The document discusses techniques for establishing longleaf pine regeneration in the Red Hills region of Georgia and Florida, including: 1. The Stoddard-Neel system uses uneven-aged management and frequent prescribed fires to maintain a bimodal diameter distribution and retain old growth longleaf pine. 2. Existing longleaf pine stands can be regenerated through use of growing season fires and canopy gaps. 3. Underplanting longleaf pine seedlings and planting forest openings works well when combined with a two-year fire return interval to naturally prune trees. Site preparation may require herbicide treatments to establish burnable groundcover. 4. Conversion of former crop fields requires heavier longleaf pine stocking initially to

1. Successful EEssttaabblliisshhmmeenntt ooff LLoonngglleeaaff
RReeggeenneerraattiioonn iinn RReedd HHiillllss ooff GGAA && FFLL

3. co The couunnttrryy aarroouunndd TTaallllaahhaasssseeee aanndd
TThhoommaassvviillllee iiss ttoo qquuaaiill hhuunnttiinngg wwhhaatt tthhee
bblluueeggrraassss ooff KKeennttuucckkyy iiss ttoo tthhoorroouugghhbbrreeddss
aanndd BBoorrddeeaauuxx iiss ttoo wwiinnee..
------ FFoorrbbeess MMaaggaazziinnee

4. TThhee RReedd HHiillllss
hhaass bbeeeenn oonnee ooff
tthhee ffeeww ppllaacceess iinn
tthhee ssoouutthheeaasstt
wwhheerree ffiirree hhaass
ppeerrssiisstteedd iinn tthhee
ccuullttuurree aatt tthhee
llaannddssccaappee lleevveell
ffoorr aa lloonngg ppeerriioodd
ooff ttiimmee..

7. The ddeennssiittyy ooff ttiimmbbeerr ssttaannddss sshhoouulldd
rreecceeiivvee ccoonnssttaanntt aatttteennttiioonn oonn tthhee
wweellll--mmaannaaggeedd qquuaaiill pprreesseerrvvee..
—— HHeerrbbeerrtt LL.. SSttooddddaarrdd,, TThhee BBoobbwwhhiittee
QQuuaaiill,, IItt’’ss HHaabbiittss,, PPrreesseerrvvaattiioonn aanndd
IInnccrreeaassee

8. Relationship between timber basal area and bobwhite
abundance
SH
TT
SH
SH
TT TT
TT
TT
LL
LL
LL
PH
PH
PH
PH
DE
DE
DE
SW
SW
DE
LL
SW
4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22
Basal Area (m 2 / hectare)
8
6
4
2
18
16
14
12
10
Bobwhite Covey Count
r = -0.6118, p = 0.0019

9. Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr., Pioneering Wildlife Ecologist and
Founder of Tall Timbers Research Station

10. Herbert L. Stoddard, Sr.
Wade Tract - circa 1950
DDeevveellooppeedd tthhee
SSttooddddaarrdd--NNeeeell MMeetthhoodd
ooff FFoorreesstt MMaannaaggeemmeenntt
Leon Neel
Greenwood - circa 2001

11. Traditional UEM

12. SSttooddddaarrdd--NNeeeell UUEEMM

13. Natural Disturbance Regime(s) of
the Coastal Plain
• Fire (natural and anthropogenic origin)
– Lightning strikes kill individual trees
– Frequent low intensity (1-5 yr interval)
– Fire intensity can intensify during drought,
mortality resulting
• Wind
– Significant player in coastal regions
– Less frequent but larger scale events (Hurricanes)
• Insects/pathogens
– Southern pine beetle
(LL is fairly resistant)
– Brown spot

