[Zo pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=# ;]jf If]q
;]jf If]q cGtu{t ko{6g pBf]u / 3/hUuf tyf l/on:6]6;‘u ;DalGwt s'/fx?
;d]6g' kg]{5 .
#=!=#=! ko{6g pBf]u
ko{6g cfudg -ef/t, t];|f] d'n's / s'n_ ;+Vof, xf]6]n tyf z}of ;+Vof, ko{6sLo
:yn tyf cGo k"jf{wf/ ljsf; / ko{6g If]qdf nufgL l:ylt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;
k|sf/sf hfgsf/L d"ntM ;DalGwt xf]6n tyf nh, cWofudg sfof{no, ko{6g ;"rgf s]Gb|

9. 9
tyf :yfgLo Joj;foLx¿af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tYofÍ tflnsf ( cg';f/sf] 9f‘rfdf
k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=#=@ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f, 3/hUuf tyf l/on:6]6
3/hUuf /lhi6«]zg ;+Vof, /fh:j, 3/÷ejg gS;f kf; l:ylt / d"No l:ylt pVn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/sf hfgsf/L lhNnf dfnkf]t sfof{no, pk–dxfgu/kflnsf,
gu/kflnsf / 3/hUufsf] sf/f]af/ ug]{ JolQmaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5 . tYofÍ tflnsf !)
cg';f/sf] 9f‘rfdf k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
#=!=#=# ljQLo ;]jf
a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?n] k|bfg ug]{ ljQLo ;]jfsf] l:ylt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o;
k|sf/sf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
#=!=#=$ oftfoft tyf ;+rf/
btf{ ePsf oftfoftsf] ;fwgsf] ;+Vof, sRrL÷kSsL ;8ssf] nDafO{, a9L k|of]u x'g]
;fj{hlgs oftfoftsf ;fwg, ljt/0f ePsf 6]lnkmf]g ;+Vof tyf u'0f:t/ cflbsf] af/]df
pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o; k|sf/sf] hfgsf/L lhNnf oftfoft sfof{no, ;8s ljefu÷sfof{no
oftfoft Joj;foL ;+3, ;DalGwt b"/;+rf/ sfof{no, pkef]Qmf cflbaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] 5
.
#=!=#=% lzIff tyf :jf:Yo
;fj{hlgs tyf lghL If]qn] k|bfg ug]{ lzIff tyf :jf:Yo ;]jfsf] l:ylt pNn]v ug'{
kg]{5 . o; k|sf/sf] hfgsf/L lhNnf lzIff sfof{no, lghL ljBfno cu{gfO{h]zg, ljleGg
SofDk;, lhNnf tyf If]qLo :jf:Yo sfof{no, k|fOe]6 xl:k6n÷lSnlgs cflbaf6 k|fKt ug{
;lsg]5 .
efu -@_
o; efudf ;d;fdlos ljifosf] ;+lIfKt cWoog ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 . cfkmgf] If]qsf]
3/hUuf sf/f]af/ l:ylt, ko{6s cfudg l:ylt, ljk|]if0f cfk|jfx l:ylt, Cross Border af6
wfg–rfdn cfoft tyf lgof{tsf] l:ylt, Joj;flos l:ylt, kz'kfng l:ylt cflb h:tf
ljifo dWo]sf d'Vo–d'Vo ljifosf] cWoog jf s'g} gof+ pBf]usf] Profile tyf of]ubfg cflb
;dfj]z ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;sf nflu pko'Qmtfcg';f/ ljz]if cWoogsf] Format sf]
;fGble{s Joj:yf cg'z/0f ug'{ kg]{5 .
efu -#_
cfˆgf] sfo{If]qsf lhNnfx¿sf] cfly{s tyf ljQLo kl/;"rsx? h:t} a}+}+s tyf ljQLo
;+:yfsf] ;+Vof, lgIf]k /sd, lgIf]kstf{sf] ;+Vof, shf{ /sd, shf{ lng]sf] ;+Vof / ATM
;+Vof cflb / cGo cfly{s–;fdflhs kl/;"rsx?sf] cBfjlws ljj/0f ;dfj]z ug'{ kg]{5 .
To;}u/L ;DalGwt sfof{noåf/f ;Dkflbt k|d'v sfo{sf] hfgsf/L klg o;df k|:t't ug'{
kg]{5 .

