Slides used in an advanced OWL tutorial in 2012. The tutorial is based on family history and uses OWL individuals as a first class citizen in the learning.
The paperback version is available on lulu.com there http://goo.gl/fraa8o
This is the first volume of the postgresql database administration book. The book covers the steps for installing, configuring and administering a PostgreSQL 9.3 on Linux debian. The book covers the logical and physical aspect of PostgreSQL. Two chapters are dedicated to the backup/restore topic.
word2vec, LDA, and introducing a new hybrid algorithm: lda2vec👋 Christopher Moody
(Data Day 2016)
Standard natural language processing (NLP) is a messy and difficult affair. It requires teaching a computer about English-specific word ambiguities as well as the hierarchical, sparse nature of words in sentences. At Stitch Fix, word vectors help computers learn from the raw text in customer notes. Our systems need to identify a medical professional when she writes that she 'used to wear scrubs to work', and distill 'taking a trip' into a Fix for vacation clothing. Applied appropriately, word vectors are dramatically more meaningful and more flexible than current techniques and let computers peer into text in a fundamentally new way. I'll try to convince you that word vectors give us a simple and flexible platform for understanding text while speaking about word2vec, LDA, and introduce our hybrid algorithm lda2vec.
JDK.IO 2016 (http://jdk.io)
Java EE 7 introduced a new batch processing API. This session will go over how to use the batch processing API introduced with Java EE 7. This API is makes it easy to implement long running data/compute intensive jobs which need to be scheduled or initiated on-demand. Basics of the API will be demonstrated via code samples. The API will also be compared to Spring Batching and Hadoop to provide context and guidance on when these technologies are appropriate.
All of the Performance Tuning Features in Oracle SQL DeveloperJeff Smith
An overview of all of the performance tuning instrumentation, tools, and features in Oracle SQL Developer. Get help making those applications and their queries more performant.
The paperback version is available on lulu.com there http://goo.gl/fraa8o
This is the first volume of the postgresql database administration book. The book covers the steps for installing, configuring and administering a PostgreSQL 9.3 on Linux debian. The book covers the logical and physical aspect of PostgreSQL. Two chapters are dedicated to the backup/restore topic.
word2vec, LDA, and introducing a new hybrid algorithm: lda2vec👋 Christopher Moody
(Data Day 2016)
Standard natural language processing (NLP) is a messy and difficult affair. It requires teaching a computer about English-specific word ambiguities as well as the hierarchical, sparse nature of words in sentences. At Stitch Fix, word vectors help computers learn from the raw text in customer notes. Our systems need to identify a medical professional when she writes that she 'used to wear scrubs to work', and distill 'taking a trip' into a Fix for vacation clothing. Applied appropriately, word vectors are dramatically more meaningful and more flexible than current techniques and let computers peer into text in a fundamentally new way. I'll try to convince you that word vectors give us a simple and flexible platform for understanding text while speaking about word2vec, LDA, and introduce our hybrid algorithm lda2vec.
JDK.IO 2016 (http://jdk.io)
Java EE 7 introduced a new batch processing API. This session will go over how to use the batch processing API introduced with Java EE 7. This API is makes it easy to implement long running data/compute intensive jobs which need to be scheduled or initiated on-demand. Basics of the API will be demonstrated via code samples. The API will also be compared to Spring Batching and Hadoop to provide context and guidance on when these technologies are appropriate.
All of the Performance Tuning Features in Oracle SQL DeveloperJeff Smith
An overview of all of the performance tuning instrumentation, tools, and features in Oracle SQL Developer. Get help making those applications and their queries more performant.
Building Named Entity Recognition Models Efficiently using NERDSSujit Pal
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is foundational for many downstream NLP tasks such as Information Retrieval, Relation Extraction, Question Answering, and Knowledge Base Construction. While many high-quality pre-trained NER models exist, they usually cover a small subset of popular entities such as people, organizations, and locations. But what if we need to recognize domain specific entities such as proteins, chemical names, diseases, etc? The Open Source Named Entity Recognition for Data Scientists (NERDS) toolkit, from the Elsevier Data Science team, was built to address this need.
NERDS aims to speed up development and evaluation of NER models by providing a set of NER algorithms that are callable through the familiar scikit-learn style API. The uniform interface allows reuse of code for data ingestion and evaluation, resulting in cleaner and more maintainable NER pipelines. In addition, customizing NERDS by adding new and more advanced NER models is also very easy, just a matter of implementing a standard NER Model class.
Our presentation will describe the main features of NERDS, then walk through a demonstration of developing and evaluating NER models that recognize biomedical entities. We will then describe a Neural Network based NER algorithm (a Bi-LSTM seq2seq model written in Pytorch) that we will then integrate into the NERDS NER pipeline.
