1) The Supreme Court case of US v. Nixon established that executive privilege did not allow the President to withhold subpoenaed evidence and tapes from a criminal trial.
2) The case arose from the Watergate scandal where President Nixon's aides were found to have broken into the Democratic National Committee headquarters.
3) The Court ruled that the separation of powers and generalized need for confidentiality did not allow an absolute, unqualified presidential privilege and the tapes had to be turned over, leading to Nixon's resignation.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on procedural rights in white collar criminal prosecutions. The seminar discusses constitutional rights that apply during a white collar investigation and pretrial proceedings. These include rights under the 4th Amendment against unreasonable searches and seizures, 5th Amendment right to remain silent, and 6th Amendment right to counsel. It also discusses how alleged violations of these rights can be challenged in court through motions to suppress evidence. The role of the paralegal in assisting the defense attorney is also mentioned.
The document summarizes the untold story of the first appeal filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. It describes how Edward Manzo represented Mattel in appealing a patent infringement case from the Northern District of Illinois in what became known as Appeal No. 83-500, the very first appeal filed with the new Federal Circuit. It provides background on the parties, patented invention, prior art, district court proceedings, and issues involved. It then recounts how just after 10:00am on October 1, 1982, Manzo hurried to the Clerk's office and filed Mattel's emergency motion for a stay pending appeal, docketing the first ever appeal with the new Federal Circuit.
The document discusses how in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11, the government has passed legislation like the Patriot Act and FISA that expand surveillance powers but may infringe on civil liberties. It examines several court cases where the State Secrets privilege was used to dismiss lawsuits around warrantless wiretapping programs. While greater security is important, especially during times of crisis, balancing it with civil liberties is challenging and precedents set now may undermine constitutional rights in the long run. Oversight is needed to prevent abuse of powers and protect individuals.
This document provides an overview of privacy law and ethics for a communications law class. It discusses the four main privacy torts - false light, publication of private facts, intrusion, and misappropriation. It also covers the intentional infliction of emotional distress tort and exceptions like newsworthiness. Hypothetical scenarios are presented to analyze potential privacy issues. Key cases are summarized that relate to these privacy torts, such as false light cases involving Hulk Hogan and Shirley Sherrod.
The Connecticut Bar Association held a Rule of Law Conference at Trinity College in Hartford. The conference featured two panel discussions on the rule of law in different contexts, followed by breakout sessions. It aimed to encourage appreciation and improvement of the rule of law. Panelists represented law, business, medicine, religion and discussed challenges in their fields relating to the rule of law. The conference concluded with remarks underscoring the importance of faith in the legal system and rule of law.
This document repeats the date "Friday, March 13, 2009" seven times without providing any other context or information. It does not convey any events, ideas, or meaningful content beyond stating the same date multiple times in a row.
This document summarizes several important Supreme Court cases related to slavery and civil rights in the US:
1) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ruled African Americans could not be citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, further entrenching slavery and sparking tensions before the Civil War.
2) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation if facilities were equal, legitimizing Jim Crow laws for 58 years.
3) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) established Miranda rights requiring police inform suspects of their rights to remain silent and have an attorney present during interrogations to prevent self-incrimination from
Marbury vs. Madison established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. It arose from William Marbury suing Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace appointed by outgoing President John Adams. While Chief Justice John Marshall ruled Marbury had a right to the commission, the court lacked authority under the Judiciary Act to force Madison. However, Marshall established the court could declare legislative acts unconstitutional, asserting its authority over the other branches.
This document provides an overview of a seminar on procedural rights in white collar criminal prosecutions. The seminar discusses constitutional rights that apply during a white collar investigation and pretrial proceedings. These include rights under the 4th Amendment against unreasonable searches and seizures, 5th Amendment right to remain silent, and 6th Amendment right to counsel. It also discusses how alleged violations of these rights can be challenged in court through motions to suppress evidence. The role of the paralegal in assisting the defense attorney is also mentioned.
The document summarizes the untold story of the first appeal filed with the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit. It describes how Edward Manzo represented Mattel in appealing a patent infringement case from the Northern District of Illinois in what became known as Appeal No. 83-500, the very first appeal filed with the new Federal Circuit. It provides background on the parties, patented invention, prior art, district court proceedings, and issues involved. It then recounts how just after 10:00am on October 1, 1982, Manzo hurried to the Clerk's office and filed Mattel's emergency motion for a stay pending appeal, docketing the first ever appeal with the new Federal Circuit.
The document discusses how in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11, the government has passed legislation like the Patriot Act and FISA that expand surveillance powers but may infringe on civil liberties. It examines several court cases where the State Secrets privilege was used to dismiss lawsuits around warrantless wiretapping programs. While greater security is important, especially during times of crisis, balancing it with civil liberties is challenging and precedents set now may undermine constitutional rights in the long run. Oversight is needed to prevent abuse of powers and protect individuals.
