Making Long Term FM Decisions - Integrative Case
Title: Analyzing Long Term Financial Decision Making in the Firm (Learning Demonstration 3)
Initial Steps to Completion:
1. Organize your team, choose a leader, and accept accountability for being the lead analyst for one or more parts of this list of tasks.
2. Complete your draft assigned task(s) and post in a common area for review by your team members.
3. Review, comment on, and suggest changes to draft completed tasks by the team.
4. Discuss and resolve differences and come to a consensus on the best responses.
5. Organize your analysis, conclusions, and recommendations
Course Deliverable: Write a report responding to the tasks assigned to your team. Clearly organize your report and effectively communicate the team’s analysis, conclusions and recommendations (if appropriate) associated with each task. Provide the details supporting your analysis as attachments. You should be completing tasks along the way – do not wait until the end of the course to complete your tasks.
Introduction: As a special analytical group set up by ACME Iron by the firm’s Controller, you have been tasked to respond to the following issues raised in a meeting with the CFO.
You and your team must look over several prospective financial strategies to aid in the successful growth of ACME Iron.
You are to work over an 8 to 12 week period on several projects, detail your work as you proceed on these projects, and assemble the report for the CFO to make to the board on the items listed while you work in a team environment. Management will be looking at the team over this period on how well they self-organize and analyze the research areas which will include:
Capital investment analysis
CAPM – Capital Asset Pricing Model determination for the company
WACC – Weighted Average Cost of Capital computations
EVA – Economic Value Analysis
MVA – Market Value Added
Capital structure of the company
Dividend policy
Stock repurchase and option pricing strategy
Bankruptcy risk analysis
Decision Tree Creation
Real option analysis of projects
The CFO wants to test your team out on a simple project in the first task before you get into preparing items for his board presentation in subsequent tasks and projects. He wants to see how well you perform tasks as a team as well as how accurate and thoughtful you are in your work. Details are important to him as well as good organization/presentation and communication.
Financial Statements for use on Tasks
ACME Iron
Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets:
2014
2015
change
Cash
500,000
600,000
100,000
Investments
1,000,000
1,025,000
25,000
Inventories
110,000,000
117,000,000
7,000,000
Accounts receivable
11,750,000
12,500,000
750,000
Pre-paid expenses
2,500,000
2,600,000
100,000
Other
0
0
...
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University of Phoenix Faculty MaterialFinancial Prospectus Expec.docxdickonsondorris
University of Phoenix Faculty Material
Financial Prospectus Expectations
Prepare a 1,950- to 2,500-word paper with the following components of a financial prospectus for your venture. The Financial Prospectus must include the information you provided in the Venture Concepts Paper and Venture Budgeting and Forecasting Paper.
The information from your previous assignments must be revised, as necessary, based on material covered in this class.
Organize your prospectus into the following order:
1. Description of Venture
2. Development Concept
3. Management Biographies
4. Competitive Product or Service Statement (Market Analysis)
5. Construction and Preopening Budget
6. Operating Pro-Forma (Budget)
7. Samples of Financial Statements to be Used
8. Summary of Proposed Investment Terms
9. Return on Investment Analysis
10. Statement of the Viability of the Venture as an Investment
An explanation of each component of the prospectus may be found in the description of terms below.
Description of Terms
1. Description of Venture
a. An introductory illustration of the venture, with an overview of the brand and the product or service to be offered
b. Details of the product or service are covered in item 4.
2. Development Concept
a. The description focuses on components that must be built or created to support the venture.
b. Include the components of any physical structure, equipment, or anything that requires development investment.
3. Management Biographies
a. Use one page or less to describe the background of each of the principle owners.
b. If this venture requires special technical expertise, include the biographies of whoever is going to bring this needed expertise to the organization.
4. Competitive Product or Service Statement
a. A market analysis to show how this venture’s product or service competes with similar products or services in its market
b. Include how the product or service may be produced efficiently by this venture to achieve targeted profit margins.
5. Construction and Preopening Budget
a. The budget in the virtual organization, Kudler Foods, may be used as a model for this portion.
b. Include all of the costs associated with getting the venture to the point of performing its first sale. The budget, however, must include enough working capital to pay for its operations until the net profits may cover these expenses.
6. Operating Pro-Forma
a. The operating budget for the first 12 months that this venture will be operating after startup and training periods
b. If the venture requires phased operations when it first opens, these first few months need not be included in the pro-forma so that the pro-forma may illustrate a typical 12-month period as a new venture.
7. Samples of Financial Statements to be Used
a. An inventory of the financial statements that will be used to measure the performance of the venture, using data from the pro-forma
b. Include an Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and any other financial statemen ...
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University of Phoenix Faculty MaterialFinancial Prospectus Expec.docxdickonsondorris
University of Phoenix Faculty Material
Financial Prospectus Expectations
Prepare a 1,950- to 2,500-word paper with the following components of a financial prospectus for your venture. The Financial Prospectus must include the information you provided in the Venture Concepts Paper and Venture Budgeting and Forecasting Paper.
The information from your previous assignments must be revised, as necessary, based on material covered in this class.
Organize your prospectus into the following order:
1. Description of Venture
2. Development Concept
3. Management Biographies
4. Competitive Product or Service Statement (Market Analysis)
5. Construction and Preopening Budget
6. Operating Pro-Forma (Budget)
7. Samples of Financial Statements to be Used
8. Summary of Proposed Investment Terms
9. Return on Investment Analysis
10. Statement of the Viability of the Venture as an Investment
An explanation of each component of the prospectus may be found in the description of terms below.
Description of Terms
1. Description of Venture
a. An introductory illustration of the venture, with an overview of the brand and the product or service to be offered
b. Details of the product or service are covered in item 4.
2. Development Concept
a. The description focuses on components that must be built or created to support the venture.
b. Include the components of any physical structure, equipment, or anything that requires development investment.
3. Management Biographies
a. Use one page or less to describe the background of each of the principle owners.
b. If this venture requires special technical expertise, include the biographies of whoever is going to bring this needed expertise to the organization.
4. Competitive Product or Service Statement
a. A market analysis to show how this venture’s product or service competes with similar products or services in its market
b. Include how the product or service may be produced efficiently by this venture to achieve targeted profit margins.
5. Construction and Preopening Budget
a. The budget in the virtual organization, Kudler Foods, may be used as a model for this portion.
b. Include all of the costs associated with getting the venture to the point of performing its first sale. The budget, however, must include enough working capital to pay for its operations until the net profits may cover these expenses.
6. Operating Pro-Forma
a. The operating budget for the first 12 months that this venture will be operating after startup and training periods
b. If the venture requires phased operations when it first opens, these first few months need not be included in the pro-forma so that the pro-forma may illustrate a typical 12-month period as a new venture.
7. Samples of Financial Statements to be Used
a. An inventory of the financial statements that will be used to measure the performance of the venture, using data from the pro-forma
b. Include an Income Statement, Balance Sheet, and any other financial statemen ...
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Send your semester & Specialization name to our mail id :
help.mbaassignments@gmail.com
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AgendaComprehending risk when modeling investment (project) de.docxgalerussel59292
Agenda
Comprehending risk when modeling investment (project) decisions
Standalone Risk
Market Risk
1
1
Project Risk
Standalone Risk: Risk based on uncertainty of a projects cash flows
Sensitivity
Scenarios
Breakeven
Simulations
Market Risk: Risk of the project as seen by a well diversified investor
Beta
2
Sensitivity, Scenario, and Break-Even
Each allows us to look behind the NPV number to see how stable our estimates are.
Breakeven: sales required to breakeven
Accounting break-even: sales volume at which net income = 0
Cash break-even: sales volume at which operating cash flow = 0
Financial break-even: sales volume at which net present value = 0
Sensitivity: how sensitive a particular NPV calculation is to changes in an input variable holding all other assumptions are held constant
Scenario: examine impact on NPV given a confluence of factors
When working with spreadsheets, try to build your model so that you can adjust variables in a single cell and have the NPV calculations update accordingly.
3
3
Monte Carlo Simulation
A more sophisticated variation of the scenario analysis is Monte Carlo simulation.
