This document discusses unsupervised techniques for deciphering encrypted documents. It presents an approach using noisy-channel modeling and expectation-maximization (EM) to find the most likely plaintext given a ciphertext. As an example, it applies this method to deciphering a basic English letter substitution cipher. The algorithm initializes substitution probabilities uniformly, then iterates to adjust the probabilities based on plaintext and ciphertext letter co-occurrence counts to converge on the most probable plaintext.
Learning phoneme mappings for transliteration without parallel dataAttaporn Ninsuwan
The document presents a method for learning cross-language phoneme mappings without parallel data by framing transliteration as a decipherment problem and using monolingual resources to learn mappings between English and Japanese phonemes. It compares this unsupervised approach to a supervised approach using parallel data and finds the unsupervised method achieves 40% accuracy on a name transliteration task, similar to the supervised approach. The goal is to develop transliteration systems that do not require parallel resources for any language pair.
Mobile application development involves creating apps for smartphones and tablets. Key points about mobile app development include:
1. The mobile app market is large and growing, with over 1.5 billion mobile devices sold in 2011 and the app market reaching $15 billion by 2013.
2. Smartphones have become "smarter" with powerful processors and operating systems like Android that allow developers to create powerful apps. Over 600,000 apps are available across platforms.
3. Mobile apps have different requirements than desktop apps due to limitations of mobile devices like smaller screens, memory constraints, and intermittent network connectivity.
4. The Android platform provides tools and APIs for developers to create apps that will run on Android devices. It
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic device to separate live and dead biological cells. It describes how an applied non-uniform electric field can induce dipole moments in cells, causing them to be attracted to either high or low field regions depending on their dielectric properties. The document outlines the design of a microfluidic device with a 3D electrode structure intended to exploit these differences and separate live and dead mammalian cells based on their dielectric behavior over 50-70 kHz frequencies.
The document discusses Microsoft's Live@edu services which provide single sign-on access for students and faculty to Outlook, Office Web Apps, and SkyDrive storage. It highlights features like customization, built-in collaboration tools, and the ability to create and manage Office documents from any device. The presentation concludes with a demo of a school portal showing how single sign-on allows access to digital campus resources from anywhere with one identity.
The document discusses the rule of thirds in visual composition. It states that the rule of thirds involves imagining an image divided into nine equal parts by two horizontal and two vertical lines, and placing key elements of the composition along these lines or their intersections. Proponents claim this creates more tension and interest than centering the subject. The rule is a compositional guideline used in photography, painting, and design.
The document discusses opportunities for Indo-US cooperation in human resource development and higher education to support the growing knowledge economy. It outlines challenges facing India's higher education system including faculty shortages and inadequate research infrastructure. It proposes ambitious programs for nurturing faculty and Indian participation in large-scale US science projects to better link India's education system to skill demands. Strengthening Indo-US collaboration holds potential benefits for both countries in developing the skilled workforce needed for the future.
The document describes efforts to decipher a 105-page enciphered book from 1866 known as the Copiale cipher. Key features of the text are described. An attempt to decipher it by removing non-Roman letters and treating the rest as a substitution cipher failed. Further analysis revealed the text uses a homophonic cipher where each plaintext letter can be represented by multiple cipher letters. Focusing on German as the likely plaintext, substitutions were made that gradually deciphered more of the text through analysis of letter frequencies and contexts.
This document describes an experiment to study how yeast cells move when subjected to non-uniform electric fields (dielectrophoresis). Yeast cells were placed in a suspension between two pointed platinum electrode tips and exposed to alternating electric fields of varying frequency. The motion and clustering of cells at the electrode tips, where the electric field was strongest, was observed under a microscope over time. The clustering behavior depended on factors like field strength, frequency, suspension conductivity, and biological characteristics of the yeast cells.
20111020 Soirée Centre d'Affaires VannetaisBenapse
Powerpoint de présentation de la société Benapse à la soirée du Centre d'Affaires Vannetais du 20 Octobre 2011 sur le thème "Webmarketing : un insolent succès"
Petite boite à outils à destination du chef d'entrepriseBenapse
Présentation lors d'une réunion PLATO à Ploërmel le 24 novembre 2011. Présentation de quelques outils utiles pour organiser sa veille, sa façon de travailler et optimiser le référencement de son site internet.