This document provides an overview of privacy law and ethics for a communications law class. It discusses the four main privacy torts - false light, publication of private facts, intrusion, and misappropriation. It also covers the intentional infliction of emotional distress tort and exceptions like newsworthiness. Hypothetical scenarios are presented to analyze potential privacy issues. Key cases are summarized that relate to these privacy torts, such as false light cases involving Hulk Hogan and Shirley Sherrod.
The Connecticut Bar Association held a Rule of Law Conference at Trinity College in Hartford. The conference featured two panel discussions on the rule of law in different contexts, followed by breakout sessions. It aimed to encourage appreciation and improvement of the rule of law. Panelists represented law, business, medicine, religion and discussed challenges in their fields relating to the rule of law. The conference concluded with remarks underscoring the importance of faith in the legal system and rule of law.
This document repeats the date "Friday, March 13, 2009" seven times without providing any other context or information. It does not convey any events, ideas, or meaningful content beyond stating the same date multiple times in a row.
This document summarizes several important Supreme Court cases related to slavery and civil rights in the US:
1) Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) ruled African Americans could not be citizens and that the Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional, further entrenching slavery and sparking tensions before the Civil War.
2) Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) established the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation if facilities were equal, legitimizing Jim Crow laws for 58 years.
3) Miranda v. Arizona (1966) established Miranda rights requiring police inform suspects of their rights to remain silent and have an attorney present during interrogations to prevent self-incrimination from
Marbury vs. Madison established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. It arose from William Marbury suing Secretary of State James Madison to deliver his commission as a justice of the peace appointed by outgoing President John Adams. While Chief Justice John Marshall ruled Marbury had a right to the commission, the court lacked authority under the Judiciary Act to force Madison. However, Marshall established the court could declare legislative acts unconstitutional, asserting its authority over the other branches.
The document provides background on the Watergate scandal that ultimately led to Richard Nixon's resignation as President. It discusses Nixon's narrow election win in 1968, the Pentagon Papers leak, creation of the White House Plumbers unit, the Watergate break-in, the investigation by Woodward and Bernstein, and key events like Senate hearings, the Saturday Night Massacre, and Nixon releasing tapes that confirmed his involvement in the cover up.
The Watergate Scandal led to the downfall of President Richard Nixon after the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building was linked to his administration. Journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered a vast cover-up within Nixon's White House and administration through their reporting in the Washington Post. This eroded public trust in the presidency and political system. Facing almost certain impeachment, Nixon became the first US president to resign from office in 1974. The scandal marked a turning point in how Americans viewed their government and politicians.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the US judicial branch. It begins by outlining the key learning goals which include explaining the federal court system, factors in appointing judges, debates around judicial activism, the Supreme Court decision-making process, and the role of the judiciary. It then describes the levels of the federal court system from district courts to appeals courts to the Supreme Court. It discusses how judges are appointed and some landmark Supreme Court cases that have shaped constitutional law.
The Watergate Scandal involved a 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C. by burglars associated with President Richard Nixon's re-election committee. Investigative reporting by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed the Nixon administration sought to cover-up its involvement. Further investigations uncovered additional illegal activities and a Nixon administration plot to sabotage the Democrats. Faced with impeachment and the release of damning audio tapes, Nixon resigned in 1974, becoming the first U.S. president to do so. The scandal had major political impacts, including curtailment of presidential power and increased public distrust in government.
The Watergate scandal refers to a 1970s political scandal that ultimately led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency. It began with the arrest of five men for breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters, and widened to reveal extensive illegal activities and abuses authorized by Nixon's staff, including campaign sabotage, illegal wiretapping, and a secret slush fund. Nixon and his staff conspired to cover up the break-in, but mounting evidence, including recordings from Nixon's secret taping system, revealed that Nixon had obstructed justice. Facing impeachment and possible conviction, Nixon resigned in 1974.
The Watergate Scandal involved the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C. by five men associated with President Nixon's re-election committee. This led to a Senate investigation and the revelation that President Nixon had an audio taping system in the White House. After fighting to prevent the release of the tapes, Nixon resigned in August 1974 when the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment, making him the only U.S. president to resign from office.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' faith in their government following the Vietnam War. It involved President Richard Nixon's administration attempting to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building. Investigative journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered details of the scandal, which eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first president to resign from office. The scandal showed extensive corruption and abuse of power by Nixon and his aides to spy on political opponents, and changed expectations of government transparency and accountability.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' faith in their government following the Vietnam War. It involved President Richard Nixon's administration attempting to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building. Investigative reporting by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed details of the crime and multiple abuses of power by Nixon's administration. This eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first president to resign from office. The scandal marked a turning point in Americans' views of their leaders and established important checks and balances on presidential power.