10. 10
#=@ k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf
cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s k|ltj]bg lgDg cg';f/sf] 9fFrfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 M
cu| k[i7
ljifo;"rL
;f/f+z -a'Fbfut ?kdf_
efu -!_
kl/R5]b ! s[lif If]q
!=! s[lif pkhn] 9fs]sf] e"–If]q
!=@ s[lif pTkfbg
!=# l;FrfO tyf df};dL l:ylt
!=$ If]qut s[lif nufgL l:ylt
!=% s[lif pTkfbgsf] kl/b[Zo
kl/R5]b @ cf}Bf]lus If]q
@=! pBf]usf] k|sf/ tyf ;+Vof
@=@ k|d'v pBf]ux¿sf] Ifdtf pkof]u
@=# cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] ahf/
@=$ If]qut cf}Bf]lus nufgL l:ylt
@=% cf}Bf]lus pTkfbg kl/b[Zo
kl/R5]b # ;]jf If]q
#=! ko{6g pBf]u
#=@ ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0f, 3/hUuf tyf l/on:6]6
#=# ljQLo ;]jf
#=$ oftfoft tyf ;+rf/
#=% lzIff tyf :jf:Yo
kl/R5]b $ ;d:of tyf ;'emfjx¿
$=! s[lif If]q
$=@ pBf]u If]q
$=# ;]jf If]q
$=$ k"jf{wf/ If]q
$=% a}+lsË, ;/sf/L /fh:j tyf vr{ / j}b]lzs Jofkf/
efu -@_
;d;fdlos ljifosf] ;+lIfKt cWoog -ljz]if cWoogsf] Format cg';f/_
efu -#_
cfly{s tyf ljQLo kl/;"rsx? tyf ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] sfdsf] hfgsf/L
cg';"rL tyf
tflnsfx¿

11. 11
#=# tYofÍ k|:t'lt tyf ljZn]if0f
-s_ tYofÍ k|:t't ubf{ ut cjlwsf] tYofÍ / ;dLIff cjlwsf] tYofÍ k|:t't u/L
j[l4b/ jf kl/jt{g (Growth rate or Change) pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 / 36a9 ePsf] jf
oyfl:yltdf /xg'sf] sf/0f v'nfpg' kg]{5 .
-v_ cfjlws tYofÍx?sf] t'ngf ubf{ cg';Gwfg ljefuåf/f k|sflzt ul/g] æb]zsf]
jt{dfg cfly{s l:yltÆ / cGo k|sfzg tyf g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{dqfnoåf/f k|sflzt
ul/g] cfly{s ;j]{If0fsf] 9f‘rfnfO{ cg'z/0f ug'{kg]{5 .
#=$ k|If]k0f / k|If]k0fsf cfwf/x¿
ljleGg If]qsf tYofÍaf6 xfnsf] cj:yf / ljutsf] cj:yfsf] t'ngfdf ;dLIff
cjlwdf x'g uPsf] k|ultsf] l:ylt hfgsf/L x'G5 . df}lb|s gLltsf] ;fy} cGo cfly{s
gLltsf] th'{df / sfof{Gjogsf nflu cfufdL lbgdf b]vf kg{ ;Sg] kl/b[Zo yfxf kfpg'
cfjZos x'g] ePsf]n] ljut / jt{dfgsf] tYofÍ tyf cfufdL kl/b[ZonfO{ k'i6L ug]{
pknAw ePsf hfgsf/Lsf cfwf/x?df ;DjlGwt r/x?sf] k|If]k0f ug'{kg]{5 / k|If]k0f ubf{
lnPsf cfwf/x? :ki6?kdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 .
#=% ;d:of tyf ;'emfjx¿
o; cGtu{t s[lif, pBf]u, ;]jf, ef}lts tyf ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/ nufot df}lb|s, d"No,
;LdfjtL{ Jofkf/ cflb h:tf If]qx¿sf ljBdfg ;d:of, ;d:of ;dfwfgsf pkfo,
;Defjgf tyf r'gf}tLx¿ aF'bfut¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
s[lif
s[lif cGt{utsf ljleGg If]qx¿ h:t} l;+rfO, dn, jLp–ljhg, s[lif pkhsf] d"No,
kz'bfgf, s[lif shf{, zLt e08f/, s[lif ahf/, s[lif ;8s nufot cGo s[lif k"jf{wf/
cflbsf ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfo, ;Defjgf tyf r'gf}tLx¿ pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .4
pBf]u
-s_ pBf]u If]qsf ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿, ;Defjgf tyf r'gf}tLx¿ ;DalGwt
pBf]uL Pj+ Joj;foL, pBf]u jfl0fHo ;+3÷;Ë7g, pBf]u Joj;fosf af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg]
k|fWofks, j'l4lhjL tyf cGo Joj;flos (Professional) JolQmx¿;Fusf] 5nkmn tyf
cGt/lqmofaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-v_ ;Defljt pBf]ux¿, cf}Bf]lus pTkfbgsf] :yfgLo ahf/, lgof{tsf] l:ylt Pj+
;Defjgf, cf}Bf]lus sRrf kbfy{, k"FhL, >d Pj+ OGwgsf] cfk"lt{ cj:yf, cf}Bf]lus
k|lti7fgx¿sf] Ifdtf Pj+ Ifdtf pkof]u, >lds Joj:yfkgsf] cj:yf, pTkflbt j:t'sf]
u'0f:t/, k|lt:kwf{sf] l:ylt, cf}wf]lus shf{sf] cj:yf cflbaf/] a'Fbfut¿kdf hfgsf/L lnO{
k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
4
o; ;DaGwL ;"rgf tyf hfgsf/L ;DalGwt lhNnf s[lif ljsf; sfof{no, lhNnf l;+rfO sfof{no, lhNnf kz'
sfof{no, s[lif ;fdu|L sDkgL lnld6]8, /fli6«o jLpmljhg sDkgL lnld6]8, s[ifs, s[lif Joj;foL, s[lif ljz]if1
jf s[lif If]qdf sfo{/t JolQmx¿;Fu 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof u/L k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

12. 12
-u_ vf;–vf; pBf]u Pj+ ;du| cf}Bf]lus If]qsf] ;d:of klxrfg tyf lg/fs/0fsf pkfo
klxNofpgsf nflu cWoogstf{ :jo+n] /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s 36gfqmd, gLlt
lgodsfaf/]df oy]i6 hfgsf/L /fvL ;f] ;DaGwdf k|Zgx¿ l6kf]6 u/L ;DalGwt pBf]uL,
Joj;foL Pj+ hfgsf/ JolQmx¿af6 pQ/ k|fKt ug'{ kg]{5 .
