Although in last years Spain has lost its leadership position, our country was once leader in renewable energy integration. This presentation was used in January 2018 to explain the macroeconomic impact of renewable energies in Spain to some post graduates and teachers from Texas Tech University.
Economic Assessment of Low-Emission Development Scenarios for UkraineIEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes an economic assessment of low-emission development scenarios for Ukraine conducted by researchers from ETH Zürich. It finds that:
1) Ukraine currently has high carbon and energy intensity compared to other countries, with energy production relying heavily on fossil fuels like coal.
2) Modeling analysis was conducted using TIMES-Ukraine and UGEM models to assess policy scenarios focusing on energy efficiency, renewables, and market reforms.
3) A "RE scenario" achieving 92% renewable energy by 2050 showed significant reductions in GHG emissions and energy use while maintaining negative total system costs.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of public aid to renewable energy sources on employment in Spain. Key points:
1) European policies dating back to 1997 have provided broad public support to renewable energy production, with the goal of creating "green jobs." Spain is considered a leading example of this approach.
2) The study finds that for every renewable energy job created in Spain, 2.2 jobs were destroyed elsewhere in the economy on average. Some renewable technologies destroyed even more jobs per megawatt installed.
3) Spain spent over $571,138 to create each green job, and the programs resulted in over 110,500 jobs being destroyed elsewhere. High electricity costs also drove some energy-int
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
The Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency serves as the Energy Efficiency Hub of Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) and hosts the Secretariat for the Global Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform. The Hub aims to double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030 by assisting countries with policy changes, accelerating innovation, and engaging the private sector. The Accelerator Platform is a key partnership mechanism that shares information between governments and the private sector to track progress, showcase results, and bridge the gap to energy efficiency finance in sectors like buildings, industry, and transport.
A NEW ENERGY ERA - Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Portugal by Manu...Manuel Pinho
The document discusses Portugal's transition to renewable energy and increased energy efficiency. It outlines Portugal's ambitious targets, including generating 60% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. Key aspects of Portugal's strategy included a major expansion of wind and hydro power capacity through public tenders and private investment, creating new industrial clusters. The result has been a five-fold increase in wind power and plans to increase hydro capacity by 75%, making Portugal a leader in renewable energy.
Times Spain: an analytical tool for energy policy assessment in SpainIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes the TIMES-Spain energy system model. TIMES-Spain represents the Spanish energy system from 2005-2030/2050 and has been used in several European projects and national studies. It includes over 1,786 technologies across six sectors. Scenarios analyzed with TIMES-Spain have provided insights into achieving renewable targets, the role of CCS, internalizing external costs, implications of 2030 climate targets, and impacts on the water-energy-land nexus. Upcoming work includes updating the model within the SINERGIA project to inform Spain's Energy and Climate Plan.
Economic Assessment of Low-Emission Development Scenarios for UkraineIEA-ETSAP
This document summarizes an economic assessment of low-emission development scenarios for Ukraine conducted by researchers from ETH Zürich. It finds that:
1) Ukraine currently has high carbon and energy intensity compared to other countries, with energy production relying heavily on fossil fuels like coal.
2) Modeling analysis was conducted using TIMES-Ukraine and UGEM models to assess policy scenarios focusing on energy efficiency, renewables, and market reforms.
3) A "RE scenario" achieving 92% renewable energy by 2050 showed significant reductions in GHG emissions and energy use while maintaining negative total system costs.
This document summarizes a study on the effects of public aid to renewable energy sources on employment in Spain. Key points:
1) European policies dating back to 1997 have provided broad public support to renewable energy production, with the goal of creating "green jobs." Spain is considered a leading example of this approach.
2) The study finds that for every renewable energy job created in Spain, 2.2 jobs were destroyed elsewhere in the economy on average. Some renewable technologies destroyed even more jobs per megawatt installed.
3) Spain spent over $571,138 to create each green job, and the programs resulted in over 110,500 jobs being destroyed elsewhere. High electricity costs also drove some energy-int
Alam Mondal, Alebachew Azezew Belete, Hua Xie, Dawit Mekonnen
WEBINAR
Capacity Building on Modeling the Ethiopian Energy System: Final Workshop
SEP 30, 2020 - 02:00 PM TO 04:00 PM EAT
The Copenhagen Centre on Energy Efficiency serves as the Energy Efficiency Hub of Sustainable Energy for All (SEforALL) and hosts the Secretariat for the Global Energy Efficiency Accelerator Platform. The Hub aims to double the global rate of energy efficiency improvement by 2030 by assisting countries with policy changes, accelerating innovation, and engaging the private sector. The Accelerator Platform is a key partnership mechanism that shares information between governments and the private sector to track progress, showcase results, and bridge the gap to energy efficiency finance in sectors like buildings, industry, and transport.
A NEW ENERGY ERA - Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency in Portugal by Manu...Manuel Pinho
The document discusses Portugal's transition to renewable energy and increased energy efficiency. It outlines Portugal's ambitious targets, including generating 60% of electricity from renewable sources by 2020. Key aspects of Portugal's strategy included a major expansion of wind and hydro power capacity through public tenders and private investment, creating new industrial clusters. The result has been a five-fold increase in wind power and plans to increase hydro capacity by 75%, making Portugal a leader in renewable energy.