This document discusses unsupervised techniques for deciphering encrypted documents. It presents an approach using noisy-channel modeling and expectation-maximization (EM) to find the most likely plaintext given a ciphertext. As an example, it applies this method to deciphering a basic English letter substitution cipher. The algorithm initializes substitution probabilities uniformly, then iterates to adjust the probabilities based on plaintext and ciphertext letter co-occurrence counts to converge on the most probable plaintext.
Learning phoneme mappings for transliteration without parallel dataAttaporn Ninsuwan
The document presents a method for learning cross-language phoneme mappings without parallel data by framing transliteration as a decipherment problem and using monolingual resources to learn mappings between English and Japanese phonemes. It compares this unsupervised approach to a supervised approach using parallel data and finds the unsupervised method achieves 40% accuracy on a name transliteration task, similar to the supervised approach. The goal is to develop transliteration systems that do not require parallel resources for any language pair.
Mobile application development involves creating apps for smartphones and tablets. Key points about mobile app development include:
1. The mobile app market is large and growing, with over 1.5 billion mobile devices sold in 2011 and the app market reaching $15 billion by 2013.
2. Smartphones have become "smarter" with powerful processors and operating systems like Android that allow developers to create powerful apps. Over 600,000 apps are available across platforms.
3. Mobile apps have different requirements than desktop apps due to limitations of mobile devices like smaller screens, memory constraints, and intermittent network connectivity.
4. The Android platform provides tools and APIs for developers to create apps that will run on Android devices. It
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes using dielectrophoresis in a microfluidic device to separate live and dead biological cells. It describes how an applied non-uniform electric field can induce dipole moments in cells, causing them to be attracted to either high or low field regions depending on their dielectric properties. The document outlines the design of a microfluidic device with a 3D electrode structure intended to exploit these differences and separate live and dead mammalian cells based on their dielectric behavior over 50-70 kHz frequencies.
The document discusses Microsoft's Live@edu services which provide single sign-on access for students and faculty to Outlook, Office Web Apps, and SkyDrive storage. It highlights features like customization, built-in collaboration tools, and the ability to create and manage Office documents from any device. The presentation concludes with a demo of a school portal showing how single sign-on allows access to digital campus resources from anywhere with one identity.
The document discusses the rule of thirds in visual composition. It states that the rule of thirds involves imagining an image divided into nine equal parts by two horizontal and two vertical lines, and placing key elements of the composition along these lines or their intersections. Proponents claim this creates more tension and interest than centering the subject. The rule is a compositional guideline used in photography, painting, and design.
The document discusses opportunities for Indo-US cooperation in human resource development and higher education to support the growing knowledge economy. It outlines challenges facing India's higher education system including faculty shortages and inadequate research infrastructure. It proposes ambitious programs for nurturing faculty and Indian participation in large-scale US science projects to better link India's education system to skill demands. Strengthening Indo-US collaboration holds potential benefits for both countries in developing the skilled workforce needed for the future.
The document describes efforts to decipher a 105-page enciphered book from 1866 known as the Copiale cipher. Key features of the text are described. An attempt to decipher it by removing non-Roman letters and treating the rest as a substitution cipher failed. Further analysis revealed the text uses a homophonic cipher where each plaintext letter can be represented by multiple cipher letters. Focusing on German as the likely plaintext, substitutions were made that gradually deciphered more of the text through analysis of letter frequencies and contexts.
This document describes an experiment to study how yeast cells move when subjected to non-uniform electric fields (dielectrophoresis). Yeast cells were placed in a suspension between two pointed platinum electrode tips and exposed to alternating electric fields of varying frequency. The motion and clustering of cells at the electrode tips, where the electric field was strongest, was observed under a microscope over time. The clustering behavior depended on factors like field strength, frequency, suspension conductivity, and biological characteristics of the yeast cells.