;]jf
o; If]qcGtu{t kg]{ ko{6g, Jofkf/, oftfoft ;~rf/, ljQ tyf 3/hUuf sf/f]jf/,
;fd'bflos tyf ;fdflhs ;]jf, lzIff, :jf:Yo, xf]6n tyf /]i6'/fF cflb If]qsf ;d:of,
;dfwfgsf pkfo, ;Defjgf tyf r'gf}tLx¿ pNn]v x'g'kg]{5 .5
k"jf{wf/
k"jf{wf/ -cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cfwf/zLnf_ ;DaGwL ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfox¿,
r'gf}tL tyf ;Defjgf ;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfx¿ h:t}M ;/sf/L
sfof{no, :yfgLo lgsfo, bftf lgsfo tyf :yfgLo hgtfaf6 k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
a}+lsË ;/sf/L /fh:j tyf vr{ / j}b]lzs Jofkf/
o; cGt{ut df}lb|s If]q, ;/sf/L /fh:j tyf vr{, cGt/f{li6«o Jofkf/ cflb If]q;Fu
;DalGwt ljBdfg ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfo, ;Defjgf / efjL r'gf}tLx¿ ;DaGwdf
hfgsf/L xfl;n ug'{ kg]{5 .6
5
o;sf] nflu ;DalGwt If]qsf JolQm tyf ;+:yfx¿ h:t} M— ko{6g tyf xf]6n Joj;foL, Jofkf/L, oftfoft
Joj;foL, a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, 3/hUuf bnfn, lhNnf lzIff tyf :jf:Yo sfof{no, lhNnf k|zf;g sfof{no,
lhNnf ljsf; ;ldlt, gu/kflnsf cflb;Fusf] 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmofaf6 hfgsf/L] k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .
To:tf] hfgsf/L ;DalGwt a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yf, eG;f/ sfof{no, s/ sfof{no, sf]if tyf n]vf lgoGq0f
sfof{no, pBf]uL tyf Jofkf/L, pBf]u tyf jfl0fHo ;+3/;Ë7g tyf cGo ;/f]sf/jfnfx¿jf6
k|fKt ug{ ;lsg]5 .

13. 13
$= ljz]if cWoog
$=! kl/ro
pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿n] cfˆgf] sfo{If]qleq kg]{ lhNnfx¿sf] s[lif, pBf]u,
;]jf nufot b]zsf] cy{tGqdf k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] cGo cfly{s tyf ljQLo If]q;Fu ;DalGwt
ljifox¿dWo] ;d;fdlos s'g} Ps ljifodf cg';GwfgfTds cWoog u/L cg';Gwfg
ljefudf k|ltj]bg k]z ug'{kg]{5 . pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿af6 ul/g] o:tf
cWoogx¿sf] ;dGjo cg';Gwfg ljefusf] cfly{s ljsf; zfvfn] ug]{5 .
