This document discusses ergonomics and its relevance to occupational therapy. It defines ergonomics as the science of work and the interaction between humans and the working environment. The document outlines how ergonomic principles can help optimize function, work performance, safety and productivity. It discusses various ergonomic assessment tools and interventions that occupational therapists can use in practice, such as modifying tools/equipment, education, and adapting the working environment. Common ergonomic risk factors like force, repetition, posture are also defined. The high prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal disorders among occupational therapists is noted.
To improve and enlightening production ergonomics is a search widespread to numerous organizations in diverse engineering and management zones. At the foundation is an ambition to eradicate hazards for job concerned musculoskeletal disorders, but recent observations on ergonomics have developed the discipline from a merely physiological, anthropometrical, and Psychosocial influential apprehension to an organizational, systems performance discipline. This research recommends that in an organization ergonomics infrastructure is made up of the structural, technical, executive and stakeholder comparative circumstances that allow or obstruct development of ergonomics. These circumstances spotlight on the positioning of diverse employees towards ergonomics concerns in an organization, the relationships between user, workers or employees, scenario, scheme and strategy they use for arguments, and the manipulate that occur from industry-particular culture, insolences and technical incorporation (or elimination) of ergonomics into engineering and production progressions. The information deduced from the research in this paper has been produced together with pertinent theoretical perceptions originated in the literature, into a Tentative Agenda which conducts empirical data assembly intended at planning the ergonomics infrastructure in an organization. Its step-by-step methodical appraisal of circumstances at diverse hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics experts and managers alike in classifying pathways and obstructions to improve production ergonomics.
Mitigating Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Employees Through Struct...ShreeGodrej
Read this three-pronged approach to ergonomics training in reducing the risk of WMSDs among officegoers. Download the complete whitepaper to learn more about effective ergonomic training programs offered by Godrej Interio.
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 1 .docxrusselldayna
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 1
Ergonomic Hazard in the Workplace
Maryann Dadis
National University
COH 412: Injury Prevention
Date
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 2
Injuries relating to ergonomics is a costly and enormous problem. According to Bureau of
Labor Statistics (2017), ergonomic-related injuries continuous to be a significant cause of time
off in many workplaces. For example, in 2013, BLS estimated that those injuries resulted in
380,600 of days-away-from-work. Employees will be able to perform their jobs more effectively
if they are free from injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome. This is the reason why ergonomics
has been one the focuses of the National Safety Council.
During an internship at an independent pharmacy, 2 of the workers were suffering from
musculoskeletal disorders caused by a poorly designed workplace. The pharmacy area was small
but busy, processing about 450 prescriptions per day. To reduce the amount of time spent on
filling prescriptions, commonly prescribed or fast-moving drugs were stocked on shelves under
the ‘customer’s window”. Because of this, retrieving medications required the filling technician
to bend and reach. Additionally, prescriptions were arriving by phone and the intake pharmacist
was spending a lot of time on the phone receiving the prescription request. She suffered from
neck pain due to her neck being in bent position all the time as headphones were not provided.
Furthermore, some computer stations did not support neutral postures for typing. This was
because monitors and keyboards were too low for a standing station, but there was no legroom
for sitting station either.
The ergonomic hazard that was associated with that workplace was the awkward postures
with excessive bending and reaching. Extended reaches are examples of awkward postures that
require the body to deviate from the neutral in the arms, shoulders, and back. Performing tasks in
such positions repeatedly enforce increased stress on the muscles and joints. Injuries occur when
stressed muscles do not have enough time to recover. The injuries that those employees sustained
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 3
were caused by frequent bending, reaching and awkward postures with the computer and
telephone use. The arrangement of the pharmacy and the lack of headphones resulted in twisted
postures and neck strain.
Hierarchy of Control
The hierarchy of controls is a model used by safety professionals to explain and establish
effective and practical approaches for minimizing contact with workplace hazards. There is no
single definitive model, but a rather extensive variety of interpretations of the model (Coble,
2015). The model is wide-ranging, so it can be applied to a broad range of dangers in the
workplace.
Engineering Control: Ergonomically designed workstations, chairs, and equipment. Integrate
adj.
