Manage soil to manage water – Manage soil to Manage Water: Creating co-benefits or watershed management through data that matters – 2023 Water for Food Global Conference.pptx
“Manage soil to manage water” by Karla Lara, Karla Trujillo, Bayron Cazún, Jennie Barron, and Jack Alexander at the 2023 Water for Food Global Conference. A recording of the presentation can be found on the conference playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSBeKOIXsg3JNyPowwJj6NDSpx4vlnCYj.
Improving Water Productivity: options at farm level.ICARDA
Presentation by Mr. Atef Swelam (ICARDA),
Technical Session 8: “Water productivity as the cornerstone of water-limited food production.”
Monday 21/10/2019
Cairo, Egypt, October 20-24, 2019. The 2nd Cairo Water Week (CWW)
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is How smart is climate smart agriculture? by Ngonidzashe Chirinda, a CLIFF student with CCAFS Low Emission Development.
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
What will it take to establish a climate smart agricultural world? Presentation on the problems, solutions and key challenges in Climate Smart Agriculture. Presentation made in the Wayamba Conference in Sri Lanka, August 2014.
Improving Water Productivity: options at farm level.ICARDA
Presentation by Mr. Atef Swelam (ICARDA),
Technical Session 8: “Water productivity as the cornerstone of water-limited food production.”
Monday 21/10/2019
Cairo, Egypt, October 20-24, 2019. The 2nd Cairo Water Week (CWW)
The Climate Food and Farming (CLIFF) Research Network is an international research network that helps to expand young researchers' knowledge and experience working on climate change mitigation in smallholder farming. CLIFF provides grants for selected doctoral students to work with CGIAR researchers affiliated with the Standard Assessment of Mitigation Potential and Livelihoods in Smallholder Systems (SAMPLES) project.
This presentation is How smart is climate smart agriculture? by Ngonidzashe Chirinda, a CLIFF student with CCAFS Low Emission Development.
Presentation on success stories and challenges ahead to make global agriculture more climate smart. Brownbag presentation in the WorldBank on 15th May by Andy Jarvis from the CCAFS program of the CGIAR.
What will it take to establish a climate smart agricultural world? Presentation on the problems, solutions and key challenges in Climate Smart Agriculture. Presentation made in the Wayamba Conference in Sri Lanka, August 2014.
Sean McMahon - Farmer-led Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
Farmer-led Efforts to Improve Water Quality - Sean McMahon, Iowa Agriculture Water Alliance, from the 2016 Iowa Pork Congress, January 27-28, Des Moines, IA, USA.
More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-iowa-pork-congress
Presentation given by Ladi Asgill of Sustainable Conservation at the Session: "Water, Energy and Climate Change" at the Great Valley Center's Sacramento Valley Forum on October 28, 2009 in Chico, CA.
Irrigation in a broader systems and development context
Claudia Ringler & Sehrish Raja
International Food Policy Research Institute
IWMI Pakistan Office | May 5, 2023
Agricultural Water Management: The Key to Food Security in a Changing World - David Molden, Deputy Director General, International Water Management Institute
Presented by Craig Meisner, country director WorldFish Bangladesh and co-basin leader CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food Ganges program
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Closing Keynote Presentation from the Financial Times Water Summit from Doug ...Ecolab
How can business achieve growth in an era of water scarcity? Ecolab is on the ground at more than one million customer locations globally and is seeing a mindset shift - business is starting to think of water as a contributor to value creation, and make proactive water management decisions before policy demands action. Current technology can significantly reduce industrial water use - a risk-adjusted price for water helps drive priority investments that save money and enable growth. Industrial automation and data analytics are providing much-needed insights. We can take action now to secure or future prosperity.
As part of the seminar held by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with IWMI, World fish and ICARDA “Options for improving irrigation water efficiency for sustainable agricultural development”.
By M. Maniruzzaman, J.C. Bisawas, M.A.I. Khan, G.W. Sarker, S.S. Haque, J.K. Biswas, M.H. Sarker, M.A. Rashid, N.U. Sekhar, A. Nemes, S. Xenarios, J. Deelstra
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Claudia Ringler
SEMINAR
Irrigation Investment Policy: Does Scale Matter?
Co-organized by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and IFPRI
MAY 24, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:30AM EDT
Poster on Sustainable home gardens circular, vertical, traditional: climate challenge, research question, practice description, technical aspects, implementation, results and contribution to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) pillars. Author: CCAFS Latin America. Please credit accordingly.