Times Spain: an analytical tool for energy policy assessment in SpainIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes the TIMES-Spain energy system model. TIMES-Spain represents the Spanish energy system from 2005-2030/2050 and has been used in several European projects and national studies. It includes over 1,786 technologies across six sectors. Scenarios analyzed with TIMES-Spain have provided insights into achieving renewable targets, the role of CCS, internalizing external costs, implications of 2030 climate targets, and impacts on the water-energy-land nexus. Upcoming work includes updating the model within the SINERGIA project to inform Spain's Energy and Climate Plan.
Update on Australian TIMES Model DevelopmentIEA-ETSAP
The document provides an update on the development of the Australian TIMES (AUS-TIMES) energy system model by CSIRO, including an overview of CSIRO, the Australian energy landscape, the structure and capabilities of the AUS-TIMES model, and future plans to improve the model by adding additional technologies, distributed energy resources, and collaborating with other organizations. The AUS-TIMES model is used to analyze pathways for Australia's energy system out to 2050 across multiple sectors including electricity, transport, and considers high renewable energy penetration scenarios. Results from scenarios show significant increases in renewable energy and electricity supplied from renewable sources as
Germany has ambitious long-term energy goals to transition to renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This includes increasing renewable electricity to 80% and cutting energy consumption in half by improving efficiency. A phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 was accelerated after Fukushima. Public support for renewable energy is high due to environmental and safety concerns about nuclear power. The transition faces challenges including managing fluctuations in renewable energy, rising costs, and ensuring grid stability. Reforms are underway to reduce subsidies and encourage more direct marketing of renewable energy while still expanding clean energy.
This document summarizes the results of a study applying a methodology called "model archaeology" to analyze the development of the UK MARKAL energy system model over multiple versions from 2002 to 2012. Model archaeology examines changes to a model's inputs (e.g. technology parameters) and outputs (e.g. energy consumption) between versions. The study found the UK MARKAL model evolved through four stages - initial development, experimentation and incremental improvement, reflection, and maturity and reimagining. Input and output metrics were analyzed to understand how changes to technologies, constraints, and parameters influenced outputs over time as the model balanced complexity and accuracy.
One of the opportunity costs of civilization is
increase in the amount of consumption of energy per
capita per year. Many alternative sources of energy
are still being researched and tested but technologies
are continually being developed and enhanced to
improve energy sources
This document provides a summary of a study on the effects of public aid to renewable energy sources on employment in Spain. The study examines Spain's experience with renewable energy subsidies between 2000-2008. Key findings include:
1) For every renewable energy job created by subsidies, Spain experienced a loss of at least 2.2 other jobs on average, or about 9 jobs lost for every 4 created.
2) Renewable energy subsidies hindered Spain's recovery from its economic crisis by diverting funds away from other sectors of the economy.
3) If the US adopted a similar renewable energy subsidy program aiming to create 3-5 million "green jobs", it could expect to lose between 6.6-11 million
Energy efficiency and renewable energy modelling with ETSAP TIAM - challenges...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses challenges, solutions, and opportunities for improving energy modeling with ETSAP-TIAM. Some key issues addressed include model errors, negative production values, outdated socioeconomic data, and counterintuitive results. Proposed solutions involve updating the model and data through version control, constraints, disaggregating traditional biomass, and revisiting assumptions. Overall the model requires ongoing maintenance to remain relevant for addressing important scientific questions around sustainable energy development.
The document discusses Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and the country's transition to green energy, known as the "Energiewende." It provides the following key points:
- The EEG established feed-in tariffs for renewable energy sources for 20 years, helping grow renewable electricity generation in Germany from 17% in 2000 to 32% in 2015.
- Biogas production increased significantly under the EEG but new regulations in 2016 ended guaranteed tariffs, shifting support to a tendering model. This threatens the future of existing biogas infrastructure without new revenue streams.
- Germany aims to obtain 80-95% of its electricity from renewables by 2050, requiring continued innovation in green technologies
What would we do in a world without energy? Of course this is a rhetorical question, but it’s one that’s been with human beings forever. Every great step forward in the world has been propelled by energy. Almost a million years ago Man harnessed fire and realized that this “magic” gave him the independence to prosper. Energy is just that: progress, evolution.
This document summarizes a report on renewable energy prospects in Mexico. It outlines how Mexico can achieve a transition to renewable energy by 2030 through concerted actions. Specifically:
- Mexico has excellent renewable resource potential and is committed to transitioning to sustainable energy. It recently reformed its energy sector and enacted renewable energy laws to promote renewables.
- The report models pathways for Mexico to double its renewable energy share by 2030 through taking advantage of its renewable resources and building on recent progress. This would result in a cleaner and more secure energy system.
- International cooperation will be important for Latin America to double its renewable energy share by 2030. Mexico is well-positioned to lead the region in this
1. Global energy trends show increasing electrification and a growing demand for clean and efficient energy solutions. Electricity demand has grown faster than overall energy use.
2. Energy efficiency technologies can significantly improve efficiency across the entire energy value chain, from production and generation to transmission and final end-use. Implementing best available technologies could double efficiency in some sectors.
3. Barriers beyond technical potential must be addressed, including economic factors, skills gaps, and investment incentives, to fully realize efficiency gains from existing technologies. A holistic approach is needed to maximize efficiency opportunities.
:: CAPITAL RENOVABLE :: "Smart Energy Solutions"
--- 2014 Brochure -_________________________________________________
Capital Renovable is a company dedicated to the
development, construction and operation of projects for
generation and sale of electricity based on nonconventional
renewable energy (NCRE).
