The Center for Economic and Social Rights carries out research and advocacy projects on economic, social and cultural rights in countries around the globe, in collaboration with local human rights advocates and activists.
This report analyzes the current situation in Madagascar.
Progress Report of Implementating Sustainable Development Goals in 2018.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has issued the advance unedited version of the 2018 edition of his yearly report on progress towards the SDGs. The report is based on selected SDG indicators for which data were available, using the latest data as of 10 May 2018.
The report titled, ‘Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals,’ is produced to inform the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). The global indicator framework used in the report was developed by the UN Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs), and later adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in July 2017 (resolution 71/313).
This document discusses Africa's progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It finds that Africa has made progress in some areas like education but still faces challenges in reducing poverty, hunger, and preventable child and maternal deaths. The document recommends that African countries focus on improving agriculture, food security, and health systems to accelerate progress on development goals by 2015 and in establishing new goals after 2015.
FP2020 Measurement Report 2015 compressedNina Miller
This document provides a summary of progress toward FP2020 goals based on core indicators. Key points include:
- 24.4 million additional women are using modern contraception, bringing the total to 290.6 million but 10.1 million short of the 2015 goal.
- Modern contraceptive prevalence has increased from 32% to 33.2% on average across focus countries between 2012-2015.
- An estimated 133 million women in focus countries have an unmet need for family planning.
- Use of modern contraception in focus countries in 2015 averted 80 million unintended pregnancies, 26.8 million unsafe abortions, and 111,000 maternal deaths compared to 2012.
- Contra
Food insecurity persists in Iraq, particularly for rural families with low incomes. Approximately 11% of Iraqis, or 2.6 million people, live in extreme poverty and are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. An additional 3.6 million Iraqis could become food insecure if the Public Distribution System providing subsidized food was discontinued. Chronic poverty, lack of jobs, and insufficient purchasing power contribute to ongoing food insecurity problems in Iraq, especially for women, children, and the elderly in rural areas. Targeted food assistance, nutrition education, school feeding programs, and micronutrient interventions could help alleviate suffering from poverty and hunger.
The document provides an overview of FAO's appeals and funding requirements for humanitarian assistance in 20 countries and regions in 2015. It summarizes FAO's response and funding status for each appeal as of mid-2015, highlighting priority interventions and funding gaps. The total funding requirement across all appeals is USD 754 million, of which only USD 154 million (20%) has been received to date. The document appeals for further support to help FAO assist vulnerable farmers and rural communities affected by conflict and natural disasters.
Food security in focus: Asia & Pacific 2014 is an
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report
commissioned by DuPont. The report discusses the
major findings in the 2014 Global Food Security
Index (GFSI) for the 22 countries of Asia & Pacific
included in the index.
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) report ranks India 101st out of 116 countries in 2021 based on undernourishment, child wasting, stunting, and mortality rates. India's GHI score of 27.5 indicates serious hunger levels. While India has made progress since 2000 by reducing undernourishment and child mortality, child stunting remains very high at 34.7% and child wasting is the highest of all countries at 17.3%. The Indian government criticized the report, arguing the methodology is unscientific and does not account for efforts made during the Covid pandemic to ensure food security.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
Progress Report of Implementating Sustainable Development Goals in 2018.
UN Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has issued the advance unedited version of the 2018 edition of his yearly report on progress towards the SDGs. The report is based on selected SDG indicators for which data were available, using the latest data as of 10 May 2018.
The report titled, ‘Progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals,’ is produced to inform the UN High-level Political Forum on Sustainable Development (HLPF). The global indicator framework used in the report was developed by the UN Inter-Agency and Expert Group on Sustainable Development Goal Indicators (IAEG-SDGs), and later adopted by the UN General Assembly (UNGA) in July 2017 (resolution 71/313).
This document discusses Africa's progress toward achieving the Millennium Development Goals. It finds that Africa has made progress in some areas like education but still faces challenges in reducing poverty, hunger, and preventable child and maternal deaths. The document recommends that African countries focus on improving agriculture, food security, and health systems to accelerate progress on development goals by 2015 and in establishing new goals after 2015.
FP2020 Measurement Report 2015 compressedNina Miller
This document provides a summary of progress toward FP2020 goals based on core indicators. Key points include:
- 24.4 million additional women are using modern contraception, bringing the total to 290.6 million but 10.1 million short of the 2015 goal.
- Modern contraceptive prevalence has increased from 32% to 33.2% on average across focus countries between 2012-2015.
- An estimated 133 million women in focus countries have an unmet need for family planning.
- Use of modern contraception in focus countries in 2015 averted 80 million unintended pregnancies, 26.8 million unsafe abortions, and 111,000 maternal deaths compared to 2012.
- Contra
Food insecurity persists in Iraq, particularly for rural families with low incomes. Approximately 11% of Iraqis, or 2.6 million people, live in extreme poverty and are highly vulnerable to food insecurity. An additional 3.6 million Iraqis could become food insecure if the Public Distribution System providing subsidized food was discontinued. Chronic poverty, lack of jobs, and insufficient purchasing power contribute to ongoing food insecurity problems in Iraq, especially for women, children, and the elderly in rural areas. Targeted food assistance, nutrition education, school feeding programs, and micronutrient interventions could help alleviate suffering from poverty and hunger.
The document provides an overview of FAO's appeals and funding requirements for humanitarian assistance in 20 countries and regions in 2015. It summarizes FAO's response and funding status for each appeal as of mid-2015, highlighting priority interventions and funding gaps. The total funding requirement across all appeals is USD 754 million, of which only USD 154 million (20%) has been received to date. The document appeals for further support to help FAO assist vulnerable farmers and rural communities affected by conflict and natural disasters.
Food security in focus: Asia & Pacific 2014 is an
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report
commissioned by DuPont. The report discusses the
major findings in the 2014 Global Food Security
Index (GFSI) for the 22 countries of Asia & Pacific
included in the index.
The Global Hunger Index (GHI) report ranks India 101st out of 116 countries in 2021 based on undernourishment, child wasting, stunting, and mortality rates. India's GHI score of 27.5 indicates serious hunger levels. While India has made progress since 2000 by reducing undernourishment and child mortality, child stunting remains very high at 34.7% and child wasting is the highest of all countries at 17.3%. The Indian government criticized the report, arguing the methodology is unscientific and does not account for efforts made during the Covid pandemic to ensure food security.
Bangladesh faces significant food insecurity challenges, with over 60 million people not having adequate access to nutritious foods. While rice production has increased, the average diet lacks diversity and many nutrients. World Vision Bangladesh addresses these issues through agricultural and non-farm training programs that improve crop yields, introduce diversified production, and increase incomes. Their programs have reached over 155,000 small farmers and food insecure households. Key activities include farmer field schools, introduction of organic practices, and developing community extension systems, with outcomes of increased food production, diversified diets and livelihoods, and improved food security overall.
The latest FAO estimates indicate that global hunger reduction continues: about 805 million people are estimated to be chronically undernourished in 2012–14, down more than 100 million over the last decade, and 209 million lower than in 1990–92. In the same period,
the prevalence of undernourishment has fallen from 18.7 to 11.3 percent globally and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for developing countries.
An assessment of progress in promotinh sustainable rural development in the a...Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides an assessment of progress in promoting sustainable rural development in Asia and the Pacific. It finds that while economic growth has reduced poverty, inequities are increasing as policies do not prioritize sustainable agriculture. Rural poverty persists due to lack of secure livelihoods and declining public investment in agriculture. Small farmers face challenges competing in markets. Climate change also threatens vulnerable rural communities and food systems. Integrated, participatory approaches are needed to guarantee equitable access to resources, boost sustainable production, and ensure food security for all.
The document discusses the economic situation and outlook for Africa. Key points include:
1. Economic growth in Africa is projected to rise in 2022 but faces significant downside risks from repeated COVID waves and political instability in several countries.
2. Vaccination rates across Africa remain very low, exposing the region to further outbreaks, while conflicts are intensifying in some areas like Ethiopia, the Sahel region, and Libya.
3. The recovery has been uneven, with commodity exporters benefiting from high prices but tourism-dependent economies still facing challenges returning to pre-pandemic levels of activity.
- The document discusses the role of food aid and alternatives in Southern Africa, focusing on Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It revisits the response to the 2001-2002 food crisis in the region.
- Agriculture in the region has traditionally focused on maize production, creating a fragile system reliant on rain-fed agriculture by smallholders. National marketing boards historically played a key role in purchasing, distributing, and subsidizing maize and maize meal.
- The food crisis response was better late than never for Malawi. The regional crisis highlighted the complex challenges facing humanitarian action, including meeting emergency needs while addressing the effects of policies like market liberalization and structural adjustment.
Food Security Situation in East and Southern AfricaChrisman0126
This document summarizes the food security situation in the COMESA region based on a presentation given to the COMESA Fifth Joint Technical Committee on Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Meeting. It finds that around 20.9 million people in 11 COMESA countries are currently food insecure, with 7.7 million additional people at risk of food insecurity. 10 COMESA countries have serious cereal shortfalls of less than 70%. Malnutrition levels among children under five remain high, with stunting over 40% in many countries. Increased agricultural production, improved resilience, nutrition programs, and income opportunities are needed to improve food security.