Preliminary Labor Ergonomic Analysis Applied to a Brazilian Solid Materials R...CSCJournals
The key to successfully develop a program to enhance safety and ergonomics in the workplace is an innovative process that aims to reduce workplace injury levels as well as minimize risks. This can be achieved by raising awareness and changing employees' behavior. Nowadays managers tend to strive for improved efficiency and productivity in all sectors. However, the growing demand for greater productivity has put the employees' health and well-being at great risk. Following another trend, the enterprise under study is based on the principles of solidarity economy that aims to guarantee self-management processes, focusing on the human health and wellbeing rather than financial profits. Based on the ergonomic questionnaire results and the follow-up of the co-workers' routine, some forms of improvement to accomplish their tasks were suggested.
To improve and enlightening production ergonomics is a search widespread to numerous organizations in diverse engineering and management zones. At the foundation is an ambition to eradicate hazards for job concerned musculoskeletal disorders, but recent observations on ergonomics have developed the discipline from a merely physiological, anthropometrical, and Psychosocial influential apprehension to an organizational, systems performance discipline. This research recommends that in an organization ergonomics infrastructure is made up of the structural, technical, executive and stakeholder comparative circumstances that allow or obstruct development of ergonomics. These circumstances spotlight on the positioning of diverse employees towards ergonomics concerns in an organization, the relationships between user, workers or employees, scenario, scheme and strategy they use for arguments, and the manipulate that occur from industry-particular culture, insolences and technical incorporation (or elimination) of ergonomics into engineering and production progressions. The information deduced from the research in this paper has been produced together with pertinent theoretical perceptions originated in the literature, into a Tentative Agenda which conducts empirical data assembly intended at planning the ergonomics infrastructure in an organization. Its step-by-step methodical appraisal of circumstances at diverse hierarchical levels in the organization should serve ergonomics experts and managers alike in classifying pathways and obstructions to improve production ergonomics.
Mitigating Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders in Employees Through Struct...ShreeGodrej
Read this three-pronged approach to ergonomics training in reducing the risk of WMSDs among officegoers. Download the complete whitepaper to learn more about effective ergonomic training programs offered by Godrej Interio.
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 1 .docxrusselldayna
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 1
Ergonomic Hazard in the Workplace
Maryann Dadis
National University
COH 412: Injury Prevention
Date
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 2
Injuries relating to ergonomics is a costly and enormous problem. According to Bureau of
Labor Statistics (2017), ergonomic-related injuries continuous to be a significant cause of time
off in many workplaces. For example, in 2013, BLS estimated that those injuries resulted in
380,600 of days-away-from-work. Employees will be able to perform their jobs more effectively
if they are free from injuries such as carpal tunnel syndrome. This is the reason why ergonomics
has been one the focuses of the National Safety Council.
During an internship at an independent pharmacy, 2 of the workers were suffering from
musculoskeletal disorders caused by a poorly designed workplace. The pharmacy area was small
but busy, processing about 450 prescriptions per day. To reduce the amount of time spent on
filling prescriptions, commonly prescribed or fast-moving drugs were stocked on shelves under
the ‘customer’s window”. Because of this, retrieving medications required the filling technician
to bend and reach. Additionally, prescriptions were arriving by phone and the intake pharmacist
was spending a lot of time on the phone receiving the prescription request. She suffered from
neck pain due to her neck being in bent position all the time as headphones were not provided.
Furthermore, some computer stations did not support neutral postures for typing. This was
because monitors and keyboards were too low for a standing station, but there was no legroom
for sitting station either.
The ergonomic hazard that was associated with that workplace was the awkward postures
with excessive bending and reaching. Extended reaches are examples of awkward postures that
require the body to deviate from the neutral in the arms, shoulders, and back. Performing tasks in
such positions repeatedly enforce increased stress on the muscles and joints. Injuries occur when
stressed muscles do not have enough time to recover. The injuries that those employees sustained
Ergonomic Hazards in the Workplace 3
were caused by frequent bending, reaching and awkward postures with the computer and
telephone use. The arrangement of the pharmacy and the lack of headphones resulted in twisted
postures and neck strain.