This week’s UN warning of climate chaos: is the total world rewrite they say ...Jeremy Leggett
The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has issued a landmark report warning that global warming must be kept to 1.5˚C. This would entail a zero carbon world by 2050.....
Key Figures of Energy Transition and predicting the future: comparing scenari...Mart Vos
Predicting the future energy mix and identifying trendsetters in this field has become an increasingly interesting topic. At the end of the day, who understands the energy mix, can predict the future. However, future scenarios differ a lot and predictions have been more wrong than ever. Who will be right and why?
Update on Australian TIMES Model DevelopmentIEA-ETSAP
The document provides an update on the development of the Australian TIMES (AUS-TIMES) energy system model by CSIRO, including an overview of CSIRO, the Australian energy landscape, the structure and capabilities of the AUS-TIMES model, and future plans to improve the model by adding additional technologies, distributed energy resources, and collaborating with other organizations. The AUS-TIMES model is used to analyze pathways for Australia's energy system out to 2050 across multiple sectors including electricity, transport, and considers high renewable energy penetration scenarios. Results from scenarios show significant increases in renewable energy and electricity supplied from renewable sources as
Germany has ambitious long-term energy goals to transition to renewable energy and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. This includes increasing renewable electricity to 80% and cutting energy consumption in half by improving efficiency. A phase-out of nuclear power by 2022 was accelerated after Fukushima. Public support for renewable energy is high due to environmental and safety concerns about nuclear power. The transition faces challenges including managing fluctuations in renewable energy, rising costs, and ensuring grid stability. Reforms are underway to reduce subsidies and encourage more direct marketing of renewable energy while still expanding clean energy.
This document summarizes the results of a study applying a methodology called "model archaeology" to analyze the development of the UK MARKAL energy system model over multiple versions from 2002 to 2012. Model archaeology examines changes to a model's inputs (e.g. technology parameters) and outputs (e.g. energy consumption) between versions. The study found the UK MARKAL model evolved through four stages - initial development, experimentation and incremental improvement, reflection, and maturity and reimagining. Input and output metrics were analyzed to understand how changes to technologies, constraints, and parameters influenced outputs over time as the model balanced complexity and accuracy.
One of the opportunity costs of civilization is
increase in the amount of consumption of energy per
capita per year. Many alternative sources of energy
are still being researched and tested but technologies
are continually being developed and enhanced to
improve energy sources
This document provides a summary of a study on the effects of public aid to renewable energy sources on employment in Spain. The study examines Spain's experience with renewable energy subsidies between 2000-2008. Key findings include:
1) For every renewable energy job created by subsidies, Spain experienced a loss of at least 2.2 other jobs on average, or about 9 jobs lost for every 4 created.
2) Renewable energy subsidies hindered Spain's recovery from its economic crisis by diverting funds away from other sectors of the economy.
3) If the US adopted a similar renewable energy subsidy program aiming to create 3-5 million "green jobs", it could expect to lose between 6.6-11 million
Energy efficiency and renewable energy modelling with ETSAP TIAM - challenges...IEA-ETSAP
The document discusses challenges, solutions, and opportunities for improving energy modeling with ETSAP-TIAM. Some key issues addressed include model errors, negative production values, outdated socioeconomic data, and counterintuitive results. Proposed solutions involve updating the model and data through version control, constraints, disaggregating traditional biomass, and revisiting assumptions. Overall the model requires ongoing maintenance to remain relevant for addressing important scientific questions around sustainable energy development.
The document discusses Germany's Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) and the country's transition to green energy, known as the "Energiewende." It provides the following key points:
- The EEG established feed-in tariffs for renewable energy sources for 20 years, helping grow renewable electricity generation in Germany from 17% in 2000 to 32% in 2015.
- Biogas production increased significantly under the EEG but new regulations in 2016 ended guaranteed tariffs, shifting support to a tendering model. This threatens the future of existing biogas infrastructure without new revenue streams.
- Germany aims to obtain 80-95% of its electricity from renewables by 2050, requiring continued innovation in green technologies
What would we do in a world without energy? Of course this is a rhetorical question, but it’s one that’s been with human beings forever. Every great step forward in the world has been propelled by energy. Almost a million years ago Man harnessed fire and realized that this “magic” gave him the independence to prosper. Energy is just that: progress, evolution.
This document summarizes a report on renewable energy prospects in Mexico. It outlines how Mexico can achieve a transition to renewable energy by 2030 through concerted actions. Specifically:
- Mexico has excellent renewable resource potential and is committed to transitioning to sustainable energy. It recently reformed its energy sector and enacted renewable energy laws to promote renewables.
- The report models pathways for Mexico to double its renewable energy share by 2030 through taking advantage of its renewable resources and building on recent progress. This would result in a cleaner and more secure energy system.
- International cooperation will be important for Latin America to double its renewable energy share by 2030. Mexico is well-positioned to lead the region in this
1. Global energy trends show increasing electrification and a growing demand for clean and efficient energy solutions. Electricity demand has grown faster than overall energy use.
2. Energy efficiency technologies can significantly improve efficiency across the entire energy value chain, from production and generation to transmission and final end-use. Implementing best available technologies could double efficiency in some sectors.
3. Barriers beyond technical potential must be addressed, including economic factors, skills gaps, and investment incentives, to fully realize efficiency gains from existing technologies. A holistic approach is needed to maximize efficiency opportunities.
:: CAPITAL RENOVABLE :: "Smart Energy Solutions"
--- 2014 Brochure -_________________________________________________
Capital Renovable is a company dedicated to the
development, construction and operation of projects for
generation and sale of electricity based on nonconventional
renewable energy (NCRE).
