2. — a training and treatment that focuses on
helping people achieve independence in all
areas of their lives — can offer kids with
various needs positive, fun activities to
improve their cognitive, physical, and motor
skills and enhance their self-esteem and
sense of accomplishment.
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3. Severe developmental delays learn some self care skills -
bathing, getting dressed, brushing their teeth, and feeding
themselves
Behavioral disorders - Anger-management
Functional Academic - Readiness skill, teaching and learning
Physical disabilities - Coordination skills and Functional
independence
Assistive & adaptive equipments – recommended
wheelchairs, splints, bathing equipment, dressing devices, or
communication aids
Sensory and attention issues - improve focus and social skills
Carrier guidance - Adult independent living skill
6. 6
Developed and conceived by Dr. A. Jean Ayres
Definition: The neurological process that organizes
sensations from one’s own body and from the
environment and makes it possible to use the body
effectively within the environment
7. The neurological process that organizes
sensations from ones own body and from the
environment and makes it possible to use
the body effectively within the environment
S.I. is the organization of sensation for use.
Making a Whole from Parts
8. The five main senses are:
Touch – tactile
Sound – auditory
Sight – visual
Taste – gustatory
Smell – olfactory
12. Modulation refers to the central nervous
system’s regulation of its own activity.
The tendency to generate responses that
are appropriately graded in relation to
incoming sensory stimuli rather than
under reacting and overreacting to
them.
14. Tactile discrimination & perception problems
› Hyporesponsivity of Touch
› Hyperresponsivity of Touch
Proprioception problems
› Hyporesponsivity of Proprioception
› Hyporesponsivity of Proprioception
Visual perceptual problems
Other perceptual problems
15. Touches people and objects constantly.
Unawareness of touch
Poor body awareness
Decrease awareness of pain or temperature
Chew inedible objects like finger nails, hairs,
toys, pencils.
Hand flapping and clapping most of the time.
Sits on hand.
Hand fidgeting.
Pushing against objects or people.
Self injuries behavior
16. Tactile Defensiveness (TD) that means
oversensitivity to unexpected light touch.
FFF- Fright, Flight, Fight.
Dislikes messy activities- painting.
Dislikes bathing, brushing, cutting hair &
nails.
Avoid certain texture of cloth.
Oversensitivity of palmer aspects of hand,
feet and face.
Avoid eating some types of food.
Avoid going barefoot- grass or sand.
17. Continually seeks all kinds of movement
activity
Hangs on other people ,furniture, objects
Seems to have weak muscles, tires easily,
Poor sense of body awareness
Difficulty in carrying objects
Clench his teeth
Walks on toes
19. Routinely smells nonfood objects
Seeks out certain tastes or smells
Lick or Taste inedible objects
20. 1. Gross motor skills
Handwriting
Shabby note book
Project work delay
Slow in copying from the board
2. Fine motor skills
Poor fine motor skills
Avoid ordinary class room activity
Poor hand writing
Poor eye hand coordination
Poor in self help skills
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22. Challenging behaviors are part of
growing up in any child. They are
sometimes difficult to handle in a
children with severe disabilities
because of communication difficulties
Reasons for these behaviors can be
multifold and so also the strategies.
Consistent and patient handling is the
key to success
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24. Watch for:
• Pattern and severity of ongoing behavior
• Consider:
• Intensity
• Frequency
• Duration
• Developmental level
• Skill level
• History
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25. 1. Why: possible reasons
2. When
3. How often
4. What
◦ Starts it
◦ Stops it
5. What has been done:
◦ Current goals for behavior
◦ Alternative behaviors?
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26. 6. What does the child like? What does the
child do well?
7. Function of the inappropriate behavior
◦ How does the inappropriate behavior
affect the child’s relationship with
others
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27. Restlessness
Disturbing other children
Making sounds
Getting too close to a peer
Touching and talking
Screaming
Resisting to copy from the board or to write
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35. • Instructions in a soft but firm voice.
• High-pitched noise can be painful to
hypersensitive child
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36. get stressed,
discuss behaviors,
give- in,
provide multiple choices,
attempt to desensitize the child to
sensory input
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37. • Control the environment - Reduce sensory
overload and distractions
• Provide comfortable furniture
• Maintain consistent routine, plan transitions and
adequate breaks
• Provide physical feedback
• Keep realistic expectations
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39. • Recognize the difficulties so you will know how to
deal with them
• Set small targets and work consistently towards
them
• Remember he/she is a ‘child’. Have ‘fun’ with
your child
• Child and Classroom / School centered goals will
always give you the best results
• When in need, seek other professional’s help
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41. You are here to help the child
Child is the priority
Understand your child better to help the child
better
Understand the condition
Be a communication bridge between parent,
teacher, school, and the therapist
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42. Know when to withdraw your assistance to
the child
Know when to wean off from the child
Ask for support and help from the therapist
/Sr. Special Educator when needed.
Special PT – be with child and help
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43. Don’t get emotionally attached
Do not leave the child alone at any point of
time
Do not discus about your child or about any
other child with others
When the child is aggressive or assaultive –
protect the child and yourself(Demo)
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