Resource utilization and managing conflict in the pastoral community of Ethio...ILRI
Presentation by Dr Tilahun Amede for the 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture and the 18th Annual Meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, October 25-28, 2010.
Alexandria Effluent Reuse is a key of minimizing expected climatic changes impacts through: 1- Minimize sea water soil intrusion problem. 2- Preventing flooding problems and sea pollution from pumping the mixed lake maryout water and disposed wastewater from Qalaa drain, Noubaria Drain and West treatment plant outfall. 3- Improve climatic condition of the west desert of Alexandria. The overall goal of the effluent reuse project is to catalyze change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future
“Local Solutions to Drought: Groundwater Transfers in Nebraska ” by Renata Rimsaite at the 2023 Water for Food Global Conference. A recording of the presentation can be found on the conference playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSBeKOIXsg3JNyPowwJj6NDSpx4vlnCYj.
“Drought risk financing: Why writing the last chapter first matters" by Markus Enenkel at the 2023 Water for Food Global Conference. A recording of the presentation can be found on the conference playlist: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLSBeKOIXsg3JNyPowwJj6NDSpx4vlnCYj.
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Sean McMahon - Farmer-led Efforts to Improve Water QualityJohn Blue
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More presentations at http://www.swinecast.com/2016-iowa-pork-congress
Presentation given by Ladi Asgill of Sustainable Conservation at the Session: "Water, Energy and Climate Change" at the Great Valley Center's Sacramento Valley Forum on October 28, 2009 in Chico, CA.
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Agricultural Water Management: The Key to Food Security in a Changing World - David Molden, Deputy Director General, International Water Management Institute
Presented by Craig Meisner, country director WorldFish Bangladesh and co-basin leader CGIAR Challenge Program on Water and Food Ganges program
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Closing Keynote Presentation from the Financial Times Water Summit from Doug ...Ecolab
How can business achieve growth in an era of water scarcity? Ecolab is on the ground at more than one million customer locations globally and is seeing a mindset shift - business is starting to think of water as a contributor to value creation, and make proactive water management decisions before policy demands action. Current technology can significantly reduce industrial water use - a risk-adjusted price for water helps drive priority investments that save money and enable growth. Industrial automation and data analytics are providing much-needed insights. We can take action now to secure or future prosperity.
As part of the seminar held by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in collaboration with IWMI, World fish and ICARDA “Options for improving irrigation water efficiency for sustainable agricultural development”.
By M. Maniruzzaman, J.C. Bisawas, M.A.I. Khan, G.W. Sarker, S.S. Haque, J.K. Biswas, M.H. Sarker, M.A. Rashid, N.U. Sekhar, A. Nemes, S. Xenarios, J. Deelstra
Revitalizing the Ganges Coastal Zone Conference
21-23 October 2014, Dhaka, Bangladesh
http://waterandfood.org/ganges-conference/
Claudia Ringler
SEMINAR
Irrigation Investment Policy: Does Scale Matter?
Co-organized by United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and IFPRI
MAY 24, 2022 - 9:30 TO 11:30AM EDT
Poster on Sustainable home gardens circular, vertical, traditional: climate challenge, research question, practice description, technical aspects, implementation, results and contribution to climate-smart agriculture (CSA) pillars. Author: CCAFS Latin America. Please credit accordingly.
Resource utilization and managing conflict in the pastoral community of Ethio...ILRI
Presentation by Dr Tilahun Amede for the 5th All Africa Conference on Animal Agriculture and the 18th Annual Meeting of the Ethiopian Society of Animal Production (ESAP), Addis Ababa, October 25-28, 2010.
Alexandria Effluent Reuse is a key of minimizing expected climatic changes impacts through: 1- Minimize sea water soil intrusion problem. 2- Preventing flooding problems and sea pollution from pumping the mixed lake maryout water and disposed wastewater from Qalaa drain, Noubaria Drain and West treatment plant outfall. 3- Improve climatic condition of the west desert of Alexandria. The overall goal of the effluent reuse project is to catalyze change towards more sustainable urban water management in the "City of the Future
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More from Daugherty Water for Food Global Institute (20)
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
Cancer cell metabolism: special Reference to Lactate PathwayAADYARAJPANDEY1
Normal Cell Metabolism:
Cellular respiration describes the series of steps that cells use to break down sugar and other chemicals to get the energy we need to function.