This week’s UN warning of climate chaos: is the total world rewrite they say ...Jeremy Leggett
The UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has issued a landmark report warning that global warming must be kept to 1.5˚C. This would entail a zero carbon world by 2050.....
Key Figures of Energy Transition and predicting the future: comparing scenari...Mart Vos
Predicting the future energy mix and identifying trendsetters in this field has become an increasingly interesting topic. At the end of the day, who understands the energy mix, can predict the future. However, future scenarios differ a lot and predictions have been more wrong than ever. Who will be right and why?
Overview of Bioenergy Scenarios in TIMES modellingIEA-ETSAP
The document summarizes scenarios for bioenergy use in energy system models developed by IEA ETSAP. It provides an overview of the IEA ETP modeling framework and how bioenergy technologies are represented. It then gives two examples of bioenergy scenarios: 1) the IEA ETP scenarios which estimate a need for 145 EJ of sustainable bioenergy by 2060 for a 2 degree pathway, focusing on transport, and negative emissions technologies for below 2 degrees. 2) A study of Ireland's energy system which found implementing land use change emissions significantly impacted the role of bioenergy due to increased costs.
Investigations into the lifetime of gas meter batteries in the NetherlandsMachiel Joosse
At 2020 there will be about seven million smart gas meters installed in the Netherlands, using batteries that are supposed to last for about 20 years. The long lifetime of the batteries is crucial, because an operation to replace them would be on a large scale and therefore expensive. Distribution System Operators (DSO’s) have to be able to rely on a lengthy lifetime. The Dutch DSO’s Netherlands (within Netbeheer Nederland), joined forces to carry out a unique study of the predicted and actual battery lifetime. In this study, batteries were examined from gas meters that had already been operating for 4-5 years. The results were promising: after 4-5 years: the actual (practical) lifetime of the batteries examined turned out to be in line with the predicted (theoretical) values.
This document analyzes the impact of energy imports on economic growth among OECD countries. It begins with an introduction describing Spain's limited domestic energy resources and dependence on energy imports. It then reviews literature linking energy consumption and economic growth. The author aims to examine whether easier access to energy led to faster growth, and compare Spain's situation to other OECD members. Data is obtained from UN and Maddison Project databases. Empirical analysis uses a panel model to test the relationship between net energy imports coverage and GDP growth.
Investment on the global energy transition: a report from the front lines as ...Jeremy Leggett
A global energy transition is underway: a system change driven by exponential growth in clean-energy technologies. But there is an investment gap. Much will depend on closing it. What will happen next?
This presentation was the keynote for Business Green's 2019 Tech and Investment Forum.
The document discusses the EU's climate policies and their effects. It argues that the EU's cap-and-trade scheme and subsidies for renewable energy have not achieved their goals of reducing emissions or warming at low cost, and have instead increased costs, reduced competitiveness, and created unsustainable jobs. Expensive energy policies hamper economic growth and make it difficult for countries like Spain to reduce their large trade and energy deficits in the current economic crisis.
English language version of the presentation given by Jonathan Jutsen, Chairman of the Australian Alliance for Energy Productivity in San Luis Argentina in December 2016
The World Energy Trilemma Index 2020 ranks countries on their ability to provide energy security, energy equity, and environmental sustainability. The top performing countries tend to be European OECD nations that have long implemented active energy policies. Switzerland, Sweden, and Denmark ranked as the top three. The Index also highlights countries that have most improved their energy systems since 2000, such as Cambodia, Myanmar, and Kenya by increasing access and diversifying their energy mixes. While COVID-19 impacted 2020, the Index reflects historical energy policy performance. The pandemic increased focus on digitalization and depressed demand in the short term, but long term implications remain unclear. The report provides insights on country rankings and policies across each dimension to help countries determine areas for energy policy
Global Status of Renewable Energy: Ren21’s Renewables 2015 Global Status ReportFrancois Stepman
17 September 2015. Brussels. InfoPoint Lunch-Time Conference – Global Status of Renewable Energy: Ren21’s Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
The REN21 Renewables Global Status Report (GSR) provides an annual look at the tremendous advances in renewable energy markets, policy frameworks and industries globally.
Each report uses formal and informal data to provide the most up-to-date information available. Reliable, timely and regularly updated data on renewables energy are essential as they are used for establishing baselines for decision makers; for demonstrating the increasing role that renewables play in the energy sector; and illustrating that the renewable energy transition is a reality.
This year’s GSR marks 10 years of REN21 reporting. Over the past decade the GSR has expanded in scope and depth with its thematic and regional coverage and the refinement of data collection.
The GSR is the product of systematic data collection resulting in thousands of data points, the use of hundreds of documents, and personal communication with experts from around the world. It benefits from a multi-stakeholder community of over 500 experts. Country information for 133 countries were received and used as basis for GSR2015 preparation.
The country data received is featured in the newly launched REN21 Renewables Interactive Map (www.ren21.net/map).
Solar power global market-outlook-2018-2022Luiz Cruz
This document provides an overview and outlook of the global solar power market from 2018-2022. Some key points:
- In 2017, global solar capacity additions nearly doubled wind additions, with solar installing almost 3 times as much capacity as gas and coal, and 9 times as much as nuclear.
- Solar costs and prices continued to decline significantly in 2017, with a world record low solar power price of 2.34 US cents/kWh in Saudi Arabia.