This Bangladesh case study analyzes the linkages between fisheries, poverty, and economic growth. It examines the current status and trends in Bangladesh's fishery system to understand the key role fisheries has played in reducing poverty. The study uses various published and unpublished literature sources. It provides background on Bangladesh's population, poverty levels, economic growth, fisheries production and management, and policies around fisheries. The fisheries sector accounts for over 5% of GDP and involves millions of people. Improved aquaculture techniques have increased fish farming productivity. The study aims to inform DFID's efforts to increase fisheries' contributions to poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Feed the Future- West Africa FY 2011-2015 Multi Year Str...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides a multi-year strategy for the U.S. Government's Feed the Future initiative in West Africa between 2011-2015. It outlines key challenges to food security in the region such as low agricultural productivity and fragmented markets. As a regional mission, USAID/West Africa is well positioned to address cross-border issues and support regional organizations. The strategy focuses on four core investment areas: using climate-smart agriculture, increasing access to improved inputs, boosting regional trade, and building capacity of sector actors. Nutrition, gender, and climate change are addressed as cross-cutting issues. The strategy is aligned with the regional economic community ECOWAS' agriculture policy to promote food security and reduce poverty in West Africa
On Sustainable Development Goals and Inclusion in Africa SDGsPlus
This document summarizes a presentation given by Mahmoud Mohieldin, Senior Vice President of the World Bank Group, on global trends and challenges as well as progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa. Some of the key points discussed include: demographic shifts and urbanization trends in Africa; challenges like fragility, climate change, and displacement; progress made on MDGs but remaining gaps; opportunities and challenges presented by the SDGs; and the World Bank's work on gender issues and measuring development beyond GDP in African countries.
ERADICATING the World's Greatest Solvable Problem _ UN _ World Food ProgrammeSimon J. Costa
The document summarizes a UN World Food Programme special operation in Uganda to reduce post-harvest food losses. The operation involved 16,600 smallholder farmers and aimed to validate recommended procedures for improving post-harvest handling and storage of grains at scale. Key outcomes included reducing crop losses by 90-100%, controlling crop contamination, improving family nutrition and incomes, promoting gender equality, and improving farmer productivity and education. The operation demonstrated that proven concepts can significantly reduce food insecurity in developing countries without requiring new scientific breakthroughs.
Envisioning the future of African agriculture and the renewed role of farmer’s organizations
Organized by the Panafrican Farmer’s Organisations (PAFO), the ACP-EU Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), African Union Commission (AUC)
This Briefing is linked to the Brussels Briefings organized by the CTA, EC/DGDEVCO, ACP Group and Concord every two months on key issues related to agriculture in ACP countries.
More information: http://brusselsbriefings.net
Beyond the Arab Awakening:Policies and Investments for Poverty Reduction and...IFPRIMENA
This document discusses food security challenges in Arab countries and policies to address them. It finds that while some official data showed promising economic growth, many people remained dissatisfied with their standard of living due to underestimated poverty and inequality. Agriculture growth was not always pro-poor. The document advocates for country-specific strategies like Yemen's National Food Security Strategy developed with IFPRI, which assesses food insecurity levels and outlines targeted actions. It also discusses IFPRI's work providing data and analysis to support evidence-based decision making in areas like water resources, climate impacts, and building resilience in the region.
Putting Children First: Session 2.1.A Winnie Sambu - Child poverty and hunger...The Impact Initiative
This document summarizes child poverty and hunger in South Africa. Over 18 million children live in the country, with 62% living below the upper poverty line and 13% suffering from hunger. Two-thirds of food poor children live in three provinces - KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, and Limpopo. Stunting rates remain high and dietary diversity is low, especially among low-income households. While surveys collect some nutrition data, gaps exist in regular collection of dietary intake and anthropometric measurements at local levels. Expanding social grants and providing nutritional support for mothers could help address these issues.
WEBINAR: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Re...Francois Stepman
13 May 2021. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses to date, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what it all means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive.
During this session, speakers shared evidence on the impact of COVID-19, and discuss the way forward for food systems transformation.
Video recording will be posted shortly on INTPA/Infopoint Conference
Leonard Mizzi - Head of Unit, European Union Directorate General for Planet and Prosperity, European Commission
Johan Swinnen - Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
John McDermott - Director, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), IFPRI
Neha Kumar - Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
Danielle Resnick - Senior Research Fellow, and Theme Leader, Governance, IFPRI
Resource
IFPRI (2021). 2021 Global Food Policy Report: Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. 124
Food security in focus: North America 2014 is an
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report
commissioned by DuPont. The report discusses the
major findings in the 2014 Global Food Security
Index (GFSI) for the three countries of North
America included in the index.
Special Edition: Africa Renewal; Agriculture is Africa’s next frontier, 2014Africa Cheetah Run
This special edition looks at the many challenges and opportunities facing Africa’s agriculture – from land issues, to investments and innovations inspired by information technology, to the important role played by women in fighting hunger and malnutrition. It mixes new and updated stories that have been previously published in Africa Renewal over the past few years.
Food insecurity is a major problem affecting 868 million people globally, with 98% of undernourished people living in developing countries, including one third living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Addressing food security in Sub-Saharan Africa could not only help end hunger but also unlock economic potential for the region. Key challenges include low agricultural productivity, degraded land, high fertilizer costs, and a growing population expected to reach 2 billion by 2050 that will increase demand for food. Lessons can be learned from successes in China and Brazil to help Sub-Saharan Africa achieve sustainable agricultural growth and food security.
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing StatesFAO
The document summarizes food and nutrition security challenges in small island developing states (SIDS) and FAO's response programs. It finds that many SIDS have high levels of undernourishment, poverty, and non-communicable diseases associated with diets. Natural disasters also negatively impact their economies and food security. FAO is working with SIDS on issues of food/nutrition strategies, poverty reduction, agriculture revitalization, climate change adaptation, and disaster risk management. Its goal is to support national efforts and strengthen partnerships to improve food security in SIDS.
African Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Genetically Mo...Premier Publishers
As the debate concerning the application of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) technology in commercial agriculture intensifies in Africa, it is appropriate that empirical information about smallholder farmers’ perceptions and attitudes towards GM Crops be investigated as it has the potential of shaping farmers’ adoption decision. This study therefore sought to examine the perceptions and attitude of smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana towards GM crops. The study employed a descriptive survey with Q Methodological procedure applied in guiding data collection. Through multi-stage sampling techniques, 360 smallholder farmers across 10 districts in Northern Ghana were sampled. Descriptive statistics and Q factor analysis were employed in analysing the data gathered. Four-factor solutions were identified as the underlying constructs characterising smallholder farmers’ perceptions towards the cultivation of GM crops. Analysis of the narratives gathered from the smallholder farmers surveyed revealed wide arrays of mixed perceptions towards the cultivation of GM crops. While some farmers held positive and progressive views towards GM crops others held ‘negative, cynical, and dispassionate views towards the cultivation of GM crops. It is recommended that Ghana’s National Biosafety Authority intensify its public education activities to enlighten smallholder farmers about GM crops and Ghana’s agricultural biotechnology policy.
This study examined factors influencing adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) by small-scale farmers in Sudan's Gezira State. The study found that the most popular means of accessing agricultural information for farmers were non-ICT sources like print media, neighbors, and extension officers. Radio was the most widely used ICT, with 21.9% of farmers reporting use. Key challenges to ICT adoption included low education levels, low income, cultural influences, lack of ICT skills among researchers, and shortage of electricity and telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas. The study provides insight into how socioeconomic, cultural, technical, and infrastructure barriers impact small-scale farmers' ability to adopt and benefit from ICT for agricultural information.
El documento describe los sistemas ERP y CRM. ERP se refiere a la planificación de recursos empresariales y busca unificar la información de todos los departamentos de una empresa en una base de datos centralizada para mejorar la toma de decisiones. CRM se refiere a la gestión de relaciones con clientes y busca reunir información sobre clientes individuales para fortalecer esas relaciones y fidelizar a los clientes. Ambos sistemas comparten el uso de tecnologías de información y la integración de datos entre departamentos, pero ERP se enf
The latest FAO estimates indicate that global hunger reduction continues: about 805 million people are estimated to be chronically undernourished in 2012–14, down more than 100 million over the last decade, and 209 million lower than in 1990–92. In the same period,
the prevalence of undernourishment has fallen from 18.7 to 11.3 percent globally and from 23.4 to 13.5 percent for developing countries.
An assessment of progress in promotinh sustainable rural development in the a...Dr Lendy Spires
This document provides an assessment of progress in promoting sustainable rural development in Asia and the Pacific. It finds that while economic growth has reduced poverty, inequities are increasing as policies do not prioritize sustainable agriculture. Rural poverty persists due to lack of secure livelihoods and declining public investment in agriculture. Small farmers face challenges competing in markets. Climate change also threatens vulnerable rural communities and food systems. Integrated, participatory approaches are needed to guarantee equitable access to resources, boost sustainable production, and ensure food security for all.
