mahfooz_21st century materials
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This document summarizes several modern materials: artificial spider silk created from a hydrogel that evaporates leaving strong stretchy threads, Shrilk which is a biodegradable plastic made from shrimp shells that releases fertilizer when composted, Starlite whose heat resistant properties are unique but its composition remains a secret, and D3O which is a polyurethane material that flows freely but locks together on impact to absorb and disperse energy as heat before returning to its fluid state. These materials show promise for applications in textiles, plastics, insulation, and protective equipment.
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1) Nanocomposite sodalite/ceramic membranes were synthesized via a "pore-plugging" hydrothermal synthesis method for pre-combustion CO2 capture from coal-fired power plants.
2) Characterization of the membranes showed sodalite crystals embedded within the pores of the ceramic membrane support, forming a nanocomposite structure. This results in higher mechanical strength and thermal stability than conventional thin-film membranes.
3) The nanocomposite architecture also allows for defect control by limiting defects to the size of support pore openings, and protects the membrane from damage during use. This makes the membrane a promising material for high performance and cost-effective CO2 capture.
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mahfooz_toughness of finegrained copper
This document summarizes research on the toughness of ultrafine-grained copper processed using equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) for 2 and 16 passes. Copper samples were characterized using tensile testing, Charpy impact testing, and microscopy. Both UFG copper samples had comparable impact toughness to the initial coarse-grained copper, despite having different grain structures. High strain rates were found to enhance strain hardening in the UFG copper. Along crack paths, recrystallized grains formed in the ECAP-2 copper while larger grains grew in the ECAP-16 copper, even though temperature rises were similar for both.
mahfooz_ supercapacitor
Supercapacitor materials were presented. Supercapacitors store electrical energy at the interface between an electrode and electrolyte through ion adsorption, unlike batteries which store chemical energy. They have higher power density than batteries and higher energy density than conventional capacitors. Common electrode materials include activated carbon, graphene, metal oxides like ruthenium oxide and nickel oxide, and conducting polymers. Supercapacitors can be used in applications requiring bursts of energy like regenerative braking and have a longer lifespan than batteries. Future work aims to improve capacitance and energy density through nanocomposite electrodes.
mahfooz_pulsed electrodeposition technology
The document discusses pulsed electrodeposition technology. It describes pulsed electrodeposition as a unique non-line-of-sight electrolytic deposition technique that uses modulated currents to obtain wear and corrosion resistant nanocrystalline coatings. Key factors that affect pulsed electrodeposition include pulse amplitude, width, and the use of heated baths. The technique has applications in corrosion resistance coatings for automobiles and wear resistance coatings for industrial tools and machinery. Recent research has focused on developing nanocomposite coatings for hard chrome replacement.
mahfooz_piezoelectricity
Piezoelectricity is the ability of certain materials to generate an electric charge in response to applied mechanical stress. Pierre Curie discovered this effect in 1880 in quartz crystals. When pressure is applied to piezoelectric materials, the ions in the crystal unit cells are displaced, causing an electric polarization. Conversely, an electric field will cause the crystals to mechanically deform. Common piezoelectric materials include quartz and barium titanate. Piezoelectricity is used in applications such as smart sensors, medical imaging, energy harvesting, and more. Lead-based piezoelectrics are widely used but lead-free materials are being developed due to environmental concerns.
mahfooz_materials for h2 storage
This document discusses materials for hydrogen storage and some of the challenges. It notes that hydrogen is not an energy source itself but an energy carrier, and currently it is stored as either high-pressure gas or cryogenic liquid. Solid materials could provide an alternative storage method. Sorbent materials like carbon nanotubes and metal-organic frameworks can store hydrogen at low temperatures but have low storage capacities at room temperature. Complex hydrides can store more but are heavy, expensive, and only work at high temperatures. Nanostructured materials show potential through properties unlike bulk materials, but have yet to emerge as practical solutions and require more research into catalysts, intermediate phases, and kinetics.
mahfooz_laser
Mahfooz Alam presented on the application of lasers. The presentation described lasers as coherent, focused beams of light. It then outlined several laser facilities available at the Centre for Laser Processing of Materials, including a 6 kW fiber coupled diode laser system, 3.5 kW CO2 slab laser, pulsed Nd:YAG laser system, ultrafast laser micro machining system, DCO35 slab CO2 laser/laser mig hybrid welding system, and an automated cold metal transform welding machine. The presentation concluded with acknowledgments.
mahfooz_inhibition of stress corrosion cracking in stainless steels
The document discusses stress corrosion cracking (SCC) in stainless steels and methods for its inhibition. SCC occurs due to the combined effect of corrosion and stress and can lead to sudden failure of ductile metals. Austenitic stainless steels are most susceptible to SCC in chloride environments. Methods for inhibiting SCC in stainless steels include lowering stress through heat treatment, controlling corrosive environments, alloying to increase resistance, using protective coatings, and introducing compressive residual stresses through techniques like shot peening, laser peening, and buffing. Cathodic protection is also discussed as an effective method by making the metal a cathode.