We believe NERDS addresses a real need for building domain specific NER models quickly and efficiently. NER is an active field of research, and the hope is that this presentation will spark interest and contributions of new NER algorithms and Data Adapters from the community that can in turn help to move the field forward.
Oracle REST Data Services: Options for your Web ServicesJeff Smith
ORDS has many options when it comes to delivering web services for your Oracle Database. We have an Automatic feature for your database objects where we handle everything for you. Or, you can write your own services with your SQL & PL/SQL. This slide deck shows exactly what you have to choose from for your applications.
Application of Ontology in Semantic Information Retrieval by Prof Shahrul Azm...Khirulnizam Abd Rahman
Application of Ontology in Semantic Information Retrieval
by Prof Shahrul Azman from FSTM, UKM
Presentation for MyREN Seminar 2014
Berjaya Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
27 November 2014
PL/SQL developers (as well as DBAs and many others involved) typically are uncertain what SOA means to them. They feel overwhelmed by a avalanche of acronyms. Yet they see it coming and instead of being surprised or bypassed, this session allows them to start participating and benefiting themselves. This session introduces SOA and the Oracle SOA Suite 11g to the realm of the PL/SQL developer - from which it sometimes seems so far removed. What are the key SOA concepts and objectives - what's the buzz about? What is at the heart of SOA Suite 11g: Composite Applications, BPEL PM and the Mediator.
The presentation demonstrates how SOA Services can be leveraged from the database – from Triggers and PL/SQL applications and how the database can publish events to the Event Delivery Network. It demonstrates how the SOA infrastructure can access the database, primarily using the Database Adapter – and how database developers can be instrumental in efficiently doing so. It concludes with some hints for applying SOA concepts for 'normal' database development.
Java Performance Fundamental 세미나 교재입니다. 3장은 Garbage Collection에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. 먼저 JVM에서 사용하는 Garbage Collection 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 Garbage Collection의 Algorithm을 상세히 알아봅니다. 그 후 Hotspot JVM의 Heap구조와 Garbage Collector를 설명하고 Generation별로 어떻게 동작하는 지에 대해 설명합니다. 이어 IBM JVM에 대한 Heap 구조와 Garbage Collector에 대해서도 설명합니다.
* Garbage Collection 이란?
* Garbage Collection 의 대상
* Garbage Collection 의 기본 Algorithm
* Hotspot JVM의 Garbage Collection
o Serial Collector
o Incremental Collector
o Parallel Collector
o CMS Collector
o Parallel Compaction Collector
o Garbage First Collector
* IBM JVM의 Garbage Collection
o Optimize for Throughput Collector
o Optimize for Pause Time Collector
o Generational Concurrent Collector
o Subpool Collector
For years, the common industry perception has been that MySQL is faster and easier to use than PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL is perceived as more powerful, more focused on data integrity, and stricter at complying with SQL specifications, but correspondingly slower and more complicated to use.
Like many perceptions formed in the past, these things aren\'t as true with the current generation of releases as they used to be.
산동네 게임 DBA 이야기 (어썸피스 홍병기 님)
중요 Configuration
튜닝시 가장중요한건 ?
최소점검시간으로 IDC or Cloud 이전
평소확인해야할것들
NoSQL 에 대해
장애경험 및 조치
CPU 가 100% 가까울때 긴급조치?
OS 메모리 관리의 중요성
샤딩안하고 DML 성능 높이기 ?
샤딩적용은 ?
효율적인 로그관리요령
백업 및 복구
통계 및 머신러닝
회사에서 벌어지는 일들
DBA 피드백
괜찮은 DBA ?
Ready to leverage the power of a graph database to bring your application to the next level, but all the data is still stuck in a legacy relational database?
Fortunately, Neo4j offers several ways to quickly and efficiently import relational data into a suitable graph model. It's as simple as exporting the subset of the data you want to import and ingest it either with an initial loader in seconds or minutes or apply Cypher's power to put your relational data transactionally in the right places of your graph model.
In this webinar, Michael will also demonstrate a simple tool that can load relational data directly into Neo4j, automatically transforming it into a graph representation of your normalized entity-relationship model.
Configure Golden Gate Initial Load and Change SyncArun Sharma
We will configure initial load along with change sync inside Oracle Golden Gate.
Here is the full article link: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/configure-golden-gate-initial-load-and-change-sync
Uber’s blog post about migration from PostgreSQL to MySQL made a lot of buzz in PostgreSQL community. Many of Developers PostgreSQL community realized shortcoming of our table engine (which is the only one yet). As result, many of patches were developer in order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned by Uber. Some of those patches are overlapping, even some of them are in contradictory. Those patches include: indirect indexes (indexes which references primary key value), WARM (write-amplification reduction method), RDS (recently dead storage). Also there are discussions about pluggable table engines and undo log.