Hierarchy of Control
The hierarchy of controls is a model used by safety professionals to explain and establish
effective and practical approaches for minimizing contact with workplace hazards. There is no
single definitive model, but a rather extensive variety of interpretations of the model (Coble,
2015). The model is wide-ranging, so it can be applied to a broad range of dangers in the
workplace.
Engineering Control: Ergonomically designed workstations, chairs, and equipment. Integrate
adj.
Preliminary Labor Ergonomic Analysis Applied to a Brazilian Solid Materials R...CSCJournals
The key to successfully develop a program to enhance safety and ergonomics in the workplace is an innovative process that aims to reduce workplace injury levels as well as minimize risks. This can be achieved by raising awareness and changing employees' behavior. Nowadays managers tend to strive for improved efficiency and productivity in all sectors. However, the growing demand for greater productivity has put the employees' health and well-being at great risk. Following another trend, the enterprise under study is based on the principles of solidarity economy that aims to guarantee self-management processes, focusing on the human health and wellbeing rather than financial profits. Based on the ergonomic questionnaire results and the follow-up of the co-workers' routine, some forms of improvement to accomplish their tasks were suggested.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Companyijtsrd
The process of Shifting material manually has the potential for injury to employees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the injury risk level in manual handling activity, as well as to improve the condition. The observed manual material handling activity is truck loading. This activity was analyzed using different software such as NIOSH equation, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, and compression force using 3DSSPP software as well as Nordic body map questionnaire was used to identify body discomfort level. In this study 5 male truck loading operators were taken as subjects, they are loading boxes from stacking area to truck manually. The task involved small repetitive movement while handling material, due to this the load man has faced work related musculoskeletal problems. The Nordic questionnaire is spread among the workers for collecting data, after collecting all information sorted out and analyzes the body parts using above software. The outcome shows that most of the workers who carry out activities have a high level of risk with the score of REBA exceeds points 12 risk is very high, need immediate changes required to improve the task , Literature survey indicates the lifting index should not be in more than 1, but the value obtained is 7.591 the job is more dangerous and stressful . Compression force exceeds the actual limit of 3400, but in this manual handling having compression force is 3408. When the Nordic body mapping method the major discomfort was found in the body parts such as Lower back, Forearm, upper arm. Based on the suggestion conveyor system is introduced and we re assess risk level of the body parts and the result shows that the risk level decreased up to 50 . Therefore replacing manual handling system with the conveyor system with reduces the lower back pain. Mohamed Ismail. S | Muthukumar. K ""Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Company"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23112/risk-assessment-in-manual-material-handling-of-an-edible-oil-company/mohamed-ismail-s
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 1Surashmie Kaalmegh
ergonomics , also known as human factors is very important in many design fields where system-human interface is unavoidable. it is also important for furniture design system as no one size fits all.
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 1SurashmieKalmegh
Etrgonomics is important for human comfort , also known as human factors how important it is in furniture design is the first part of this lecture. Intended for anyone interested in the subject.
Physiotherapy helps to restore movement and function when someone is affected by injury, illness or disability. It can also help to reduce your risk of injury or illness in the future.
Purpose:
The Purpose of this webinar is to bring awareness about Physiotherapy.
Analysis for Response Factors of a Work Station Considering Issues Ergonomicallyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This paper looks at some of the issue regarding computer workstation design and chair selection. It discusses some of the common musculoskeletal problems including carpal tunnel syndrome, neck, shoulder an low back problems caused by computer use.
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSE.docxwellesleyterresa
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM LAXMAN DESHMUKH, B.E.
ABSTRACT
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM DESHMUKH, B.E.
Master of Science in Industrial Engineering (major) and
Electrical & Computer Engineering (minor)
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
The primary objective of this project is to measure, model and simulate the human/operator performance in a manufacturing cell to improve the decision making process of the managers. It is well known that people working in a manufacturing facility suffer from stress, fatigue and physical exhaustion due to repetitive manual labor. The purpose of this project is to identify and measure the performance metrics that affect the worker’s performance and help in making decisions about rotating the workers in such a way that their capability matches the task requirement. The project involved, conducting a pilot study to identify the metric of operator performance, physically modeling and simulating an assembly station of a manufacturing cell in a laboratory, measuring the identified metric (dexterity) in the simulated and real environment and compare the results from both the environments to evaluate the simulated assembly station. Using the simulated assembly station, measurements of several different metrics can be performed in future. The primary outcome of this project is the operator task capability-requirement matrix for the assembly station in terms of dexterity. The secondary outcome of this project is the evaluation of the simulated assembly station using t - student test.