- China dominated solar growth in 2017, installing over half (53.3%) of the world's new solar capacity. However, solar is attracting many other countries due to its low costs.
- The report forecasts continued strong growth in the
The Global Survey of the Electrical Energy Distribution System: A ReviewIJECEIAES
This paper gives a review of energy scenario in India and other countries. Today’s demand of the world is to minimize greenhouse gas emissions, during the production of electricity. Henceforth over the world, the production of electrical power is changing by introducing abundantly available renewable energy sources like sun and wind. But, because of the intermittent nature of sustainable power sources, the electrical power network faces many problems, during the transmission and distribution of electricity. For resolving these issues, Electrical Energy Storage (EES) is acknowledged as supporting technology. This paper discusses about the world electrical energy scenario with top renowned developed countries in power generation and consumption. Contribution of traditional power sources changed after the introduction of renewable energy sources like sun and wind. Worldwide Agencies are formed like International Energy Agency (IEA), The Central Intelligence Agency, (CIS) etc. The main aim of these agencies is to provide reliable, affordable and clean energy. This paper will discuss about the regulatory authority and government policies/incentives taken by different countries. At the end of this paper, author focuses on obstacles in implementation, development and benefits of renewable energy.
Similar to Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain - Javier Alberto Munoz Gonzalez (20)
Budgeting as a Control Tool in Government Accounting in Nigeria
Being a Paper Presented at the Nigerian Maritime Administration and Safety Agency (NIMASA) Budget Office Staff at Sojourner Hotel, GRA, Ikeja Lagos on Saturday 8th June, 2024.
Navigating Your Financial Future: Comprehensive Planning with Mike Baumannmikebaumannfinancial
Learn how financial planner Mike Baumann helps individuals and families articulate their financial aspirations and develop tailored plans. This presentation delves into budgeting, investment strategies, retirement planning, tax optimization, and the importance of ongoing plan adjustments.
Calculation of compliance cost: Veterinary and sanitary control of aquatic bi...Alexander Belyaev
Calculation of compliance cost in the fishing industry of Russia after extended SCM model (Veterinary and sanitary control of aquatic biological resources (ABR) - Preparation of documents, passing expertise)
Explore the world of investments with an in-depth comparison of the stock market and real estate. Understand their fundamentals, risks, returns, and diversification strategies to make informed financial decisions that align with your goals.
In World Expo 2010 Shanghai – the most visited Expo in the World History
https://www.britannica.com/event/Expo-Shanghai-2010
China’s official organizer of the Expo, CCPIT (China Council for the Promotion of International Trade https://en.ccpit.org/) has chosen Dr. Alyce Su as the Cover Person with Cover Story, in the Expo’s official magazine distributed throughout the Expo, showcasing China’s New Generation of Leaders to the World.
A toxic combination of 15 years of low growth, and four decades of high inequality, has left Britain poorer and falling behind its peers. Productivity growth is weak and public investment is low, while wages today are no higher than they were before the financial crisis. Britain needs a new economic strategy to lift itself out of stagnation.
Scotland is in many ways a microcosm of this challenge. It has become a hub for creative industries, is home to several world-class universities and a thriving community of businesses – strengths that need to be harness and leveraged. But it also has high levels of deprivation, with homelessness reaching a record high and nearly half a million people living in very deep poverty last year. Scotland won’t be truly thriving unless it finds ways to ensure that all its inhabitants benefit from growth and investment. This is the central challenge facing policy makers both in Holyrood and Westminster.
What should a new national economic strategy for Scotland include? What would the pursuit of stronger economic growth mean for local, national and UK-wide policy makers? How will economic change affect the jobs we do, the places we live and the businesses we work for? And what are the prospects for cities like Glasgow, and nations like Scotland, in rising to these challenges?
Madhya Pradesh, the "Heart of India," boasts a rich tapestry of culture and heritage, from ancient dynasties to modern developments. Explore its land records, historical landmarks, and vibrant traditions. From agricultural expanses to urban growth, Madhya Pradesh offers a unique blend of the ancient and modern.
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Delhi, the heartbeat of India, offers a rich blend of history, culture, and modernity. From iconic landmarks like the Red Fort to bustling commercial hubs and vibrant culinary scenes, Delhi's real estate landscape is dynamic and diverse. Discover the essence of India's capital, where tradition meets innovation.
Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain - Javier Alberto Munoz Gonzalez
1. Macroeconomic Impact of
Renewable Energies
in Spain
Javier Alberto Muñoz González
Communications Director, APPA Renovables
Madrid, January 9, 2018
2. Texas Tech University – January 20182
INDEX
1. What is APPA?
2. Global Energy Context
3. Spanish Energy Context
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
6. Conclusions
3. Texas Tech University – January 20183
1 – What is APPA?
APPA: 30 years working for renewables
The Association of Companies of Renewable Energies (APPA) groups companies and
entities whose purpose is the use of renewable energy sources in all its forms.
Established in 1987, APPA is the leading association of the renewable energy sector in
Spain.
Sections:
APPA collaborates with public and private entities:
Comisión Nacional de los Mercados y la Competencia (CNMC).
CIEMAT (Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas).
Comité de Agentes del Mercado de la Electricidad (OMIE).
Miembro de Comités de AENOR, ENAC, etc.
Otras entidades públicas (agencias autonómicas de la energía, centros tecnológicos, etc.).
Geothermal (High Enthalpy)
Geothermal (Low Enthalpy)
Sea Energy
Biofuels
Biomass
Wind Power
Small Wind
Mini Hydro
Solar PV
4. Texas Tech University – January 20184
Presence in Europe:
Integrated in:
• AEBIOM European Biomass Association.