mahfooz_hall-petch-effect-in-bulk-nanostructured-material
This document summarizes research on the Hall-Petch effect in nanostructured bulk materials. It discusses how nanostructured materials are synthesized using solid-state and liquid processing techniques. It then reviews studies that have examined the relationship between grain size and strength based on the Hall-Petch model in various materials like BCC, FCC, and HCP metals. Several models for grain-size strengthening are described, including dislocation pile-up and excess dislocation generation at grain boundaries. The document also notes that the Hall-Petch relationship can break down at very small grain sizes in nanocrystalline materials.
mahfooz _graphene
Dr. Venkata Girish Kotnur of the University of Hyderabad presented a course on graphene. Graphene is a one atom thick sheet of carbon atoms arranged in a honeycomb lattice that was first isolated in 2004. It has exceptional properties such as being 200 times stronger than steel and more electrically conductive than silicon. Potential applications of graphene include flexible displays, DNA sequencing, water filtration, and energy storage. Challenges remain in reducing the cost of graphene and developing large-scale growth and production methods.
mahfooz galvonic corossion
Mahfooz Alam presented on the science of galvanic corrosion. The presentation covered the history of galvanic corrosion discoveries in the 17th century Royal Navy. It defined galvanic corrosion as corrosion damage induced when two dissimilar metals are coupled in an electrolyte. The mechanism involves the more noble metal acting as the cathode and the less noble metal corroding as the anode due to potential differences between the metals. Factors like material properties, surface area ratios, and electrolyte composition affect the corrosion rate. Measures to reduce galvanic corrosion include choosing metals close in the galvanic series, insulating dissimilar metals, and using cathodic protection with a sacrificial anode. Applications of galvan
mahfooz_deformation in cryst_al
Slip and twinning are two important deformation mechanisms in crystals. Slip involves the sliding of atomic planes over one another along crystallographic planes called slip planes, and occurs when the critical resolved shear stress is exceeded. It is controlled by dislocations. Twinning involves mirror-image reflections on either side of a twinning plane, where successive atomic planes are displaced by increasing amounts. Twinning accommodates deformation by changing the crystal orientation and is important when slip systems are limited. The key differences between slip and twinning are that slip is a line defect controlled by dislocations while twinning is a grain boundary surface defect.
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mahfooz_21st century materials
- 1. 21st CENTURY MATERIALS PRESENTED BY MAHFOOZ ALAM 17ETMM10 SEST,UOH
- 2. CONTENTS • Artificial spider silk • Shrilk • Starlite • D3O
- 3. ARTIFICIAL SPIDER SILK •Now, researchers at the University of Cambridge have
- 4. • “Spiders are interesting models because they are able to produce these superb silk fibers at room temperature using water as a solvent’’. • The lab-made fibers are created from a material called a hydrogel, which is 98 percent water and 2 percent silica and cellulose, the latter two held together by cucurbiturils, molecules that serve as “handcuffs.” • The silica and cellulose fibers can be pulled from the hydrogel. After 30 seconds or so, the water evaporates, leaving behind only the strong, stretchy thread. *Cucurbiturils are macrocyclic molecules made of glycoluril monomers linked by methylene bridges (-
- 5. SHRILK (BIODEGRADABLE PLASTIC) • Today, humans produce 300 million tons of plastic per year and recycle only 3%, leaving the other 97% to break down in oceans and landfills where they harm the food chain and our environment. • Wyss Institute researchers have developed a fully degradable bioplastic by isolating a material called chitosan found in shrimp shells and forming a laminate with silk fibroin protein and the new material, called “Shrilk”. • it rapidly biodegrades when placed in compost and releasing nitrogen-rich nutrient fertilizer. • Ref:https://wyss.harvard.edu/technology/chitosan-bioplastic/
- 6. STARLITE • Starlite is a material claimed to be able to withstand and insulate from extreme heat. • composition of Starlite is still unknown. • Under tests, Starlite was claimed to be able to withstand attack by a laser beam that could produce a temperature of 10,000 degrees Celsius. • Starlite's composition is a closely guarded secret, but it is said to contain a variety of (organic) polymers and co-polymers with both organic and inorganic additives, including borates and small quantities of ceramics and other special barrier ingredients — up to 21 in all. Perhaps uniquely for a material claimed to be thermal and blast-proof, it is claimed to be not wholly organic but up to 90 percent organic.
- 7. D3O • D3O (formally "D3o") is a polyurethane energy-absorbing material containing several additives and Polyborodimethylsiloxane. • its raw state flows freely, but on shock, locks together to absorb and disperse energy as heat, before returning to its semi fluid state. • The patent cites optimal proportions for a shock absorbing foam composite formula : by volume, 15-35% of PBDMS and 40-70% fluid (the gas resulting from the foaming process, generally carbon dioxide) the remainder being polyurethane. • D3O's technology is found in many sports equipment such as body armor.
- 8. D3O APPLICATIONS • Military • Work wear • Sports • Motorcycle apparel • References • "Shock factor - d3o | Latest Features". physics.org. 2009-05-27. Retrieved 2012-09-07.
- 9. Thank you