The document discusses the economic situation and outlook for Africa. Key points include:
1. Economic growth in Africa is projected to rise in 2022 but faces significant downside risks from repeated COVID waves and political instability in several countries.
2. Vaccination rates across Africa remain very low, exposing the region to further outbreaks, while conflicts are intensifying in some areas like Ethiopia, the Sahel region, and Libya.
3. The recovery has been uneven, with commodity exporters benefiting from high prices but tourism-dependent economies still facing challenges returning to pre-pandemic levels of activity.
- The document discusses the role of food aid and alternatives in Southern Africa, focusing on Malawi, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. It revisits the response to the 2001-2002 food crisis in the region.
- Agriculture in the region has traditionally focused on maize production, creating a fragile system reliant on rain-fed agriculture by smallholders. National marketing boards historically played a key role in purchasing, distributing, and subsidizing maize and maize meal.
- The food crisis response was better late than never for Malawi. The regional crisis highlighted the complex challenges facing humanitarian action, including meeting emergency needs while addressing the effects of policies like market liberalization and structural adjustment.
Food Security Situation in East and Southern AfricaChrisman0126
This document summarizes the food security situation in the COMESA region based on a presentation given to the COMESA Fifth Joint Technical Committee on Agriculture, Environment and Natural Resources Meeting. It finds that around 20.9 million people in 11 COMESA countries are currently food insecure, with 7.7 million additional people at risk of food insecurity. 10 COMESA countries have serious cereal shortfalls of less than 70%. Malnutrition levels among children under five remain high, with stunting over 40% in many countries. Increased agricultural production, improved resilience, nutrition programs, and income opportunities are needed to improve food security.
This Bangladesh case study analyzes the linkages between fisheries, poverty, and economic growth. It examines the current status and trends in Bangladesh's fishery system to understand the key role fisheries has played in reducing poverty. The study uses various published and unpublished literature sources. It provides background on Bangladesh's population, poverty levels, economic growth, fisheries production and management, and policies around fisheries. The fisheries sector accounts for over 5% of GDP and involves millions of people. Improved aquaculture techniques have increased fish farming productivity. The study aims to inform DFID's efforts to increase fisheries' contributions to poverty reduction in Bangladesh.
Dr Dev Kambhampati | Feed the Future- West Africa FY 2011-2015 Multi Year Str...Dr Dev Kambhampati
This document provides a multi-year strategy for the U.S. Government's Feed the Future initiative in West Africa between 2011-2015. It outlines key challenges to food security in the region such as low agricultural productivity and fragmented markets. As a regional mission, USAID/West Africa is well positioned to address cross-border issues and support regional organizations. The strategy focuses on four core investment areas: using climate-smart agriculture, increasing access to improved inputs, boosting regional trade, and building capacity of sector actors. Nutrition, gender, and climate change are addressed as cross-cutting issues. The strategy is aligned with the regional economic community ECOWAS' agriculture policy to promote food security and reduce poverty in West Africa
On Sustainable Development Goals and Inclusion in Africa SDGsPlus
This document summarizes a presentation given by Mahmoud Mohieldin, Senior Vice President of the World Bank Group, on global trends and challenges as well as progress on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa. Some of the key points discussed include: demographic shifts and urbanization trends in Africa; challenges like fragility, climate change, and displacement; progress made on MDGs but remaining gaps; opportunities and challenges presented by the SDGs; and the World Bank's work on gender issues and measuring development beyond GDP in African countries.
ERADICATING the World's Greatest Solvable Problem _ UN _ World Food ProgrammeSimon J. Costa
The document summarizes a UN World Food Programme special operation in Uganda to reduce post-harvest food losses. The operation involved 16,600 smallholder farmers and aimed to validate recommended procedures for improving post-harvest handling and storage of grains at scale. Key outcomes included reducing crop losses by 90-100%, controlling crop contamination, improving family nutrition and incomes, promoting gender equality, and improving farmer productivity and education. The operation demonstrated that proven concepts can significantly reduce food insecurity in developing countries without requiring new scientific breakthroughs.
Envisioning the future of African agriculture and the renewed role of farmer’s organizations
Organized by the Panafrican Farmer’s Organisations (PAFO), the ACP-EU Technical Center for Agricultural and Rural Cooperation (CTA), African Union Commission (AUC)
This Briefing is linked to the Brussels Briefings organized by the CTA, EC/DGDEVCO, ACP Group and Concord every two months on key issues related to agriculture in ACP countries.
More information: http://brusselsbriefings.net
Beyond the Arab Awakening:Policies and Investments for Poverty Reduction and...IFPRIMENA
This document discusses food security challenges in Arab countries and policies to address them. It finds that while some official data showed promising economic growth, many people remained dissatisfied with their standard of living due to underestimated poverty and inequality. Agriculture growth was not always pro-poor. The document advocates for country-specific strategies like Yemen's National Food Security Strategy developed with IFPRI, which assesses food insecurity levels and outlines targeted actions. It also discusses IFPRI's work providing data and analysis to support evidence-based decision making in areas like water resources, climate impacts, and building resilience in the region.
Putting Children First: Session 2.1.A Winnie Sambu - Child poverty and hunger...The Impact Initiative
This document summarizes child poverty and hunger in South Africa. Over 18 million children live in the country, with 62% living below the upper poverty line and 13% suffering from hunger. Two-thirds of food poor children live in three provinces - KwaZulu-Natal, Eastern Cape, and Limpopo. Stunting rates remain high and dietary diversity is low, especially among low-income households. While surveys collect some nutrition data, gaps exist in regular collection of dietary intake and anthropometric measurements at local levels. Expanding social grants and providing nutritional support for mothers could help address these issues.
WEBINAR: European Commission Discussion of IFPRI’s 2021 Global Food Policy Re...Francois Stepman
13 May 2021. In the 2021 Global Food Policy Report, IFPRI researchers and experts explore the impacts of the pandemic and government policy responses to date, particularly for the poor and disadvantaged, and consider what it all means for transforming our food systems to be healthy, resilient, efficient, sustainable, and inclusive.
During this session, speakers shared evidence on the impact of COVID-19, and discuss the way forward for food systems transformation.
Video recording will be posted shortly on INTPA/Infopoint Conference
Leonard Mizzi - Head of Unit, European Union Directorate General for Planet and Prosperity, European Commission
Johan Swinnen - Director General, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
John McDermott - Director, CGIAR Research Program on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health (A4NH), IFPRI
Neha Kumar - Senior Research Fellow, International Food Policy Research Institute, IFPRI
Danielle Resnick - Senior Research Fellow, and Theme Leader, Governance, IFPRI
Resource
IFPRI (2021). 2021 Global Food Policy Report: Transforming Food Systems after COVID-19. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute. 124
Food security in focus: North America 2014 is an
Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) report
commissioned by DuPont. The report discusses the
major findings in the 2014 Global Food Security
Index (GFSI) for the three countries of North
America included in the index.
Special Edition: Africa Renewal; Agriculture is Africa’s next frontier, 2014Africa Cheetah Run
This special edition looks at the many challenges and opportunities facing Africa’s agriculture – from land issues, to investments and innovations inspired by information technology, to the important role played by women in fighting hunger and malnutrition. It mixes new and updated stories that have been previously published in Africa Renewal over the past few years.
Food insecurity is a major problem affecting 868 million people globally, with 98% of undernourished people living in developing countries, including one third living in Sub-Saharan Africa. Addressing food security in Sub-Saharan Africa could not only help end hunger but also unlock economic potential for the region. Key challenges include low agricultural productivity, degraded land, high fertilizer costs, and a growing population expected to reach 2 billion by 2050 that will increase demand for food. Lessons can be learned from successes in China and Brazil to help Sub-Saharan Africa achieve sustainable agricultural growth and food security.
Food and Nutrition Security in Small Island Developing StatesFAO
The document summarizes food and nutrition security challenges in small island developing states (SIDS) and FAO's response programs. It finds that many SIDS have high levels of undernourishment, poverty, and non-communicable diseases associated with diets. Natural disasters also negatively impact their economies and food security. FAO is working with SIDS on issues of food/nutrition strategies, poverty reduction, agriculture revitalization, climate change adaptation, and disaster risk management. Its goal is to support national efforts and strengthen partnerships to improve food security in SIDS.
African Smallholder Farmers’ Perceptions and Attitudes towards Genetically Mo...Premier Publishers
As the debate concerning the application of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs) technology in commercial agriculture intensifies in Africa, it is appropriate that empirical information about smallholder farmers’ perceptions and attitudes towards GM Crops be investigated as it has the potential of shaping farmers’ adoption decision. This study therefore sought to examine the perceptions and attitude of smallholder farmers in Northern Ghana towards GM crops. The study employed a descriptive survey with Q Methodological procedure applied in guiding data collection. Through multi-stage sampling techniques, 360 smallholder farmers across 10 districts in Northern Ghana were sampled. Descriptive statistics and Q factor analysis were employed in analysing the data gathered. Four-factor solutions were identified as the underlying constructs characterising smallholder farmers’ perceptions towards the cultivation of GM crops. Analysis of the narratives gathered from the smallholder farmers surveyed revealed wide arrays of mixed perceptions towards the cultivation of GM crops. While some farmers held positive and progressive views towards GM crops others held ‘negative, cynical, and dispassionate views towards the cultivation of GM crops. It is recommended that Ghana’s National Biosafety Authority intensify its public education activities to enlighten smallholder farmers about GM crops and Ghana’s agricultural biotechnology policy.