14. Patterns of Canopy Disturbance
Mature Forest
Stand Replacing
Gap Creating
Partial
Disturbance

15. Silvicultural Practices For EAM
Two-aged Potential

16. Silvicultural Practices For UEAM
Balanced
Unbalanced

17. Longleaf Pine
Population Dynamics
(Platt et al. 1988)

18. Actual Diameter Distributions

19. Growing
Season
EEssttaabblliisshhmmeenntt
WWiitthh FFiirree
Dormant Season

20. FFrreeqquueennccyy ooff FFiirree::
FFiirree ffrreeqquueennccyy iiss oonnee ooff tthhee mmoosstt iiff
nnoott tthhee mmoosstt iimmppoorrttaanntt ooff aallll tthhee
ffiirree vvaarriiaabblleess
• 33 yyeeaarrss iiss aa eeccoollooggiiccaall tthhrreesshhoolldd
• SShhiifftt ffrroomm wwooooddyy ttoo hheerrbbaacceeoouuss
ddoommiinnaannccee
Is important because it is a system driver

21. Fire Scars (Huffman, 2007)
72% of the sample

22. Brockway and Boyer
5-7+ yr interval

23. Morriss and Mills 1948
Age of rough 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1 2 0 1
Seed source
VG G F P

24. WWaaddee TTrraacctt EExxaammppllee
Old-growth lloonngglleeaaff ppiinnee,, hhaadd
bbeeeenn bbuurrnneedd aannnnuuaallllyy iinn tthhee
ddoorrmmaanntt sseeaassoonn ffoorr oovveerr 110000
yyeeaarrss..
NNoo rreeggeenneerraattiioonn,, ccaannooppyy
bbrreeaakkddoowwnn,, bbrraacckkeenn ffeerrnn
uunnddeerrssttoorryy

26. In 1982 mmoovveedd ttoo ggrroowwiinngg
sseeaassoonn ((MMaayy--JJuunnee)) bbuurrnnss oonn aa
22--yyeeaarr ccyyccllee..
RReeggeenneerraattiioonn,, ssttiillll ooppeenn
ccaannooppyy,, wwiirreeggrraassss uunnddeerrssttoorryy
NNoo SSooiill DDiissttuurrbbaannccee ttoo
CCaappttuurree LLLLPP

27. 160
120
80
40
0 15 30 45 60 75 90
Size Class (cm)
0
PIPA Stems/4 ha
HA4_76
HA4_96
1979
1996

28. HHiigghh DDeennssiittyy QQuuaaiill PPrrooppeerrttyy
2-year Fire Frequency
March-April Fires
Selecting for LLP- Mowers

29. Conversion of Old Field Pines
Under Planting and Gap
Planting
UUNNDDEERR PPLLAANNTTIINNGG LLLLPP
BBaassaall AArreeaass << 6600 fftt^^22//aaccrree
BBuurrnn LLaattee SSpprriinngg oorr SSuummmmeerr
PPllaanntt tthhaatt FFaallll
uussee aa 44xx44’’ ssppaacciinngg
aaccrree pplloottss oorr 9900--112200’’ wwiiddee ssttrriippss

30. UUNNDDEERR PPLLAANNTTIINNGG LLLLPP CCoonntt
HHeerrbbiicciiddeess ((GGaarrlloonn)) ccaann bbee uusseedd ttoo iimmpprroovvee GGrroouunndd ccoovveerr
SSpprraayy ssuummmmeerr pprriioorr ttoo ppllaannttiinngg
ffrroomm ffoorrbb//hhaarrddwwooooddss ttoo ggrraasssseess

31. First Burn 18 months post planting
Two Year Fire Return Interval naturally pruning and quality trees

32. Planting Forest Openings
Planting Density and Fire

33. Pruned LL Pines

34. Conversion of Crop Fields
Poorly Formed Trees – higher fertility sites?
Generally Higher Stocking Rate - 605 TPA
Pruning will be needed at lower TPA
Ground cover to permit burning – first MAY avoid issues

35. Establish Ground CCoovveerr –– BBuurrnniinngg
CClluummpp ppllaannttiinngg vveerrssuuss rrooww ppllaannttiinngg

36. In a Nutshell
• Stoddard-Neel System is a form of
UEA Management
• Bimodal Distribution versus Reverse J
• Existing LLP – Fire and Gaps
• Works well with wildlife Values
• Retains significant old growth portion
• Under-planting with frequent fire
– May require herbicide as site prep
• Field systems require heavier stocking
– Establish burnable ground cover