One of the opportunity costs of civilization is increase in the amount of consumption of energy per capita per year. Many alternative sources of energy are still being researched and tested but technologies are continually being developed and enhanced to improve energy sources

1. PA K I S TA N E C O N O M I C S U R V E Y
E N E R G Y 2 0 1 8 - 1 9

2. ENERGY MIX
Constitutes of:
• Oil (43.5% FY1998 -31.2% FY2018)
• Natural gas (50.4% FY2006 – 34.6% FY2018)
• Coal (7% FY1998 – 12.7% FY2018)
• Nuclear (0.2% FY1998 – 2.7% FY2018)
• Hydro (13.1% FY1998 – 7.7% FY2018)
• Renewable (0.3% FY2015 – 3.9% FY2018)

3. Vision of Government
PM formed task force on energy to propose immediate, medium and long term
policy with aim to provide affordable and sustainable energy.
NTDC has prepared and submitted IGCEP 2018-2040 to NEPRA.
The plan envisaged transformation of power generation sector from thermal
production to renewable and nuclear power.
Immediate focus on Anti-theft campaign.
Targets to recover PKR 80 billion from old receivables and PKR 60 billion by
controlling theft.
Industrial Support Package subsidy at PKR 3 per unit.
Government support to industrial sector aims to boost manufacturing activities, job
opportunities and exports.
For agriculture sector subsidy of PKR 5.35 per unit aims to increase the production.

4. Generation Capacity and Energy Mix
Pakistan expected coal reserves over 186 billion tons.
New power plants based on coal at Sahiwal and Port Qasim.
Domestic production of coal is expected to increase in the coming years with
projects on Thar Coal.
Installed capacity of electricity increases 2.5 percent
Electricity generation increased by 2.1 percent

5. Share in Electricity Generation
The share of hydro in electricity generation has decreased over the last few decades
Thermal has the largest share in electricity generation
RLNG has helped supply the demand to various power plants (Bhikki, Haveli Bahadur
Shah, Balloki, Halmore, Orient, Rousch, KAPCO, Saif and Sapphire)
In April 2019 it was announced that Pakistan will aim to have 30% of its energy
capacity from renewable sources such as wind, solar and biomass by 2030.

6. Electricity Consumption
The household and agriculture in electricity consumption has decreased.
The increase in the share of industry in electricity consumption is a positive sign
showing revival of industry which was suffering earlier due to load shedding.

7. Oil
• July-March FY2018-2019 (24.6million barrels)
• July-March FY2017-2018(21.8 million barrels)
• Price of 6.6 million tons was 3.4billion in 2019 Price of 7.8 million tons
was 2.9 billion in 2019
• In transport oil consumption was 77% in 2019 and in 2018 it was 56%
• In power sector oil consumption was 14% in 2019 and in 2018 it was
25%.

8. Natural Gas
 Natural gas is the clean safe and environmental friendly fuel.
Pakistan has an extensive gas network of over 12971km transmission, 139827km distribution,
and 37058km services gas pipeline to cater the requirements of 9.6 million consumers.
The capacity of the two floating storage and degasification units to degasify liquefied
natural gas is 1200 MMCFD
Average sector wise natural gas consumption in million cubic feet per day (MMCDF)

9. Nuclear Energy
Pakistan atomic energy commission is the sole department in Pakistan which is
engaged in electricity generation using nuclear technology
There are five nuclear plants working on two sites:
Karachi nuclear power plant (KANUPP)
Chashma nuclear power plant
This power plant has four units (C-1, C-2. C-3, C-4)
Gross capacity of the power stations s 1430MW that supplies about 7267 million
units of electricity to the national grid.
There are the two more units which are under construction names as K-2 and K-3.

10. Coal
Massive energy resource in shape of coal will help Pakistan gain momentum on
the road to sustainable development.
Four provinces have coal reserves but the significant deposits are located in
Thar, Sindh.
Coal mining done in Baluchistan, Sindh, Punjab and Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa
comprises small-scale operations.
 Country large-scale coal mine (3.8 million tons per annum) recently made
operational at Thar coalfield.
July 2018 to June, 2019 has been estimated

11. Clean Energy
Emphasizing on utilization of native and environmentally clean energy generation
resources, the promotion of alternative and renewable technologies is amongst the top
priorities
Five (05) wind power projects of 246.6 MW capacity were completed and started
supplying electricity to the national grid.
Two (02) bagasse cogeneration projects of 58 MW capacity were completed.
 GOP’s strategic objectives of Energy Security, Economic Benefits, Environmental
Protection, Sustainable Growth and Social Equity with original resources.
Smaller renewable energy applications are also being promoted for lighting purposes,
water pumping, heating and power generation etc.

12. Way Forward
Pakistan has successfully removed bottlenecks on the generation side of electricity
during previous government.
Inefficiency and lack of infrastructure on the transmission and distribution side of the
supply chain has hampered sustained delivery of electricity and energy services.
The demand projections from power as well as petroleum divisions, will help in
foreseeing the evolving energy mix as well as keeping the focus on indigenous
resources.
As market forces are concerned, business models of energy services companies
(ESCO) and sustainable energy utility (SEU) should be developed and incentivized.
Administration will help ease the burden on distribution chain of the electricity sector.