This study examined factors influencing adoption of information and communication technologies (ICT) by small-scale farmers in Sudan's Gezira State. The study found that the most popular means of accessing agricultural information for farmers were non-ICT sources like print media, neighbors, and extension officers. Radio was the most widely used ICT, with 21.9% of farmers reporting use. Key challenges to ICT adoption included low education levels, low income, cultural influences, lack of ICT skills among researchers, and shortage of electricity and telecommunications infrastructure in rural areas. The study provides insight into how socioeconomic, cultural, technical, and infrastructure barriers impact small-scale farmers' ability to adopt and benefit from ICT for agricultural information.
El documento describe los sistemas ERP y CRM. ERP se refiere a la planificación de recursos empresariales y busca unificar la información de todos los departamentos de una empresa en una base de datos centralizada para mejorar la toma de decisiones. CRM se refiere a la gestión de relaciones con clientes y busca reunir información sobre clientes individuales para fortalecer esas relaciones y fidelizar a los clientes. Ambos sistemas comparten el uso de tecnologías de información y la integración de datos entre departamentos, pero ERP se enf
The document discusses analyzing SAT score data from different states and the relationship between average SAT scores and amount of funding per student. It finds that states that spend more per student do not necessarily have higher average SAT scores. Dividing spending per student by average salary in each state finds proportional spending but Southern states still have higher scores despite spending less per student than Northeastern states. Possible explanations given are fewer students take the SAT in the South and money may be used more efficiently in Southern public schools.
The University of San Carlos in the Philippines upgraded their aging network infrastructure that was experiencing slow speeds, reliability issues, and regular downtime by standardizing on Avaya technology. This transformed their network performance, providing 1Gb connectivity to all users and increasing network availability from 60% to over 90%. Students and staff now enjoy a much richer experience with reliable access to high-bandwidth applications and virtual learning tools.
Franciscan Alliance Blazes New Trails in Healthcare DeliveryAvaya Inc.
Franciscan Alliance operates 13 hospitals and more than 170 medical practices across Indiana, Illinois and Michigan. Avaya Fabric Networking gave them the bandwidth they need to support future technologies and the flexibility to grow. Learn more: http://bit.ly/1ICcUww
Eco-Sun-Wind provides mobile solar power systems as an alternative to diesel generators. Their mobile solar generators produce electricity from solar panels and batteries for commercial, industrial, and emergency uses without noise, emissions or maintenance. The systems are self-contained solar-powered generators mounted on trailers that are easy to deploy and provide electricity anywhere for up to 24 hours on batteries after sunset. Eco-Sun-Wind offers systems producing 6,500 to 13,000 watts and aims to provide a more economical and environmentally friendly power solution than diesel generators over the long term.
Redemption.2010 is a suggested evangelism emphasis for churches in the Golden Triangle Baptist Association to make the gospel available to every person in Southeast Texas by Easter Sunday, April 4, 2010. The plan involves prayer, using Scripture, and sharing God's good works and words through acts of service and proclamation. It is a 14-month calendar with major elements supporting supplication, Scripture, and sharing. Partner organizations like the BGCT and SBCT will provide tools and training to help churches tailor the emphasis to their local contexts.
Twitter se está configurando como una excelente fuente, ya no sólo de información que pueda interesarte en tu sector, sino como fuente de información de noticias de actualidad. Los 140 caracteres no servirán para hacer grandes crónicas o exhaustivos análisis de actualidad, pero han demostrado que para las noticias de última hora son más que suficientes
This document discusses that there is no single definition of equality and that not all forms of equality are as they appear. It argues that perceptions of gender equality can sometimes mask underlying inequality. In just a few sentences, the document aims to prompt thinking about different aspects of gender equality.
Televisa Estacionamiento es una empresa dedicada al estacionamiento de vehículos. Ofrece servicios de parqueo en diferentes zonas de la ciudad a precios accesibles y con seguridad las 24 horas. La misión de la compañía es brindar una solución de estacionamiento confiable y de calidad.
This document provides tips and best practices for optimizing websites for search engines. It recommends including keywords in page content and titles, getting links from other relevant sites, and using metadata like description and keyword tags to help search engines understand what the page is about. Regularly updating content and monitoring incoming links is also advised to maintain good search engine rankings over time.
The document discusses overcoming fear through having a close relationship with God. It encourages enlarging one's vision, strengthening resolve, and not being afraid as God will be with believers. It suggests communicating with God daily through prayer, worship, and reading the Bible. Choosing God over the world and having faith, not fear, are keys to pleasing God and receiving his promises. Hidden sins can damage relationships with God and create fear, so confession and repentance are important.
Este documento habla sobre un tema importante pero no proporciona detalles sobre el tema. Consiste principalmente en una serie de símbolos y caracteres sin significado.
The document is a website for Miles PowerPoints, a company that provides PowerPoint templates and slide designs for business presentations. They have a variety of templates addressing different industries and topics that are available individually or in bundles and can be filtered by category. Customers can browse templates, view sample slides, read reviews from other users, and purchase credit packs or individual templates.
Viking Direct has a wide range of office furniture to help your office create a positive work ambiance. We have with us office chairs, cabinets, computer desks and workstations
BRACED Mercy Corps Uganda Gender and Resilience Case Study_Jan 2016Natalie Topa
The document discusses gender issues in the Karamoja region of Uganda and how they relate to building resilience. It notes that climate change is exacerbating vulnerabilities, with women and girls disproportionately affected. Shifting gender roles have increased women's workloads while men struggle to adapt. The BRACED Mercy Corps project aims to empower women, promote more equitable roles, and reduce inequality to strengthen resilience. Key activities include supporting women's leadership, challenging harmful norms, and developing women-oriented markets and services. Overall, the project recognizes addressing gender issues is critical to building absorptive, adaptive and transformative resilience in the community.
The document discusses several major social problems in the Philippines: poverty, inequality, crime, lack of access to healthcare, unemployment, environmental degradation, and lack of access to education. It notes that over 5.6 million Filipino families live in poverty, inequality is perpetuated across generations, crime rates have recently increased, approximately 12% of the population lacks health insurance, unemployment decreased in 2023 but remains an issue, 20% of land is degraded, and many children lack access to schooling. Addressing these complex and interrelated issues is important for improving quality of life in the Philippines.
The Golden Fields region of Essos has high rates of child undernutrition. Two districts, Ar Noy and Ny Sar, along the flooding Rhoyne river have predominantly Muslim fishing communities and particularly high rates of acute child malnutrition. The organization is applying to open a 5-year child nutrition program in these two districts. A Link NCA could help understand the causes of undernutrition in the area to better design the program. The study would assess the food, care, health and socio-economic factors influencing child nutrition through household surveys, focus groups and key informant interviews.
Profiling Food Insecurity and Rural Diets in Myanmar by Jose Luis Vivero Pol, Head of Vulnerability Analysis & Mapping Unit, WFP Myanmar.
Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
The document discusses the challenges posed by rapid population growth in developing countries. It notes that population growth has outpaced increases in food production, leading to declining per capita food availability and high levels of malnutrition. Providing education for all children is also a challenge due to the need for more schools and classrooms. Rapid population growth places significant burdens on governments to provide adequate services and infrastructure for a growing population. This hinders environmental, economic, and social development. International agreements like the ICPD and MDG aimed to address these issues through programs focused on education, healthcare, gender equality and other development goals.
Dr. Eric P. Feubi Pamen_2023 AGRODEP Annual ConferenceAKADEMIYA2063
An Application of the Alkire-Foster’s Multidimensional Poverty Index to Data from Madagascar: Taking Into Account the Dimensions of Employment and Gender Inequality.
This document provides demographic and economic data about North 'A' District in Zanzibar. It summarizes that the district has a population of over 105,000 people engaged mainly in fishing, tourism, and clove production. Nearly half of households live below the basic needs poverty line. The district has experienced a reduction in both food and basic needs poverty between 2004/05 and 2009/10, though the number of people in basic needs poverty increased. Household incomes are typically low and derived from agriculture, fishing, and small businesses. Food accounts for over 60% of household expenditures on average.
Apresentação da ministra do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome, Tereza Campello, no seminário internacional “Desenvolvimento Social: um diálogo Reino Unido – Brasil”, na London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE).
11. nonfarm income on household food security in eastern tigraiAlexander Decker
The document discusses a study that examines the effect of nonfarm income on household food security in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia. The study uses survey data from 151 households. A probit model is used to analyze factors influencing participation in nonfarm employment. The study finds that land size, age, family size, special skills, electricity access, credit access, distance to market, and irrigation access are key determinants. A Heckman selection model is then used to examine the impact of nonfarm employment on food security. The results indicate that nonfarm income enables households to spend more on basic needs like food, education, clothing, and healthcare, and thus nonfarm employment plays a significant role in maintaining household food security.