In this talk I’ll consider points of Uber’s blog post from PostgreSQL developer point of view. I’ll tell which points I agree, which points I disagree and which points I partially agree. Also I’ll consider developments of PostgreSQL community, and how them can overcome mentioned shortcomings from my point of view.
When Web-based business applications communicate with each other, producer applications ENQUEUE messages and consumer applications DEQUEUE messages. Advanced Queuing provides database-integrated message queuing functionality. Advanced Queuing leverages the functions of the Oracle database so that messages can be stored persistently, propagated between queues on different machines and databases, and transmitted using Oracle Net Services, HTTP(S), and SMTP.
This ppt was used by Devrim at pgDay Asia 2017. He talked about some important facts about WAL - Transaction Logs or xlogs in PostgreSQL. Some of these can really come handy on a bad day
Building Named Entity Recognition Models Efficiently using NERDSSujit Pal
Named Entity Recognition (NER) is foundational for many downstream NLP tasks such as Information Retrieval, Relation Extraction, Question Answering, and Knowledge Base Construction. While many high-quality pre-trained NER models exist, they usually cover a small subset of popular entities such as people, organizations, and locations. But what if we need to recognize domain specific entities such as proteins, chemical names, diseases, etc? The Open Source Named Entity Recognition for Data Scientists (NERDS) toolkit, from the Elsevier Data Science team, was built to address this need.
NERDS aims to speed up development and evaluation of NER models by providing a set of NER algorithms that are callable through the familiar scikit-learn style API. The uniform interface allows reuse of code for data ingestion and evaluation, resulting in cleaner and more maintainable NER pipelines. In addition, customizing NERDS by adding new and more advanced NER models is also very easy, just a matter of implementing a standard NER Model class.
Our presentation will describe the main features of NERDS, then walk through a demonstration of developing and evaluating NER models that recognize biomedical entities. We will then describe a Neural Network based NER algorithm (a Bi-LSTM seq2seq model written in Pytorch) that we will then integrate into the NERDS NER pipeline.
We believe NERDS addresses a real need for building domain specific NER models quickly and efficiently. NER is an active field of research, and the hope is that this presentation will spark interest and contributions of new NER algorithms and Data Adapters from the community that can in turn help to move the field forward.
Oracle REST Data Services: Options for your Web ServicesJeff Smith
ORDS has many options when it comes to delivering web services for your Oracle Database. We have an Automatic feature for your database objects where we handle everything for you. Or, you can write your own services with your SQL & PL/SQL. This slide deck shows exactly what you have to choose from for your applications.
Application of Ontology in Semantic Information Retrieval by Prof Shahrul Azm...Khirulnizam Abd Rahman
Application of Ontology in Semantic Information Retrieval
by Prof Shahrul Azman from FSTM, UKM
Presentation for MyREN Seminar 2014
Berjaya Hotel, Kuala Lumpur
27 November 2014
PL/SQL developers (as well as DBAs and many others involved) typically are uncertain what SOA means to them. They feel overwhelmed by a avalanche of acronyms. Yet they see it coming and instead of being surprised or bypassed, this session allows them to start participating and benefiting themselves. This session introduces SOA and the Oracle SOA Suite 11g to the realm of the PL/SQL developer - from which it sometimes seems so far removed. What are the key SOA concepts and objectives - what's the buzz about? What is at the heart of SOA Suite 11g: Composite Applications, BPEL PM and the Mediator.
The presentation demonstrates how SOA Services can be leveraged from the database – from Triggers and PL/SQL applications and how the database can publish events to the Event Delivery Network. It demonstrates how the SOA infrastructure can access the database, primarily using the Database Adapter – and how database developers can be instrumental in efficiently doing so. It concludes with some hints for applying SOA concepts for 'normal' database development.
Java Performance Fundamental 세미나 교재입니다. 3장은 Garbage Collection에 대해 설명하고 있습니다. 먼저 JVM에서 사용하는 Garbage Collection 뿐만 아니라 일반적인 Garbage Collection의 Algorithm을 상세히 알아봅니다. 그 후 Hotspot JVM의 Heap구조와 Garbage Collector를 설명하고 Generation별로 어떻게 동작하는 지에 대해 설명합니다. 이어 IBM JVM에 대한 Heap 구조와 Garbage Collector에 대해서도 설명합니다.
* Garbage Collection 이란?