Energy is stored in the bonds of glucose and when glucose is broken down, much of that energy is released.
Cell utilize energy in the form of ATP.
The first step of respiration is called glycolysis. In a series of steps, glycolysis breaks glucose into two smaller molecules - a chemical called pyruvate. A small amount of ATP is formed during this process.
Most healthy cells continue the breakdown in a second process, called the Kreb's cycle. The Kreb's cycle allows cells to “burn” the pyruvates made in glycolysis to get more ATP.
The last step in the breakdown of glucose is called oxidative phosphorylation (Ox-Phos).
It takes place in specialized cell structures called mitochondria. This process produces a large amount of ATP. Importantly, cells need oxygen to complete oxidative phosphorylation.
If a cell completes only glycolysis, only 2 molecules of ATP are made per glucose. However, if the cell completes the entire respiration process (glycolysis - Kreb's - oxidative phosphorylation), about 36 molecules of ATP are created, giving it much more energy to use.
IN CANCER CELL:
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
Unlike healthy cells that "burn" the entire molecule of sugar to capture a large amount of energy as ATP, cancer cells are wasteful.
Cancer cells only partially break down sugar molecules. They overuse the first step of respiration, glycolysis. They frequently do not complete the second step, oxidative phosphorylation.
This results in only 2 molecules of ATP per each glucose molecule instead of the 36 or so ATPs healthy cells gain. As a result, cancer cells need to use a lot more sugar molecules to get enough energy to survive.
introduction to WARBERG PHENOMENA:
WARBURG EFFECT Usually, cancer cells are highly glycolytic (glucose addiction) and take up more glucose than do normal cells from outside.
Otto Heinrich Warburg (; 8 October 1883 – 1 August 1970) In 1931 was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology for his "discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme.
WARNBURG EFFECT : cancer cells under aerobic (well-oxygenated) conditions to metabolize glucose to lactate (aerobic glycolysis) is known as the Warburg effect. Warburg made the observation that tumor slices consume glucose and secrete lactate at a higher rate than normal tissues.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
(May 29th, 2024) Advancements in Intravital Microscopy- Insights for Preclini...Scintica Instrumentation
Intravital microscopy (IVM) is a powerful tool utilized to study cellular behavior over time and space in vivo. Much of our understanding of cell biology has been accomplished using various in vitro and ex vivo methods; however, these studies do not necessarily reflect the natural dynamics of biological processes. Unlike traditional cell culture or fixed tissue imaging, IVM allows for the ultra-fast high-resolution imaging of cellular processes over time and space and were studied in its natural environment. Real-time visualization of biological processes in the context of an intact organism helps maintain physiological relevance and provide insights into the progression of disease, response to treatments or developmental processes.
In this webinar we give an overview of advanced applications of the IVM system in preclinical research. IVIM technology is a provider of all-in-one intravital microscopy systems and solutions optimized for in vivo imaging of live animal models at sub-micron resolution. The system’s unique features and user-friendly software enables researchers to probe fast dynamic biological processes such as immune cell tracking, cell-cell interaction as well as vascularization and tumor metastasis with exceptional detail. This webinar will also give an overview of IVM being utilized in drug development, offering a view into the intricate interaction between drugs/nanoparticles and tissues in vivo and allows for the evaluation of therapeutic intervention in a variety of tissues and organs. This interdisciplinary collaboration continues to drive the advancements of novel therapeutic strategies.
Manage soil to manage water – Manage soil to Manage Water: Creating co-benefits or watershed management through data that matters – 2023 Water for Food Global Conference.pptx
1. Manage soil to manage water
Creating co-benefits for watershed management through data that matters in El Salvador
2. K A R L A L A R A
Monitoring Coordinator
CRS El Salvador
K A R L A T R U J I L L O
Administrator
Tierra Saludable Ameyalli
B A Y R O N C A Z Ú N
Marketing & Communications
RainDrop
J E N N I E B A R R O N
Professor of Agricultural Water Management
Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences
J A C K A L E X A N D E R
Senior Resource Specialist
Synergy Resource Solutions, Inc.
7. 400,000
Farmers
Main issues that farmers are
facing in El Salvador:
• Land tenure: 90% of farmers
have less than 3 hectares of
land.