In a Monte Carlo simulation, analysts specify a range or a distribution of potential outcomes for each of the model’s assumptions.
Pick a probability distribution for each input variable (units, price, variable costs, etc).
The computer program will pick a random value from each input variable, calculate the NPV and store the result. This is a trial.
Repeat the process many times, saving the input variables and the output (NPV).
End result: Probability distribution of NPV based on sample of simulated values.
4
Example
5
6
When a firm with both debt and equity invests in an asset similar to its existing assets (business), the WACC is the appropriate discount rate to use in NPV calculations.
In conglomerates, the WACC reflects the return that the firm must earn on average across all its assets to satisfy investors, but using the WACC to discount cash flows of a particular investment leads to mistakes.
Any project’s cost of capital depends on the use to which the capital is being put—not the source.
Therefore, it depends on the risk of the project and not the risk of the company.
When a firm invests in an asset that is different from its existing assets, it should look for pure-play firms to find the right discount rate.
6
Finding the Right Discount Rate
6
You are a financial analyst at General Electric and are preparing a cost of equity estimate for a project analysis using NPV:
CAPM = Risk Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
9.5% = 3.0% + 1.1 * 5.9%
Lines of Business
Financial Services
Power Generation
Aviation
Transportation
Health Care
Consumer Goods
When evaluating a new power generation investment for GE, which cost of capital should be used?
Capital Budgeting & Project Risk
7
Beta
1.8
0.6
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.1
7
17
Capital Budgeti.
Company FacebookCalculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capi.docxdonnajames55
Company: Facebook
Calculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
for your Company
For use in Conjunction with the Firm Valuation Project
First ensure that you have read relevant pages in the text. Some important sections would include the following, but you may also double-check the references in the text by using the index [see: Cost of Capital and Target (optimal) Capital Structure, etc.]:
The important Chapter in the text is the one entitled "The Cost of Capital," – with a particular focus on the section entitled “The Weighted Average Cost of Capital” and the section “Four Mistakes to Avoid” at the end of the chapter.
The WACC formula discussed below does not include Preferred Stock. Should your company use PS, be sure to adjust the equation for it, and see the section in the chapter on the Cost of Preferred Stock.
The WACC formula that we use is:
WACC = wdrd(1-T) + wsrs
We need to know how to calculate:
1. rsthe cost of common equity. Use the Security Market Line (SML) – this is why you learn how to calculate a company’s beta and also why you learn how to find the appropriate risk-free rate and market-risk premium. For a review, see the section the text, The CAPM Approach.
2. The weights (wd and ws – note that: wd + ws = 1; so you only have to calculate one of them). We need to calculate the weight of debt and the weight of equity (for the cost of debt, this simply means: what proportion of the firm’s financing is by debt?). There is a lot to say here, simplified as Theory 1, Theory 2 and Practice:
a. Theory 1: Theory says that we should use the target weights along with the market values of both debt and equity (see the Four Mistakes to Avoid). But the market value of debt is typically difficult to calculate, because we need to know the YTM (which is rd) for all of the company’s debt, but we cannot calculate the YTM without having the current prices of the company’s outstanding bonds, and most company’s bonds do not trade (i.e., they will not have up-to-date or current prices – remember how to calculate the price (value) of a bond on your calculators?!). As a result, at least for the group project, we go to Theory 2.
b. Theory 2: Theory also says that we should use the TARGET weights, but this is a management decision, and as “outsiders” we do not have access to the thoughts of the CFO or CEO. So we should look instead to the historical pattern of the use of debt (mix of debt and equity), and this is one reason that you should have about 10 years of financial data.
c. Practice: Since we cannot “work” according to the strict theory of finance, we have to estimate the relevant weights. As a result, we will use the formula:
wd = Book Value of Debt / [Market Value of Equity + Book Value of Debt]
The book value of debt is calculated by adding up ALL of the debt on the balance sheet. This will typically be the sum of Notes Payable, Current Portion of LT Debt and Long-Term Debt.
.
Assignment
Marginal Revenue Product
Marginal revenue product is defined as the change in total revenue that results from the employment of an additional unit of a resource. A producer wishes to determine how the addition of pounds of plastic will affect its MRP and profits. See the table below, and answer each of the questions.
Pounds of plastic (quantity of resource)
Number of assemblies (total product)
Price of assemblies ($)
0
0
-
1
15
13
2
30
11
3
40
9
4
55
7
5
58
5
a. The marginal product of the 3rd pound of plastic is ________.
b. The marginal revenue product of the 3rd pound of plastic is ______.
c. The price of plastic is $135 per pound. To maximize profit, the producer should produce
__________________.
d. The price of plastic is $135 per pound. To maximize profit, the producer should buy and use:
________________.
Grading Criteria Assignments
Maximum Points
Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria
40
Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts
20
Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts
30
Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling
10
Total
100
Case Study
C&MDS, Inc.
Some time ago, at the beginning of 2010, an entrepreneur named Richard Alestar started a small business as a sole proprietor in Oregon - a business that manufactured sensors for cameras that could be used in motion detection systems. The business was very successful and he decided to incorporate in the latter part of 2011 under the name C&MDS, Incorporated. He wanted to name it Camera and Motion Detection Systems, but his marketing manager convinced him it was too difficult to remember. Alestar’s long-term plan was to obtain public funding to support growth anticipated in about 4-6 years. In the meantime, he hired electrical engineers and a solid management team capable of building an organization that would enable the company to eventually go public. He thought his proprietary sensors and equipment could not be duplicated for a number of years. There was only one competitor in the market niche where he competed that had a significant market share, but they were a follower, not a leader. Besides, he planned to grow the market himself, based on the increased focus and attention in the public arena on crime prevention, detection and surveillance using cameras with his sensors. He also was developing a host of other potential applications.
Alestar had developed a good relationship with his investment banker Sophia Pound, and had just begun discussions with respect to obtaining additional capital required to position the company to go public. These discussions also involved the chief financial officer (CFO), Mitch O. Dinero, who had brought up the issue of the appropriate capital structure (target capital structure) that C&MDS should consider. They both thought the current mix in the capital structure was close to optimal, and that only minor changes would be necessary. However, they would defer to the investment banke ...
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Part A post
your answer to the following question:
1. How might potential reactions to an adolescent’s questioning of their sexual identity, or gender role, impact their social environment, behavior and self-esteem?
2. As social workers, what role can we play in assuring the best outcomes for these adolescents?
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Part B
post
your answer to the following question:
1. How can social workers work toward assuring the best outcomes for adolescents questioning their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docxsmile790243
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
Part A:
1. K
2. D
3. N
4. C
5. A
6. O
7. F
8. Q
9. H
10. M
11. S
12. Y
13. I
14. U
15. X
Part B:
1.
A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body.
B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney.
When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder
And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis.
2.
A. Microorganism in UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal canal. From which gets transferred to urethra.
C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream.
3.
Signs and symptoms:
A) Pain with urination:
The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination.
B) orange or red colour urine:
The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract.
4.
UTI:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it.
Diagnosis And treatment:
A) The diagnostic test for UTI:
The two major diagnostic test for UTI are:
Urinalysis:
Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine.
The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine.
If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative.
If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive.
Ultra sound:
The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs.
Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract.
B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial.
The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
Both of these drugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI.
5.
answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder.
b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra .
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docxsmile790243
Part A:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class using
one
of the following.
Froebel’s cube gift
Froebel’s parquetry gift
Lincoln Logs
Describe the activity that you have developed.
Identify at least two (2) skills that the activity would help develop.
Part B:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class promoting the same skill(s) as the activity above, but develop the activity based on the Montessori method.
Describe the activity that you have developed.
What are at least two key differences between the two activities you developed?
.
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AgendaComprehending risk when modeling investment (project) de.docxgalerussel59292
Agenda
Comprehending risk when modeling investment (project) decisions
Standalone Risk
Market Risk
1
1
Project Risk
Standalone Risk: Risk based on uncertainty of a projects cash flows
Sensitivity
Scenarios
Breakeven
Simulations
Market Risk: Risk of the project as seen by a well diversified investor
Beta
2
Sensitivity, Scenario, and Break-Even
Each allows us to look behind the NPV number to see how stable our estimates are.