20111020 Soirée Centre d'Affaires VannetaisBenapse
Powerpoint de présentation de la société Benapse à la soirée du Centre d'Affaires Vannetais du 20 Octobre 2011 sur le thème "Webmarketing : un insolent succès"
Petite boite à outils à destination du chef d'entrepriseBenapse
Présentation lors d'une réunion PLATO à Ploërmel le 24 novembre 2011. Présentation de quelques outils utiles pour organiser sa veille, sa façon de travailler et optimiser le référencement de son site internet.
This document is a table of contents and introduction for a book titled "jQuery Fundamentals" by Rebecca Murphey. The book covers jQuery basics, core concepts, events, effects, Ajax, plugins, and advanced topics. It includes over 50 code examples to demonstrate jQuery syntax and techniques. The book is available under a Creative Commons license and the source code is hosted on GitHub.
This document provides a preface and table of contents for a book on jQuery concepts. The preface explains that the book is intended to teach intermediate and advanced jQuery concepts through code examples. It highlights some stylistic approaches used in the book, such as emphasizing code over text explanations and using color coding. It also defines some key terms that will be used, and recommends reviewing the jQuery documentation and understanding how the text() method works before reading the book. The table of contents then outlines the book's 12 chapters and their respective sections, which cover topics like selecting, traversing, manipulating, events, plugins and more.
This document proposes techniques for embedding unique codewords in electronic documents to discourage illicit copying and distribution. It describes three coding methods - line-shift coding, word-shift coding, and feature coding - that alter document formatting or text elements in subtle, hard-to-detect ways. Experimental results show the line-shift coding method can reliably decode documents even after photocopying, enabling identification of the intended recipient. The techniques aim to make unauthorized distribution at least as difficult as obtaining documents legitimately from the publisher.
This document discusses the field of computer forensics. It defines computer forensics as the collection, preservation, and analysis of computer-related evidence. The goal is to provide solid legal evidence that can be admitted in court and understood by laypeople. Computer forensics is used to investigate various incidents including human behavior like fraud, physical events like hardware failures, and organizational issues like staff changes. It aims to determine the root cause of system disruptions and failures.
This document discusses techniques for data hiding, which involves embedding additional data into digital media files like images, audio, or text. It describes several constraints on data hiding, such as the amount of data to hide, ensuring the data remains intact if the file is modified, and preventing unauthorized access to the hidden data. The document outlines traditional and novel data hiding techniques and evaluates them for applications like copyright protection, tamper-proofing, and adding supplemental data to files. It also discusses tradeoffs between hiding more data versus making the data more robust against modifications to the file.
This document summarizes an analysis of over 200,000 websites engaged in badware behavior according to Google's Safe Browsing initiative. The analysis found that over half of infected sites were located in China, with the top three Chinese network blocks accounting for 68% of infections in that country. In contrast, infected sites in the US were more distributed. Compared to the previous year, the total number of infected sites increased, likely due to expanded scanning and increased malware distribution through websites.
Steganography has been used for over 2500 years to hide secret messages. The paper explores steganography's history from ancient times through modern digital applications. It discusses early examples like Johannes Trithemius' steganographic treatise in the 15th century. Modern uses include microdots, digital images, audio, and digital watermarks for copyright protection. Terrorist groups may use steganography but there is no public evidence yet. Steganography continues to evolve with technology while attackers work to defeat new techniques.
The document discusses various cryptographic techniques including symmetric and asymmetric encryption. Symmetric encryption uses the same key for encryption and decryption, while asymmetric encryption uses two different keys. The document then describes the Data Encryption Standard (DES) algorithm and its variants, including Triple DES. It also covers the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm, its design principles, and modes of operation for block ciphers like ECB, CBC, CFB and OFB.
This document discusses the topic of steganography, which is hiding secret messages within other harmless messages. It outlines different techniques for hiding messages in text, images, and audio files. For text, it describes line shift coding, word shift coding, and feature coding methods. For images, it explains least significant bit insertion and exploiting the limitations of the human visual system. For audio, it mentions low-bit encoding and other techniques like phase coding and spread spectrum. It also discusses steganalysis, which aims to detect and destroy hidden messages within files.