The document provides details about the Watergate scandal that brought down President Richard Nixon's administration. It describes the key events and individuals involved, including the burglary at the Watergate hotel by the Committee to Re-elect the President, the investigations by journalists Woodward and Bernstein, and Nixon's resignation in 1974 to avoid impeachment after the Supreme Court ruled he had to turn over incriminating audio tapes. The scandal eroded public trust in government and changed expectations of presidential transparency and accountability.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' trust in the government and changed views of politicians forever. President Richard Nixon and his administration committed numerous crimes, including the Watergate break-in. Journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the truth through their reporting in the Washington Post. Their stories, along with congressional hearings, ultimately led to Nixon becoming the first president to resign from office in 1974.
The Supreme Court held that President Nixon did not have absolute privilege to withhold
evidence, such as audio tapes, from a criminal investigation into the Watergate scandal. While
the President has a general privilege of confidentiality, it cannot outweigh the need for relevant
evidence in a criminal proceeding. The Court found that the Constitution's requirements for a fair
trial and due process under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments were more important than the
President's interest in confidentiality in this case. This established an important limitation on
presidential privilege.
The Watergate scandal timeline summarizes the key events from the 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters to the aftermath, including President Nixon's resignation in 1974. It details the burglary, subsequent cover-up attempts by the White House, investigations and hearings revealing White House involvement, and final impeachment of Nixon and pardoning by Ford, which ended the scandal but launched congressional investigations into intelligence activities.
The document discusses several examples of how the system of checks and balances between the three branches of government has worked in practice throughout US history:
- The Treaty of Versailles after WWI was rejected by the Senate despite the president's support, showing legislative oversight of treaties.
- FDR's court packing scheme increased tensions between the executive and judicial branches before the Supreme Court upheld New Deal programs.
- Congress passed the War Powers Resolution over Nixon's veto to limit presidential authority to deploy troops without congressional approval.
- The Watergate scandal led to Nixon's resignation and new ethics laws strengthening congressional oversight of the executive branch.
The document provides biographical information on Richard Nixon and summarizes his political career and presidency. It describes how Nixon rose to political prominence by investigating communist activities and helping Senator McCarthy. It outlines Nixon's foreign and domestic policies as president, including opening relations with China and establishing the EPA. The document focuses on Nixon's involvement in the Watergate scandal, from the initial break-in and cover-up attempts to his resignation from office in 1974 to avoid impeachment.
The document outlines a timeline of events surrounding the Watergate scandal from 1970 to 1972, including the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, the subsequent investigation by Woodward and Bernstein at the Washington Post linking the break-in to President Nixon's re-election campaign and top advisors, and revelations of a slush fund and "dirty tricks" campaign used against Democratic opponents.
The Watergate break-in and subsequent cover-up led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency in 1974, making Gerald Ford the first "accidental president." This damaged trust in politicians and influenced Jimmy Carter's election in 1976 as an outsider promising reform. In the long term, Watergate caused closer scrutiny of executive actions and labeled all political scandals with the "-gate" suffix, changing expectations of transparency and accountability.
This document provides background information on Richard Nixon's life and political career. It discusses Nixon growing up in a Quaker family in California, his early political successes, role in the House Un-American Activities Committee, campaigns for vice president and president. It outlines key events of Nixon's presidency, including the Watergate scandal, his involvement in covering it up, and eventual resignation in 1974. The document provides context for understanding Nixon beyond just the Watergate president.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The major issue of the newly formed Republican party was opposing the spread of slavery in the western territories.
2. Roger B. Taney was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision.
3. James Buchanan likely won the 1856 election because he was a Democrat with a great deal of political experience, including serving as ambassador to Britain, and was seen as a moderate on the issue of slavery.
4. The major issue debated between Lincoln and Douglas in their famous debates was the spread of slavery and whether it should be allowed in the western territories.
5. John Brown wanted to seize the arsenal
The document summarizes key events and social movements in the US during the 1960s and 1970s. It discusses the counterculture movement and Woodstock festival. It also covers the rise of feminism and the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. The Watergate scandal is described in detail, including the break-in, cover-up attempts, investigations, and Nixon's eventual resignation. Economic issues like stagflation and OPEC are briefly touched on. Environmental concerns and events like Three Mile Island are also mentioned.