Breakeven: sales required to breakeven
Accounting break-even: sales volume at which net income = 0
Cash break-even: sales volume at which operating cash flow = 0
Financial break-even: sales volume at which net present value = 0
Sensitivity: how sensitive a particular NPV calculation is to changes in an input variable holding all other assumptions are held constant
Scenario: examine impact on NPV given a confluence of factors
When working with spreadsheets, try to build your model so that you can adjust variables in a single cell and have the NPV calculations update accordingly.
3
3
Monte Carlo Simulation
A more sophisticated variation of the scenario analysis is Monte Carlo simulation.
In a Monte Carlo simulation, analysts specify a range or a distribution of potential outcomes for each of the model’s assumptions.
Pick a probability distribution for each input variable (units, price, variable costs, etc).
The computer program will pick a random value from each input variable, calculate the NPV and store the result. This is a trial.
Repeat the process many times, saving the input variables and the output (NPV).
End result: Probability distribution of NPV based on sample of simulated values.
4
Example
5
6
When a firm with both debt and equity invests in an asset similar to its existing assets (business), the WACC is the appropriate discount rate to use in NPV calculations.
In conglomerates, the WACC reflects the return that the firm must earn on average across all its assets to satisfy investors, but using the WACC to discount cash flows of a particular investment leads to mistakes.
Any project’s cost of capital depends on the use to which the capital is being put—not the source.
Therefore, it depends on the risk of the project and not the risk of the company.
When a firm invests in an asset that is different from its existing assets, it should look for pure-play firms to find the right discount rate.
6
Finding the Right Discount Rate
6
You are a financial analyst at General Electric and are preparing a cost of equity estimate for a project analysis using NPV:
CAPM = Risk Free Rate + Beta * Market Risk Premium
9.5% = 3.0% + 1.1 * 5.9%
Lines of Business
Financial Services
Power Generation
Aviation
Transportation
Health Care
Consumer Goods
When evaluating a new power generation investment for GE, which cost of capital should be used?
Capital Budgeting & Project Risk
7
Beta
1.8
0.6
1.2
1.3
0.8
1.1
7
17
Capital Budgeti.
Company FacebookCalculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capi.docxdonnajames55
Company: Facebook
Calculating the Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC)
for your Company
For use in Conjunction with the Firm Valuation Project
First ensure that you have read relevant pages in the text. Some important sections would include the following, but you may also double-check the references in the text by using the index [see: Cost of Capital and Target (optimal) Capital Structure, etc.]:
The important Chapter in the text is the one entitled "The Cost of Capital," – with a particular focus on the section entitled “The Weighted Average Cost of Capital” and the section “Four Mistakes to Avoid” at the end of the chapter.
The WACC formula discussed below does not include Preferred Stock. Should your company use PS, be sure to adjust the equation for it, and see the section in the chapter on the Cost of Preferred Stock.
The WACC formula that we use is:
WACC = wdrd(1-T) + wsrs
We need to know how to calculate:
1. rsthe cost of common equity. Use the Security Market Line (SML) – this is why you learn how to calculate a company’s beta and also why you learn how to find the appropriate risk-free rate and market-risk premium. For a review, see the section the text, The CAPM Approach.
2. The weights (wd and ws – note that: wd + ws = 1; so you only have to calculate one of them). We need to calculate the weight of debt and the weight of equity (for the cost of debt, this simply means: what proportion of the firm’s financing is by debt?). There is a lot to say here, simplified as Theory 1, Theory 2 and Practice:
a. Theory 1: Theory says that we should use the target weights along with the market values of both debt and equity (see the Four Mistakes to Avoid). But the market value of debt is typically difficult to calculate, because we need to know the YTM (which is rd) for all of the company’s debt, but we cannot calculate the YTM without having the current prices of the company’s outstanding bonds, and most company’s bonds do not trade (i.e., they will not have up-to-date or current prices – remember how to calculate the price (value) of a bond on your calculators?!). As a result, at least for the group project, we go to Theory 2.
b. Theory 2: Theory also says that we should use the TARGET weights, but this is a management decision, and as “outsiders” we do not have access to the thoughts of the CFO or CEO. So we should look instead to the historical pattern of the use of debt (mix of debt and equity), and this is one reason that you should have about 10 years of financial data.
c. Practice: Since we cannot “work” according to the strict theory of finance, we have to estimate the relevant weights. As a result, we will use the formula:
wd = Book Value of Debt / [Market Value of Equity + Book Value of Debt]
The book value of debt is calculated by adding up ALL of the debt on the balance sheet. This will typically be the sum of Notes Payable, Current Portion of LT Debt and Long-Term Debt.
.
Assignment
Marginal Revenue Product
Marginal revenue product is defined as the change in total revenue that results from the employment of an additional unit of a resource. A producer wishes to determine how the addition of pounds of plastic will affect its MRP and profits. See the table below, and answer each of the questions.
Pounds of plastic (quantity of resource)
Number of assemblies (total product)
Price of assemblies ($)
0
0
-
1
15
13
2
30
11
3
40
9
4
55
7
5
58
5
a. The marginal product of the 3rd pound of plastic is ________.
b. The marginal revenue product of the 3rd pound of plastic is ______.
c. The price of plastic is $135 per pound. To maximize profit, the producer should produce
__________________.
d. The price of plastic is $135 per pound. To maximize profit, the producer should buy and use:
________________.
Grading Criteria Assignments
Maximum Points
Meets or exceeds established assignment criteria
40
Demonstrates an understanding of lesson concepts
20
Clearly presents well-reasoned ideas and concepts
30
Uses proper mechanics, punctuation, sentence structure, and spelling
10
Total
100
Case Study
C&MDS, Inc.
Some time ago, at the beginning of 2010, an entrepreneur named Richard Alestar started a small business as a sole proprietor in Oregon - a business that manufactured sensors for cameras that could be used in motion detection systems. The business was very successful and he decided to incorporate in the latter part of 2011 under the name C&MDS, Incorporated. He wanted to name it Camera and Motion Detection Systems, but his marketing manager convinced him it was too difficult to remember. Alestar’s long-term plan was to obtain public funding to support growth anticipated in about 4-6 years. In the meantime, he hired electrical engineers and a solid management team capable of building an organization that would enable the company to eventually go public. He thought his proprietary sensors and equipment could not be duplicated for a number of years. There was only one competitor in the market niche where he competed that had a significant market share, but they were a follower, not a leader. Besides, he planned to grow the market himself, based on the increased focus and attention in the public arena on crime prevention, detection and surveillance using cameras with his sensors. He also was developing a host of other potential applications.
Alestar had developed a good relationship with his investment banker Sophia Pound, and had just begun discussions with respect to obtaining additional capital required to position the company to go public. These discussions also involved the chief financial officer (CFO), Mitch O. Dinero, who had brought up the issue of the appropriate capital structure (target capital structure) that C&MDS should consider. They both thought the current mix in the capital structure was close to optimal, and that only minor changes would be necessary. However, they would defer to the investment banke ...
PART B Please response to these two original posts below. Wh.docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When
responding to these posts, please either expand the
thought, add additional insights, or respectfully disagree
and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of
opinions.
Original Post 1
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
To begin, I would like to remind us that being intrinsically valuable
means having values for just being us and nothing else. I believe
that human lives are intrinsically valuable in virtue of our
uniqueness. As a bio nerd, I would like to state the fact that there
are a lot of crossover events during meiosis, which create trillions
of different DNA combinations. Hence, from a biological
standpoint, without considering other aspects, being you is
already valuable because you are that one sperm that won the
race and got fertilized. On a larger scale, there are hardly two
people whose look and behaviors are the same in the same
family, unless they are identical twins. However, identical twins
still act differently and have differences (such as fingerprints).
Since we are raised in different families, we are taught different
things and have different cultures. In general, we all have
different genetic information, appearances, personalities, senses
of humor, ambitions, talents, interests and life experiences. These
characteristics make up our “unique individual value” and make
us so unique and irreplaceable.