• EBB European Biodiesel Board.
• EGEC European Geothermal Energy Council.
• EREF European Renewable Energies Federation.
• EUFORES European Forum for Renewable.
• EU-OEA European Ocean Energy Association.
• WindEurope European Wind Energy Association.
• GIA Geothermal Implementing Agreement.
• SPE Solar Power Europe.
Also, representation activities before European
institutions and European Parliament.
1 – What is APPA?
APPA: 30 years working for renewables
5. Texas Tech University – January 20185
Legal and technical advice to associates.
Development of reports and organization of technical work groups.
Provides specific information to associates:
Internal communication:
• Daily news clipping.
• Internal bulletin: legal provisions, ministerial meetings, conferences…
• Sectoral information flashes: immediate information on regulatory and administrative
changes, alerts, etc.
External communication:
• Collaboration and participation in seminars and conferences in the energy sector.
• Web (www.appa.es), Facebook (APPA.Renovables) y Twitter (@APPA_Renovables).
1 – What is APPA?
APPA: 30 years working for renewables
6. Texas Tech University – January 20186
1 – What is APPA?
APPA: 30 years working for renewables
8. Texas Tech University – January 20188
2. Global Energy Context
Energy Consumption
Consumption of energy in the world grows in an unsustainable way.
We must act on this energy demand, since it is fundamentally covered with fossil
resources wich, among other aspects, are finite and produce harmful effects on
the environment
Only in 2006-2030, world energy demand will grow 45%
9. Texas Tech University – January 20189
Due to the consumption of fossil fuels, emissions of greenhouse gases are growing
exponentially, causing adverse effects on the environment.
In recent decades, carbon emissions into the atmosphere are uncontrolled
2. Global Energy Context
Energy Consumption
10. Texas Tech University – January 201810
Only 19% of the energy we consume globally comes from renewable sources, of
which about half comes from the use of traditional biomass.
It is urgent that we act on the uses we make of energy,
the current system is unsustainable
2. Global Energy Context
Worldwide renewable energy
11. Texas Tech University – January 201811
In the same way, 23% of the electricity consumed globally comes from renewable
sources, of which about 75% comes from the use of hydroelectric power plants.
Only 7.3% of the electricity consumed worldwide comes from
"modern" renewable technologies.
2. Global Energy Context
Worldwide renewable electricity
12. Texas Tech University – January 201812
This unsustainability of the world's energy system is mainly due to the following
factors:
• It is based on the consumption of fossil fuels.
• It is about finite resources that tend to disappear.
• These fuels produce adverse effects on the climate.
• Our energy dependence increases, mainly from politically unstable countries,
which translates into a vulnerability of our economies.
• It fosters energy poverty (more than 1.5 billion people do not have access to
electricity).
• The more we use fossil fuels, the greater the economic cost of their use.
Renewable energies are the only option to fight against these effects, they are
respectful with the environment and reduce our energy dependence
2. Global Energy Context
Unsustainable energy system
13. Texas Tech University – January 201813
Installed / dismantled power in European Union
Fuente: WindEurope año 2015
In 2015, 77% of the installed capacity has been renewable technologies,
while more than 17 GW of traditional technologies have been dismantled
2. Global Energy Context
Electricity power in European Union
14. Texas Tech University – January 201814
Electric power installed in the EU
During the last years the percentage of new renewable power in the EU has grown.
Fuente: WindEurope año 2014
2. Global Energy Context
Annual installed power in EU
15. Texas Tech University – January 201815
2016 2020 2030 2050 2100
20%
20%
20%
40%
27%
27%
80 - 95%
2ºC
European directives have been key to the development of the
renewable sector in Spain and will be for the future
2. Global Energy Context
Weather EU Goals
16. Texas Tech University – January 201816
Beyond 2020: Roadmap 2050 => Goal: Europe decarbonization
Our country is in a privileged position to reach
the objectives that EU is proposing for 2050.
Decarbonization is technically and
economically viable.
Energy efficiency and renewable
energies are crucial.
An early investment scenario will be
more economical by reducing our exposure
to higher prices.
We need economies of scale.
EU works on the goal of reducing emissions by more than 80% by 2050, energy
production in Europe will not have to emit virtually carbon. Main conclusions:
2. Global Energy Context
European Directives
17. Texas Tech University – January 201817
Countries with renewable policies and objectives in 2005:
Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
In 2005, South America, Africa and Eastern Eurpe, hardly had renewable policies
2. Global Energy Context
Renewable policies and objectives in the world
18. Texas Tech University – January 201818
Countries with renewable policies and objectives in 2015:
Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
At the beginning of 2015, a total of 164 countries had
defined renewable objectives Why this change?
2. Global Energy Context
Renewable policies and objectives in the world
19. Texas Tech University – January 201819Fuente: Banco de Inversión Lazard Noviembre 2015
In the last 7 years, wind and photovoltaic solar technologies have reduced
66% and 85% costs respectively (updated 2016).
- 61% - 82%
2. Global Energy Context
Competitivity and cost reduction
20. Texas Tech University – January 201820Fuente: Banco de Inversión Lazard Noviembre 2015
2. Global Energy Context
Development and cost reduction: the chicken or the egg?
21. Texas Tech University – January 201821
The levelized costs of renewable energies are competitive with traditional technologies,
even in some cases lower. Is the cost reduction sufficient?