This document summarizes and responds to concerns about whether the mass of power granted to the federal government by the proposed Constitution poses a threat to the authority of state governments. It argues that the federal government has been granted few and defined powers that are necessary to provide for the common defense and general welfare, while state governments retain numerous and indefinite powers over most issues that directly concern citizens. The federal government will also rely on the cooperation of the state governments, giving states some advantage. Therefore, the proposed Constitution does not endanger state governments or the balance of power between federal and state authority.
Federalist No. 44 discusses two classes of federal powers granted by the Constitution: restrictions placed on states, and provisions giving efficacy to federal powers. Regarding restrictions on states, Madison examines clauses prohibiting states from entering treaties, coining currency, and imposing duties. He argues these restrictions preserve national authority and prevent economic discord between states. The essay also defends the "necessary and proper" clause, rejecting claims it grants overly broad powers, instead arguing it simply means powers incidental to express authorities are also authorized.
The document provides background on the Watergate scandal that ultimately led to Richard Nixon's resignation as President. It discusses Nixon's narrow election win in 1968, the Pentagon Papers leak, creation of the White House Plumbers unit, the Watergate break-in, the investigation by Woodward and Bernstein, and key events like Senate hearings, the Saturday Night Massacre, and Nixon releasing tapes that confirmed his involvement in the cover up.
The Watergate Scandal led to the downfall of President Richard Nixon after the burglary of the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building was linked to his administration. Journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered a vast cover-up within Nixon's White House and administration through their reporting in the Washington Post. This eroded public trust in the presidency and political system. Facing almost certain impeachment, Nixon became the first US president to resign from office in 1974. The scandal marked a turning point in how Americans viewed their government and politicians.
The document provides an overview of the structure and functions of the US judicial branch. It begins by outlining the key learning goals which include explaining the federal court system, factors in appointing judges, debates around judicial activism, the Supreme Court decision-making process, and the role of the judiciary. It then describes the levels of the federal court system from district courts to appeals courts to the Supreme Court. It discusses how judges are appointed and some landmark Supreme Court cases that have shaped constitutional law.
The Watergate Scandal involved a 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C. by burglars associated with President Richard Nixon's re-election committee. Investigative reporting by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed the Nixon administration sought to cover-up its involvement. Further investigations uncovered additional illegal activities and a Nixon administration plot to sabotage the Democrats. Faced with impeachment and the release of damning audio tapes, Nixon resigned in 1974, becoming the first U.S. president to do so. The scandal had major political impacts, including curtailment of presidential power and increased public distrust in government.
The Watergate scandal refers to a 1970s political scandal that ultimately led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency. It began with the arrest of five men for breaking into the Democratic National Committee headquarters, and widened to reveal extensive illegal activities and abuses authorized by Nixon's staff, including campaign sabotage, illegal wiretapping, and a secret slush fund. Nixon and his staff conspired to cover up the break-in, but mounting evidence, including recordings from Nixon's secret taping system, revealed that Nixon had obstructed justice. Facing impeachment and possible conviction, Nixon resigned in 1974.
The Watergate Scandal involved the June 17, 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington D.C. by five men associated with President Nixon's re-election committee. This led to a Senate investigation and the revelation that President Nixon had an audio taping system in the White House. After fighting to prevent the release of the tapes, Nixon resigned in August 1974 when the House Judiciary Committee approved articles of impeachment, making him the only U.S. president to resign from office.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' faith in their government following the Vietnam War. It involved President Richard Nixon's administration attempting to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building. Investigative journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered details of the scandal, which eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first president to resign from office. The scandal showed extensive corruption and abuse of power by Nixon and his aides to spy on political opponents, and changed expectations of government transparency and accountability.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' faith in their government following the Vietnam War. It involved President Richard Nixon's administration attempting to cover up a burglary at the Democratic National Committee headquarters in the Watergate building. Investigative reporting by Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein revealed details of the crime and multiple abuses of power by Nixon's administration. This eventually led to Nixon's resignation in 1974, making him the first president to resign from office. The scandal marked a turning point in Americans' views of their leaders and established important checks and balances on presidential power.
The document provides details about the Watergate scandal that brought down President Richard Nixon's administration. It describes the key events and individuals involved, including the burglary at the Watergate hotel by the Committee to Re-elect the President, the investigations by journalists Woodward and Bernstein, and Nixon's resignation in 1974 to avoid impeachment after the Supreme Court ruled he had to turn over incriminating audio tapes. The scandal eroded public trust in government and changed expectations of presidential transparency and accountability.
The Watergate Scandal destroyed Americans' trust in the government and changed views of politicians forever. President Richard Nixon and his administration committed numerous crimes, including the Watergate break-in. Journalists Bob Woodward and Carl Bernstein uncovered the truth through their reporting in the Washington Post. Their stories, along with congressional hearings, ultimately led to Nixon becoming the first president to resign from office in 1974.