I would also love to discuss how our diversities enrich and
contribute to society, but that would be a talk about our extrinsic
values.
Original Post 2
Are human lives intrinsically valuable? If so, in virtue of what? (Is
it our uniqueness, perhaps, or our autonomy, or something else?)
I believe that human lives are intrinsically valuable due to a
number of reasons. Firstly, human lives aren’t replaceable. You
can’t replace a human being with another just like you can
replace a broken laptop with brand new one. Part of the reason
why we tend to think this way is that we were nurtured with the
notion that there is, indeed, a special value to human life. This
could be in virtue of our uniqueness-- the fact that we are
sentient and capable of complex thoughts and emotions
separates us from any other species on this planet. From a
scientific standpoint, this is also one of the reasons as to why
humans became the dominant species in today’s age.
Moreover, human lives aren’t disposable. I think this is largely due
to us humans having the ability to empathize with others. We
understand that it’s morally inappropriate to take the life of
another individual even if they’re complete strangers because
they’re another human being like us who has their own thoughts,
values, memories, and stories. In a way, we have a strong
emotional connection to our own species. As .
Part C Developing Your Design SolutionThe Production Cycle.docxsmile790243
Part C Developing Your Design
Solution
The Production Cycle
Within the four stages of the design workflow there are two distinct parts.
The first three stages, as presented in Part B of this book, were described
as ‘The Hidden Thinking’ stages, as they are concerned with undertaking
the crucial behind-the-scenes preparatory work. You may have completed
them in terms of working through the book’s contents, but in visualisation
projects they will continue to command your attention, even if that is
reduced to a background concern.
You have now reached the second distinct part of the workflow which
involves developing your design solution. This stage follows a production
cycle, commencing with rationalising design ideas and moving through to
the development of a final solution.
The term cycle is appropriate to describe this stage as there are many loops
of iteration as you evolve rapidly between conceptual, practical and
technical thinking. The inevitability of this iterative cycle is, in large part,
again due to the nature of this pursuit being more about optimisation rather
than an expectation of achieving that elusive notion of perfection. Trade-
offs, compromises, and restrictions are omnipresent as you juggle ambition
and necessary pragmatism.
How you undertake this stage will differ considerably depending on the
nature of your task. The creation of a relatively simple, single chart to be
slotted into a report probably will not require the same rigour of a formal
production cycle that the development of a vast interactive visualisation to
be used by the public would demand. This is merely an outline of the most
you will need to do – you should edit, adapt and participate the steps to fit
with your context.
There are several discrete steps involved in this production cycle:
Conceiving ideas across the five layers of visualisation design.
Wireframing and storyboarding designs.
Developing prototypes or mock-up versions.
219
Testing.
Refining and completing.
Launching the solution.
Naturally, the specific approach for developing your design solution (from
prototyping through to launching) will vary hugely, depending particularly
on your skills and resources: it might be an Excel chart, or a Tableau
dashboard, an infographic created using Adobe Illustrator, or a web-based
interactive built with the D3.js library. As I have explained in the book’s
introduction, I’m not going to attempt to cover the myriad ways of
implementing a solution; that would be impossible to achieve as each task
and tool would require different instructions.
For the scope of this book, I am focusing on taking you through the first
two steps of this cycle – conceiving ideas and wireframing/storyboarding.
There are parallels here with the distinctions between architecture (design)
and engineering (execution) – I’m effectively chaperoning you through to
the conclusion of your design thinking.
To fulfil this, Part C presents a detailed breakdown of the many design
.
PART A You will create a media piece based around the theme of a.docxsmile790243
PART A:
You will create a media piece based around the theme of “alternative facts.
Fake News:
Create a
series of 3
short, “fake news” articles or news videos. They should follow a specific theme. Make sure to have a clear understanding of WHY your fake news is being created (fake news is used by people, groups, companies, etc to convince an unsuspecting audience of something. It’s supposed to seem real, but the motivation behind it is to deceive. As part of this option, consider what your motivations are for your deception).
Part A: should be around 750 words for written tasks (or 250 for each 3 part task)
PART B:
The focus for this assignment is to demonstrate a
clear understanding of media conventions
, as well as
purpose
and
audience
. Therefore, along with your media product, you’ll also be required to submit a short
reflection
detailing why you created your product and for whom it was intended. You must discuss and analyze the elements within your media product (including why & how you used the persuasive techniques of ethos, logos and pathos) as well as the other elements of media you used and why.
.
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patien.docxsmile790243
Part 4. Implications to Nursing Practice & Implication to Patient Outcomes
Provide a paragraph summary addressing the topics implications to nursing practice and patient outcomes. This section is NOT another review of the literature or introduction of new topics related to the PICOT question.
You may find if helpful to begin each topic with -
Nurses need to know …
Important patient outcomes include …
Example
– please note this is an older previous students work and so some references are older than 5 years.
Be sure to provide the PICOT question to begin this post.
PICOT Question:
P=Patient Population
I=Intervention
C=Comparison
O=Outcome
T=Time (duration):
In patients in the hospital, (P)
how does frequently provided patient hand washing (I)
compared with patient initiated hand washing (C)
affect hospital acquired infection (O)
within the hospital stay (T)
Implications to Nursing Practice & Patient Outcomes
Nurses need to know that they play a significant role in the reduction of hospital acquired infection by ensuring by health care workers and patients wash hands since nurses have the most interactions with patients. Implementing hand hygiene protocol with patients can enhance awareness and decrease healthcare associated infection (HAI). Both nurses and patients need to know that HAI is associated with increased morbidity and mortality as well cost of treatment and length of hospital stay. Nurses and patients also need to know that most HAI is preventable. Gujral (2015) notes that proper hand hygiene is the single most important, simplest, and least expensive means of reducing prevalence of HAI and the spread of antimicrobial resistance. Nurse and patient hand washing plays a vital role in decreasing healthcare costs and infections in all settings.
References
Gujral, H. (2015.) Survey shows importance of hand washing for infection prevention. American Nurse Today, 10 (10), 20. Retrieved from hEp://www.nursingworld.org/AmericanNurseToday
.
PART AHepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be e.docxsmile790243
PART A
Hepatitis C is a chronic liver infection that can be either silent (with no noticeable symptoms) or debilitating. Either way, 80% of infected persons experience continuing liver destruction. Chronic hepatitis C infection is the leading cause of liver transplants in the United States. The virus that causes it is blood borne, and therefore patients who undergo frequent procedures involving transfer of blood are particularly susceptible to infection. Kidney dialysis patients belong to this group. In 2008, a for-profit hemodialysis facility in New York was shut down after nine of its patients were confirmed as having become infected with hepatitis C while undergoing hemodialysis treatments there between 2001 and 2008.
When the investigation was conducted in 2008, investigators found that 20 of the facility’s 162 patients had been documented with hepatitis C infection at the time they began their association with the clinic. All the current patients were then offered hepatitis C testing, to determine how many had acquired hepatitis C during the time they were receiving treatment at the clinic. They were considered positive if enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed the presence of antibodies to the hepatitis C virus.
Health officials did not test the workers at the hemodialysis facility for hepatitis C because they did not view them as likely sources of the nine new infections. Why not?
Why do you think patients were tested for antibody to the virus instead of for the presence of the virus itself?
Ref.: Cowan, M. K. (2014) (4th Ed.). Microbiology: A Systems Approach, McGraw Hill
PART B
Summary:
Directions for the students: There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Current APA Citations are required for all responses.
1. Precisely what is microbial death?
2. Why does a population of microbes not die instantaneously when exposed to an antimicrobial agent?
3. Explain what is wrong with this statement: “Prior to vaccination, the patient’s skin was sterilized with alcohol.” What would be a more correct wording?
4. Conduct additional research on the use of triclosan and other chemical agents in antimicrobial products today. Develop an opinion on whether this process should continue, providing evidence and citations to support your stance.
.