* Garbage Collection 의 대상
* Garbage Collection 의 기본 Algorithm
* Hotspot JVM의 Garbage Collection
o Serial Collector
o Incremental Collector
o Parallel Collector
o CMS Collector
o Parallel Compaction Collector
o Garbage First Collector
* IBM JVM의 Garbage Collection
o Optimize for Throughput Collector
o Optimize for Pause Time Collector
o Generational Concurrent Collector
o Subpool Collector
For years, the common industry perception has been that MySQL is faster and easier to use than PostgreSQL. PostgreSQL is perceived as more powerful, more focused on data integrity, and stricter at complying with SQL specifications, but correspondingly slower and more complicated to use.
Like many perceptions formed in the past, these things aren\'t as true with the current generation of releases as they used to be.
산동네 게임 DBA 이야기 (어썸피스 홍병기 님)
중요 Configuration
튜닝시 가장중요한건 ?
최소점검시간으로 IDC or Cloud 이전
평소확인해야할것들
NoSQL 에 대해
장애경험 및 조치
CPU 가 100% 가까울때 긴급조치?
OS 메모리 관리의 중요성
샤딩안하고 DML 성능 높이기 ?
샤딩적용은 ?
효율적인 로그관리요령
백업 및 복구
통계 및 머신러닝
회사에서 벌어지는 일들
DBA 피드백
괜찮은 DBA ?
Ready to leverage the power of a graph database to bring your application to the next level, but all the data is still stuck in a legacy relational database?
Fortunately, Neo4j offers several ways to quickly and efficiently import relational data into a suitable graph model. It's as simple as exporting the subset of the data you want to import and ingest it either with an initial loader in seconds or minutes or apply Cypher's power to put your relational data transactionally in the right places of your graph model.
In this webinar, Michael will also demonstrate a simple tool that can load relational data directly into Neo4j, automatically transforming it into a graph representation of your normalized entity-relationship model.
Configure Golden Gate Initial Load and Change SyncArun Sharma
We will configure initial load along with change sync inside Oracle Golden Gate.
Here is the full article link: https://www.support.dbagenesis.com/post/configure-golden-gate-initial-load-and-change-sync
Uber’s blog post about migration from PostgreSQL to MySQL made a lot of buzz in PostgreSQL community. Many of Developers PostgreSQL community realized shortcoming of our table engine (which is the only one yet). As result, many of patches were developer in order to overcome the shortcomings mentioned by Uber. Some of those patches are overlapping, even some of them are in contradictory. Those patches include: indirect indexes (indexes which references primary key value), WARM (write-amplification reduction method), RDS (recently dead storage). Also there are discussions about pluggable table engines and undo log.
In this talk I’ll consider points of Uber’s blog post from PostgreSQL developer point of view. I’ll tell which points I agree, which points I disagree and which points I partially agree. Also I’ll consider developments of PostgreSQL community, and how them can overcome mentioned shortcomings from my point of view.
When Web-based business applications communicate with each other, producer applications ENQUEUE messages and consumer applications DEQUEUE messages. Advanced Queuing provides database-integrated message queuing functionality. Advanced Queuing leverages the functions of the Oracle database so that messages can be stored persistently, propagated between queues on different machines and databases, and transmitted using Oracle Net Services, HTTP(S), and SMTP.
This ppt was used by Devrim at pgDay Asia 2017. He talked about some important facts about WAL - Transaction Logs or xlogs in PostgreSQL. Some of these can really come handy on a bad day
This talk was presented at the RUSA Genealogy Preconference at ALA in Chicago on June 23, 2017 by Nicole Wedemeyer Miller, Adjunct Lecturer at the University of Illinois.
Wiki case studies presented in this class are little success stories that will help you learn how to use the Wiki to find answers to your own research questions. Learning how others have been helped by the Wiki will open a world of research help to you. We will discover some of the best features of the Wiki while reviewing the case studies.
The family is the basic unit of society and is important to both individuals and communities. The world is rapidly changing, making today's society much more complex than ever before. As Scouts earn this merit badge, they will realize why it is important to know more about family life and how to strengthen their families.
OBOPedia: An Encyclopaedia of Biology Using OBO OntologiesObopedia swat4ls-20...robertstevens65
A talk on OBOPedia (HTTP://www.obopedia.org.uk) given at Semantic Web Applicaitons and Tools for Life Sciences (SWAT4Ls) 2015 in cambridge, UK December 2015
Issues and activities in authoring ontologiesrobertstevens65
Departmental seminar at Department of Computer Science, university of Birmingham, 6 November, 2014
abstract: Ontologies are complex knowledge representation artefacts used across biomedical sciences, the media and other domains for defining terminologies and providing metadata. Their use is increasing rapidly, but so far, ontology authoring tools have not benefited from empirical research into the ontology authoring process. Understanding how people build ontologies is key to developing tools that can properly support common authoring activities. In this talk I will first present the outcomes of qualative interviews with ontology authors and the issues it reveals. Second, I will present the results of a study that identifies common activity patterns through analysis of the event logs, screen capture and eye-tracking data collected from the popular authoring tool, Protege. Results from this bottom-up investigation suggest that the class hierarchy is the central focus of activity, playing a role beyond simple class representation. We also find that checking how updates to the ontology is hard and performance is hindered by inadequate support in the user interface. From this investigation we propose design guidelines for bulk editing, efficient reasoning and increased situational awareness in ontology authoring.