$=@ cWoog k|:tfj
ljz]if cWoog k|of]hgsf nflu a}+ssf pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿n] cfk"mn]
cWoog ug{ rfx]sf] cWoog k|:tfjx¿ cg';Gwfg ljefusf] cfly{s ljsf; zfvfdf k7fpg'
kg{]5 . k|fKt cWoog k|:tfjx¿ cfly{s ljsf; zfvfn] cWoog u/L cfjZos ;'emfj;lxt
!% lbg leq ;DalGwt sfof{nodf k7fpg]5 . sfof{nosf] o:tf] ;'emfj k|fKt ePkl5
k|:tfjnfO{ kl/dfh{g u/L cg';Gwfg ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 . cg';Gwfg ljefun] k|fKt
kl/dflh{t k|:tfj cWoog u/L pko'Qm b]lvPdf sfof{Gjog ug{ l;kmfl/; ug{]5 .
cWoog k|:tfjdf cWoogsf] p2]Zo, dxTj Pj+ cf}lrTo, cWoog ljlw, cWoogsf
;Ldfx¿, cWoogsf nflu cfjZos hgzlQm, ah]6 / sfo{lbg ;dfj]z x'g'kg]{5 .
cWoogsf nflu cfjZos ah]6 cg'dfg ubf{ hgzlQm Joj:yfkg ljefuåf/f hf/L ePsf
e|d0f tyf b}lgs eQf;DaGwL kl/kq / a}+ssf] vr{ lgb]{lzsfnfO{ cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
cWoog ug]{ ljifoj:t' 5gf}6 ubf{ lgDg s'/fx¿ Vofn ug'{ kg]{5 M
-s_ cWoog ug]{ nfluPsf] ljifoj:t' ;d;fdlos x'g'kg]{,
-v_ pknAw hgzlQm / ;|f]t–;fwgaf6 ;doleq ;DkGg ug{ ;lsg] x'g'kg]{,
-u_ cGo sfof{nox¿n] ug{ nfu]sf] jf ;DkGg u/]sf] cWoog;Fu bf]xf]/f] kg{ gx'g] .
$=# cWoog sfo{ljlw
cWoog–cg';Gwfg k|:tfj :jLs[t ePkl5 lgDg cfwf/df cWoog ug'{ kg]{5 M—
-s_ pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿n] cWoog;Fu ;DjlGwt k|ZgfjnL tof/ u/L
cg';Gwfg ljefudf k7fpg' kg]{5 . k|ZgfjnL cWoog u/L /fo ;'emfj lbg' kg]{ b]lvP
k|ZgfjnL k|fKt ePsf] ldltn] !% sfo{ lbgleq ljefun] To:tf] /fo ;'emfj k|bfg
ug]{5 .
-v_ k|ZgfjnL cg'df]bg ePkl5 jf:tljs tYofÍ ;Íng ug'{cl3 k/LIf0f (Pilot
Test) ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ cWoog–cg';Gwfgdf tf]lsP jdf]lhdsf] ;do ;Ldfleq cfjZos tYofÍ tyf
ljj/0f ;Íng ug{' kg]{5 .

14. 14
-3_ ;Ílnt tYofÍ tyf ljj/0fnfO{ ;Dkfbg tyf tflnsLs/0f u/L ul0ftLo tyf
tYofÍLo ljlw k|of]u u/L k|ltj]bgsf] k|f/lDes vfsf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
-ª_ sfof{nosf d'Vo Joj:yfks / cg';Gwfg PsfOsf clws[t tyf sd{rf/LaLr
5nkmn u/L k|ltj]bgsf] clGtd d:of}bf tof/ u/L cg';Gwfg ljefudf k]z ug'{
kg]{5 . cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 s'g} Joxf]/f yk36 jf kl/dfh{g ug{ ;'emfj k|fKt ePdf
;f] cg'?k u/L clGtd k|ltj]bg tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
$=$ cWoog k|ltj]bgsf] 9fFrf
ljz]if cWoog k|ltj]bg lgDgfg';f/sf] 9f‘rfdf tof/ ug'{ kg]{5 .
zLif{ k[i7
ljifo;"rL
tflnsf ;"rL
sfo{sf/L ;f/f+z
kl/R5]b M ! kl/ro (Introduction)
cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld
cWoogsf] p2]Zo
cWoogsf] cfjZostf÷dxTj
cWoogsf ;Ldfx¿
kl/R5]b M @ s[lt ;dLIff (Literature Review)
kl/R5]b M # cg';Gwfg ljlw (Research Methodology)
kl/R5]b M $ tYofÍ k|:t'tLs/0f tyf ljZn]if0f (Data Presentation & Analysis)
kl/R5]b M % lgisif{ tyf ;'emfa (Conclusions and Recommendations)
cg';"rL
;Gbe{ ;fdfu|L
kl/R5]b — ! kl/ro (Introduction)
-s_ cWoogsf] k[i7e"ld
k|ltj]bgdf ;j{k|yd cWoog ul/g] ef}uf]lns If]qsf] cfly{s tyf ;fdflhs cj:yfsf
af/]df ;+lIfKt kl/ro n]Vg' kg]{5 . cWoog If]qsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:ylt, s'n hg;+Vof
nufot ;fdflhs cfl{y{s k"jf{wf/af/] ;+lIfKt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . o; cGt{ut 5gf}6
ul/Psf] ljifoj:t'sf] cj:yfsf] af/]df klg ;+lIfKt¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

15. 15
-v_ cWoogsf] p2]Zo
k|ltj]bgdf cWoogsf] p2]Zo :ki6 tyf a'Fbfut ¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . p2]Zox¿
Pscfk;df aflemg], j[xt Pj+ c:ki6 x'g'x'Fb}g . cWoogsf] p2]Zo lglZrt, dfkgof]Uo,
k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] / e/kbf]{ x'g'kg]{5 .