Part A post your answer to the following question1. How m.docxsmile790243
Part A post
your answer to the following question:
1. How might potential reactions to an adolescent’s questioning of their sexual identity, or gender role, impact their social environment, behavior and self-esteem?
2. As social workers, what role can we play in assuring the best outcomes for these adolescents?
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
Part B
post
your answer to the following question:
1. How can social workers work toward assuring the best outcomes for adolescents questioning their sexual orientation or gender identity.
Please use the Learning Resources to support your answer.
.
PART BPlease response to these two original posts below..docxsmile790243
PART B
Please response to these two original posts below. When responding to
these posts, please either expand the thought, add additional insights, or
respectfully disagree and explain why. Remember that we are after reasons
and arguments, and not simply the statement of opinions.
Original Post 1
"What is moral relativism? Why might people be attracted to it? Is
it plausible?"
First of all, moral relativism is the view that moral truths are
subjective and depend on each individual's standpoints. Based
on this, everyone's moral view is legitimate. This can be attracted
because it sounds liberating and there is no need to argue for a
particular position. Moral relativism seems convincing in some
cases. For example, some people are okay with giving money to
homeless people, thinking that it's good to provide for the people
in need. Some people, on the other hand, claim that they can
work to satisfy their own needs. Moral relativism works well in
these cases because they all seem legitimate. However, there are
cases that moral relativism does not seem reasonable. For
example, child sacrifice in some cultures seems cruel and
uncivilized to most people. Hence, moral relativism is not
absolutely true.
Original Post 2
“Is your death bad for you, specifically, or only (at most) for others? Why
might someone claim that it isn’t bad for you?”
I'd start off by acknowledging what the two ancient philosophers,
Lucretius and Epicurus, outlined about death. They made the
point that death isn't necessarily bad for you since no suffering
takes place and that you yourself don't realize your own death. In
this way, one could make the claim that death isn't intrinsically
bad for you.
Another perspective I wanted to add was the influence of death
(both on you and others around you). Specifically, the event of
death itself may not be bad for you, but the idea of impending
death could impact one's life. Some may live freely, totally care-
free, accepting of death and enjoy life in the moment. Others may
be frightened by the idea of death that they live in constant fear
and hence death causing their mental health to take its toll. In
this way, I'd argue that death could, in fact, be bad for you. One
common reason for being afraid of death is the fear of being
forgotten. Not to mention the death of an individual certainly
affects others; death doesn't affect one's life but also all that is
connected to it. Focusing back to the point, it's clear that the
very idea of death directly affects the concerned individual. The
fact that those who live in fear of death are looking for legacies
and footprints to leave after they leave this world is telling of how
death could be arguably bad for you before it even happens.
PART A
Pick one or more questions below and write a substantive post
with >100 words. Please try to provide evidence(s) to support
your idea(s).
Questions:
• Do we have a duty to work out whe.
Part A (50 Points)Various men and women throughout history .docxsmile790243
Part A (50 Points):
Various men and women throughout history have made important contributions to the development of statistical science. Select any one (1) individual from the list below and write a 2 page summary of their influence on statistics. Be specific in detail to explain the concepts they developed and how this advanced our understanding and application of statistics.
Florence Nightingale
Francis Galton
Thomas Bayes
Part B (50 Points):
Select any one statistical concept you learned in this course and explain how it can be applied to our understanding of the Covid-19 pandemic (2 pages). You should use a specific example and include at least one diagram to illustrate your answer.
Please note: Your work must be original and not copied directly from other sources. No citations are needed. Be sure to submit this assignment in Blackboard on the due date specified.
.
Part A:
1. K
2. D
3. N
4. C
5. A
6. O
7. F
8. Q
9. H
10. M
11. S
12. Y
13. I
14. U
15. X
Part B:
1.
A. UTI is short form for Urinary tract infection. Means infection which affects organs of urinary tract. Such as urethra, urinary bladder and kidney. This are main organ for formation of urine and helps to expel it out of body.
B. Kidneys, urethra and urinary bladder gets affected during Urinary tract infection. Generally infection begins with urethra then travels to kidney.
When only lower part gets affected which is called lower UTI also cystitis because involves bladder
And when infection spread to upper side involving kidneys known as pyelonephritis.
2.
A. Microorganism in UTI
Escherichia coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
B. Coli bacteria lives in intestine. So they also seen near anal canal. From which gets transferred to urethra.
C. Bacteria enters urinary tract from urethra. In very less cases kidney gets infected by blood stream.
3.
Signs and symptoms:
A) Pain with urination:
The infection cause inflammation of urinary tract, the urine from the inflammed urinary tract cause pain in urination.
B) orange or red colour urine:
The inflammation of urinary tract may cause a orange or red colour urine. It is common sign in UTI due to inflammation of urinary tract.
4.
UTI:
Urinary tract infection (UTI) any infection on the urinary tract causing difficult in urination. It most commonly affects the woman because thet are more prone to it.
Diagnosis And treatment:
A) The diagnostic test for UTI:
The two major diagnostic test for UTI are:
Urinalysis:
Urine is collected from the patient who came for test. This test shows the bacterial or any infectious organism in the urine.
The collected urine sample is added to the substance which promotes the growth of the organism in the urine.
If the growth is organism doesn't takes place then the test is negative.
If the organism growth in the urine takes place then the test is positive.
Ultra sound:
The sound waves from the transducer of ultra produce a imaging of the internal organs.
Patient lower abdomen is scanned by ultra sound to detect any abnormality in the organs and structures of urinary tract.
B) The medications for UTI are antibiotics or antimicrobial.
The two drugs are amoxicillin, sulfasulfamethaxazole.
Both of these drugs act on UTI by fighting against the microorganisms in the UTI. By assisting the immune system, it fight against the microorganisms and that relieves the symptoms of UTI.
5.
answer. a) In women at the time of pregnancy the drainage system from the kidney towards bladder become wide, hence, urine does not pass out as quickly. This makes it easier to get an infection. Similarly women has shorter urethra than a man have, the shorter distance make the way easy to bacteria to travel into the bladder.
b) There are no of ways by which women can reduce the risk of getting UTI. Like women should drink plenty of water this will help of getting rid from UTI, a women should protect their urethra .
Part A Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your .docxsmile790243
Part A:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class using
one
of the following.
Froebel’s cube gift
Froebel’s parquetry gift
Lincoln Logs
Describe the activity that you have developed.
Identify at least two (2) skills that the activity would help develop.
Part B:
Develop an original age-appropriate activity for your preschool class promoting the same skill(s) as the activity above, but develop the activity based on the Montessori method.
Describe the activity that you have developed.
What are at least two key differences between the two activities you developed?
.
Part 3 Social Situations2. Identify multicultural challenges th.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations
2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent
refugee.
• What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently
immigrated to a new country?
• Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s
four areas of development?
3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to
assist them in proper develop
Part 3: Social Situations
• Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee.
• Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges.
• 2-3 Pages in length
• APA Formatting
• Submission will be checked for plagiaris
.
Part A (1000 words) Annotated Bibliography - Create an annota.docxsmile790243
Part A
(1000 words): Annotated Bibliography - Create an annotated bibliography that focuses on ONE particular aspect of current Software Engineering that face a world with different cultural standards. At least seven (7) peer-reviewed articles must be used for this exercise.
Part B
(3000 words):
Research Report
- Write a report of the analysis and synthesis using the
(Part A
) foundational
Annotated Bibliography
.
Part C (500 words): Why is it important to try to minimize complexity in a software system.
Part D (500 words): What are the advantages and disadvantages to companies that are developing software products that use cloud servers to support their development process?
Part E (500 words): Explain why each microservice should maintain its own data. Explain how data in service replicas can be kept consistent?
.
Part 6 Disseminating Results Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-sli.docxsmile790243
Part 6: Disseminating Results
Create a 5-minute, 5- to 6-slide narrated PowerPoint presentation of your Evidence-Based Project:
· Be sure to incorporate any feedback or changes from your presentation submission in Module 5.
· Explain how you would disseminate the results of your project to an audience. Provide a rationale for why you selected this dissemination strategy.