The state of the nation for ontology developmentrobertstevens65
Invited talk at European Ontology Network (EUON) 2014
Ontologies are now quite big, both literally and metaphorically. They have become central resources in disciplines such as biology, medicine, healthcare and others. Such developments rely on people, tools and methods to deliver ontologies that do the desired job, on-time and on-budget. In this talk I wil ask the question of whether the tools and methods we have are capable of doing what is necessary to deliver robust and maintainable ontologies. To explore this question I will borro from the Capability Maturity Model used to assess the capabilities of institutions to deliver software projects. Instead of institutional assessment, I will bend the CCM to the discipline of ontology engineering. The levels of the CMM range from the ad hoc to one where metrics are used to monitor and adjust ontology development. In this talk I will use some audience participation to gather views on ontology engineering maturity level and then deliver my own view of that maturity.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
Professional air quality monitoring systems provide immediate, on-site data for analysis, compliance, and decision-making.
Monitor common gases, weather parameters, particulates.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
Seminar of U.V. Spectroscopy by SAMIR PANDASAMIR PANDA
Spectroscopy is a branch of science dealing the study of interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy refers to absorption spectroscopy or reflect spectroscopy in the UV-VIS spectral region.
Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy is an analytical method that can measure the amount of light received by the analyte.
This presentation explores a brief idea about the structural and functional attributes of nucleotides, the structure and function of genetic materials along with the impact of UV rays and pH upon them.
Toxic effects of heavy metals : Lead and Arsenicsanjana502982
Heavy metals are naturally occuring metallic chemical elements that have relatively high density, and are toxic at even low concentrations. All toxic metals are termed as heavy metals irrespective of their atomic mass and density, eg. arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, thallium, chromium, etc.
DERIVATION OF MODIFIED BERNOULLI EQUATION WITH VISCOUS EFFECTS AND TERMINAL V...Wasswaderrick3
In this book, we use conservation of energy techniques on a fluid element to derive the Modified Bernoulli equation of flow with viscous or friction effects. We derive the general equation of flow/ velocity and then from this we derive the Pouiselle flow equation, the transition flow equation and the turbulent flow equation. In the situations where there are no viscous effects , the equation reduces to the Bernoulli equation. From experimental results, we are able to include other terms in the Bernoulli equation. We also look at cases where pressure gradients exist. We use the Modified Bernoulli equation to derive equations of flow rate for pipes of different cross sectional areas connected together. We also extend our techniques of energy conservation to a sphere falling in a viscous medium under the effect of gravity. We demonstrate Stokes equation of terminal velocity and turbulent flow equation. We look at a way of calculating the time taken for a body to fall in a viscous medium. We also look at the general equation of terminal velocity.
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skills
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptxPRIYANKA PATEL
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
ANAMOLOUS SECONDARY GROWTH IN DICOT ROOTS.pptxRASHMI M G
Abnormal or anomalous secondary growth in plants. It defines secondary growth as an increase in plant girth due to vascular cambium or cork cambium. Anomalous secondary growth does not follow the normal pattern of a single vascular cambium producing xylem internally and phloem externally.
PRESENTATION ABOUT PRINCIPLE OF COSMATIC EVALUATION
Properties and Individuals in OWL: Reasoning About Family History
1. Properties and Individuals in OWL: Reasoning
About Family History
Robert Stevens and Simon Jupp
BioHealth Informatics Group
University of Manchester
Robert.Stevens@manchester.ac.uk
2. Introduction
• Pizza tutorial teaches the basics of OWL
• Using automated reasoning to build a sophisticated
T Box.
• Not much use of property hierarchies, domain and
range constraints, property characteristics etc.