The Supreme Court held that President Nixon did not have absolute privilege to withhold
evidence, such as audio tapes, from a criminal investigation into the Watergate scandal. While
the President has a general privilege of confidentiality, it cannot outweigh the need for relevant
evidence in a criminal proceeding. The Court found that the Constitution's requirements for a fair
trial and due process under the Fifth and Sixth Amendments were more important than the
President's interest in confidentiality in this case. This established an important limitation on
presidential privilege.
The Watergate scandal timeline summarizes the key events from the 1972 break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters to the aftermath, including President Nixon's resignation in 1974. It details the burglary, subsequent cover-up attempts by the White House, investigations and hearings revealing White House involvement, and final impeachment of Nixon and pardoning by Ford, which ended the scandal but launched congressional investigations into intelligence activities.
The document discusses several examples of how the system of checks and balances between the three branches of government has worked in practice throughout US history:
- The Treaty of Versailles after WWI was rejected by the Senate despite the president's support, showing legislative oversight of treaties.
- FDR's court packing scheme increased tensions between the executive and judicial branches before the Supreme Court upheld New Deal programs.
- Congress passed the War Powers Resolution over Nixon's veto to limit presidential authority to deploy troops without congressional approval.
- The Watergate scandal led to Nixon's resignation and new ethics laws strengthening congressional oversight of the executive branch.
The document provides biographical information on Richard Nixon and summarizes his political career and presidency. It describes how Nixon rose to political prominence by investigating communist activities and helping Senator McCarthy. It outlines Nixon's foreign and domestic policies as president, including opening relations with China and establishing the EPA. The document focuses on Nixon's involvement in the Watergate scandal, from the initial break-in and cover-up attempts to his resignation from office in 1974 to avoid impeachment.
The document outlines a timeline of events surrounding the Watergate scandal from 1970 to 1972, including the break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters, the subsequent investigation by Woodward and Bernstein at the Washington Post linking the break-in to President Nixon's re-election campaign and top advisors, and revelations of a slush fund and "dirty tricks" campaign used against Democratic opponents.
The Watergate break-in and subsequent cover-up led to Richard Nixon's resignation from the presidency in 1974, making Gerald Ford the first "accidental president." This damaged trust in politicians and influenced Jimmy Carter's election in 1976 as an outsider promising reform. In the long term, Watergate caused closer scrutiny of executive actions and labeled all political scandals with the "-gate" suffix, changing expectations of transparency and accountability.
This document provides background information on Richard Nixon's life and political career. It discusses Nixon growing up in a Quaker family in California, his early political successes, role in the House Un-American Activities Committee, campaigns for vice president and president. It outlines key events of Nixon's presidency, including the Watergate scandal, his involvement in covering it up, and eventual resignation in 1974. The document provides context for understanding Nixon beyond just the Watergate president.
Here are the answers to the questions:
1. The major issue of the newly formed Republican party was opposing the spread of slavery in the western territories.
2. Roger B. Taney was the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court who wrote the majority opinion in the Dred Scott decision.
3. James Buchanan likely won the 1856 election because he was a Democrat with a great deal of political experience, including serving as ambassador to Britain, and was seen as a moderate on the issue of slavery.
4. The major issue debated between Lincoln and Douglas in their famous debates was the spread of slavery and whether it should be allowed in the western territories.
5. John Brown wanted to seize the arsenal
The document summarizes key events and social movements in the US during the 1960s and 1970s. It discusses the counterculture movement and Woodstock festival. It also covers the rise of feminism and the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision. The Watergate scandal is described in detail, including the break-in, cover-up attempts, investigations, and Nixon's eventual resignation. Economic issues like stagflation and OPEC are briefly touched on. Environmental concerns and events like Three Mile Island are also mentioned.
This document summarizes and responds to concerns about whether the mass of power granted to the federal government by the proposed Constitution poses a threat to the authority of state governments. It argues that the federal government has been granted few and defined powers that are necessary to provide for the common defense and general welfare, while state governments retain numerous and indefinite powers over most issues that directly concern citizens. The federal government will also rely on the cooperation of the state governments, giving states some advantage. Therefore, the proposed Constitution does not endanger state governments or the balance of power between federal and state authority.
Federalist No. 44 discusses two classes of federal powers granted by the Constitution: restrictions placed on states, and provisions giving efficacy to federal powers. Regarding restrictions on states, Madison examines clauses prohibiting states from entering treaties, coining currency, and imposing duties. He argues these restrictions preserve national authority and prevent economic discord between states. The essay also defends the "necessary and proper" clause, rejecting claims it grants overly broad powers, instead arguing it simply means powers incidental to express authorities are also authorized.