Points Range: 81 (81%) - 90 (90%)
The narrated presentation accurately and completely summarizes the evidence-based project. The narrated presentation is professional in nature and thoroughly addresses all components of the evidence-based project.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly explains in detail how to disseminate the results of the project to an audience, citing specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation accurately and clearly provides a justification that details the selection of this dissemination strategy that is fully supported by specific and relevant examples.
The narrated presentation provides a complete, detailed, and specific synthesis of two outside resources related to the dissemination strategy explained. The narrated presentation fully integrates at least two outside resources and two or three course-specific resources that fully support the presentation.
Written Expression and Formatting—Paragraph Development and Organization:
Paragraphs make clear points that support well-developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused—neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. A clear and comprehensive purpose statement and introduction is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity.
A clear and comprehensive purpose statement, introduction, and conclusion is provided which delineates all required criteria.
Written Expression and Formatting—English Writing Standards:
Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation.
Points Range: 5 (5%) - 5 (5%)
Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors.
Evidenced Based Change
Leslie Hill
Walden University
Introduction/PurposeChange is inevitable.Health care organizations need change to improve.There are challenges that need to be addressed(Baraka-Johnson et al. 2019).Challenges should be addressed using evidence-based research.These changes enhance professionalism therefore improving quality of care and quality of life.The purpose of this paper is to identify an existing problem in health care and suggest a change idea that would be effective in addressing the problem. The paper also articulates risks associated with the change process, how to distribute the change information and how to implement change successfully.
Organizational CultureThe Organization is a hospice facilityOffers end of life care for pain and symptom managementThe health care providers cu.
Part 3 Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicul.docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
.
Part 3 Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that .docxsmile790243
Part 3: Social Situations 2. Identify multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • What are some of the issues that can arise for someone who has recently immigrated to a new country? • Explain how these multicultural challenges could impact your chosen individual’s four areas of development? 3. Suggest plans of action or resources that you feel should be provided to this family to assist them in proper development.
Part 3: Social Situations • Proposal paper which identifies multicultural challenges that your chosen individual may face as a recent refugee. • Suggested plan of action and/or resources which should be implemented to address the multicultural challenges. • 2-3 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who c.docxsmile790243
Part 2
The client is a 32-year-old Hispanic American male who came to the United States when he was in high school with his father. His mother died back in Mexico when he was in school. He presents today to the PMHNPs office for an initial appointment for complaints of depression. The client was referred by his PCP after “routine” medical work-up to rule out an organic basis for his depression. He has no other health issues except for some occasional back pain and “stiff” shoulders which he attributes to his current work as a laborer in a warehouse. the “Montgomery- Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)” and obtained a score of 51 (indicating severe depression). reports that he always felt like an outsider as he was “teased” a lot for being “black” in high school. States that he had few friends, and basically kept to himself. He also reports a remarkably diminished interest in engaging in usual activities, states that he has gained 15 pounds in the last 2 months. He is also troubled with insomnia which began about 6 months ago, but have been progressively getting worse. He does report poor concentration which he reports is getting in “trouble” at work.
· Decision #1: start Zoloft 25mg orally daily
· Which decision did you select?
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #2: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, reports a 25% decrease in symptoms but concerned over the new onset of erectile dysfunction
*add Augmentin Wellbutrin IR 150mg in the morning
· Why did you select this decision? Support y our response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
· Decision #3: Client returns to clinic in four weeks, Client stated that depressive symptoms have decreased even more and his erectile dysfunction has abated
· Client reports that he has been feeling “jittery” and sometimes “nervous”
*change to Wellbutrin XL 150mg daily
· Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
· Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
Explain how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.
Conclusion.
Part 2For this section of the template, focus on gathering deta.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
For this section of the template, focus on gathering details about common, specific learning disabilities. These disabilities fall under the IDEA disability categories you researched for the chart above. Review the textbook and the topic study materials and use them to complete the chart.
Learning Disability Definition Characteristics Common Assessments for Diagnosis Potential Effect on Learning and Other Areas of Life Basic Strategies for Addressing the Disability
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
Auditory Processing Disorder (APD)
Dyscalculia
Dysgraphia
Dyslexia
Dysphasia/Aphasia
Dyspraxia
Language Processing Disorder (LPD)
Non-Verbal Learning Disabilities
Visual Perceptual/Visual Motor Deficit
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observat.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
.
Part 2 Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any.docxsmile790243
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis 1. Review and implement any comments from your instructor for Part 1: Observation. 2. Describe the participant that you observed. • Share your participant’s first name (can be fictional name if participant wants to remain anonymous), age, physical attributes, and you initial impressions. 3. Analyze your observation findings for each area of development (physical, cognitive, social/emotional, and spiritual/moral). • Explain how your observations support the 3-5 bullets for each area of development that you identified in your Development Observation Guidefrom Part 1: Observation. • Explain whether or not your participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. 4. What stood out the most to you about the observation? 5. Include at least 2 credible sources
Part 2: Observation Summary and Analysis • Summary paper of observation findings for each area of development and connection to the observed participant. • Comprehensive description of the observed participant. • Analyzed observation experience with course material to determine whetherthe participant is developmentally on track for each area of development. • 4-6 Pages in length • APA Formatting • Submission will be checked for plagiarism
.
Part 2Data collectionfrom your change study initiative,.docxsmile790243
Part 2:
Data collection
from your change study initiative, sample, method, display of the results of the data itself, process, and method of analysis (graphs, charts, frequency counts, descriptive statistics of the data, narrative)
Part 3: Interpretation of the results of the Data
Collection and
Analysis, address likely resistance, and provide recommendations for continuing
the study
or evaluating your change study/initiative.
.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Making Long Term FM Decisions - Integrative Case Title An.docx
1. Making Long Term FM Decisions - Integrative Case
Title: Analyzing Long Term Financial Decision Making in the
Firm (Learning Demonstration 3)
Initial Steps to Completion:
1. Organize your team, choose a leader, and accept
accountability for being the lead analyst for one or more parts
of this list of tasks.
2. Complete your draft assigned task(s) and post in a common
area for review by your team members.
3. Review, comment on, and suggest changes to draft completed
tasks by the team.
4. Discuss and resolve differences and come to a consensus on
the best responses.
5. Organize your analysis, conclusions, and recommendations
Course Deliverable: Write a report responding to the tasks
assigned to your team. Clearly organize your report and
effectively communicate the team’s analysis, conclusions and
recommendations (if appropriate) associated with each task.
Provide the details supporting your analysis as attachments.
You should be completing tasks along the way – do not wait
until the end of the course to complete your tasks.
Introduction: As a special analytical group set up by ACME
Iron by the firm’s Controller, you have been tasked to respond
to the following issues raised in a meeting with the CFO.
2. You and your team must look over several prospective financial
strategies to aid in the successful growth of ACME Iron.
You are to work over an 8 to 12 week period on several
projects, detail your work as you proceed on these projects, and
assemble the report for the CFO to make to the board on the
items listed while you work in a team environment.
Management will be looking at the team over this period on how
well they self-organize and analyze the research areas which
will include:
Capital investment analysis
CAPM – Capital Asset Pricing Model determination for the
company
WACC – Weighted Average Cost of Capital computations
EVA – Economic Value Analysis
MVA – Market Value Added
Capital structure of the company
Dividend policy
Stock repurchase and option pricing strategy
Bankruptcy risk analysis
Decision Tree Creation
Real option analysis of projects
The CFO wants to test your team out on a simple project in the
first task before you get into preparing items for his board
3. presentation in subsequent tasks and projects. He wants to see
how well you perform tasks as a team as well as how accurate
and thoughtful you are in your work. Details are important to
him as well as good organization/presentation and
communication.