• Especially not much use of individuals
• This tutorial does all this along with some OWL2
features
• An illustrated tutorial that you can follow
3. Learning Objectives
• The separation in to TBox and ABox
• The separation of classes and individuals and how to
make the decision
• Asserting facts about individuals
• The effects of property hierarchies, property
characteristics, domain/range constraints and role
chains on inferences about individuals
• The consequences of the open world assumption
• The use of nominals
• Some limits of OWL2
4. Why Family History?
• Family history rich with relationships
• Easy to have both a class and instance level
• Everyone has a family, even if it is unknown
• Assumption of a conventional western family
structure
6. What is a Person?
• A Person must have two parents
• A person necessarily has one mother and one
father
• A person necessarily has one birth year
• A person necessarily has ancestors
• A person can have other relations
• All these relationships are deterministic
7. A Simple View on Sex
• This is a simple view on sex that will suffice
Person Sex
MaleFemaleMan Woman
hasSex
isA isA
8. Definitions of Man and Woman
Class: Man
EquivalentTo: Person
that hasSex some Male
• hasSex is Functional
9. Instances of Man and Woman
Individual: robert_david_stevens_1965
Types:
Man
Individual: david_stevens_1934
Types:
Person that hasSex some Male
• Class assertion on an individual
• Indicates to which class an individual belongs
10. TBox and ABox
• TBox – terminology box
• ABox – assertion box
• Historic terms
• TBox – classes (“schema”)
• ABox – individuals (“data”)
• Can have many, changing, ABoxes with one TBox
11. A Bit more Terminology
• Individual, instance, object
• Property, role
• Successor or filler of a property
• Qualifiers: SOME, ONLY, Cardinality
• Class assertion and individual assertion
robert hasBrother some richard
Individual Property Qualifier Successor
12. Demo 1
• Open Family-tree-0.owl
• Individuals: plain-individuals.owl
13. Asserting Parentage
• What do we know about each and every Person?
• Each and every Person has exactly two Parents
• Again, we take a simple, biological view, of parentage
for the moment
• Simply by asserting that
robert_david_stevens_1965 is a Person we
know he has two parents, one mother and one father
14. Functional Characteristic
ObjectProperty: hasMother
Domain: Person
Range: Woman
Characteristics: Functional
Inverses: motherOf
• What do we know about the inverse?
• motherOf has domain Woman
• A Woman can be motherOf more than one Person
• So inverse is not necessarily functional
• The super-property, hasParent, is also not functional
• A Person has more than one parent
• Always think about individuals
16. Domain and Range
• Any individual holding the motherOf property can be
inferred to be of type Woman
• The domain constraint is a strong statement
• The range constraint means only individuals of that
type can be successors to the property; act as fillers
• Both can drive inference
• Domain and range can be inferred for the inverse
(and are swapped)
17. Inverse Functional Characteristic
• motherOf is not functional as one Woman can hold
this property more than once
• The inverse hasMother is function
• The inverse of motherOf is functional: It is inverse
functional motherOf (invFunc)
margaret
richard
robert
motherOf (invFunc)
hasMother (func)
19. Irreflexive Characteristic
• An individual holding this property never holds it with
itself
• One is never ones own father, but can be the father
of others
• By implication the inverse is also irreflexive
brotherOf
Robert_david_stevens_1965 Richard_stevens_1941
brotherOf
20. Symmetric Characteristic
• The inverse of the property is the same
• If x is the sibling of y, then y is the sibling of x
• The property is its own inverse
siblingOf
Robert_david_stevens_1965 Richard_stevens_1941
siblingOf
21. Asymmetric Characteristic
• If x holds a property r with y
• Then y cannot hold that property with x
hasFather
Robert_david_stevens_1965 David_stevens_1941
HasFather
22. Transitive Characteristic
• If x holds property r with y and y holds property r
with z then x holds property r with z
• The relationship is propagated along the chain
• The inverse is also implied
Robert_david_stevens_1965 David_stevens_1941
hasAncestor
William_george_stevens
hasAncestor
hasAncestor
23. Should I Say it Just Because it is True
• Not necessarily
• Ask what implications it drives
• Also ask if the characteristic is always the case
• Sometimes it scuppers the reasoners
24. Property Hierarchies
• We can say that one property is the sub-property of
another property
motherOf SubPropertyOf parentOf
• A property can be the sub-property of more than one
property
• Can drive many inferences
• An individual holding motherOf also holds
parentOf
• And so on until the root property
25. Inferences about Properties
• Run reasoner and see what we know about
motherOf and hasMother
• Show domains and ranges inferred
• See property hierarchy filled in
26. What do we Know of an Instance of Man?
• By giving an individual the type Man we know:
– He hasSex Male
– He has only one mother, who is a Woman
– Has only one father, who is a Man
– He has a birth year
Even if we don’t know their values
The restrictions say what must be true of an individual of that
type
By asserting the individual’s type to be Man, we know these
thing to be true
These facts are implied or entailed
There are many things that could be true of this individual, but
these things must be true
29. Demo 4
• Infer which family members were Victorians
• Born between 1837-1901
30. Inferring One’s Ancestors
• My parents parents are my ancestors etc..