• Lack of technical assistance:
less than 10% of farmers
have access to agricultural
extension services.
• Extreme weather events.
19. Scaling the Network Locally
TSA farmers per year
0
250
500
750
1000
1250
1500
2019 2020 2021 2022 2023
5
Managed area
430 ha
(1,062 acres)
50 170
711
1,500
Year
Number
of
farmers
Projection
20. Local Champion
Carlos Agreda
“I'm an old farmer, but I adapt to change”.
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
2019 2020 2021 2022
Yield (Bushel/Acre) Cost (USD/Acre)
103
Corn yields and costs of production 2019-2022
Bushel
/
Acre
$
/
Acre
462
41
549
323
231
53
62
37. Are (rainfed) production landscapes
transforming into better states?
• Globally 75% crop land and grazing
rainfed
• Manage soils for nutritious crops and
healthy water
• What are the needs forward?
Document 4 cases of successful scaled rainfed intensification (C. America, India, Ethiopia, Brazil)
38. Example Bhundelkand (India):
Research and innovation co-design farming systems
under new rainfall regimes
Re designed haveli RWH , Bhundelkahnd region (ICRISAT)
Eg Garg et al , 2020; Anantha et al , 2021
Since 2017, KISAN MITrA initiative
Re-design soil/water/crop technology
Impact
- <20 000 farmers
- Yields increased +50%
- Water infiltration, reduce runoff: -30-50%
In 2000: Increasing aridity, traditional
rainwater mgt not viable
39. Example Scaling Water Smart Agriculture (C. America):
Development action with science input in co-design rainfed systems
Farmer technician and numerator exploring soil cover options
Courtesy CRS
WSA impact on maize yield in soil fertility (phosphorus)
limiting, and water limiting, sites in 2018 (N=973 farms)
40. Investments need to find the
water and soil in rainfed systems!
• Transformation happens in production
landscapes and can be measured
(environment, economic, social)
• Critical components are known: farmer-
centric and evidence - based/new
knowledge
• Process of 10-30 years before scaled
evidence
Thank you!
RainDrop consultancy lab for soil health (2023 El Salvador)
41.
42. www.raices.sv
Instagram, Facebook & Twitter as somosraicessv
K A R L A L A R A
karla.lara@crs.org
K A R L A T R U J I L L O
tierrasaludableameyalli@gmail.com
B A Y R O N C A Z Ú N
info@raindropimpact.org
J E N N I E B A R R O N
jennie.barron@slu.se
J A C K A L E X A N D E R
jack@countgrass.com
Editor's Notes
Introduce El Salvador to the audience
El Salvador it´s located in Central America and it is the smallest country in the region. It’s almost the size of New Jersey, here in United Sates.
The agricultural landscape in El Salvador is mostly crops and livestock, reaching 51% of the country. We have small patches of forest through the country, especially in high elevations. Recent data indicates that the forest cover in the count is only 27%.
Over the years the forest has been reduced due to the expansion of the agricultural border, and with this, poor agriculture practices, such as burning and excessive use of pesticides, causing, not only an impact on the soil but also on the quantity and quality of our streams and rivers.
The main crops in El Salvador are mostly corn, beans, and sorghum, followed by sugar cane and coffee in a larger scale. Corn, beans, and sorghum represents about 20% of the value of agricultural production in general, so, for Salvadorian, especially farmers, the importance of these crops is not only economical, but also social, cultural, and environmental.
In El Salvador, we have 400,000 (four hundred thousand) farmers, and a big majority are smallholder rainfed farmers. These farmers produce about 75% of the corn and beans consumed in El Salvador. So, if these farmers have problems, we all have. The main issues that these farmers are facing in El Salvador are:
Land tenure: 90% of farmers have less than 3 hectares of land, and the vast majority are renting these lands year by year, making this difficult to implement conservation practices in their farms.
Lack of technical assistance: less than 10% of smallholder farmers in El Salvador have access to agricultural extension services. Most of the national agriculture budget goes to seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides in order to increase food production, without any assistance in conservation agriculture and land restoration.
Extreme weather events: erratic weather patterns such as high-intensity storms and frequent dry stretches during the “rainy season” make it difficult for farmers to know when to plant.