Fuente: Banco de Inversión Lazard Noviembre 2015
2. Global Energy Context
Competitivity and cost reduction
22. Texas Tech University – January 201822
Spain is ranked 25th in the world ranking while
that in the year 2007 it occupied the first place.
How do you get to be an attractive country?
Fuente: RECAI Issue 45 – September 2015
2. Global Energy Context
Renewable Energy Country Attractiveness Index (RECAI)
23. Texas Tech University – January 201823
The attractiveness for investments depends on the regulatory framework
2. Global Energy Context
Investment Attractiveness – Spanish case
24. Texas Tech University – January 201824Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2016 Global Status Report
In 2015 less developed countries invested more in renewables than rich ones
2. Global Energy Context
Global renewable investment 2004-2015
25. Texas Tech University – January 201825Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
138.5 GW of new renewable power:
+ 9% over 2015
-23% investment -> Cost reduction
2. Global Energy Context
2016 Figures
26. Texas Tech University – January 201826Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
2. Global Energy Context
2016 Figures - Renewables
27. Texas Tech University – January 201827Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
2. Global Energy Context
2016 Figures - Renewables
Previsión IRENA: 24 M empleos en 2030 (+145%) 14,2 en 13 años (1,1 M/año)
28. Texas Tech University – January 201828Fuente: REN21 – Renewables 2015 Global Status Report
2. Global Energy Context
2016 Figures - Renewables
30. Texas Tech University – January 201830Fuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016
3. Spanish Energy Context
Primary Energy Consumption 2015 - Worldwide
31. Texas Tech University – January 201831Fuente: BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2016
3. Spanish Energy Context
Primary Energy Consumption 2015 - EU
32. Texas Tech University – January 201832Fuente: MINETUR
3. Spanish Energy Context
Primary Energy Consumption 2015 - Spain
33. Texas Tech University – January 201833Fuente: MINETUR
3. Spanish Energy Context
Primary Energy Consumption 2008-2015 - Spain
34. Texas Tech University – January 201834Fuente: IDAE y MINETUR
Producción eléctrica total: 280.481 GWh (+1%)
Producción renovable: 96.958 GWh (-11,8%)
Contribución renovable: 34,6% (39,6% en 2014)
3. Spanish Energy Context
Electrical Generation 2015 - Spain
35. Texas Tech University – January 201835Fuente: REE, CNMC y elaboración propia
3. Spanish Energy Context
Electrical Power 2015 - Spain
36. Texas Tech University – January 201836
CONSUMO Final energy: 85.874 ktep (+1,5%)
Renewable contribution: 15,9% (14,7% en 2015)
Fuente: MINETAD, REE y elaboración APPA
3. Spanish Energy Context
Final energy 2016 - Spain
37. Texas Tech University – January 201837
CONSUMO Primary energy: 123.484 ktep (+0,2%)
Renewable contribution: 14,0% (13,9% en 2015)
Fuente: MINETAD, REE y elaboración APPA
3. Spanish Energy Context
Primary energy 2016 - Spain
38. Texas Tech University – January 201838
PRODUCCIÓN Electricity generation: 274.629 GWh (-2,27%)
Renewable contribution: 38,1% (34,6% en 2015)
Fuente: MINETAD, REE y elaboración APPA
3. Spanish Energy Context
Electricity generation 2016 - Spain
39. Texas Tech University – January 201839Fuente: Red Eléctrica de España
3. Spanish Energy Context
Spanish Electricity Mix - 2017
40. Texas Tech University – January 201840Fuente: Eurostat y MINETUR
Energy dependence of Spain stands at 72.8% (without counting the nuclear),
well above the European Union average (53.4%).
72,8%
53,4%
3. Spanish Energy Context
Energy dependence Spain vs EU
41. Texas Tech University – January 201841
High dependence on imports has very negative effects
on our economy and our energy security.
3. Spanish Energy Context
Degree of self-supply
42. Texas Tech University – January 201842
The renewable net export balance contributes in a highly positive way to leveling the trade
balance of our country, clearly deficit, and that in 2016 had an import balance of 18,753
million euros burdened by the high Spanish energy dependence.
3. Spanish Energy Context
Trade balance and Energy
43. Texas Tech University – January 201843Fuente: CNMC y REE
3. Spanish Energy Context
Installed Power Capacity in Spain
44. Texas Tech University – January 201844Fuente: CNMC, IDAE y REE
POWER
Aggregate: 23.015 MW
2015 Increase: 0 MW
GENERATION %
Primary energy: 3,43%
Electrical demand: 19,1%
3. Spanish Energy Context
Wind Power
45. Texas Tech University – January 201845Fuente: CNMC, IDAE y REE
POWER
Aggregate: 17.378 MW
2015 Increase: 5 MW
GENERATION %
Primary energy: 1,93%
Electrical demand: 11,1%
3. Spanish Energy Context
Hydro
46. Texas Tech University – January 201846Fuente: CNMC, IDAE y REE
POWER
Aggregate: 4.673 MW
2015 Increase: 19 MW
GENERATION %
Primary energy: 0,57%
Electrical demand: 3,1%
3. Spanish Energy Context
Solar PV
47. Texas Tech University – January 201847
What happened in 2008?
Do you want a Coke?
