This document discusses different measurement tools and their uses. It describes how length, width, thickness and other linear dimensions can be measured using tools like metre rules, measuring tapes, vernier calipers and micrometer screw gauges, with their typical measurement ranges and accuracies. Mass is measured using balances and the SI unit for mass is kg. Area is measured in square meters and volume in cubic meters. Regular and irregular shapes require different measurement techniques.

1. Making measurement

2. it is measured by using metre rules,
measuring tapes, vernier caliper and
micrometer screw gauge
the SI unit is meter
the accuracy of a measurement is
dependent upon the smallest division
on the scale of the instrument
Measuring
lenght

3. Metre rule
to measure lengths from a few
centimetres up to 1 m
the accuracy is 0.1 cm

4. Measuring
tape
to measure lengths
more than 1 m, flexible,
accuracy 0.1 cm

5. Vernier caliper
can be used to measure the size, such as
diameter of thickness of an object
accurately up to 15 cm
the accuracy is 0.01 cm

7. How to read vernier caliper
Find the location on the main scale that lines up
with the 0 mark of the vernier scale. In the figure
this would be between 1.1 and 1.2 cm. We will
record the lower bounds on the range and use the
vernier scale to find the next digits.
Find the mark on the vernier scale that most
closely aligns with any mark on the main scale.
Here, the 6 and 7 on the vernier scale are very
close, but 6.5 lines up best with one of the marks
on the main scale. This value is the number of
hundredths of centimeters (or tenths of
millimeters). So, the second reading is 0.065 cm.
Add the two values together to get the total
reading: 1.1 cm + 0.065 cm = 1.165 cm

8. Example
6.35 cm

10. micrometer screw gauge can be used to
measure the size, such as the thickness.
very thin object like a sheet of paper.
the accuracy of a vernier caliper is 0.01
mm or 0.001 cm
Micrometer
screw gauge

12. how to read
micrometer
screw gauge
Step 1: Check for zero error. This will be covered in more details
later. Here, we assume there is no zero error.
Step 2: Place the object between anvil and spindle, and turn the
thimble until the anvil and spindle grip the object. Then turn the
ratchet until it starts to click for careful tightening as shown in
the above diagram.
Step 3: Read the main scale reading at the edge of the thimble. In
this case, the reading on the main scale is 4.5 mm.

15. mass is the amount of matter in an object
it is measured by using beam balance or
electronic balance
the SI unit is kg
Measuring
mass

18. An area is the size of the surface of an
object
the SI unit for area is squared metres
Measuring
Area

19. Regular
object

20. Irregular
object

22. Volume is a measure of the space
occupied by an object
the SI unit for volume is cubic metres
Measuring
volume

23. Regular
object

24. Irregular
object