As a response to these problems, CRS started working with local partners to promote Water Smart Agriculture (WSA) practices, through the development of an extension network of farmers based on “learning by doing” methodology between field technicians, community leaders and farmers.
Why doing this? Because we know the only way that farmers will adopt conservation practices is when they are seeing positive results in their farms.
We are working across El Salvador with multiple local actors, and in multiple contexts. Coffee in the highlands, and corn and beans in the lowlands, for example:
“The Blue Harvest initiative” – is basically the application of WSA practices in key watershed to protect and restore water resources. In El Salvador, this initiative is oriented on coffee farms located in medium and high elevation, where water is being produced.
In number, so far, we have reached: - 9,000 (nine thousand) coffee farmers applying WSA practices- 18,000 (eighteen thousand) hectares of farms improved with WSA
And then, we have RAICES, an 8-year initiative funded by The Howard G. Buffett Foundation (HGBF), to promote conservation agriculture in a larger scale. In four years of work, we were able to increase the number of farmers participating in the program by 13% and we have reached almost 4,000 (four thousand) hectares of land under WSA.
RAICES is not only building a network of farmers, but also creating a network of partners and local actors. Thanks to these efforts, it has been possible to establish a dynamic of co creation with all these institutions, allowing innovation and capacity building in the territory.
The experience shows that agriculture landscape restoration, based on WSA approaches and the extension network of farmers, offers a great opportunity to restore degraded farmland and improve the livelihood of farming families. RAICES and its partners have demonstrated clear benefits of WSA practices to smallholder farmers. For example, we have farmers that have been applying WSA practices in their farms for more than two or three seasons, and now, they are getting higher yields, making the farms more productive.
Building on lessons learned from WSA and RAICES, we are starting to extend the impact in El Salvador, by incorporating this approach into large-scale emergency response and resilience programming, with the financial support of of USAID Bureau of Humanitarian Assistance (BHA).
RAICES El Salvador in Chalatenango and PROSPERA (“Thrive”), are short-term projects located in different parts of the country. Both projects are working at the community level to improve food security and to provide technical assistance with WSA practices to farming families in order to recover from the impact of crop losses due to extreme weather events.
This map shows the growth and scaling of our work in the country. Thanks to the interventions of RAICES in western El Salvador, and the USAID-funded programs in the north and east of the country, we have reached nearly 5,500 (five thousand five hundred) smallholder farmers who are implementing WSA practices and contributing to the restoration of the landscape.
In all these experiences we have learned that “keeping it simple and putting the farmers first” is key for the success in each agriculture program. The decision to aimed on a few WSA practices, such as cover crops, no burning, 4R for fertilization and crop stubble management and to come up with field-based results, makes the greatest difference for farmers.
1. C America: Rainfed intensification
2. India Bundelkhand (UP, MP) region watersheds
3. Brazil, Parana State: Conservation agriculture for watersheds
4. Ethiopia Sust. Land Magt Program (SLMP)
In 2000 : degradation , shift in rainfall papetrn and amount
traditional haveli and other water infrsatructure nopt delivering ..
partnership in research , farmers, local council
innovations of Haveli , innovations in crop system
monitor landscape water balance d to distribute water for productive use in 2 season Rabi ?
Example : runoff reduce
Waterbalance redistribution (through infiltration m, storage ) reduce runogff (ca 50% ) increase Gw recharge (double) and Eta (ca +10%)
Since 2017 Knowledge Intensive Sustainable Network Mission India for Transforming Agriculture (KISAN MITrA).
now reaching 20 000 farmers , across several district , and pilot (demo) catchments alone covers 5000ha
in Sweden 60 000 registered farmer enterprise , but only 16 000 fulltime farmers
Means
Co-design with researchers
Capacity building
Improved cultivars and practises
I would like to to make a call for evidence based inevetsmts also into rainfed systesm , for food nutrition and for sustainability
Transformations are happening to scale , and can be measured in environment soicla and economic benefits , this was shown in our case study , and detailed exampels were provided by Carla dn Byron
In addition to technologies and best practises in soil water and crop management (many known , but often still to be innovated) , there are ke process components that emerge : the farmer centric approach and the need for a evidence (science) based approach . It helps reinventing wheels and helps both sciences and practitioners to accelerate change
However , processes are partner intensive , and takes time! So the stable investments are fundamental . When they are there , the budgets has the opportunity work for more and for bigger areas