Nonfarm income on household food security in eastern tigraiAlexander Decker
This document discusses a study on the effect of nonfarm income on household food security in Eastern Tigrai, Ethiopia. It begins with an abstract that summarizes the study's objectives and methods.
The introduction provides context on Ethiopia's dependence on agriculture and food insecurity problems. It describes Eastern Tigrai zone as particularly food insecure due to environmental and agricultural challenges. The study aims to investigate if nonfarm employment can help address this issue.
The literature review discusses research showing nonfarm income contributes substantially to rural livelihoods and can reduce poverty and improve food security. However, participation is often constrained by lack of assets. The study will examine nonfarm income's role in household food security in Eastern T
Gender and Climate Change in Viet Nam.pdfTruongPhan43
The report provides an overview of the relationship between gender equality and climate change in Viet Nam through five primary areas, including (1) Access to early warning and forecast information, (2) Agriculture and Food Security, (3) Energy, (4) Waste Management, and (5) People and health. Furthermore, the report analyses related policy gaps, challenges, and opportunities for mainstreaming gender into climate change and recommends solutions for integrating gender into the National Climate Change Strategy for 2050.
Eradicating poverty and hunger remains a significant global challenge, with over 800 million people living in extreme poverty and 795 million undernourished. Progress has been uneven, with poverty decreasing significantly in countries like China and India but increasing in regions like sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, which now account for 80% of extreme poverty. Ensuring access to education, healthcare, clean water and sanitation, as well as empowering women and addressing climate change, will be keys to accelerating progress on reducing poverty and hunger worldwide.
This document discusses sustainability in food production. It addresses environmental, socio-cultural and economic aspects of sustainability. Environmentally, food must be produced without undue degradation of soil, overuse of water or unacceptable pollution. Socio-culturally, rural communities must retain traditions and cultural values while producing sufficient local food. Economically, agriculture must provide acceptable returns to farmers and supply non-farm populations.
Review of CCAFS’ contribution to poverty reduction, enhanced environmental resilience, improved food security, human health and nutrition for rural women.
1. The document presents findings from a rapid scan of evidence for the agriculture-nutrition nexus in Papua New Guinea. It analyzes social indicators related to health, education, poverty, and nutrition based on secondary data sources.
2. Key findings include high rates of infant and maternal mortality, malnutrition among children and pregnant mothers, and prevalence of communicable and non-communicable diseases. Access to health services and education is poor, especially in rural areas.
3. The study conducted case studies and reviewed policies to identify programs and lessons learned regarding the links between agriculture, food, nutrition, income, and health outcomes in Papua New Guinea. The analysis aims to inform food and nutrition security policy and practice.
Luca Russo
POLICY SEMINAR
Technical Discussion on the 2019 Global Report on Food Crises: Working together to prevent food crises
Co-Organized by IFPRI, FAO North America and Food Security Information Network (FSIN)
APR 26, 2019 - 09:30 AM TO 11:00 AM EDT
Agriculture in Niger (one of the poorest nations) is the main source of livelihood accounting for 38% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and 94% of labor force. About 62% of households live below the poverty line (less than US$1 per/day). Despite donor and government investments in R&D during the last 30 years, the aggregate impacts of agricultural research in Niger are limited, and food insecurity remains widespread. There is a need to reassess agricultural research priorities and development interventions to transform the agricultural sector.
Dynamiques des investissements dans les pays riverains de la Méditerranée - I...AFRIKASOURCES
Auteur: Martin FLEURY, Jean-Philippe PAYET (Cabinet R.M.D.A pour IPEMED)
Un nouveau paradigme se met en place en s’appuyant sur les principaux ressorts du Sud que sont la main d’œuvre qualifiée et hautement qualifiée, la présence de partenaires industriels bien installés dans leurs marchés, une base infrastructurelle solide qui continue à se moderniser, l’accès à des marchés émergents, en Méditerranée et au-delà, une jeunesse enthousiaste et des régimes politiques en transition qui sont tenus d’ériger l’économie en priorité. Dès lors, il ne s’agit plus de conserver au Nord les activités nécessitant une main d’œuvre qualifiée et de délocaliser au Sud les activités nécessitant une main d’œuvre abondante et bon marché, mais d’associer la main d’œuvre qualifiée du Sud, moins onéreuse que celle du Nord, aux activités à forte valeur ajoutée. Il ne s’agit pas non plus de remplacer les emplois qualifiés du Nord par des emplois qualifiés au Sud, mais d’intégrer des partenaires ou des segments localisés au Sud dans un projet commun de croissance sur le marché européen (500 millions de personnes) et sur le vaste marché africain émergent (2 milliards de personnes en 2050).
OIF 2014 - Qui pour succéder à Abdou DIOUF ?AFRIKASOURCES
Les 29/30 novembre 2014, lors de la Conférence de Dakar, l’actuel Secrétaire- Général de l’Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie (OIF), M. Abdou DIOUF, quittera ses fonctions après 3 mandats (soit 12 ans).
Diverses personnalités s’affrontent en coulisses pour lui succéder à ce poste prestigieux, certaines de façon officielle, d’autres encore dans l’ombre.
Is Mozambique’s 20 years of peace at risk ?AFRIKASOURCES
Political violence raises amid growing expectations for a future Gas Boom in Mozambique.
"A worst case scenario is a Nigerian-like rebellion (spilling out piracy in the Gulf of Guinea) with Mozambicans Groups attacking offshore platforms and disrupting maritime traffic in the region. But Governments of Tanzania, Mozambique and South Africa have already signed a tripartite pact to strengthen maritime security in Indian Ocean and fight piracy..."
Read Afrikasources experts analysis.
Lettre au Ministre des Affaires EtrangèresAFRIKASOURCES
Le Président du Conseil Régional de La Réunion, Didier ROBERT et le Vice Président du Conseil général Roland ROBERT ont adressé une lettre au Ministre des Affaires Etrangères de la France M. Laurent Fabius. Courrier accusateur relatif à leur marginalisation durant les Rencontres pour les 30 ans de la Commission de l'Océan Indien (COI) qui se sont déroulés les 9 et 10 janvier dernier à Mahé.
1) Kenya's new president Uhuru Kenyatta appointed a Harvard-educated finance minister and nominated the first female foreign secretary. The private sector is optimistic about economic reforms.
2) Tax authorities in Congo failed to account for $88 million in mining revenues, and London-listed mining company ENRC faces a UK corruption probe over Congo operations.
3) Ethiopia is negotiating with Brazil, Russia and India to finance new rail projects, as it works to develop infrastructure and transform its economy.
This document is a Q&A about recent revelations of US government surveillance programs. It explains that the NSA has been collecting phone record metadata on millions of Americans under the Patriot Act since 2006 and information on foreigners from major tech companies through the PRISM program since 2007. These programs were authorized by secret courts but not revealed until leaks in 2013. While the government claims the goal is counterterrorism, critics argue it amounts to unprecedented domestic spying and the public deserves more transparency about surveillance of citizens.
Mauritius - Export made clear (by Mexa)AFRIKASOURCES
« L’avenir de l’industrie d’exportation dépendra de notre efficacité dans l’identification de marchés alternatifs pour nos biens et services », écrit la Mauritius Export Association (MEXA) dans un document intitulé « Export Made Clear » et dans lequel l’association dissèque la performance du secteur pendant le premier trimestre 2013.
Les conclusions de l’étude montrent un réel dynamisme du tissu économique domien car, malgré des contraintes spécifiques et en dépit de phases de ralentissement et de rebond plus marquées qu’en France métropolitaine, les entreprises ont maintenu un niveau de performance élevé.
THE IMPORTANCE OF THE OUTERMOST REGIONS FOR STRENGTHENING EU FOREIGN AND REGI...AFRIKASOURCES
The document discusses the importance of the Outermost Regions (OMRs) for strengthening the EU's foreign and regional relations. It outlines key characteristics of the OMRs, including their remote locations, legal status within the EU, and how their strategic locations provide opportunities for relations with neighboring countries and regions. The document also examines the EU's developing strategy regarding the OMRs, how the regions can contribute internally through policies and instruments, and their potential roles in the EU's external relations with regions like the Atlantic, Caribbean, and Indian Ocean areas.
An Ecosystems Approach to Water and Food SecurityAFRIKASOURCES
Recognising healthy ecosystems as the basis for sustainable water resources and stable food security can help produce more food from each unit of agricultural land, improve resilience to climate change and provide economic benefits for poor communities, according to a new report from the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the International Water Management Institute (IWMI), in partnership with 19 other organizations.
More: http://unep.org/newscentre/Default.aspx?DocumentID=2649&ArticleID=8834&l=en
The document discusses regional cooperation and integration in Africa dating back to the colonial era. It identifies four phases of regional integration:
1) During the colonial period when some countries were governed together despite being divided.
2) Immediately after independence when African countries tried to unite, including forming the OAU.
