The male reproductive system consists of internal and external organs that work together to produce sperm and facilitate reproduction. The testes produce sperm and the hormone testosterone, while the gonadal tract transports sperm and includes the epididymis and ductus deferens. Accessory glands like the seminal vesicles and prostate produce fluids that nourish and transport sperm. The penis is involved in depositing sperm into the female reproductive tract during sexual intercourse.
Coagulation: In medicine, the clotting of blood. The process by which the blood clots to form solid masses, or clots.
More than 30 types of cells and substances in blood affect clotting. The process is initiated by blood platelets. Platelets produce a substance that combines with calcium ions in the blood to form thromboplastin, which in turn converts the protein prothrombin into thrombin in a complex series of reactions. Thrombin, a proteolytic enzyme, converts fibrinogen, a protein substance, into fibrin, an insoluble protein that forms an intricate network of minute threadlike structures called fibrils and causes the blood plasma to gel. The blood cells and plasma are enmeshed in the network of fibrils to form the clot.
here in this presentation you will be studying about cell cycle , cell checkpoints , cell cycle regulators etc .
very informative slides by anshika singh
Coagulation: In medicine, the clotting of blood. The process by which the blood clots to form solid masses, or clots.
More than 30 types of cells and substances in blood affect clotting. The process is initiated by blood platelets. Platelets produce a substance that combines with calcium ions in the blood to form thromboplastin, which in turn converts the protein prothrombin into thrombin in a complex series of reactions. Thrombin, a proteolytic enzyme, converts fibrinogen, a protein substance, into fibrin, an insoluble protein that forms an intricate network of minute threadlike structures called fibrils and causes the blood plasma to gel. The blood cells and plasma are enmeshed in the network of fibrils to form the clot.
here in this presentation you will be studying about cell cycle , cell checkpoints , cell cycle regulators etc .
very informative slides by anshika singh
3. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
TESTIS
Type of structure – parenchymal lobulated
Stroma – Connective tissue + smooth myocytes + elastic fibres
- Capsule - tunica albuginea (DCT + serosa)
- Mediastinum (DCT)
- Interlobular septae (DCT)
- Intralobular LCT with calillaries and intersticial (endocrine) cells
Parenchyma – seminiferous tubules
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4. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Peculiarities of stroma in testis
- T.albuginea is covered by serosa
- includes SM and EF
- in lobules fenestrated capillaries are located
- Intersticial cell – endocrine – produce TESTOSTERON
- endocrine function is under the hypothalamo-pituatary system control (LH)
- interstitial (Leidig) cells form groups near capllaries, have round N and
oxyphilic cytoplasm
- EM: smooth ER, mitochondriae with tubulo-vesicular crysts, lipid droplets,
crystalloid.
5. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SEMINIFEROUS TULULES
1. Convoluted
2. 1-4 tubules in one lobule
3. Wall is lined by epitheliospermatogenic layer (ESL)
4. ESL includes supporting (Sertolli) cells +
spermatogenic cells
5. Surrounded by myoid cells.
6. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Sertolly`s cells
- Pyramidal shape
- Processes are joined by tight junctions and
subdivide ESL into 2 poles
- Poles: basal and adluminal
- make microenvironment for prermatogenic cells
- Participate in formation of blood-testis barrier
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7. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATOGENIC cells
- Spermatogonia
- Primary spermatocytes
- Secondary spermatocytes
- Spermatides
- Spermatozoa
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8. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
SPERMATOGENESIS includes:
1. Proliferation (mitosis)
2. Growth (prophase of 1st meiotic division)
3. Maturation (1st and 2nd meiotic division)
4. Formation (differentiation – spermiogenesis)
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9. MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Spermiogenesis includes changes of:
1. Shape
2. Size of Nucleus
3. Number of mitochondriae
4. Location of Golgi apparatus
3. Acrosome formation
4. Microtubules arrangement with tail formation
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