Financial Statements for use on Tasks
ACME Iron
Balance Sheet
Assets
Current assets:
2014
2015
change
Cash
500,000
600,000
100,000
Investments
1,000,000
1,025,000
25,000
Inventories
110,000,000
117,000,000
7,000,000
5. Total fixed assets
235,000,000
255,500,000
20,500,000
Other assets:
2014
2015
change
Goodwill
75,000,000
70,000,000
(5,000,000)
Total other assets
75,000,000
70,000,000
(5,000,000)
Total assets
435,750,000
459,225,000
23,475,000
Liabilities and owner's equity
Current liabilities:
2014
2015
change
Accounts payable
40,500,000
42,400,000
1,900,000
6. Accrued wages
85,000,000
90,500,000
5,500,000
Accrued compensation
10,000,000
10,855,000
855,000
Income taxes payable
4,024,000
4,697,000
673,000
current portion of LT debt
5,500,000
10,350,000
4,850,000
Other
0
0
-
Total current liabilities
145,024,000
158,802,000
13,778,000
Long-term liabilities:
2014
2015
change
Long term debt
125,000,000
130,000,000
5,000,000
Total long-term liabilities
125,000,000
130,000,000
5,000,000
7. Owner's equity:
2014
2015
change
Common stock
122,000,000
122,000,000
-
Preferred stock
16,725,000
16,725,000
-
Accumulated retained earnings
27,001,000
31,698,000
4,697,000
Total owner's equity
165,726,000
170,423,000
4,697,000
Total liabilities and owner's equity
435,750,000
459,225,000
23,475,000
Task 1
Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM):
Your team needs to investigate certain items to compute the
required rate of return of your company. The expected market
return for the coming year is 6%, you need to find the current
rates for the 10 year Treasury bond to establish a risk-free rate.
Please remember to cite your source of this data and justify
your reasoning for using this source or data.
Your team will also need to find a rationale for estimating beta
8. since you do not have a long history on the stock market since
you are recently listed. You realize that ACME Iron is capital
intensive so the beta for the company will be influenced by this
point. Since ACME Iron is an iron producer its beta should be
in line with similar companies. Your team will need to analyze
other companies or this industry to come up with a beta
calculation for ACME Iron. Please document your investigation,
sources and justify your choice of beta for Acme.
Concept Check: The Capital Asset Pricing Model is a model that
separates market risk from individual asset risk. We look at
Market risk through the lens of inflationary impact on asset
returns and the opportunity cost of the risk free rate. Market
risk effects all assets so we utilize Beta as a measure of the
volatility of price changes in the particular asset we are
analyzing versus the market of that particular asset class.
Helpful Hint: Discuss strategy of finding financial resources
with your team. Sources should be current and dependable.
Government resources are usually the best since they are free of
charges and free of bias.
Now that you all are comfortable working together as a team
you will be given a series of tasks to help prepare the CFO for
this quarter’s board meeting and investor call.
The objective here is to determine if your company has the
correct capital structure for the strategic initiatives the CFO
wants to pursue this coming year.
In this first task of this series; (Task 2) we prepare for the board
meeting by first establishing the required rate of return our
investors will expect given the current market conditions and
our risk profile.
Task 2
9. Capital Structure and Weighted Average Cost of Capital:
We must now continue to build our models to help explain our
financial strategy to the analysts, shareholders and (of course)
senior management.
In this task we are examining the current capital structure of
ACME Iron and determining the WACC of the company.
Assume that ACME’s tax rate is 40%.
To compute the WACC you must first find the after-tax cost of
debt, the cost of equity and the proportions of debt and equity
in the firm. You can assume that the cost of debt before tax is
8% for the firm. Please clearly show how you derive each of
these values:
After-tax cost of debt =
Cost of equity =
Proportions of debt and equity in the firm =
How do we compute the WACC in this circumstance? Why do
we need to be concerned with the WACC?
Any insights into the capital structure of ACME Iron?
Concept Check: Capital structure for a public company consists
of both debt and equity. We must take into account the ability to
write off interest payments in the calculation of our cost of debt
which results in an after-tax cost of debt being used in our
WACC calculation.
The weighted average cost of capital is the weighted average of
the cost of equity and the after-tax cost of debt. Another way of
10. looking at this is computing the effect of the capital structure
on expected returns by investors.
WACC= S/B+S x Rs + B/B+S x RB x (1 – tc )
Where
S = value of equity
B = value of debt
Rs = cost of equity
After tax cost of debt: RB x (1 – tc )
Helpful Hint: One thing to bring up here is WACC is needed to
determine risk on several levels. To determine risk we need to
remember the following items:
1. Risk is deviation from expectations.
2. We need to set expectations for our investments in relation to
risk and return. Higher risk = higher return.
3. Capital is obtained from the marketplace in two forms; equity
and debt. This is the capital structure of a corporation and
impacts the profits of a company depending on how this is
managed.
4. We use our cost of capital to discount any cash flows from
new investments (NPV and IRR analysis).
5. If cost of capital rises then our risk rises and the projects we
undertake to increase sales and return to our investors is
reduced.
11. 6. If debt rises then our obligation to make payments on interest
increases and profits can decrease if sales do not increase
rapidly enough.
7. If risk increases our beta will increase to show the increase in
risk. This will increase our required rate of return to
stockholders (CAPM) and thus increase our required rate of
return we must use in discounting future cash flows.
Task 3
To illustrate and further support our strategic financial planning
systems we need to show the CFO and management team an
example of the application of the previously constructed
WACC. The CFO thinks that showing management how we can
validate and choose projects based on expected returns
developed from the WACC will help reduce risk of our
investor’s capital thus lowering the required rate of return we
would have to provide to those investors. If we lower our
expected return we can then do more projects and grow at a
faster rate.
He has asked your team to evaluate the following project:
Capital investment: Acme is planning construction of a new
loading ramp for its single iron mill. The initial cost of the
investment is $1 million. Efficiencies from the new ramp are
expected to reduce costs by $100,000 for the life of the plant
which is currently estimated at another 30 years. When will this
project break-even on a simple cash basis and a discounted cash
basis. What is the NPV of the project if Acme has an after tax
cost of debt of 8% and a cost equity of 12% (they are currently
funded equally by debt and equity)?
Concept Check: We need to adjust cash flows to account for
things like inflation, our cost of capital and opportunity costs.
12. Simply looking at cash flow not adjusted for some of these costs
will lead to taking on projects which are not really adding to the
value of the organization.
Helpful Hint: The first step in conducting an NPV analysis is to
include all the relevant cash flows. This includes savings from
taxes and any expenses directly related to the venture.We reject
any project with a negative NPV.
Task 4
An aspect of investment analysis that you and your team had
thought about was the different outcomes that may happen when
managing projects and how to adjust management’s
expectations for return in light of the real options or
probabilities that alternative scenarios may develop depending
on available information.
You determine the best activity for your team to explain this to
the CFO and management is to use a real example from a
project you are currently evaluating.
The most recent example was the company decision whether to
invest $50 Million in developing and implementing a new
enterprise system to help manage resources and meet customer
demand in the face of considerable technological and market
uncertainty.
There can be a good and bad result for this investment.
Good Result: A good result has a probability of .5 of occurring.
Here the planned cost reductions have been realized and better
integration of the supply chain is possible. These benefits are
leveraged by strong market demand for the firm's product.
There have also been feedback benefits, the enterprise system
has significantly improved perceived quality and service from
13. the customer's point of view. Annual benefits under this
scenario equal $15 million in after tax cash flow per year over
the life of the system which has been estimated as 10 years.
Bad Result: The system proves to be more difficult to
implement and improvements in management of the supply
chain are less. In addition, the growth in market demand for the
product is lower. Annual benefits under this scenario are $2
million in after tax cash flow per year for the 10 years.
Real Options: For these capital investments you must analyze
the nature of risk in this capital investment and decide on how
to adjust for that risk. You have decided to utilize an NPV
analysis of the project. Now you must define project risks and
utilize the concepts in real options to adjust or plan for that
risk.
It will be best for you to provide an option tree graphic to show
the options and then provide a table with the computations
showing how you would compute the value of this project.
Scenario #1: Use 10% cost of capital in computations and
compute the good result and poor result NPVs. Calculate the
real option NPV using the results computed.
Scenario #2: Use a risk adjusted cost of capital against the good
scenario above which can adjust for risk variables such as;
experience with the focus of the project, chance of change to
estimated variables (revenue, costs, timing, etc) and/or the
potential change in cost of capital in the future.