Here is a three paragraph essay on important actions taken by three U.S. presidents discussed in the document:
[Paragraph 1] Theodore Roosevelt, as president from 1901 to 1909, took on large business trusts through his role as the "Trust buster." He broke up large monopolies and business consolidations that were dominating industries, such as John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil monopoly. This action helped regulate industry and level the playing field for smaller businesses.
[Paragraph 2] Woodrow Wilson, president from 1913 to 1921, advocated for U.S. entry into World War I due to attacks on American ships. He also created his Fourteen Points plan as a way to achieve a lasting peace after the war. While only
Declaration of independence & northwest ordinancedficker
The document discusses the Declaration of Independence and the Northwest Ordinance. It explains that the Declaration justified breaking from British rule due to natural rights like taxation without representation being violated. The Northwest Ordinance established rules for admitting new states and territories, requiring democratic republican governments that guaranteed rights like freedom of religion and trial by jury.
Public policy addresses specific challenges through government action. There are eight steps to making public policy: 1) making assumptions, 2) setting the agenda, 3) deciding to act, 4) deciding how much to do, 5) choosing a tool like spending, taxes, or regulations, 6) deciding who will deliver goods or services like federal, state, or private groups, 7) making implementation rules, and 8) running the program. Public policy can be distributive, redistributive, or counterdistributive depending on if it gives benefits to all, takes from some and gives to others, or takes from all to solve a problem.
This document discusses the influence of various media on American politics. It addresses the impact of television, the internet, radio and newspapers. It explores how the media can shape public opinion on issues and influence politics through agenda setting and framing issues. The document also discusses the role of media consolidation, regulation of media, examples of bias, and how politicians have utilized different forms of media throughout history.
Political parties serve several functions including helping to unify the electorate, organize the government, and translate public preferences into policy. They also provide competition through elections and a loyal opposition. Parties nominate candidates through primary elections or party conventions and caucuses. The U.S. has a two-party system that tends toward stability through a winner-take-all approach, though minor parties still exist to represent single issues or ideological stances. Over time, the party system and voter preferences have undergone some realignment as new issues and coalitions emerge.
This document discusses interest groups and their influence on government. It defines interest groups as collections of people who share common interests and seek to influence policy. Interest groups employ lobbying tactics to achieve their goals. The document also discusses different types of interest groups including economic, ideological, public interest groups and those focused on foreign policy. It outlines various techniques interest groups use to exert influence, including publicity, direct contact with government, litigation and campaign contributions. The document provides context on the role of lobbyists and money in politics including PAC contributions to candidates over time.
Political culture refers to the widely shared beliefs, values, and norms that citizens hold towards their government, which can vary between countries and regions and change over time. It influences political behavior and can be used to predict how politicians will vote. Main influences on U.S. political culture include family, religion, gender, education, social class, race, and region, which tend to make some groups more liberal or conservative. Some key American shared political values identified are natural rights, liberty, equality, individualism, majority rule, popular sovereignty, justice and the rule of law, and patriotism.
This document summarizes the results of a 2002 survey by the Washington Post/Henry J. Kaiser Foundation/Harvard University that categorized American voters into three groups based on their political knowledge and engagement: 25% were "Attentive Public" who closely follow politics, 40% were "Part-Time Citizens" who pay some attention, and 35% were "Political Know-Nothings" who pay little attention to politics.
The document discusses the powers and roles of the President of the United States. It outlines that the President has powers listed in Article II, including enforcing laws and appointing cabinet members and judges with Senate approval. The President serves as the head of state, chief executive, chief administrator, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief legislator, head of their political party, and chief citizen. Some of the President's key powers include vetoing bills, negotiating treaties, commanding the military, and proposing legislation. However, Congress can override vetoes and is not obligated to pass the President's proposals.
This document provides an overview of Congress and its structure and processes. It defines key terms related to members of Congress and elections. It also outlines the differences between the House and Senate, including that the House has a Speaker and majority leader while the Senate has a President and president pro tempore. Finally, it details the roles and responsibilities of congressional leadership positions in both the House and Senate.
The federal bureaucracy is part of the executive branch and assists the President in carrying out laws passed by Congress. It is comprised of various agencies, departments, and employees that perform specialized functions according to established rules and procedures in a hierarchical structure. There are four main types of federal organizations: departments, independent regulatory commissions, independent agencies, and government corporations. The document goes on to define each type of federal organization.
This document summarizes key civil liberties protected by the US Constitution, including rights to free speech, privacy, due process, and prohibitions on cruel and unusual punishment. It outlines how rights like free speech were initially applied only to the federal government but have since been incorporated to also apply to state laws through amendments and court rulings. Specific cases are discussed that established or refined rights around issues like abortion, same-sex relations, search and seizure, death penalty procedures, and more.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive function. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
1) Madison discusses how factions can undermine popular governments and analyses two methods to control their effects: removing their causes or controlling their consequences.