-u_ cWoogsf] cfjZostf÷dxTj
o; v08df cWoogsf] nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf] ljifoj:t' lsg k|:tfj ul/Psf] xf],
k|:tfljt cWoogjf6 ;'Id tyf a[xt¿kdf s]–s:tf kmfObfx¿ k|fKt ug{ ;lsG5 eGg]
;DaGwdf rrf{ ug'{kg]{5 .
-3_ cWoogsf ;Ldfx¿
o; v08df cWoogn] ;d]6g g;s]sf kIfx¿ h:t}— ;do ;Ldf, hgzlQm, sfo{If]q
cflb pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . To:t} cWoogjf6 k|fKt lgisif{ /fli6«o :t/sf] gLlt lgdf{0fsf]
nflu ;fdfGoLs/0f ug{ ;lsG5 ls ;ls+b}g ;f] ;DaGwdf klg pNn]v x'g' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b — @ s[lt ;dLIff (Literature Review)
k|ltj]bgdf k|:tfljt cWoogsf] ljifoj:t'sf ;DaGwdf ;}4flGts¿kn] k|sfz
kfl/Psf k':ts tyf o;cl3 :yfgLo, /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«o :t/df ePsf cWoogx¿df
pNn]v ePdf s'/fx? k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . cl3sf cWoogx¿n] /fv]sf d"ne"t p2]Zox¿,
dfGotfx¿ k|of]u ePsf] cWoog ljlw, cWoog÷cg';Gwfgsf] lgisif{ tyf ;'emfjx¿sf] d"n
c+z pNn]v u/L k|:tfljt cWoog s], s;/L km/s 5 egL :ki6¿kdf o; efudf pNn]v
ug'{ kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b — # cg';Gwfg ljlw (Research Methodology)
-s_ s'g} klg cg';GwfgfTds cWoog k|f/De ubf{ ;j{k|yd cWoogsf] ljifoj:t';Fu
;DalGwt ;"rgf tyf cfFs8f (Data) ;Íng ug'{ kg]{5 . o;/L ;Íng ul/g] ;"rgf Pj+
cfFs8f To;If]q jf ;d"xsf] ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vof (Population) jf6 lng] xf] jf gd"gf -
Sampling_ sf cfwf/df lng] xf] o;af/] :ki6 pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . gd"gf (Sampling) 5gf}6
ug{ Random/Stratified/Cluster/Purposive/Mixed cflbdWo] s'g ljlw k|of]u ul/g] xf] /
;f] ljlw ckgfpg'sf] sf/0f s] xf] ;f]sf] cf}lrTo ;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 . gd"gf (Sample)
5gf}6 ubf{ a9LeGbf a9L hg;+Vof -Population_ sf] k|ltlglwTj x'g] u/L ug'{ kg]{5 . gd"gf
-Sample_ df k/]sf JolQm, ;d"x jf If]qaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;"rgf Pj+ tYofÍaf6 cWoogsf]
p2]Zo xfl;n x'g]÷gx'g]af/] ljz]if Wofg k'¥ofpg' kg]{5 . ;"rgf Pj+ cfFs8f ;Íng ubf{
k|fylds (Primary) jf låtLo (Secondary) jf b'j}dWo] s'g–s'g ;|f]t k|of]u ul/g] xf] ;f]sf]
cf}lrTo ;lxt pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-v_ cfjZos ;"rgf Pj+ cfFs8f ;Íng ubf{ a9L eGbf a9L k|fylds ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng
ug'{kg]{ / cfjZostfcg';f/ låtLo ;|f]taf6 ;d]t tYofÍ lng' kg]{5 . k|fylds ;|f]t
cGtu{t k|ZGffjnL (Questionnaire), cjnf]sg (Observation), ;fd"lxs 5nkmn (Focus
group discussion), cflb h:tf Ps jf cfjZostf cg';f/ PseGbf a9L ljlw k|of]u ug{
;lsg] 5 . k|fylds ;|f]taf6 ;"rgf Pj+ cfFs8f ;Íngsf nflu 5gf}6 ul/Psf ljlw lsg

16. 16
5gf}6 ul/Psf] xf] / o;af6 cWoogsf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ s;/L ;xof]u k'Ug]5 eGg]af/]
;d]t pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .
-u_ k|ZgfjnL lgdf{0f ubf{ k|ZgfjnLdf ;dfj]z ul/Psf k|Zgx¿af6 cWoogn] vf]h]sf
pQ/ k|fKt x'G5÷x'Fb}g eGg] lgSof]{n ug{ Questionnaire Test (Pilot Survey) ;d]t ug'{
kg]{5 . k|ZgfjnLdf pQ/bftfnfO{ s'g} ;Ldfdf g/fvL k|Zgsf] af/] :jtGqtfk"j{s pQ/ lbg]
-Open-end) jf pQ/bftfnfO{ s]xL ;DefJo pQ/dWo] s'g} Ps jf cfjZostfcg';f/
PseGbf a9L pQ/ 5fGg lbg] -Close-end) Joj:yf ug{ ;lsg]5 .
-3_ k|:t't ul/Psf]÷ul/g] tYofÍ s'g ldltb]lv s'g ldlt;Ddsf] (Time series) xf] jf s'g}
vf; ;dosf] (Cross-sectional) xf] eGg]af/] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v ug'{kg]{5 / ;f]sf]
cf}lrTo;d]t cWoogdf k'li6 ug{' kg]{5 .
kl/R5]b — $ tYofÍ k|:t'tLs/0f tyf ljZn]if0f (Data Presentation & Analysis)
k|fylds tyf låtLo ;|f]taf6 k|fKt tYofÍx¿nfO{ juL{s/0f, ;Dkfbg tyf sf]l8Ë
ul/;s]kl5 tflnsLs/0f ug'[{ kg]{5 . tflnsLs/0f ubf{ tYofÍsf] k|s[ltsf] cfwf/df pko'Qm
tflnsf, rf6{, u|fkm cflbdf k|:t't ug'{ kg]{5 . k|:t't ul/Psf tYofÍx¿sf] ljZn]if0fljgf
lgisif{ lgsfNg g;lsg] cyf{t p2]Zo;d]t k"lt{ gx'g] x'Fbf ltgLx¿sf] plrt ljZn]if0f ug'{
kb{5 .
;fªlVos ljlwåf/f tYofÍ(Data)sf] k|:t't÷ljj]rgf ubf{ cfjZostfcg';f/
k|ltztdf, k|ltzt kl/jt{g -j[l4b/_, cf};t, Standard deviation, Correlation,
Regression, Hypothesis testing h:tf tYofÍLo ljlwx¿sf] k|of]u ug ;lsg]5 .
kl/R5]b —% lgisif{ tyf ;'emfa (Conclusions and Recommendations)
cWoogn] b]vfPsf k|d'v s'/fx?nfO{ pNn]v ub}{ a'Fbfut¿kdf lgisif{ k|:t't ug'{
kg]{5 . cWoogsf] Findings / lgisif{x¿sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm k|sf/sf ;'emfax¿nfO{
a'Fbfut¿kdf pNn]v ug'{ kg]{5 .

17. 17
%= sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg tyf cg'udg
%=! cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L
pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{noaf6 ul/g] cfly{s ultljlw cWoognufot cGo
ljifox¿sf] cWoog ;DaGwdf lgDgcg';f/sf clwsf/ tyf lhDd]jf/L /xg]5 M
-s_ tf]lsPsf] cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s cfly{s ultljlw cWoog tyf ljz]if cWoognufot
cGo ;j]{If0f tyf cWoog ug]{ u/fpg] lhDd]jf/L d'Vo Joj:yfks tyf cg';Gwfg
PsfO k|d'vsf] x'g]5 .
-v_ pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿n] ug]{ cfly{s ultljlw ;DaGwL lgoldt cWoog,
ljz]if cWoog nufot cGo cWoog sfo{sf] nflu cfjZoos kg]{ ;'emfj cg';Gwfg
ljefuaf6 pknAw u/fpg ;dGjo ug{]] lhDd]jf/L cfly{s ljsf; zfvfsf] x'g]5 .
-u_ tf]lsPsf] cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] nflu d'Vo Joj:yfksn] clws[t tyf
sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ sfddf v6fpFbf :yfgsf] b"/L, sfdsf] k|s[lt, sfo{ ;Dkfbg ug{
nfUg] ;do, oftfoft Joj:yf tyf jflif{s sfo{of]hgf ;d]tnfO{ ljrf/ u/L cfjZos
cjlwsf] nflu sfhdf v6fpg' kg{]5 . o;/L sfhdf v6fpFbf hgzlQm Joj:yfkg
ljefun] hf/L u/]sf] e|d0f tyf b}lgs eQf;DaGwL kl/kq / a}+ssf] vr{ lgb]{lzsfnfO{
cfwf/ dfGg' kg]{5 .
-3_ cWoog–cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bgx¿sf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug]{ tyf lgwf{l/t ;dodf
k|ltj]bg k7fpg] hjfkmb]xLtf ;d]t d'Vo Joj:yfks / cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vx¿df
/xg] 5 .
