Kaushal Lunagariya presented on membrane separation processes. The presentation introduced membrane types including micro porous, asymmetric, and film composite membranes. It also discussed membrane materials commonly used to prepare membranes like cellulose derivatives and polysulfone. Module designs were covered including plate and frame, tubular, spiral wound and hollow fiber. The key applications and advantages of inorganic membranes were also highlighted.

1. INTRODUCTION OF MEMBRANE
SEPARATION PROCESSES
PRESENTED BY.
NAME : KAUSHAL A. LUNAGARIYA
ENROLL NO. : 180470105030
SUBJECT : ADVANCE SEPARATION PROCESSES
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2.  OUTLINE :
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• 1. Types of Membranes.
• 2. Membrane Materials.
• 3. Membrane Modules.
• 4. Synthesis of Membrane.

3.  MEMBRANE :
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• Membrane is use very essentially in the filtration and
desalinationprocess.
• The root of the word“membrane”comes from
Latinword,“membrana”that means skin.
• Word“membrane”is a physical barrier made of solid or liquid which
separates two different distinct phases and plays the vital role to
actas selective barrier to allow the transportation of the
substancesthrough it under the influence of some driving force.

4.  TYPES OF MEMBRANE :
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5.  MICRO POROUS MEMBRANES :
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• Similar in structure and function to that of conventional filter.
• diameter of pore is in order of 0.001 to 10micron.
• The microporous membranes are further classified as
1. Isotropic:Here the pore are of uniform size throughout the membrane.
2. Anisotopic:Here the pore change in size from one surface of themembrane to the other.

6.  ASYMMENTRIC MEMBRANES :
• It is greatest breakthrough in membrane R and D.
• It is also referred as skinned membrane and are characterized by athin 0.1 to 1.0micron skin on
the surface of the membrane.
• Separation characteristics are determined by nature,pore size andmass transport rate is
determined by the skin thickness.
It also have the support layer for thin skin and have significant effecton separation.
• They are further classified in two types:
• 1. Integrally skinned:Skin layer resulting from phase inversionprocess,which are porous.
• 2. Non-integrally skinned:Here, skin layers are deposited from solution andare homogeneous in
nature.
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7.  THE FILM COMPOSITE :
• Greatest breakthrough in late 1970s. These are second generation
• membranes.
• Developed for RO and NF.
• Successful production of these membranes requires a very finelyporous substrate to
which the thin film can adhere well.
• Pore of substrate must be smaller in diameter than the thickness ofthe film to be applied.
• Superior to Cellulose acetate in terms ofpH,stability,temperature,pressure,flux,rejection
• However they have a greater biofouling tendency than CA.
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8.  INORGANIC MEMBRANES :
• Also known as ceramic membrane versatile in elevated temperature.
• Metal membrane are stable in temperature range of 500-800 c.
• Ceramic membrane are stable over 1000 c and also have good resistance of
chemical and corrosion because of wide varietly of material available.
• Inorganic membranes offer potential applications for :
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9. K
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Membrane Modules :
• For Practical applications membranes are installed in a suitable
device,
which is referred to as membrane module.
• There are basically four different design of membrane modules
are most
commonly used.These are:
1. Plate and Frame
2. Tubular
3. Spiral wound
4. Hollow fiber
• The techno-economic factors for the selection,design and operation of
membrane modules includes cost of supporting material,power consumption
and ease in replaceability.

10. MEMBRANES MATERIAL :
• There are more than 100 different materials in the patent and scientificliterature from which membrane
have been made.
• Majority of them are polymers,co-polymers and remaining are ceramicor minerals membranes.
• The polymers which are extensively used for preparation of membraneare classified in three
category.
1. Rubbery polymer
I operates at a tempe. above glass transition temp.
I These polymers have high fluxes of organics and low fluxes of water.
I e:g Silicone rubber,Polyvinylammoniumthiocynate,etc
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2. Glass Polymer
I Operate temp. lower than glass transition tempe. is known as glasspolymer.
I These polymers are either amorphous or crystalline.
I e:g Polycarbonate,Cellulose acetate
3. Ionexchange Polymer
I These are ion exchange resin made in the form of membrane.
I These are having ionic charge on the polymeric segment.
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12. FOLLOWING ARE THE WIDELY USED MEMBRANE
MATERIALS. :
1. Cellulose derivative
I Source: Highest concentration of alpha cellulose, most of celluloseacetate and nitrate are use.
I CN was the first polymer utilize for the filtration.
I CA has good hydrophilicity
I Wide range of pore size
• Disadvantages
I Narrow temperature range(30-40 °C).
I Low PH range(3 to 6 pH)
I Poor resistance Chlorine.
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13. .
• 2. Polysulfone
I Is codensation product of bisphenol-A(C15H16O2) anddichlorodiphenyl sulfone(C12H8Cl2O2S).
• Advantages
I High molecular immobility
I High rigidity
I Creep resistance
I Operating temp.(75°C to 125 °C).
I pH(1 to 10)
I Good Chlorine resistance.
I Pore range 10°A to 0.2μ
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14. THANK YOU
PREPARAED BY. KAUSHAL LUNAGARIYA
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