• Create a new super-property of hasParent, make it
transitive
• Now, hasAncestor is implied by hasParent; it is
entailed
• hasAncestor forms a path
Robert_david_stevens_1965 David_stevens_1941
hasAncestor
William_george_stevens
hasAncestor
hasAncestor
32. David is Father of Robert
Individual: david_stevens_1934
Facts:
hasFather william_george_stevens_1901
hasMother iris_ellen_bowmaker_1907,
fatherOf robert_david_stevens_1965,
fatherOf richard_john_stevens_1962
• What type does david_stevens_1934 have?
• How many children does he have?
• Where in the hierarchy would be put hasForeFather?
34. What is a Grandparent?
• We have parentage asserted
• Can we infer grandparents?
• A grandparent is a parent of my parent.
• Don’t want transitivityon hasParent…
• Otherwise my grandfather becomes my father etc…
• Want local transitivity
35. SubProperty Chains
ObjectPropety: hasGrandparent
Domain: Person
Range: Person
SubPropertyChain: hasParent o hasParent
• The chain hasParent followed by hasParent implies
hasGrandparent
• This forms a path
• As usual, think of the individuals
Robert_david_stevens_1965 David_stevens_1941
hasParent
William_george_stevens
hasParent
hasGrandParent
36. Grandfathers
ObjectProperty: hasGrandfather
Domain: Person
Range: Man
SubPropertyChain: hasParent o hasFather
• hasParent followed by hasFather implies
hasGrandfather
Robert_david_stevens_1965 David_stevens_1941
hasParent
William_george_stevens
hasFather
hasGrandFather
38. Great Grandparents etc.
ObjectProperty: hasGreatGrandParent
SubPropertyChain: hasGrandParent o hasParent
• My grandparents parents are my great grandparents
Robert_david_stevens_1965 William_geogre_stevens_1941
hasGrandParent
Henry_edmond_stevens
hasParent
hasGreatGrandParent
39. Superproperties of grandparent Properties
• Are hasGrandparent and hasGreatGrandparent etc.
subproperties of hasParent?
• Think about the implications at the level of individuals
• Robert hasGrandParent william George
• Robert hasGrandParent Iris Ellen
• Does the fact that robert hasGrandfather William
George imply he hasGrandparent William George?
• Does this imply Robert hasParent William George?
• All great grandparents are also grandparents
• Is greatGrandParentOf a sub-property of
grandParentOf?
40. Hierarchies of Parentage Relationships
• Where do these parentage relationships go?
• All grandparents and great-grandparents are also
parents
• All grandfathers are fathers
• All great grandparents are grandparents
• Should these parentage relationships like
hasGrandparent be in a hierarchy underneath
hasParent?
42. Using Individuals in Class Expressions
• The class of all Ancestor is easy
How about AncestorOfRobertStevens?
Class: AncestorOfRobert
EquivalentTo: Person
that ancestorOf value robert_david_stevens_1965
• robert_david_stevens_1965 is a nominal
• Instead of simply saying an individual from this class, we specify
the individual
{robert_david_stevens} is the class containing Robert David
Stevens
• {robert, richard} is the class with richard and robert in it
44. OWL uses an open world assumption
• Just because something hasn’t been said doesn’t
mean it isn’t true
• hasMother is functional, so we know that property
can only be held once
• Do we know robert’s only brother is Richard?
• We’ve said robert has a brother richard
• We simply don’t know unless we limit the number of
brothers
• brotherOf only {richard} as a class assertion
45. The Open World and Individuals
• Ask for Woman that is motherOf min 3 Person
• What do we expect to happen?
• What does the KB tell us about the children of
robert_david_stevens_1965?
• Just because we haven’t said he has children,
doesn’t mean he doesn’t have any?
46. What about my Uncle John?
• My Uncle John has four children
• Asking:
Man that fatherOf min 4 Person
doesn’t find my uncle
• Why not?
• We haven’t told the KB that the four individuals
asserted are actually different
• In a Web environment, the same individual may be
described at many locations with more than one URI
• owl:differentFrom and owl:sameAs
• Make all individuals different
47. Can infer that Individuals are Different
• If we have three individuals with different birth years
• And hasBirthYear is functional
• Then we can infer those individuals are different
without stating it directly
48. Brothers
• Only done parentage so far
• David is brother of John
• John is brother of Peter
• Is brotherOf transitive?
• Domain of brotherOf is Man
• What is the range?