-ª_ cg';Gwfg PsfOn] a}+s tyf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 lgoldt?kdf zfvf lj:tf/,
lgIf]k tyf shf{ l:ylt ;DaGwL laj/0f ;+sng u/L To;sf cfwf/df dfl;s tyf
q}dfl;s l:ylt emNsg] ljj/0f cBfjlws u/L /fVg' kg]{5 .
-r_ cfˆgf] If]qleqsf ljleGg cfly{s lqmofsnfk ;DaGwL tYofÍsf] cBfjlws
clen]v tof/ u/L cWoog cg';Gwfgsf] sfo{df k|of]u ug{] jf ug{ nufpg] lhDdf
cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vdf /xg]5 . o:tf] sfo{ eP gePsf] af/]df d'Vo Joj:yfksn]
hfgsf/L lng' kg]{5 .
-5_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+ssf ueg{/, 8]k'6L ueg{/, ;+rfns ;ldltsf cGo ;b:o,
cg';Gwfg ljefusf sfo{sf/L lgb]{zs / lgb]{zs ;DalGwt If]qsf] e|d0fdf hf+bf
cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vn] cfˆgf] If]qsf] cfly{s j:t'l:yltaf/] hfgsf/L] u/fpg' kg]{5 .
-h_ g]kfn /fi6« a}+saf6 k|sflzt tYofÍx?sf] lgoldt cWoog u/L Update x'g]÷x'g
nufpg], ;do–;dodf cg';Gwfg PsfOsf sd{rf/Lx¿aLr ;d–;fdlos cfly{s
36gfqmdaf/] 5nkmn tyf cGt/lqmof ug]{÷u/fpg] / cg';Gwfg PsfOn] ug]{ sfo{sf]
l:ylt, k|ult tyf ;d:ofx¿ ;DaGwdf klg 5nkmn u/L cg';Gwfg PsfOsf] bIftf
tyf u'0f:t/ clej[l4 ug]{ sfo{df d'Vo Joj:yfks tyf cg';Gwfg PsfOdf sfo{/t
sd{rf/Lx¿n] kxn ug'{kg]{5 .

18. 18
%=@ cg'udg ug]{
cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] l;nl;nfdf sfhdf v6fPsf] sd{rf/L lgwf{l/t
;dodf lkmN8df uP/ tf]lsPsf] ;do;Dd a;]]÷ga;]sf] ;DaGwdf pkTosf aflx/sf
;DalGwt sfof{nosf d'Vo Joj:yfks tyf cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vn] cg'udg ug'{
kg]{5 . To;}u/L, s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 ;d]t ;do–;dodf lkmN8
:t/df g} uO{ pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{noåf/f ul/g] cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{sf]
cg'udg tyf lg/LIf0f ul/g]5 . cg';Gwfg ljefuaf6 k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf?kdf
lg/LIf0f ubf{ cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{df lkmN8df vl6Psf sd{rf/Lx¿ lgwf{l/t
7fpFdf tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd a;]sf] gkfOPdf jf tf]lsPsf] 9fFrfdf tf]lsPsf
ljj/0fx¿ ;Íng gu/]sf] kfOPdf lghnfO{ sf/afxLsf nflu hgzlQm Joj:yfkg
ljefu tyf ;DalGwt d'Vo Joj:yfksnfO{ l;kmfl/; ug{ ;lsg]5 .
%=# sd{rf/L Joj:yfkg
cg';Gwfg PsfOdf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Joj:yfkg ubf{ lgDgcg';f/ ug'{ kg]{5 M–
-s_ cg';Gwfg PsfOdf sd{rf/L kb:yfkg ubf{ lgDg cg';f/sf sd{rf/LnfO{
k|fyldstf lbg' kg{]5 .
 cy{zf:q jf jfl0fHo ljifodf :gfts÷:gftsf]Q/ pQL0f{ u/]sf] .
 cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL ljz]if tflnd lnPsf] jf ljz]if ;Lk tyf bIftf ePsf] .
 cg';Gwfg ;DaGwL sfo{df cg'ej k|fKt u/]]sf] .
 cWoog–cg';Gwfg sfo{df ?rL ePsf] .
 sDKo'6/ ;DaGwL Jofjxfl/s 1fg ePsf] .
-v_ cg';Gwfg PsfOdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx¿nfO{ ;se/ sDtLdf b'O{ jif{;Dd cGo
kmfF6df ;¿jf ug'{ x'Fb}g .
-u_ tf]lsPsf] lgoldt tyf cGo ljz]if cWoog sfo{sf nflu sd{rf/Lx¿ v6fpFbf
cg';Gwfg PsfOs} sd{rf/Lx¿ v6fpg' kg{]5 . o:tf] Joj:yfaf6 cg';Gwfg PsfOsf
sd{rf/Lx¿sf] bIftf clej[l4 x'gsf ;fy} sfdsf] u'0f:t/ sfod ug{ ;d]t ;3fp
k'Ug]5 .