2) Removing the causes of faction, such as destroying liberty or enforcing uniformity of opinions, is impractical or tyrannical. Controlling the effects of faction is the better approach.
3) A large, extended republic helps control faction by making it more difficult for factions to form a majority due to the greater number of citizens and parties across a larger territory. This makes it harder for factions to unite and oppress others or act against the public good.
The Federalist No. 51 discusses how the structure of the US government provides checks and balances to prevent the concentration of power. It argues that each branch must have independent power to resist encroachments from the others. Ambition must counteract ambition through the branches competing for power and influence. The legislature is the strongest branch, so it is divided into two chambers to check itself. A qualified executive veto can also check the legislature without being too detached from its own powers. The compound structure of the US system, with power divided between state and federal levels, provides double security for individual rights against oppression by either government.
This document summarizes John Locke's view of the natural state of humanity in his work "Two Treatises of Government." It outlines three key points:
1) In the state of nature, prior to government, all people are born free and equal with perfect freedom to order their own actions. They are also naturally equal, with no subordination to others unless they consent to it.
2) This natural equality means people have a duty to not harm others in their life, health, liberty or possessions. People can use force proportionate to punish criminal acts in order to preserve mankind.
3) Some argue the state of nature could not exist due to self-interest and passion, but Locke responds
This document provides an overview of the key concepts covered in an AP Government course, including the purpose of government, forms of government, values of democracy, political ideologies, and the roots of the American political system. It outlines classroom activities to simulate the development of a government on a deserted island. It also summarizes key documents and debates in the development of the US system of government, including the Articles of Confederation, the Federalist Papers, and the anti-Federalist opposition to the proposed Constitution.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
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Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
This presentation was provided by Rebecca Benner, Ph.D., of the American Society of Anesthesiologists, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
Elevate Your Nonprofit's Online Presence_ A Guide to Effective SEO Strategies...TechSoup
Whether you're new to SEO or looking to refine your existing strategies, this webinar will provide you with actionable insights and practical tips to elevate your nonprofit's online presence.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
In this presentation, we will explore how barcodes can be leveraged within Odoo 17 to streamline our manufacturing processes. We will cover the configuration steps, how to utilize barcodes in different manufacturing scenarios, and the overall benefits of implementing this technology.
The chapter Lifelines of National Economy in Class 10 Geography focuses on the various modes of transportation and communication that play a vital role in the economic development of a country. These lifelines are crucial for the movement of goods, services, and people, thereby connecting different regions and promoting economic activities.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
2. SHS Social
Studies
Marbury vs.
Madison
Judicial Review is established.
3. After the 1800 election, Adams
appoints new judges…
John Adams (Federalist) signs
appointments on his last night in
office.
Thomas Jefferson (Democratic
Republican) is to take over as
President.
What political party do you think the
judges Adams appointed belonged
to? Why did he did this?
4. “midnight judges”- what these
new judges were referred to.
William Marbury was one of
these “midnight judges.”
5. Why is Madison involved?
James Madison, TJs new Secretary of State,
was supposed to officially present Marbury
with his new position…But he didn’t!
So… Marbury sued and appealed to the
Supreme Court to get Madison to award
him the position…
6. The Verdict.
Supreme Court refuses to grant Marbury
his position!!
Why?
A section of the Judiciary Act of 1789
(which set up the federal court system in
the first place) was unconstitutional and
void.
7. Lasting Impact
This is the first time the Supreme Court
overturns an act of Congress.
Checks & balances in action!
Judicial Review- Supreme Court’s
ability to declare a law or act
unconstitutional
8. More major
cases…
McCulloch v.
Maryland
A Federalism case.
9. Federalism and the Issue
Federalism: Coexistence of Federal, state, and
local POWERS
Second Bank of the United States created
Maryland tried to impede operation of the BUS
imposed a tax on all notes of banks not chartered
in Maryland
BUS was the only out-of-state bank in Maryland
10. Fundamental Issues
Does the Constitution grants Congress implied
powers for implementing the Constitution's express
powers?
Can a state’s action impede valid constitutional
exercises of power by the Federal government?
11. The Verdict
On the first question, Marshall argued that the necessary
and proper clause of the Constitution implied that
Congress could charter a national bank
Congress was exercising of its explicit power to regulate
interstate commerce and coin and regulate money.
On the second question, Marshall wrote that "the power
to tax is the power to destroy”
Allowing the state to tax the national bank violated the
supremacy clause (Article VI) of the Constitution.
The Bank therefore is legal
12. U. S. Constitution
Article I: “The Congress shall have power .