• William George is brotherOf Charlotte
• So range must be person
• William George brotherOf Charlotte
• Charlote hasBrother William George
49. Siblings
• brotherOf and sisterOf both sub-properties of
siblingOf
• siblingOf is symmetric and transitive
• Unlike brother and sister, the inverse holds
• William George is sibling of Charlotte
• Charlotte is sibling of William George
50. Brothers and Siblings
• All inferred to be siblings of each other
david
peter
john
brotherOf
brotherOf
siblingOf
hasBrother
hasBrother
51. Demo 10
• Familt-tree-6.owl
• Individuals-sibling.owl
• Siblings
• We can only infer that Peter and John are siblings
• brotherOf has domain Man and range Person
• Even if we know Peter is a Man (he is fatherOf
james) Man & siblingOf doesn’t imply brotherOf
52. Aunts and Uncles
ObjectProperty: uncleOf
SubPropertyChain: brotherOf o fatherOf
• My parents siblings are my aunts and uncles
• Cannot count with hasUncle
David
brotherOf
Robert
fatherOf
uncleOf
John
54. A Lesson on Cousins
• First cousins share a grandparent, but not a parent
Second cousins share a great grandparent, but not a
grandparent
• Third cousins share a great great grandparent, but
not a great grandparent
• Degree gives closest common ancestor
• Remove gives generation
• My first cousins children are my first cousin once
removed
• Our common ancestor are my grandparents, but
there is an added generation
55. Characteristics of Cousin
• Symmetric: robert firstCousinOf James
• James firstCousinOf Robert
• Not transitive
• James’s cousins are not my cousins (at least, not all
of them…)
56. Sub-Property Chain for firstCousinOf
ObjectProperty: firstCousinOf
SubPropertyChain: hasParent o siblingOf o parentOf
• My parents sibs are my aunts and uncles
• Their children are my first cousins
• Our common ancestor are my grandparents
David
hasParent
Peter
siblingOf
firstCousinOf
Robert James
parentOf
57. Who are Robert’s First Cousins?
• Mart, Ian, Janet, william, Robert, richard, James, Clare, Julie,
Mark, Nicholas
• Robert and Richard!
• I’m my own cousin and so is my brother
• My father is his own brother!
• siblingOf is symmetric and transitive
• David siblingOf John
• John siblingOf David
• There is path from David to David via John
• So David is David’s brother
• Making siblingOf irreflexive is a contradiction!
• Inferences about cousins doesn’t work
59. Simple and Complex Properties
• Properties can be either simple or complex
• Some of our properties are complex
• ancestorOf, uncleOf, parentOf…
• Can’t do some thing with complex properties
60. Complex roles
• A property is complex when it forms a path
• Transitivity or sub-property chains form a path
David
brotherOf
Robert
fatherOf
uncleOf
John
Robert David
hasAncestor
William
hasAncestor
hasAncestor
Path
61. Complex roles and Counting
• Counting i.e. cardinality; max 3, min 2, etc
• One cannot count with complex properties
• ancestorOf min 3 people doesn’t work
• hasAncestor is complex; it forms a path
• parentOf min 3 Person does work as parentOf is
simple
62. What one can do with SubProperty chains
• The pattern:
sub-property chain o property works chain
hasGrandParent o hasParent hasGreatGrandparent
• will work
hasParent o hasGrandParent hasGreatGrandpaernt
• will not
63. Marriage
ObjectProperty: hasWife
SubPropertyChain: malePartnerIn o hasFemalePartner
• Want only one wife at a time
• Needs some more sophisticated modelling of time – functionality
will not do
Marriage_m_and_d
David
Margaret
hasMalePartnerIn
hasFemalePartnerIn
hasWife
malePartnerIn
femalePartnerIn
65. Extending aunt and uncle
• Now we have spouses we can do aunts and uncles
by marriage
• UncleOf implied by husbandOf o sisterOf o parentOf
• We can have more than one sub-property chain per
property
66. What Works
• Most things except cousins
• Full and half sibs don’t work
• Need some rules
• Also, using properties such as grandparentOf and
greatGrantParentOf in class expressions doesn’t
always give the desired TBox
• OWL2 features very powerful, but there are
limitations
67. Should we Use OWL for this?
• Relational databases and/or Prolog do family history
much better than OWL
• Very regular and complete knowledge
• In some ways OWL not good for this domain
• Good for teaching about inviduals and properties
• More irregular and implete things can be hung off
family history
• Roles, processes…
69. Reflexive Characteristic
• The reflexive property means an individual holding
this property always holds it with itself
• One is always one of one’s own relations
• By implication the inverse of hasRelation is also
reflexive
• Proper part of is not reflexive
hasRelation
Robert_david_stevens_1965 Margaret_stevens_1941
hasRelation