Keywords: Human performance measurement, dexterity, manufacturing cell, operator performance measurement, modeling and simulation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPICS Page
1. INTRODUCTION
12
1.1. Metric Identification
12
1.2. Measurement
14
1.3. Modeling
14
1.4. Simulation
16
2. RELATED RESEARCH
17
3. METHODOLOGY
24
3.1. Pilot Study
24
3.1.1. Equipment and Software
24
3.1.2. Experiment Design
24
3.1.3. Data analysis and plots
25
3.2. Simulation
27
3.2.1. Equipment
27
3.2.2. Experiment Design
28
3.2.3. Data analysis and plots
29
3.3. Main Study
29
3.3.1. Equipment
29
3.3.2. Experiment Design
29
3.3.3. Data analysis and plots
29
4. RESULTS
29
5. DISCUSSION
29
6. CONCLUSION
29
APPENDICES
A. Operator Consent Form
29
B. Manager Consent Form
29
REFERENCES
29
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1 Fish Bone Diagram
13
2 Anatomy of Hand
15
3 Task Requirement - Capability Model
16
4 (a) Human Glove
23
4 (b) Biomechanics Sensor Glove
23
5 (a) Average reactions Time Plot
25
5 (b) Concentration Plot
25
6 (a) Purdue Pegboard
28
6 (b) Hand - Tool Dexterity Test Equipment
28
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that human performance de ...
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Companyijtsrd
The process of Shifting material manually has the potential for injury to employees. The purpose of this study is to assess and analyze the injury risk level in manual handling activity, as well as to improve the condition. The observed manual material handling activity is truck loading. This activity was analyzed using different software such as NIOSH equation, Rapid Entire Body Assessment, and compression force using 3DSSPP software as well as Nordic body map questionnaire was used to identify body discomfort level. In this study 5 male truck loading operators were taken as subjects, they are loading boxes from stacking area to truck manually. The task involved small repetitive movement while handling material, due to this the load man has faced work related musculoskeletal problems. The Nordic questionnaire is spread among the workers for collecting data, after collecting all information sorted out and analyzes the body parts using above software. The outcome shows that most of the workers who carry out activities have a high level of risk with the score of REBA exceeds points 12 risk is very high, need immediate changes required to improve the task , Literature survey indicates the lifting index should not be in more than 1, but the value obtained is 7.591 the job is more dangerous and stressful . Compression force exceeds the actual limit of 3400, but in this manual handling having compression force is 3408. When the Nordic body mapping method the major discomfort was found in the body parts such as Lower back, Forearm, upper arm. Based on the suggestion conveyor system is introduced and we re assess risk level of the body parts and the result shows that the risk level decreased up to 50 . Therefore replacing manual handling system with the conveyor system with reduces the lower back pain. Mohamed Ismail. S | Muthukumar. K ""Risk Assessment in Manual Material Handling of an Edible Oil Company"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23112.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/23112/risk-assessment-in-manual-material-handling-of-an-edible-oil-company/mohamed-ismail-s
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 1Surashmie Kaalmegh
ergonomics , also known as human factors is very important in many design fields where system-human interface is unavoidable. it is also important for furniture design system as no one size fits all.
Ergonomics & its importance in furniture design pt 1SurashmieKalmegh
Etrgonomics is important for human comfort , also known as human factors how important it is in furniture design is the first part of this lecture. Intended for anyone interested in the subject.
Physiotherapy helps to restore movement and function when someone is affected by injury, illness or disability. It can also help to reduce your risk of injury or illness in the future.
Purpose:
The Purpose of this webinar is to bring awareness about Physiotherapy.