. . to regulate commerce with foreign
nations, and among the several states,
and with the Indian tribes.”
Article VI: “This Constitution, and the laws
of the United States which shall be made
in pursuance thereof . . . shall be the
supreme law of the land.”
14. Ogden’s Steamboat Monopoly
Under a New York law adopted in 1798,
Robert Livingston obtained a monopoly, or
exclusive right, for steamboat navigation
within the state of New York.
Any boats that competed with this
monopoly would be forfeited by the owner.
15. More facts…
In 1815, after the deaths of Livingston and
Fulton, Aaron Ogden obtained a right under
the monopoly and began to run a
steamboat between New Jersey and New
York City.
In 1818 Thomas Gibbons, one of Ogden’s
former partners, began a competing
operation between Elizabethtown, New
Jersey, and New York City.
Ogden sued Gibbons for violation of his
monopoly and in 1820 New York's highest
court found in Ogden’s favor.
16. In the US Supreme Court
The Supreme Court unanimously concluded that
the New York law granting the monopoly was
invalid. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote the
Court’s opinion.
Marshall: “Commerce, undoubtedly, is traffic, but
it is something more…” Marshall concluded that
commerce included all navigation that is “in any
manner connected with commerce.”
17. Intra- versus Inter-State
Commerce
Marshall stated that the power of
Congress to regulate commerce did not
include commerce that was “completely
internal” and that did not “extend to or
affect other States.” The states had the
power to regulate such completely
internal commerce. However, the issue
before the Court concerned commerce
between two states and therefore
involved federal authority over
commerce.
20. Background
Ernesto Miranda
Arrested for
kidnapping and
rape
Poor, uneducated,
English may not
have been his
native language
Intensively
questioned for 2 to
3 hours
21. The Interrogation
Miranda was not told
that he had a right to
remain silent.
He was not told that he
had a right to an
attorney.
After about 3
hours, police obtained a
signed, written
confession.
23. Ruling
Miranda should have been told of these
rights
Therefore, police must explain these to
anyone who is a suspect or arrested
(once a suspect is in custody)
Police must ask “Do you understand these
rights?”
A suspect can decide at any time to
exercise these rights
Or, they can voluntarily waive them
24. Exclusionary Rule
Illegallyobtained evidence cannot be
used to convict a person of a crime.
Statements made by any suspects was
not informed of his/her Miranda rights
may be excluded from trial.
Statements made by any suspects who
did not understand his/her Miranda
Warning may be excluded from trial.
27. Origins: Pentagon Papers
Daniel Ellsberg, an employee
of the Defense Department ,
leaked a classified assessment
(negative) of the Vietnam
War in 1971 (Pentagon
Papers)
Senior government officials
had serious misgivings about
the war.
New York Times and
Washington Post began to
publish the Pentagon Papers,
the Nixon Administration sued
(prior restraint)
Supreme Court ruled the
papers could continue to
publish the documents
28. White House Plumbers
After the release of the
Pentagon Papers, the
White House created a
unit to ensure internal
security (stop leaks)
1971: burglarized the
Howard Hunt G. Gordon Liddy office of Daniel Ellsberg’s
psychiatrist, seeking
material to discredit him.
Nixon’s domestic advisor
John Ehrlichman knew of
and approved the plan
James McCord Chuck Colson
29. The Watergate Break-in
1972: Plumbers turned their
activities to political
espionage (re-elect Nixon)
June 17, 1972, 5 men were
arrested while attempting
to bug the headquarters of
the Democratic Party
inside the Watergate
building in Washington
D.C.
One of the men arrested,
James McCord, was the
head of security for the
Republican Party.
31. Investigations
Original investigation:
White House. Guess what
they concluded?
Watergate came to be
investigated by a Special
Prosecutor, a Senate
committee, and by the
judge in the original
break-in case
John Dean: testified
about a cover-up
Alexander Butterfield:
taping system in the Oval
Office
Saturday Night Massacre
32. Sirica:tapes are
The Tapes evidence; Nixon:
Executive Privilege
US v. Nixon: Supreme
Court ruled tapes
must ne turned over
Reasoning: the
separation of
powers, nor the
generalized need for
confidentiality of
high-level
communications, ca
n sustain an
absolute, unqualified,
presidential privilege
33. Tapes showed the cover-up:
The Tapes
authorizing the payment of
hush money
attempting to use the CIA to
interfere with the FBI
investigation.
18 ½ minute gap
Nixon’s secretary Rosemary
Woods “accidently” stepped
on the mute button
Audio experts: it was erased
at least 5 times
After “The smoking gun
tapes,” were released in
August 1974, the House
Judiciary Committee
approved Articles of
Impeachment against Nixon
Nixon resigns later that month