%=$ hfgsf/L /fVg'kg]{
cg';Gwfg PsfOdf sfo{/t sd{rf/Lx?n] lgDg ljifodf hfgsf/L /fVg'kg]{5 M
-s_ of]hgf cfof]u, s]Gb|Lo tYofÍ ljefu cflbaf6 k|sflzt k|d'v kl/;"rs tyf
k|If]k0f .
-v_ g]kfn ;/sf/nufot ljleGg cfly{s lgsfox¿n] nfu" u/]sf sfo{qmd tyf
gLltk|lt :yfgLo cfly{s PsfOx¿ -s[ifs, Jofkf/L, pBf]uklt, >lds cflb_ sf]
k|ltlqmof .

19. 19
-u_ c;fdfGo k|fs[lts 36gf h:t} cgfj[li6, v8]/L, cltj[li6, af9L, cl;gf, klx/f],
e'O+{rfnf], cfuhgL cflbsf] k|efj .
-3_ >lds / Joj:yfkgaLr pTkGg ljjfbn] cf}Bf]lus If]qdf kfg]{ k|efj .
-ª_ dxTjk"0f{ gofF pBf]u jf cGo cfof]hgf ;~rfng ePdf jf s[lif If]qdf klg
gofF–gofF k|of]u ;'¿ ePdf To;n] kfg]{ k|efj .
-r_ s'g} ;Dj]bgzLn -Sensitive_ j:t'sf] cb[Zo Jofkf/n] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] k|efj
cflb .
%=% k':tsfno Joj:yfkg
pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox¿df /x]sf] k':tsfnosf] Joj:yfkg ug{] lhDd]jf/L
cg';Gwfg PsfOsf] x'g]5 . k':tsfnodf cfly{s, df}lb|s, ljQLo tyf cGo ;d;fdlos
ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt k':ts tyf klqsfx¿ /xg'kg]{5 . k':tsfnosf nflu cfjZos
k':tsx¿sf] 5gf}6 u/L k':tsfnosf] :t/ j[l4 ug]{ lhDd]jf/L cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vsf]
/xg]5 . cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vn] cGo ;DalGwt clws[tx¿sf] ;/;Nnfx ;d]tn] cfjZos
k':ts vl/b ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 . ;fy}, cg';Gwfg PsfO k|d'vn] cWoog–
cg';Gwfgsf nflu pkof]uL x'g] ;d;fdlos ljifosf s'g} dxTjk"0f{ n]vx¿ ePdf ;f]sf]
kmf]6f]skL ;d]t u/L k':tsfnodf /fVg] Joj:yf ldnfpg' kg]{5 .

20. 20
^= cWoog–cg';Gwfg k|ltj]bg k|sfzg tyf lat/0f
^=! pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{non] tf]lsPsf] Dofbleq k7fPsf cWoog–cg';Gwfg
k|ltj]bgx?nfO{ yk kl/dfh{g ug'{ kg]{ cfjZos b]lvPdf cg';Gwfg ljefusf] cfly{s
ljsf; zfvfn] kl/dfh{g ug{ cfjZos a'‘bfx? pNn]v u/L k|ltj]bg lkmtf{ k7fpg ;Sg]5 .
kl/dfh{gsf] nflu lgb]{zg k|fKt ePdf ;DalGwt sfof{non] k|ltj]bgsf] kl/dfh{g sfo{
;DkGg u/L kl/dflh{t k|ltj]bg oyfzL3| k7fpg' kg]{5 .
^=@ cg';Gwfg ljefusf] cfly{s ljsf; zfvfn] pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{nox?af6 k|fKt x'g]
cw{jflif{s÷jflif{s k|ltj]bgaf6 If]qLo l:ylt / kl/b[io pNn]v ePsf] Ps kl/R5]b tof/
kfg]{5 .
^=# If]qLo l:ylt / kl/b[Zo pNn]v ePsf] cg'R5]b cu|efudf /fVg'sf ;fy} pkTosf
aflx/sf sfof{non] tof/ kf/]sf] k"0f{ k|ltj]bg jf k|ltj]bgsf d'Vo c+z ;dfj]z u/L
cfly{s ljsf; zfvfn] ;du| k|ltj]bg tof/ u/L k|ltj]bgsf] xf8{slk tf]lsPsf] lgsfodf
ljt/0f ug]{ tyf Website df k|sfzg ug]{ Joj:yf ug]{5 .
^=$ pkTosf aflx/sf sfof{non] ;DkGg u/]sf] ljz]if cWoogsf] d:of}bf k|ltj]bgdf
cg';Gwfg ljefusf] /fo–;'emfjnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L clGtd k|ltj]bg tof/ ePkl5 ;DalGwt
sfof{noaf6 g} k|sfzg / ljt/0fsf] Joj:yf ug'{ kg]{5 .
of] dfu{bz{g @)^&.!@.!% sf] Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] a}7saf6 kfl/t ul/Psf] .