Analysis for Response Factors of a Work Station Considering Issues Ergonomicallyiosrjce
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of mechanical and civil engineering and its applications. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in mechanical and civil engineering. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
This paper looks at some of the issue regarding computer workstation design and chair selection. It discusses some of the common musculoskeletal problems including carpal tunnel syndrome, neck, shoulder an low back problems caused by computer use.
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSE.docxwellesleyterresa
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM LAXMAN DESHMUKH, B.E.
ABSTRACT
HUMAN PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT, MODELING AND SIMULATION FOR AN ASSEMBLY TASK
BY
POONAM DESHMUKH, B.E.
Master of Science in Industrial Engineering (major) and
Electrical & Computer Engineering (minor)
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico, USA
The primary objective of this project is to measure, model and simulate the human/operator performance in a manufacturing cell to improve the decision making process of the managers. It is well known that people working in a manufacturing facility suffer from stress, fatigue and physical exhaustion due to repetitive manual labor. The purpose of this project is to identify and measure the performance metrics that affect the worker’s performance and help in making decisions about rotating the workers in such a way that their capability matches the task requirement. The project involved, conducting a pilot study to identify the metric of operator performance, physically modeling and simulating an assembly station of a manufacturing cell in a laboratory, measuring the identified metric (dexterity) in the simulated and real environment and compare the results from both the environments to evaluate the simulated assembly station. Using the simulated assembly station, measurements of several different metrics can be performed in future. The primary outcome of this project is the operator task capability-requirement matrix for the assembly station in terms of dexterity. The secondary outcome of this project is the evaluation of the simulated assembly station using t - student test.
Keywords: Human performance measurement, dexterity, manufacturing cell, operator performance measurement, modeling and simulation.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
TOPICS Page
1. INTRODUCTION
12
1.1. Metric Identification
12
1.2. Measurement
14
1.3. Modeling
14
1.4. Simulation
16
2. RELATED RESEARCH
17
3. METHODOLOGY
24
3.1. Pilot Study
24
3.1.1. Equipment and Software
24
3.1.2. Experiment Design
24
3.1.3. Data analysis and plots
25
3.2. Simulation
27
3.2.1. Equipment
27
3.2.2. Experiment Design
28
3.2.3. Data analysis and plots
29
3.3. Main Study
29
3.3.1. Equipment
29
3.3.2. Experiment Design
29
3.3.3. Data analysis and plots
29
4. RESULTS
29
5. DISCUSSION
29
6. CONCLUSION
29
APPENDICES
A. Operator Consent Form
29
B. Manager Consent Form
29
REFERENCES
29
LIST OF FIGURES
Figures
Page
1 Fish Bone Diagram
13
2 Anatomy of Hand
15
3 Task Requirement - Capability Model
16
4 (a) Human Glove
23
4 (b) Biomechanics Sensor Glove
23
5 (a) Average reactions Time Plot
25
5 (b) Concentration Plot
25
6 (a) Purdue Pegboard
28
6 (b) Hand - Tool Dexterity Test Equipment
28
INTRODUCTION
It is well known that human performance de ...
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. PRESENT BY
M.MAHENDRAN., MOT (PAEDIATRIC)
FINAL YEAR
SANTOSH COLLEGE OF OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY ,
GHAZIABAD.
ERGONOMICS
2. WHAT IS ERGONOMICS?
The science of work – understanding the
interactions among humans and other elements of a
system (International Ergonomics Association.
The study of humans, objects, or machines and the
interaction between them (Braveman & Page, 2012).
The study of work performance with an emphasis
on work efficiency, safety, and productivity (Jacobs,
2008).
OT purpose in Ergonomics
Optimize function and work performance through
education,
intervention, and adaptation .
3. LINKING ERGONOMICS TO OT THEORY
Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and
Engagement (CMOP-E)
Model of Human Occupation (MOHO)
Person-Environment-Occupation (PEO) Model
Biomechanical Frame of Reference
4. THE JOB/TASK BEING DONE:ERGONOMICS
■ The demands on the worker (activities, workload, work pacing,
shiftwork and fatigue).
■ The equipment used (its design in terms of size, shape, controls,
displays, and how appropriate it is for the task).
■ The information used (how it is presented, accessed, and
changed).