3. Spanish Energy Context
Solar PV
48. Texas Tech University – January 201848Fuente: CNMC, IDAE y REE
POWER
Aggregate: 2.300 MW
2015 Increase: 0 MW
GENERATION %
Primary energy: 1,80%
Electrical demand: 2,1%
3. Spanish Energy Context
CSP
49. Texas Tech University – January 201849
POWER
Aggregate: 1.036 MW
2015 Increase: 1 MW
GENERATION %
Primary energy: 1,2%
Electrical demand: 2,0%
POWER acumulada
3. Spanish Energy Context
Biomass, Biogas & Waste (electric uses)
50. Texas Tech University – January 201850
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
51. Texas Tech University – January 201851
Gross Domestic Product (GPD)
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
52. Texas Tech University – January 201852Fuente: APPA
Gross Domestic Product (GPD)
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
53. Texas Tech University – January 201853
Employment
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
54. Texas Tech University – January 201854
Balance of Trade
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
55. Texas Tech University – January 201855
Taxes vs Subsidies
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
56. Texas Tech University – January 201856
R&D / GPD
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
57. Texas Tech University – January 201857
Technology diversity
Biofuels
Hydro
CSP
Biomass Wind Power Geothermal Sea Energy
Small Wind
Solar
PV
Solar
Térmica
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
58. Texas Tech University – January 201858
Fossil electricity replaced by renewables
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
59. Texas Tech University – January 201859
Energy replaced and economic savings
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
60. Texas Tech University – January 201860
Carbon emissions avoided and equivalent savings
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
61. Texas Tech University – January 201861
NOx & SO2 emissions avoided
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
62. Texas Tech University – January 201862
Energy imports savings by using renewables
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
63. Texas Tech University – January 201863
Specific retribution by technologies
Fuente: CNMC y elaboración propia
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
64. Texas Tech University – January 201864Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
Pool savings (structure)
Marginalism system
65. Texas Tech University – January 201865
Pool savings (M €)
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
66. Texas Tech University – January 201866
Pool savings (per kWh)
Fuente: APPA
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
67. Texas Tech University – January 201867
Renewable generation and electricity pool price
Fuente: REE y OMIE
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
68. Texas Tech University – January 201868
Aggregate tariff deficit
The tariff debt began to accumulate as of 2005. The current accumulated debt of the
electricity system amounts to 23,070 million euros, after having amortized 16,167 million
until December 31, 2016.
* Datos provisionales
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
69. Texas Tech University – January 201869
Tariff deficit vs. Renewable retribution
In the 2005-2008 period, renewable energies received 5,824 million euros in premiums,
while the tariff deficit generated in the same period amounted to 15,099 million, 9.275
million higher than renewable premiums.
There is no correlation between tariff deficit and renewables’ specific retribution.
Tariff Deficit Specific Retribution
* Datos provisionales
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
70. Texas Tech University – January 201870Fuente: APPA
2005-2015
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
Specific retribution vs Pool (and other) savings
71. Texas Tech University – January 201871
Some system costs comparison (2013-2015)
Fuente: CNMC, REE, OMIE y elaboración propia
4. Macroeconomic Impact of Renewable Energies in Spain
72. Texas Tech University – January 201872Fuente: APPA
Yes, they are beneficial in economic terms for our society.
NON EASILY QUANTIFIABLE BENEFITS:
Greater energy independence (security of supply), improvement of quality
environmental impact, positive impacts on health, knowledge and experience, etc.
Macroeconomic Summary
Are Renewable Energies Profitable?
74.566
Jobs
generated
COSTS SAVINGS+WEALTH
5.360
7
SUBVENCIONES
FEED-IN
TARIFF
2795.370
5.989
EMISSIONSPOOL
SAVINGS
IMPORTS
234
1.007
2.793
R&D
INVESTMENT
TAXES
NET EXPORTS
73. Texas Tech University – January 201873
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
74. Texas Tech University – January 201874
2016 2020 2030 2050 2100
20%
20%
20%
40%
27%
27%
80 - 95%
2ºC
European directives have been key to the development of the
renewable sector in Spain and will be for the future
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
Weather EU Goals
75. Texas Tech University – January 201875
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
Wind Power in Europe (2020-2030)
76. Texas Tech University – January 201876Fuente: CNMC y REE
1.678
2.076
3.212
4.658
2.820
1.652
2.270
2.884
914
66 31 43 150e
611e
7.578e
400e
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Eólica Solar Fotovoltaica Solar Termoeléctrica Minihidráulica Biomasa
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
Total Renewable Power Installed in Spain
77. Texas Tech University – January 201877Fuente: CNMC y REE hasta 2016 / Simulación de escenario APPA a 2020
1.678
2.076
3.212
4.658
2.820
1.652
2.270
2.884
914
66 31 43 150e
611e
7.578e
400e
0
1.000
2.000
3.000
4.000
5.000
6.000
7.000
8.000
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Eólica Solar Fotovoltaica Solar Termoeléctrica Minihidráulica Biomasa
5. The Future of Renewables in Spain and Europe
Total Renewable Power Installed in Spain
78. Texas Tech University – January 201878Fuente: APPA
Last decade:
Europe: clear goals | Spain: not energy policy but politic energy
Spain: Stop-and-go policies
Lack of long term planification: need of a stable calendar of tenders
Renewable energies and macroeconomic contribution:
Spanish energy dependence is well above the European Union (+20%).
Renewable Generation saved 4,180 M€ in the OMIE daily market.
RES are essential for the fulfillment of decarbonization objetctives.
Some renewable technologies are already competitive in costs.
Future:
27%-35% renewable energy objectives in 2030
Conclusions
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Javier Alberto Muñoz
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appa@appa.es