This document discusses the need for computer security and provides an introduction to key concepts. It explains that security is necessary to protect vital information, provide authentication and access control, and ensure availability of resources. The document then outlines common security threats like firewall exploits, software bugs, and denial of service attacks. It also discusses basic security components of confidentiality, integrity, and availability as well as goals of preventing attacks, detecting violations, and enabling recovery.
The document discusses various types of malicious programs including buffer overflows, viruses, worms, Trojan horses, backdoors, and logic bombs. It describes how buffer overflows can corrupt the program stack and be exploited by attackers. It explains that viruses attach themselves to other programs and replicate, worms replicate across networks, and Trojan horses masquerade as legitimate programs. It also outlines different approaches for antivirus software including signature-based, heuristic, activity monitoring, and full-featured protection.
This document discusses various topics relating to web security, including:
1) Different types of web pages like static, dynamic, and active pages and the technologies used to create them like JavaScript, Java, and CGI.
2) Security issues associated with technologies like ActiveX, Java applets, JavaScript, and cookies.
3) Protocols for secure communication like HTTPS, digital certificates, and single sign-on systems.
4) Methods for secure electronic commerce including SET and digital cash technologies.
This document provides an overview of network security topics including attacks like diffing, sniffing, session hijacking and spoofing. It discusses protocols for secure communication including SSL, TLS and IPSec. SSL and TLS provide security at the transport layer by encrypting data between a client and server. IPSec provides security at the network layer for both transport and tunnel modes. Authentication Header and Encapsulating Security Payload are the two security protocols used in IPSec.
This document provides an overview of network security topics including diffing, sniffing, session hijacking, spoofing, SSL, TLS, IPSec, and VPNs. It discusses how these attacks work and methods to protect against them, such as encryption. Network layer security protocols like IPSec are described, which uses authentication headers or encapsulating security payloads to provide security services to packets. Transport layer security protocols SSL and TLS are also summarized, including how they establish encrypted sessions between clients and servers.
This document discusses various topics related to computer security authorization, including multilevel security models like Bell-LaPadula and Biba's model, covert channels, inference control, CAPTCHAs, firewalls, and intrusion detection systems. It also provides an overview of network layers like the network layer, transport layer, TCP, and UDP. The key models discussed are Bell-LaPadula for confidentiality and Biba's model for integrity. Covert channels, inference control, and intrusion detection systems are described as techniques for authorization and access control.
This document discusses various methods of authentication, including message authentication, entity authentication, and digital signatures. It describes techniques such as hashing, message authentication codes (MACs), digital signatures using RSA, and challenge-response authentication. It also covers other authentication methods such as passwords, biometrics, and zero-knowledge proofs. The goal of authentication is to verify the identity of entities and ensure the integrity and authenticity of messages.
This document discusses the discrete-time Fourier transform (DTFT). It begins by introducing the DTFT and how it can be used to represent aperiodic signals as the sum of complex exponentials. Several properties of the DTFT are then discussed, including linearity, time/frequency shifting, periodicity, and conjugate symmetry. Examples are provided to illustrate how to compute the DTFT of simple signals. The document also discusses how the DTFT can be used to represent periodic signals and impulse trains.
This document discusses the continuous-time Fourier transform. It begins by developing the Fourier transform representation of aperiodic signals as the limit of Fourier series coefficients as the period increases. It then defines the Fourier transform pairs and discusses properties like convergence. Several examples of calculating the Fourier transform of common signals like exponentials, pulses and periodic signals are provided. Key concepts like the sinc function are also introduced.
Chapter3 - Fourier Series Representation of Periodic SignalsAttaporn Ninsuwan
This document discusses Fourier series representation of periodic signals. It introduces continuous-time periodic signals and their representation as a linear combination of harmonically related complex exponentials. The coefficients in the Fourier series representation can be determined by multiplying both sides of the representation by complex exponentials and integrating over one period. The key steps are: 1) multiplying both sides by e-jω0t, 2) integrating both sides from 0 to T=2π/ω0, and 3) using the fact that the integral equals T when k=n and 0 otherwise to obtain an expression for the coefficients an. Examples are provided to illustrate these concepts.