■ The physical environment (temperature, humidity, lighting, noise,
vibration).
5. THE ORGANISATION AND SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT:
Teamwork and team structure.
Supervision and leadership. Health and Safety Executive Ergonomics and human
factors at work
Supportive management
Communications.
Resources.
find a range of physical and psychological abilities in your workforce which you may
need to take into account in designing the plant and equipment they use, and the
tasks they perform. By assessing people’s abilities and limitations, their jobs,
equipment and working environment and the interaction between them, it is possible
to design safe, effective and productive work systems.
6. HOW CAN ERGONOMICS AND HUMAN FACTORS IMPROVE HEALTH AND SAFETY?
APPLYING ERGONOMICS TO THE WORKPLACE CAN:
Reduce the potential for accidents;
Reduce the potential for injury and ill health;
improve performance and productivity. Taking account of ergonomics and human
factors can reduce the likelihood of an accident. For example, in the design of
control panels, consider:
the location of switches and buttons – switches that could be accidentally knocked
on or off might start the wrong sequence of events that could lead to an accident;
expectations of signals and controls – most people interpret green to indicate a
safe condition. If a green light is used to indicate a ‘warning or dangerous state’ it
may be ignored or overlooked; information overload – if a worker is given too
much information they may become confused, make mistakes, or panic. In
hazardous industries, incorrect decisions or mistaken actions have had catastrophic
results
7. ERGONOMIC ;THE INDIVIDUAL’S PHYSICAL AND
PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Body size and shape.
Fitness and strength.
Posture.
The senses, especially vision, hearing and
touch.
Mental abilities.
Personality.
Knowledge.
Training.
Experience.
10. INTERVENTIONS IN OT PRACTICE
Conducting assessments and developing interventions for individual workers
Providing health promotion and/or injury prevention education programs to
groups of workers
Designing and modifying workplace tools, equipment, or behaviors to
prevent injury and increase performance
Consulting with employers and insurance companies to reduce worker’s
compensation costs and promoting workplace wellness , Education and
demonstration on proper body mechanics when performing heavy duty
tasks
Providing self-management education
Helping workers successfully return to work after injuries
12. These are workplace situations that cause wear and tear
on the body and can cause injury. There are many
different ways to break up the risk factors that can be
found in the workplace.
However, here at Work Safe Occupational Therapy, we
focus on 6 key risk factors.
These ergonomic risk factors include awkward posture,
force, repetition, static work, contact stress, and Vibration.
Each one separately presents a risk to musculoskeletal
injury but when combined the likelihood of injury goes up
even more.
14. Extreme Temperatures Vibration
WORK SCHEDULE AND DURATION
Part time versus full time
Hours per day
Days per week
Overtime
Breaks
ORGANIZATIONAL STRESSORS
Job demands
Interpersonal relationships
Flexibility
Standards
INTENSIFIERS
Intensity or magnitude:
strength of exposure
Duration: length of exposure
Temporal profile: pattern of
exposure (workday, work
week, etc.)
Cold temperatures
15. Ergonomics factor is the study of the interaction between people and
machines and the factors that affect the interaction. Its purpose is to
improve the performance of systems by improving human machine
interaction.
This can be done by ‘designing-in’ a better interface or by ‘designing-out’
factors in the work environment, in the task or in the organization of work
that degrade human–machine performance. Systems can be improved by
Designing the user-interface to make it more compatible with the task and
the user. This makes it easier to use and more resistant to errors that people
are known to make. Changing the work environment to make it safer and
more appropriate for the task. Changing the task to make it more
compatible with user characteristics. Changing the way work is organised to
accommodate people’s psychological, and social needs
16. Questionnaires: Here, the employee assesses the organization
ergonomic risks during work using a questionnaire with pre-
defined answers, e.g. the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
12. This method is easy to use with large groups of workers and
enables comparisons over time and between groups. However in
workers with WRMSDS, there could be validity problems since
they experience their work with a higher perception in terms of
intensity, frequency and duration compared to those with no
WRMSDS, thus introducing a serious form of bias, i.e.
differential exposure assessment bias 13.