3) In the 1990s after the collapse of the Soviet Union which ended ideological divides and saw increased globalization.
4) A current shift in political and economic power from the West to East and Latin America, seen through investments in infrastructure, manufacturing and industrial strategies within integration programs.
In Madagascar, donors have traditionally counted for almost half of the Government’s budget and have been, by far, the main source of funding in social sectors. Since the beginning of the crisis, official aid toward education, health and social protection surged, reaching almost US$260 million in 2010 against US$180 million in 2008. This increase failed nonetheless to improve significantly social indicators. Does it mean that (i) aid works but the country did not get enough of it to counterbalance the effects of the current political and economic crisis, or (ii) aid effectiveness has been limited and there is a need to improve its quality rather than its quantity?
This document provides an overview of doing business in Comoros. It begins with an executive summary that outlines key facts about Comoros, including its location in the Indian Ocean, population, climate, currency pegged to the euro, and airport hub. It then covers Comoros' political conditions and form of government, its developing but tourism-based economy, trade relationships, opportunities for foreign investment, financial system, business entities that can be formed, labor laws, taxation system, financial reporting requirements, and industry sectors. The document aims to give readers a quick introduction to investing and operating a business in Comoros.
DJIBOUTI - Articulating the Dubai modelAFRIKASOURCES
This document discusses the development partnership between Dubai and Djibouti, describing how Dubai utilized its model of economic growth and infrastructure investment to positively impact Djibouti's economy and development. It outlines key aspects of Dubai's historical growth, including infrastructure investment, access to capital, innovation, and leadership structure. It then examines the evolution of Dubai and Djibouti's partnership through various infrastructure projects in Djibouti's port, airport, and free trade zone that have boosted Djibouti's economy, employment, and regional influence. The document also analyzes challenges to maximizing the benefits of this partnership and maintaining regional stability.
Lexington Institute Study by Dr. Daniel Goure
The Rapid Equipping Force and Rapid Fielding Initiative should be programs of record to ensure that the best equipment is available should units deploy. Appropriate budgets must be set and funds made available for operational units to purchase mission specific operational equipment through rapid acquisition contractual vehicles such as the Defense Logistics Agency’s Tailored Logistics Support contract or General Services Administration contracts.
U.S. Army Special Forces Unconventional Warfare Training Manual November 2010AFRIKASOURCES
This document provides an overview of unconventional warfare (UW) concepts for U.S. Army Special Forces. It defines UW and discusses its role in U.S. national strategy. It outlines factors that determine the feasibility of UW, including physical/human environmental conditions and resistance movement characteristics. The document also describes the seven phases of UW and key elements involved, including underground forces, guerrilla forces, and auxiliary support networks.
Article in Defense ARJ on DARPA's Command Post of the Future and its successful transition to the Army. 1/1/10
Source: http://www.darpa.mil/Docs/Greene53.pdf
12062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
लालू यादव की जीवनी LALU PRASAD YADAV BIOGRAPHYVoterMood
Discover the life and times of Lalu Prasad Yadav with a comprehensive biography in Hindi. Learn about his early days, rise in politics, controversies, and contribution.
केरल उच्च न्यायालय ने 11 जून, 2024 को मंडला पूजा में भाग लेने की अनुमति मांगने वाली 10 वर्षीय लड़की की रिट याचिका को खारिज कर दिया, जिसमें सर्वोच्च न्यायालय की एक बड़ी पीठ के समक्ष इस मुद्दे की लंबित प्रकृति पर जोर दिया गया। यह आदेश न्यायमूर्ति अनिल के. नरेंद्रन और न्यायमूर्ति हरिशंकर वी. मेनन की खंडपीठ द्वारा पारित किया गया
15062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
Recent years have seen a disturbing rise in violence, discrimination, and intolerance against Christian communities in various Islamic countries. This multifaceted challenge, deeply rooted in historical, social, and political animosities, demands urgent attention. Despite the escalating persecution, substantial support from the Western world remains lacking.
#WenguiGuo#WashingtonFarm Guo Wengui Wolf son ambition exposed to open a far...rittaajmal71
Since fleeing to the United States in 2014, Guo Wengui has founded a number of projects in the United States, such as GTV Media Group, GTV private equity, farm loan project, G Club Operations Co., LTD., and Himalaya Exchange.
18062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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16062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
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Shark Tank Jargon | Operational ProfitabilityTheUnitedIndian
Don't let fancy business words confuse you! This blog is your cheat sheet to understanding the Shark Tank Jargon. We'll translate all the confusing terms like "valuation" (how much the company is worth) and "royalty" (a fee for using someone's idea). You'll be swimming with the Sharks like a pro in no time!
Slide deck with charts from our Digital News Report 2024, the most comprehensive exploration of news consumption habits around the world, based on survey data from more than 95,000 respondents across 47 countries.
Christian persecution in Islamic countries has intensified, with alarming incidents of violence, discrimination, and intolerance. This article highlights recent attacks in Nigeria, Pakistan, Egypt, Iran, and Iraq, exposing the multifaceted challenges faced by Christian communities. Despite the severity of these atrocities, the Western world's response remains muted due to political, economic, and social considerations. The urgent need for international intervention is underscored, emphasizing that without substantial support, the future of Christianity in these regions is at grave risk.
https://ecspe.org/the-rise-of-christian-persecution-in-islamic-countries/
Federal Authorities Urge Vigilance Amid Bird Flu Outbreak | The Lifesciences ...The Lifesciences Magazine
Federal authorities have advised the public to remain vigilant but calm in response to the ongoing bird flu outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza, commonly known as bird flu.
13062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Why We Chose ScyllaDB over DynamoDB for "User Watch Status"ScyllaDB
Yichen Wei and Adam Drennan share the architecture and technical requirements behind "user watch status" for a major global media streaming service, what that meant for their database, the pros and cons of the many options they considered for replacing DynamoDB, why they ultimately chose ScyllaDB, and their lessons learned so far.
ग्रेटर मुंबई के नगर आयुक्त को एक खुले पत्र में याचिका दायर कर 540 से अधिक मुंबईकरों ने सभी अवैध और अस्थिर होर्डिंग्स, साइनबोर्ड और इलेक्ट्रिक साइनेज को तत्काल हटाने और 13 मई, 2024 की शाम को घाटकोपर में अवैध होर्डिंग के गिरने की विनाशकारी घटना के बाद अपराधियों के खिलाफ सख्त कार्रवाई की मांग की है, जिसमें 17 लोगों की जान चली गई और कई निर्दोष लोग गंभीर रूप से घायल हो गए।
1. Madagascar
C E S R
center for Economic and social rights fact sheet no. 6
In light of Madagascar’s appearance before the committee on Economic, social and
cultural rights in May 2009 and the forthcoming possible mission of the UN special
rapporteur on the right to Food to Madagascar, this fact sheet looks at the realization
of the right to an adequate standard of living in Madagascar. It focuses on the rights to
food, health and water and possible policy failures in these areas, with the aim of graph-
ically illustrating background information to help assess compliance of the government
of Madagascar with the International covenant on Economic, social and cultural rights.
This factsheet highlights some of the 2003 concluding observations on Madagascar by
the committee on the rights of the child.
Food security in Madagascar is precarious. The large majority of Madagascar’s peo-
ple live in rural areas, with only 27 percent of the country’s population living in cities and
towns (EIU 2007). Most people survive as small farmers, producing for their own con-
sumption (FaO 2008). But they are vulnerable to food insecurity as a result of frequent
natural disasters, undiversified production and lack of access to basic infrastructure.
The prevalence of undernourishment in Madagascar is higher now than it was in 1992
and is much higher than the sub-saharan african average (World Bank 2008). Levels of
acute child malnutrition have risen in recent years, as have levels of income inequality,
despite an overall increase in national gdP wealth. Within the country, child malnutri-
tion is widespread, but varies by up to 10 percent across different regions.
as this factsheet illustrates, access to improved water sources and sanitation also
varies drastically by region. almost 70 percent of those in the country’s capital have
access to an improved water source, while less than a quarter of people have such
access in the province of Toamasina. The Malagasy people face low and unequal access
to safe water, sanitation and health treatment, with high child mortality rates. Yet Mad-
agascar spends the lowest proportion of its budget on health, as a percentage of its gdP,
compared to its southern african neighbors. Its tax base is also comparatively low and
its regressive tax regime could affect its ability to realize the right to an adequate stan-
dard of living for its people. This suggests possible failures of the government to give
priority to the progressive realization of economic, social and cultural rights according
to maximum available resources.
The graphics that follow compare data that derive from the 1992 household survey
and the most recent demographic household survey from 2003/2004. In the absence of
more recent data, this factsheet does not reflect the outcomes of any changes in policy
that may have been instituted since the sweeping gains won by the current president,
Mr. Marc ravalomanana of Tiako-I-Madagasikara (TIM), in national and municipal
elections in 2006 and 2007. It should also be noted that in 2007, voters approved a ref-
erendum to abolish the six autonomous provinces of Madagascar (see disaggregated
data) which will be implemented by 2009.