Compute the new NPV using a variety of risk adjusted discount
rates. Justify your computations in determining how you have
adjusted discount rates for risk. Discuss the outcomes from your
adjustments and how you would apply them in capital
expenditure justification.
14. Concept Check: Risk in finance is deviation from expectation.
We use this concept in computing beta by mathematically
computing the Security Market Line (SML) for assets and then
computing the deviation of the individual assets against the
market. The utilization of real option analysis in project
evaluation is similar to these concepts and the concept of
weighted average cost of capital.
Helpful Hint: Risk adjustment in project management can be
achieved in several manners. In the case of real options we first
need to identify the different paths our investments can take and
then the probability that each event may occur.
Task 5
This leads the CFO to ask you team to look at how the market
value of ACME is compared to the industry and research how
you can show not only this value but come up with justification
for the capital investments being made.
Your team discusses this and has determined EVA (Economic
Value Added) as well as MVA (Market Value Added) concepts
need to be established for the corporation.
Use the following table as a guide:
*12% here is a plug number. This will be different than the
number you calculated in Task 3.
Compute the P/E ratio and market capitalization for everyone.
Compute the MVA and EVA for all.
Compare and contrast the ratios; what do the ratios convey to
the investing public? How would you present these internally
15. and externally? Make recommendations to management from
your analysis.
Concept Check: Market value added focuses on the market price
and relation to invested capital while economic value is based
on operational profitability compared to invested capital. These
measures help us evaluate our organization internally and
externally to help identify gaps and opportunities.
Helpful Hint: Ratios, by themselves, tell us very little; it is only
when they are placed in context of the market, industry or
competition that they truly can be powerful.
Task 6
Reach out to team members and assign roles. You all need to
contribute. Rotating responsibilities is a suggested strategy in
this team environment.
Leasing: You are to use your critical thinking skills,
collaboration techniques, creative problem solving tools and
communication skills under the following scenario:
Your company (Acme Iron) is considering leasing a new
computer, you and your team need to perform analysis to
support the decision making process. The lease lasts for 9 years.
The lease calls for 10 payments of $10,000 per year with the
first payment occurring immediately. The computer would cost
$70,650 to buy and would be straight-line depreciated to a zero
salvage over 9 years. The actual salvage value is negligible
because of technological obsolescence. The firm can borrow at a
rate of 8%. The corporate tax rate is 30%.
a) What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the
after-tax cash flow from purchasing in years 1-9?
16. b) What is the after-tax cash flow from leasing relative to the
after-tax cash flow from purchasing in year 0?
c) What is the NPV of the lease relative to the purchase?
d) What would the after-tax cash flow in year 9 be if the asset
had a residual value of $500 (ignoring any possible risk
differences)?
e) Do you have a recommendation?
Concept Check: Understanding which cash flows are relevant is
key to determining best financing methods or project
acceptance. It helps to detail all you assumptions within the
model since questions may arise years after the initial
construction of the model.
Helpful Hint: Creating a time-line with corresponding cash
flows is usually helpful. You should also do the NPV
calculations showing your formula so if anyone wishes to
change the variables they will know how to proceed.
Task 7
In your discussions with the CFO you have talked about the
impact of a dividend on your company’s market price and
financial statements. He has asked that you and your team
evaluate the impact of issuing a dividend.
Use the income statement and balance sheet provided to make
recommendation for the amount of dividend (if any). How are
retained earnings impacted and what does this mean for the
organization?
Compute the Internal Growth Rate and Sustainable Growth Rate
using current (2015) financial information and then if we issue
17. a dividend payment of $3 million ($0.20 per share times 15
million shares).
Explain your thought process and rationale for a recommended
dividend strategy.
Concept Check: Dividends are distributions of profits to your
investors who placed their capital at risk for you. Theoretically
every company should eventually provide a dividend
distribution to their investors.
Helpful Hint: Dividends are voted on every quarter by the Board
of Directors for a company; the amount of the dividend or if any
is paid can be decided at that time.
Task 8
Share repurchase proposal: Currently, the firm has available
capital (cash and net income) of approximately $5,000,000.
There is a large block of stock available at $25 a share.
If the firm decides to spend this amount of excess cash on a
share repurchase program, how many shares of stock will be
outstanding after the stock repurchase is completed?
What are the benefits of repurchasing shares? How will this
affect the capital structure of the company? How can this be
interpreted in the marketplace?
Would a dividend be better? Please discuss the pros and cons of
dividends and share buybacks. Make a recommendation to
management.
Concept Check: There are tax ramifications which tend to get
very complex; for the sake of this exercise let us disregard tax
implications and effects.
18. Helpful Hint: Think about the impact on the ratios that
companies usually are measured by in the marketplace. Look at
these policies through the eyes of current and potential
investors as well as management of ACME.
Task 9
Evaluation of potential acquisition: Martin & Sons has $4.2
million in net working capital. The firm has total assets with a
book value of $48.6 million and a market value of $53.4
million. They currently carry no debt on their balance sheet,
sales are expected to be $45 million next year, and their tax rate
is similar to ACME at 40%. Through a mixture of synergistic
savings and increased market share this acquisition should add
$2 million in net profit per year for the next 10 years. Acme
Iron is considering buying the company for $60 million in cash.
The acquisition will be recorded using the purchase accounting
method.
What is the amount of goodwill that Acme will record on its
balance sheet as a result of this acquisition?
How do you recommend the firm finance this transaction?
Is there a danger that ACME could damage their finances to the
point that bankruptcy is a potential?
Concept Check:
5-factor model of the Altman Z-score (a for private
manufacturing firms):
Z-score = 0.717T1 + 0.847T2 + 3.107T3 + 0.42T4 + 0.998T5
where,
19. T1 = Working Capital / Total Assets
T2 = Retained Earnings / Total Assets
T3 = Earnings Before Interest and Taxes / Total Assets
T4 = Equity / Total Liabilities
T5 = Sales / Total Assets
Zones of Discrimination:
1.23 or less – “Distress” Zone
from 1.23 to 2.9 – “Grey” Zone
2.9 or more – “Safe” Zone
Interpretation of Altman Z-Score
The Z-Scores are helpful in predicting corporate defaults as
well as an easy-to-calculate measure of control for financial
distress status of companies in academic studies. A Z-Score
above 2.6 (2.9) indicates a company to be healthy. Besides,
such a company is also not likely to enter bankruptcy. However,
Z-Scores ranging from 1.1-2.6 (1.23-2.9) are taken to lie in the
grey area.
Helpful Hint:
Course Deliverable: Review the scenarios 1 through 9.
Assemble a report responding to the tasks you have been given
by the Controller. Structure your report so it is clear which task
you are addressing. Summarize the results of each task in the
body of your report and refer to the detailed supporting
calculations contained in your excel work sheet.
20. Frequently Asked Questions:
How long should my paper be in terms of pages?
Since this is a comprehensive report to management it should be
summarized with an executive summary, contain details on each
scenario analysis with supporting calculations. Expectations
would be 10-12 pages including cover page, executive summary
and references. You should also include an Excel sheet with all
detailed calculations with each problem clearly titled and
references to any templates or material from other sources.
Who is the audience for my paper?
This is a report which will go to your immediate supervisor and
senior management in your organization.
Rubric:
Learning Competency
Highly Proficient
Proficient
Low/No Proficiency
90-100
70-89
0-69
1 Communication: Learners demonstrate ability to communicate
clearly both orally and in writing.
2 Critical Thinking: Learners demonstrate ability to apply
logical, step-by-step decision-making processes to formulate
clear, defensible ideas and to draw ethical conclusions.
21. 3 Quantitative Reasoning: Learners demonstrate the ability to
use mathematical operations and analytical concepts and
operations to address problems and to inform decision-making.
5 Financial Management Knowledge: Learners will demonstrate
applied understanding of financial management concepts as
used in the professions.
6 Integrated Thinking and Application: Apply knowledge of
accounting and financial management in an integrated way to
solve problems faced by individuals and organizations.
8 Data/Information Analysis: Learners gather and analyze data
and information for information sharing, problem solving,
decision making and other purposes.