ERGONOMIC RISK ANALYSIS METHOD
17. Observational Methods: These methods have to be based on
concepts of an external observer (preferably an ergonomist)
who fills in a predefined scoring sheet while watching a
worker performing his/her work. These methods are more
time-consuming but their reliability and validity have been
found to be satisfactory 14. Currently, there are many
different observational methods for ergonomic risk
assessment and no consensus exists on how to choose
between them. In 2010, Takala, et al. provided an overview of
some of the existing methods 14, but we believe there is a
need for an update of this review.
18. Technical Methods: Lately, there has been a large
development of new technical methods for observing
postures, movements, and loads. For example, there are
smartpho-nes applications that can measure angles over
time 15, as well as different types of accelerometers 16-18
and inclinometers 19,20, smart clothing 21, and video-based
systems (www.vidarweb.se), etc. that could be used for
ergonomic risk assessment. These instruments are usually
very accurate, but with some disadvantages: they are more
expensive than observational methods, they need to be
handled by experts and they interfere with the
organization's work.
19. SELF-MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
Stretch in the opposite direction
Exercise
Yoga
Taking breaks during workday
Staying hydrated
Eating nutritiously Awareness of conditions and symptoms
Consider the individual’s whole day
20. WRMSDs in OT Practitioners
Work-related injuries among OTs (Passier & McPhail, 2011)
High prevalence of WRMSDs in OTs
Many of these initially occur early in career
High rate of reoccurrence (59%)
Most common areas: lower back, neck, and shoulders
Many therapists continued to work despite their injuries
Association among WRMSDs, job stress, and job attitude of OTs (Park & Park
2017)
85% of OTs had WRMSDs involving at least site Strongly correlated with repetitive motions and
improper posture
Body site most involved: low back, hand or wrist, and shoulder Occurrence of WRMSDs in OTs
was associated with increased job stress and negative job attitude
21.
22. American Occupational Therapy Association. (2017). Occupational therapy’s role with ergonomics [Fact sheet].
https://www.aota.org/-/media/Corporate/Files/AboutOT/Professionals/WhatIsOT/WI/Facts/ergonomics.pdf
Braveman, B, & Page, J., J. (2012). Work: Promoting participation & productivity through occupational therapy. F. A. Davis
Company
Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (n.d.). Work-related musculoskeletal disorders and ergonomics.
https://www.cdc.gov/workplacehealthpromotion/health-strategies/musculoskeletal-disorders/index.html#
Chismark, A. M., Stein, M. B., Curran, A. E., Asher, G. N., & Tavoc, T. (2010). Use of complementary and alternative medicine for
work-related pain correlates with career satisfaction among dental hygienists. Journal of Dental Hygiene, (4). 273-284.
Jacobs, K. (2008). Ergonomics for therapists (3rd ed.). Elsevier Mosby.
Koneru, S., & Tanikonda, R. (2015). Role of yoga and physical activity in work-related musculoskeletal disorders among dentists.
Journal of International Society of Preventive and Community Dentistry, 5(3), 199-204. https://doi.org/10.4103/22310762.159957
Park, J. H., & Park, J. H. (2017). Association among Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders, Job Stress, and Job Attitude of
Occupational Therapists. Occupational therapy in health care, 31(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1080/07380577.2016.1270482
Passier, L., & McPhail, S. (2011). Work-related injuries amongst occupational therapists: A preliminary investigation. The
British Journal of Occupational Therapy, 74(3), 143-147. https://doi.org/10.4276/030802211X12996065859328
Roll, S. C., Tung, K. D., Chang, H., Sehremelis, T. A., Fukumura, Y. E., Randolph, S., & Forrest, J. L. (2019). Prevention and
rehabilitation of musculoskeletal disorders in oral health care professionals A systematic review. The Journal of the American Dental
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Sanders, M. J. (2004). Ergonomics and the management of musculoskeletal disorders (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann.
Scaffa, M. E., Reitz, S. M., & Pizzi, M. (2010). Occupational therapy in the promotion of health and wellness. F.A. Davis Co.
23. Occupational Therapy is not to
'Explain' things, but to change the
Configure person's life, and to relieve
suffering, such as health High risk
infants care problems.
Mahendran M