Visualizing
Rights
2. C E S RMadagascar fact sheet no. 6
2
Madagascar has one of the highest
levels of undernourishment
in Sub-Saharan Africa
at least 38 percent of Madagascar’s population is
undernourished, much higher than the sub-saha-
ran african average (30 percent) and also higher
than the average for low-income countries. The
prevalence of undernourishment among the Mala-
gasy people is higher now than in 1992, raising seri-
ous concerns about the priority the government
has been giving to its commitments to realize the
right to adequate food.
Over half of Malagasy children
are chronically malnourished
Over half of Madagascar’s children are stunted
for their age and over one-third are underweight
(both measures of chronic malnutrition). This is
also much higher than average rates of chronic
malnutrition amongst children in sub-saharan
africa and across low-income countries.
Disparities in the realization of the right
to food persist between Madagascar’s
provinces and between rich and poor.
about half of all children under five living in anta-
nanarivo are stunted, whereas one-third of chil-
dren in antsiranana suffer from stunting. although
there has been national progress in reducing rates
of stunting, from 54 percent in 1992 to 47 percent
in 2003/2004, the prevalence of stunted children
has markedly increased in Mahajanga province.
There are also disparities between rich and poor—
51 percent of children in the poorest 20 percent of
families are stunted, compared with 38 percent of
children from the wealthiest 20 percent (UNdP
2008).
“The Committee is concerned that the sur-
vival and development of children in the
State party continue to be threatened by
early childhood infectious diseases, diar-
rhoea and malnutrition.” (CRC Concluding
Observations 2003)
%ofpopulation,average
25
27
29
31
33
35
37
39
41
1992 1997 2004 Source: World Bank 2008
Sub-Saharan Africa
Madagascar
Low income
29.8
40
38
28.4
29.7
28.9
29.1
35
Figure 1
Undernourishment in Madagascar, Sub-Saharan Africa
and Low-Income Countries (average), 1992–2004
Figure 2
Children Under Height and Underweight for Age, Latest
Available Data
Source: World Bank 2008
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
28.9
Malnutrition prevalence,
height for age
(% of children under 5)
52.8
��.� ��.�
36.8
26.8
Malnutrition prevalence,
weight for age
(% of children under 5)
Sub-Saharan Africa
Madagascar
Low-income countries
Figure 3
Percentage of children under-5 stunted, by province,
2003–2004
Source: DHS 2003/2004
Antananarivo: 52.4 percent
Fianarantsoa: 47.8 percent
Mahajanga: 47.6 percent
Toamasina: 47.3 percent
Toliary: 40.5 percent
Antsiranana: 37.1 percent
THE RIGHT TO FOOd
3. center for Economic and social rights
3
Acute malnourishment has risen sharply
amongst Malagasy children
The rate of children under five suffering from
acute malnutrition (under weight for their height
or wasting) has risen markedly since 1992. This
rise began before the political and economic cri-
sis of 2002 and has not improved since, despite
the marked recovery in gdP per capita. The rise in
acute malnutrition raises serious concerns about
the realization of the right to adequate food of
Madagascar’s children.
Figure 5
Percentage of Children Under-5 Wasted (Underweight for
Height), Madagascar and Its Neighbors, Over Time
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Kenya Madagascar Tanzania Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe
Source: DHS Statcompiler
1992/3 1999 2000/1 2003/4 2005/6
Figure 6 South Korea May Lease Half of Madagascar’s Arable Land
Remaining arable land
after South Korean purchase (hectares)
South Korean Daewoo’s
99-year lease of arable land (hectares)
Sources: World Bank 2008, Financial Times 18/11/08
1.65 million hectares
arable land remaining
in Malagasy hands
1.3 million hectares
may be leased by
South Korea’s
Daewoo Logistics
Figure 4
Percentage of Children Under-5 Underweight for Height
and GDP, per capita, Madagascar 1992–2004
Malnutritionprevalence,wasted
(%ofchildrenunder5)
1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004GDPpercapitaPPP(constant2005int’l$)
Source: World Bank 2008, DHS 1992, DHS 2003/2004
950
900
850
800
750
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 int’l 2005)
Malnutrition prevalence in children under-5, underweight for height: wasting
The rise in acute malnutrition
suggests that Madagascar is giving
less priority to the right to food of
its children than its neighbors
acute malnutrition, as measured by wasting, is
much more severe than chronic malnutrition as it
threatens not only the right to food and the right to
health, but even the right to life of the child. acute
malnutrition increases the likelihood of dying from
measles, malaria, pneumonia and diarrhea. The
near tripling of acute malnutrition in Madagas-
car is therefore of serious concern, and stands in
marked contrast to neighboring countries.
Half of Madagascar’s arable land may be
leased to grow crops for South Korea
In a context of high levels of chronic and acute
malnutrition among Madagascar’s children, it is of
serious concern that the government of Madagas-
car has reportedly agreed to lease 1.3 million hect-
ares of land to a south Korean corporation which
will grow crops (corn and palm oil) for seoul using
workers to be brought in from south africa. as
only five percent of Madagascar’s land is classified
as arable land, this means that 44 percent of Mad-
agascar’s arable land will now be used to promote
food security in south Korea, with very little ben-
efit for Madagascar (Financial Times 18/11/08).
4. C E S RMadagascar fact sheet no. 6
4
Source: WHO 2008
Madagascar
Zambia
Mozambique
Uganda
Kenya
Tanzania
Zimbabwe
50 75 100 125 150 175 200
49.4
92.4
108
108
91
93
57
141.8
191.7
196
172
149
137
72
Number of deaths per 1,000 live births, top (on left) and bottom (on right) quintiles
Figure 8
Mortality Gap for Children Under-5 between Rich and
Poor, Madagascar and its Neighbors
Source: DHS 1992, 2003/04
Toamasina Toliary Fianarantsoa Mahajanga Antsiranana Antananarivo
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1992 2003/2004
D�������
D�������
D�������
D�������
D�������
Figure 9
Percentage Births Attended by Skilled Health
Professionals by Province
Figure 7
Under-5 Mortality Rate (per 1,000 Children), by Malagasy
Province, 2003/2004
Source: DHS 2003/04
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
79.6
102.1
116.5
128.6
133.7
140.2
Antananarivo Fianarantsoa Antsiranana Toamasina Mahajanga Toliary
The right to health and to life is
not enjoyed equally by children
in all Madagascar’s provinces
children in Toliary province are almost twice as
likely to die before age five as children in the capi-
tal province of antananarivo. This may reflect a
lack of investment in rural areas in access to health
care and other resources necessary for enjoying
the rights to health and to life.
THE RIGHT TO HEalTH “The Committee is deeply concerned at the
high infant and under-5 mortality rates
and low life expectancy in the State party.”
(CRC Concluding Observations 2003)
Children from poor families are
more likely to die before age five
than children from rich families
This graph shows Madagascar has the largest gap
in mortality rates between children from rich and
poor families compared to other southern african
countries. The poorest 20 percent of Madagascar’s
children (with a mortality rate of 142 out of 1,000
live births) are almost three times as likely to die
as children from wealthy families (who have a
mortality rate of 49 out of 1,000).
The right to health of women has
less priority now than in 1992
There has been a significant fall in the coverage of
reproductive health services, with a fall in all but
one province of the proportion of births attended
by skilled health professionals between 1992 and
2003/4.
5. center for Economic and social rights
5
Figure 10
Percentage of Children Who Showed Vaccination Card,
by Region
Source: DHS 1992, 2003/04
Mahajanga Toamasina Toliary Fianarantsoa Antsiranana Antananarivo
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1992 2003/2004
D������� D������� D������� D�������
D�������
Figure 11
Malaria Treatment and GDP per capita, Madagascar
2000–2004
GDPpercapitaPPP(constant2005int’l$)
Source: World Bank 2008
900
880
860
840
820
800
780
760
740
720
700
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 int’l 2005)
Children with fever receiving antimalarial drugs (% of children under age 5 with fever)
Childrenwithfeverreceivingantimalarialdrugs
(%ofchildrenunderage5withfever)
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: World Bank 2008
Zimbabwe
South Africa
Tanzania
Zambia
Mozambique
Kenya
Uganda
Madagascar
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0
3.6
3.6
2.9
2.7
2.7
2.1
2.0
2.0
Figure 12
Public Health Expenditure as % of GDP
2005, Madagascar and its Neighbors
The right to health of children may also be
affected by falling vaccination coverage
The proportion of children with vaccination cards in
each province has also fallen, suggesting lower rates
of vaccination coverage. This may suggest a lower
priority and levels of resources for the realization of
the right to health of Madagascar’s children.
“The Committee also remains concerned
that health services in the local areas con-
tinue to lack adequate resources (both
financial and human) and that health
coverage is declining.” (CRC Concluding
Observations 2003)
Treatment for malaria has fallen, even
when more resources may be available
Malaria accounts for 20 percent of deaths for Mal-
agasy children under five years of age (UNIcEF
2008). Nevertheless, the rate of treatment more
than halved between 2000 and 2004, continuing
to fall in the years following the economic upturn.
This raises concerns about government efforts to
realize the right to health to the maximum of avail-
able resources.
Insufficient allocation of resources for
the realization of the right to health
compared with its neighbors in southern africa,
Madagascar spends the lowest amount on the
health sector as a percentage of its gdP. This
ratio is a reflection of government commitment to
providing healthcare, demonstrating the level of
resources the Malagasy government will invest in
the realization of this right. This low ratio suggests
a weak commitment to the realization of the right
to health.
6. C E S RMadagascar fact sheet no. 6
6
Figure 13
Percentage of Population with Access to Improved Water
and Sanitation by Malagasy Province, 2003/2004
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Improved Water Access Improved Sanitation Access
� Antananarivo� Mahajanga� Toliary� Antsiranana� Fianarantsoa� Toamasina
Source: DHS 2003/2004
Figure 14
Percentage of Rural Population with Access to Improved
Water Source, Sub-Saharan Africa, 2006
Source: World Bank 2008
Mauritius
Botswana
Namibia
Sao Tome & Principe
South Africa
Comoros
Gambia, The
Lesotho
Malawi
Zimbabwe
Ghana
Burundi
Burkina Faso
Côte d’Ivoire
Senegal
Sudan
Rwanda
Uganda
Guinea
Benin
Eritrea
Mauritania
Liberia
Central Afr. Rep.
Swaziland
Kenya
Mali
Cameroon
Gabon
Guinea-Bissau
Tanzania
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Chad
Togo
Angola
����������
Congo, Rep.
Niger
Sierra Leone
Ethiopia
Nigeria
Congo, Dem. Rep.
Mozambique
Somalia
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%
36%
The right to water is not being enjoyed
equally by Malagasies across the provinces
Madagascar’s urban population living in the capi-
tal of antananarivo has much higher levels of
access to safe water and sanitation than the rest
of the country. antananarivo residents are nearly
three times as likely to have access to safe drink-
ing water as resident of Toamasina province and
more than seven times as likely to have access to
improved sanitation.
These wide disparities reflect the difference in
infrastructure and investment in the urban capital
area and the rest of the country. While urban-rural
disparities are common worldwide, these dispari-
ties raise concern about Madagascar’s efforts to
ensure equality in enjoying the basic human right
to water.
People living in rural areas of Madagascar
have access to safe water at rates well
below averages in Sub-Saharan Africa
More than 73 percent of Madagascar’s population
live in rural areas, but only 36 percent of them have
access to safe water (World Bank 2008). Mada-
gascar’s rural population has much lower access
to safe water than people living in rural areas in
other countries across sub-saharan africa. This
suggests that efforts to meet the needs of those
living in rural areas have been inadequate.
THE RIGHT TO WaTER “Concern is also expressed at …the poor
state of sanitation and the insufficient
access to safe drinking water, especially
in rural areas.” (CRC Concluding Obser-
vations 2003)
7. center for Economic and social rights
7
Figure 15
Population Living Below $1 per day (%), Sub-Saharan
Africa, Latest Available Data
Source: UNDP 2007/2008
Nigeria
Central Afr. Rep.
Zambia
����������
Niger
Rwanda
Gambia
Tanzania
Sierra Leone
Zimbabwe
Burundi
Swaziland
Ghana
Lesotho
Mozambique
Mali
Namibia
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Mauritania
Ethiopia
Kenya
Malawi
Cameroon
Senegal
Côte d’Ivoire
South Africa
0% 20% 40% 60% 80%
61%
Figure 16 Gini Index and GDP per capita, Madagascar 1993–2001
GDPpercapitaPPP(constant2005intl$)
Source: World Bank 2008
890
880
870
860
850
840
830
820
810
49
47
45
43
41
39
37
GDP per capita, PPP (constant 2005 int’l 2005) Gini Index
GiniIndex
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
Figure 17
Taxes on Income, Profits and Capital Gains (% of
Revenue), Madagascar and Its Neighbors, 2006*
Source: World Bank 2008
South Africa
Zambia
Kenya
Uganda
MADAGASCAR
* Kenya 2005
Income, profits and capital gains taxes Other taxes (including sales tax)
18.6
27.1
37.6
42.4
55.8
81.4
72.9
62.4
57.6
44.2
The majority of Malagasies
live on less than $1 a day
almost two-thirds of Malagasies live on less than
$1 a day, making it difficult for them to meet the
minimum calorie requirements and basic non-food
needs. This is one of the highest rates of poverty in
sub-saharan africa.
Increased national wealth has not
trickled down to all Malagasies
This graph shows that although national income
(in terms of gdP per capita) has risen, this has
been accompanied by rising inequality. (This is
measured in Fig. 16 by the gini Index, a measure
of inequality of wealth or income where a higher
percentage indicates greater inequality.) This sug-
gests that the benefits of growth and development
have been unevenly spread. It also and raises con-
cerns about Madagascar’s commitment to use
the maximum of available resources to ensure
progressive realization and equal enjoyment of
economic and social rights.
Tax policies reflect a weak
commitment to fulfilling the right
to an adequate standard of living
Tax policies are an essential means of generating
the resources needed to realize the equal right
of all members of the population to an adequate
standard of living. Madagascar, however, in com-
parison with its neighbors (for which data was
available) has the lowest rates of income taxes as
a percentage of its revenue and as a percentage of
its total taxes. In addition, industries in the export-
processing zones (EPZ), have been excused from
most taxation (EIU 2008). This suggests a regres-
sive system of taxation with indirect, consumption
taxes as the main income source for the govern-
ment’s budget, placing a disproportionate burden
on the poor.
POvERTy and InEqualITy
8. C E S RMadagascar fact sheet no. 6
8
References
Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC). concluding Observations: Madagascar
27/10/2003.
dHS 1992. Madagascar: standard demographic and Health survey. central Bureau of
statistics.
dHS 2003/2004. Madagascar: standard demographic and Health survey. central Bureau of
statistics.
dHS 2008. demographic and Health survey sTaTcompiler. www.statcompiler.com
Economist Intelligence unit. country Profile 2007 and Main report and country report
september 2008. www.eiu.com
FaO Country Profile. agriculture and consumer Protection department. republic of
Madagascar country Profile 2008. www.fao.org/ag/agn/nutrition/mdg_en.stm
Financial Times, november 18, 2008. “Land Leased to secure crops for south Korea”
www.ft.com/cms/s/0/98a81b9c-b59f-11dd-ab71-0000779fd18c.html
undP 2007/2008. United Nations development Programme. statistics of the Human
development report 2007/2008. www.hdr.undp.org/en/statistics
unICEF 2008. “countdown to 2015: Maternal, Newborn and child survival.” 2008 report.
www.countdown2015mnch.org/documents/2008report/2008countdown2015
fullreport.pdf
World Health Organization (WHO). WHO statistical Informational system (WHOsIs)
2008. www.who.int/whosis
World Bank 2008. World development Indicators. www.worldbank.org
about This Fact Sheet Series
This series is intended to contribute to the ongoing monitoring work of UN and other inter-
governmental human rights mechanisms to monitor governments’ compliance with their eco-
nomic, social and cultural rights obligations. It is also intended to contribute to strengthening
the monitoring and advocacy capabilities of national and international NgOs. drawing on the
latest available socioeconomic data, the country fact sheets display, analyze and interpret
selected human development indicators in the light of three key dimensions of governments’
economic and social rights obligations.
Firstly, indicators such as maternal mortality or primary completion rates are used to
assess the extent to which the population is deprived of minimum essential levels of the
right to health, education, food and other economic and social rights. secondly, data tracking
progress over time can help to assess whether a state is complying with its obligation to real-
ize rights progressively according to maximum available resources. comparisons within the
same region provide a useful benchmark of what has been achieved in countries with similar
resources. Finally, data disaggregated by gender, ethnicity, geographical location and socio-
economic status is used to identify disparities and assess progress in eliminating discrimina-
tion and unequal enjoyment of these rights.
The fact sheets are not meant to give a comprehensive picture, nor provide conclusive
evidence, of a country’s compliance with these obligations. rather, they flag some possible
concerns which arise when development statistics are analyzed and visualized graphically in
light of international human rights standards.
Board Members
Victor Abramovich, Inter-American
Commission on Human Rights
Philip Alston (Chairperson),
New York University School of Law
Linda Cassano (Treasurer),
Commonwealth Bank of Australia
Sakiko Fukuda-Parr,
The New School, New York
Richard Goldstone,
Harvard Law School
Chris Jochnick, Oxfam America
Jose Maria Maravall,
Juan March Institute, Madrid
Alicia Ely Yamin, Harvard Law School
Acting Executive Director: Ignacio Saiz
About CESR
The Center for Economic and Social
Rights (CESR) was established in 1993
with the mission to work for the recog-
nition and enforcement of economic,
social and cultural rights as a power-
ful tool for promoting social justice and
human dignity. CESR exposes violations
of economic, social and cultural rights
through an interdisciplinary combination
of legal and socio-economic analysis.
CESR advocates for changes to economic
and social policy at the international,
national and local levels so as to ensure
these comply with international human
rights standards.
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